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部分为全新（有塑封/无塑封），个别图书品相8-9成新、切口有划线标记、光盘等附件不全详细品相说明>>
- ISBN：9787020117512
- 装帧：简裝本
- 册数：暂无
- 重量：暂无
- 开本：32开
- 页数：414
- 出版时间：2016-10-01
- 条形码：9787020117512 ; 978-7-02-011751-2
内容简介
有时候，能够死掉反而更好……
克里德一家搬到缅因州乡下一处美丽的房子里，生活如田园牧歌一般，美好得不像真的：一家之主是医生，母亲美丽，女儿可爱，还有个牙牙学语的儿子。
但附近的森林里隐藏着一个令人毛骨悚然的真相，那个地方比死亡更恐怖，更有力量。
克里德一家将发现，有时候，能够死掉反而更好。
《宠物公墓》自出版后备受好评，被认为是斯蒂芬·金的经典作品之一，深刻探寻了死亡、失去和绝望的本质。每一个读过本书的读者都将难以忘怀。
目录
第二部 米克马克族古葬场
第三部 伟大而恐怖的欧兹魔法师
尾声
节选
《宠物公墓》：
刘易斯·克里德三岁时父亲就过世了，他也从来没见过祖父。他没想到自己却在步人中年之际，认识了一位亲如生父的朋友……他称对方为“朋友”，一般成年人在活了一把年纪后，如果结识一位亲如生父之人，通常会称对方为朋友。遇见这人的傍晚，刘易斯正带着妻子和两个孩子准备搬到绿洛镇的一幢木造白色大宅。前英国首相丘吉尔也跟着他们一家人搬来了——丘吉尔是他女儿埃莉的猫，小名啾吉。
学校负责帮他找房子的部门办事效率低下，过了很久才找到一处离校园不远的住宅。刘易斯在觉得应该已经抵达目的地时，脑中突然萌现一个病态的联想——所有标志看来没错……就像恺撒大帝被暗杀前一晚的星象。
全家人都累坏了，神经也都紧绷到崩溃边缘。凯奇正在长牙，难受得吵个不停，不管雷切尔唱多久的摇篮曲，他就是不肯睡。因此虽然还没到吃奶时间，雷切尔还是将乳头送进他嘴里。凯奇和她一样清楚自己的用餐时间——说不定比她还清楚——而他也立刻用新长出的细牙咬住雷切尔。
雷切尔突然哭了起来，心里还对于搬到缅因州这件事有点儿忐忑，毕竟她在芝加哥住了一辈子。埃莉见到妈妈流泪，也跟着哭了起来。而在旅行车后座，啾吉还在不停来回踱步，从芝加哥开到这里的三天内完全没停过。他们原本让它待在猫笼里喵喵叫得让人受不了；结果把它放出来后，它无一刻稍止的踱步也同样令人抓狂。
刘易斯自己也想哭，他脑中突然闪过一个疯狂但不讨厌的念头：他可以提议趁着等待家具搬运车到来的空当，一家人掉头回班格尔市吃点东西，然后一等他生命中的这三个羁绊全都下车后，他就立刻踩下油门把车开走，头也不回扬长而去；他可以一路往南开，直接开到佛罗里达州的奥兰多，然后改名换姓，到迪斯尼乐园当医护人员。不过在将车子开上宽阔而老旧的南下九十五号州际公路前，他一定会先在路边停下，把这只该死的猫扔出去。
他们转了*后一个弯，房子在眼前出现，到目前为止，只有刘易斯见过这幢房屋。缅因大学的工作一定下来之后，他们先从照片上挑了七幢屋子，刘易斯曾搭飞机专程来此看过每一幢。*后他选中了这一幢：新英格兰殖民时代的古老大宅（外墙刚加上一层铝皮，又经过保暖处理；冬季的暖气费用虽高，但就他们的经济能力而言还不算太离谱），楼下三个大房间、楼上四问，此外还有个长型棚屋，将来也可以改建成房间——房子四周是厚厚的草坪，即使在八月的高温下，草坪仍是绿油油的。
后院有一大片草地可供孩子玩耍，草地再往前则是一大片绵延到不知什么鬼地方的树林。他们的房子紧邻州政府的土地，据地产经纪人说，公家的这块土地未来数十年内都不太可能被开发。少数加拿大米克马克族印第安人后裔曾宣称这近八千英亩的土地属于他们，包括绿洛镇及其东边的几个城镇，不过这桩牵涉联邦政府与州政府的复杂官司，可能到下个世纪都不会有定论。
雷切尔收住眼泪，坐起身来说：“那就是……”
“就是这儿了。”刘易斯说。他有点担心——不，是害怕。事实上，他吓坏了。为了这幢房子，他抵押上十二年的生命，要到埃莉十七岁时才能还清贷款。刘易斯紧张地咽了口口水。
“你觉得怎么样？”
“我觉得很美！”雷切尔说。刘易斯觉得压在胸口的大石不见了——不用再担心了，他看得出雷切尔不是随口说说。车子拐上柏油车道，车道一路蜿蜒到长型棚屋后面，雷切尔扫视后面空无一物的窗户，心里盘算着该挂什么花色的窗帘，橱柜里该铺哪一种防潮油布，以及其他只有一些天知道的事情。
“爹地？”坐在后座的埃莉唤道。她也不哭了，连凯奇也不再吵闹。刘易斯享受着这片刻宁静。
“什么事，乖女儿？”
刘易斯从后视镜里可以看到，她金发覆盖下的那双褐色眼珠也在环视着房子和草坪，左边远处另一栋住宅的屋顶，以及延伸到森林边缘的那一大片草地。
……
作者简介
斯蒂芬·金（Stephen King），一九四七年出生于美国缅因州波特兰市，后在缅因州州立大学学习英语文学，毕业后走上写作之路。自一九七三年出版**部长篇小说《魔女嘉莉》后，迄今已著有四十多部长篇小说和二百多部短篇小说。其所有作品均为全球畅销书，有超过百部影视作品取材自他的小说，因此被誉为“现代惊悚小说大师”。一九九九年，斯蒂芬·金遭遇严重车祸，康复后又立刻投入写作。二○○三年，获得美国**图书基金会颁发的“杰出贡献奖”，其后又获得世界奇幻文学奖“终身成就奖”和美国推理作家协会“爱伦坡奖”的“大师奖”。在斯蒂芬·金的众多作品中，以历时三十余年才终于完成的奇幻巨著“黑暗塔系列”（共七卷）*为壮观，也*受金迷推崇，书里的人物与情节，散见于斯蒂芬·金的其他小说中。他的*新作品包括《11/22/63》、《暗夜无星》和《穹顶之下》等。目前斯蒂芬·金与妻子居住在美国缅因州班戈市。他的妻子塔比莎·金也是位小说家。
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月亮虎¥17.8¥48.0<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>qq足球讯 北京时间11月30日的亚冠小组赛当中，上海申花3-3憾平澳超球队珀斯光荣，申花队长莫雷诺在下半场连进2球后受伤被换下。
莫雷诺在比赛第75分钟疑似腹股沟出现不适，被担架抬下场。赛后，莫雷诺当选本场比赛MVP，并和主教练崔康熙一同出席了赛后新闻发布会。申花新闻官马悦表示，莫雷诺的受伤影响不大，但是是否可以出战小组最后一轮比赛还没有定论。
北京时间12月3日18：00，上海申花将对阵蔚山现代，这场比赛也将直接影响申花小组出线结果。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>是的作家凭借英格兰队在国际比赛中两场比赛的进球，马库斯·拉什福德可能已经为自己的国家打下了一个首发位置小城镇博物馆的总经理补充说人们会害怕在内陆旅行因为他们对地图没有任何信心昆士兰内陆旅游协会的彼得霍曼告诉法新社人们因不准确而被推迟在谷歌地图提供的驾驶时间里任何时间长达六七个小时伊甸园东部的流行文化专家兼首席执行官尼克埃德告诉太阳报：“哈利和梅根已经展示了他们本能地以一种进步和热情的方式接受他们的工作承诺的皇室成员所以我总是面带微笑我很幸福“我不应该这样做，我爱我的父亲，”布鲁克林出生的29岁男子星期四在SiriusXM Hits 1上告诉Morning Mash Up亚马逊发言人在一份简短声明中证实该公司正对这些索赔进行彻底调查我们对滥用我们的系统绝不容忍如果我们发现参与此行为的不良行为者我们将采取迅速行动对付他们亚马逊将发言人表示考虑终止账户删除评论以及从违反规则的卖家那里扣留资金表示潜在的广播公司表示他们会为这种类型的联合竞争付出更多代价并且任何贬低世界杯的论据都没有竞争对手波音公司周三推出了一款在澳大利亚开发的大型无人机模型，该模型专为同一任务而设计：在战斗中与飞行的飞机一起飞行它揭示了她“一直在做爱，吸毒，当然还有怀孕我开始哭泣他的损失是毁灭性的，”UPMC首席质量官Tami Minnier在推特上发表的一份声明中写道据Refinitiv Eikon数据显示，自9月份开始供应常规供应品以来，孟加拉国的进口量约为100万吨它的设计师Chadirji被称为伊拉克建筑的“父亲”，也是巴格达建筑物的背后当天早些时候调查人员表示他们已经发现两件新包装被认为是邮件轰炸狂潮的一部分发给参议员 周四晚上佛罗里达州的一家邮件分拣设施找到了的包裹周五在曼哈顿的一家邮政工厂发现了送给的包裹他们拿起行李，最后步行到他们希望称之为家的利马社区.___ EPILOGUE：抵达秘鲁后一个月，Angelis和她妈妈又回来了他加入了十几个其他竞争者的拥挤领域其中包括一些参议员
郑重声明：本文版权归原作者所有，转载文章仅为传播更多信息之目的，如作者信息标记有误，请第一时间联系我们修改或删除，多谢。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>چندی پیش، سامسونگ گوشی گلکسی F41 را رسما معرفی کرد. این گوشی برای بازار کشور هند ساخته شده بود و به عنوان اولین عضو از خانواده ی گلکسی اف (F) هم شناخته می شد؛ البته گوشی گلکسی اف ۴۱ مدل ریبرند شده ی گلکسی M31 محسوب می شد. مشخص است که سامسونگ علاقه ی زیادی به عرضه ی گوشی های میان رده آن هم با نام های مختلف دارد. این شرکت کره ای پیش ازاین گوشی های میان رده ی خود را با نام گلکسی A و گلکسی M روانه ی بازار می کرد و هم اکنون با خانواده ی گلکسی F عرضه می کند. شاید همین مدل نام گذاری باعث شد که سامسونگ سری گوشی های گلکسی J را دیگر تولید نکند.
گوشی های سری گلکسی اف تازه در ابتدای راه قرار دارند و قرار است گوشی دیگری هم درکنار گلکسی اف ۴۱ مشاهده کنیم. گوشی جدید با شماره مدل SM-F127G شناخته می شود و مشخص نیست که با نام گلکسی اف ۱۲ راهی بازار می شود یا نام گلکسی اف ۱۲ اس روی آن قرار می گیرد. البته شایعات می گویند که ممکن است این گوشی به جای محصول میان ردهی، محصولی پایین رده باشد.
متأسفانه هنوز اطلاعات بیشتری درباره ی گوشی گلکسی اف ۱۲ یا گلکسی اف ۱۲ اس منتشر نشده و تنها چیزی که از این گوشی می دانیم شماره مدل آن است. به احتمال زیاد تا مدتی دیگر اطلاعات بیشتری از این گوشی منتشر می شود.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>3 Answers | Add Yours
Vaccination (introducing a substance into the body in order to produce immunity to a disease) may have been used in China, India, and Persia (present-day Iran) in ancient times. However, English doctor Edward Jenner (1749–1823) used the first recorded vaccination. He was inspired to develop the technique when he noticed that dairymaids (women who milk cows) in rural Gloucestershire who had previously been sick with cowpox (a contagious disease that causes blisters on the cow's udder and on the milkmaid's hand) did not catch smallpox, a disease similar to cowpox. Jenner wondered if the dairymaids had developed immunity to smallpox, which then often killed people in much-feared epidemics. Jenner tested his theory on an eight-year-old boy named Phipps. He took some matter from a milkmaid's cowpox vesicles (blisters) and injected it into the boy, who then developed temporary immunity (resistance) to smallpox.
Using Jenner's research, French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) took the process one step further. While working on both chicken cholera (a serious, often fatal disease of the intestines) and anthrax (an often fatal disease usually transmitted by cattle and sheep) bacteria, he discovered that a weakened form of bacteria could produce immunity from the disease caused by the bacteria. Thus, Pasteur's discovery is the basis for vaccines that have saved millions of lives from such diseases as whooping cough, measles, mumps, polio, tetanus, and influenza.
Further Information: Curtis, Robert H. Great Lives: Medicine. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1993, pp. 119–27; Miller, Brandon Marie. Just What the Doctor Ordered. Minneapolis, Minn.: Lerner, 1997; Morris, Stephen. Edward Jenner. New York: Franklin Watts, 1992; Mulcahy, Robert. Diseases: Finding the Cure. Minneapolis, Minn.: Oliver Press, 1996, pp. 27–40.
Edward Jenner invented the vaccination in 1790s.
Smallpox was the first effective vaccine to be created. It was introduced by Edward Jenner in 1798 and used his theory on milkmaids to test its effectiveness.
We’ve answered 288,398 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a question<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>天然抗氧化剂的物质结构类型和抗氧化作用机理
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souls who offered temptations of sin and self-destruction. Preaching powerfully from the pulpit, he encouraged enforcement of the state liquor laws to clean up Sioux City. Naturally, his words were not appreciated by those who profited from Sioux City’s’sins.’ The reverend was insulted, spat upon and even threatened.
In one instance, Haddock was walking down the street when an antagonist called, ‘Come over here and I’ll cut your head off.’ Haddock defiantly crossed over to the sidewalk and walked past his tormenter without incident. ‘I always noticed that towards his friends he was the most generous and kindly,’ the Rev. Orlin A. Curtis, a friend of Haddock’s, wrote. ‘There were in fact, two very different elements in his large nature as was once said of a famous Scotchman, tears lie in him, and consuming fire. Thus George Haddock appeared differently to those who met him. To some men he was an everlasting fist, but to others a friendly, open palm.’
Another Sioux City prohibition advocate, the Rev. D.R. Watson of the First Baptist Church, became so fed up with the threats, indignities and local sentiments that he resigned and left town. Haddock, though, did not waver in his attack on the consumption of alcohol for pleasure. He began witnessing and signing papers against saloons in court. Haddock knew the risks. He told friends and his congregation that he expected to meet violence or death at the hands of saloon elements.
In July 1886, two murders in Sioux City caused tensions to approach the breaking point. The first occurred on Saturday night, July 3, at Prescott’s Gambling House, located over Uhlmer’s Saloon at 513 Fourth St., and involved William Prescott’s two partners, George Throut and Ed Hatch. The hard-drinking Throut got mad because Hatch was playing faro and winning against the house (and thus costing Throut money). Throut drew a revolver, fired point-blank into Hatch’s chest, and escaped. (Although later captured, convicted of murder and given a life sentence, Throut was soon pardoned by the governor.) The second incident involved a vagrant who was simply banging on a door when cut down by a citizen named Tom Mace.
Two other men, Stub Wilson and Billy Young, were charged in other shooting scrapes in the Soudan alley district, where gambling dens flourished along with prostitution houses such as Madame Shaw’s Maple Grove, Minnie Kern’s place and Ida Allen’s place. Another of the red-light districts, known as ‘Hell’s Half Acre,’ was located right next to the Missouri River to conveniently serve riverboat travelers.
The city council reacted to the two July murders by closing the gambling houses on Sundays. Apparently alcohol had been a factor in both murders, fueling the prohibitionists’ fire. Also, there had been several alcohol-related suicides in town. On Tuesday, July 27, the Rev. Haddock was in fine form. ‘I have been accused of meddling in other people’s business and persecuting the saloons, and [it has been said] that the temperance people were wrong and the saloon people were the most abused class,’ he said. ‘I was a better friend to the saloon men than those who were aiding and abetting them in violation of the law.’ Haddock then issued a challenge to the saloon sympathizers: ‘I will meet with any reputable gentleman in a friendly interchange of thought for four to six nights on the following proposition: resolved that the traffic of intoxicating beverages is hostile to the best interest of Sioux City and ought to be suppressed in accordance with the laws of the State of Iowa.’
A public meeting was held on Friday, July 30, at the courthouse. The meeting was considered a bust, since the attendees were unwilling to go on the record against alcoholic consumption without support from the local business owners. The saloonkeepers meanwhile organized an association and planned how to stop the prosecutions. The organization’s intention was to whip ‘Walker, Wood, and Haddock.’ Thomas R. Walker was a local citizen who had signed papers against saloon owners and had been a witness in court with the Rev. Haddock. D.W. Wood was the legal representative for the prohibitionists, who called themselves the Law and Order League.
A saloon association meeting was held on August 2 at Holdenrieds’ hall to prepare for the court proceedings scheduled for the following day. One of the attendees, Belgium-born John Arensdorf, suggested making Haddock pay for his persistent spying on the saloons. Arensdorf, a chubby, medium-height man with a reddish mustache, was foreman for the Franz Brewing Company. German saloonkeeper George Trieber hired two men–Albert ‘Bismark’ Koschnitski and Sylvester Granda–for $500 from the association’s treasury to give Haddock a whipping.
Haddock spent the next day, August 3, in the Woodbury County District Court testifying against the saloons. Arensdorf and Trieber were present in court, as were saloonkeeper Fred Munchrath, Jr., hotel owner Paul Leader and other members of the saloon association.
A rainy evening followed the long day in court. At about 9 p.m. Haddock and another minister, C.C. Turner, rented a horse and buggy from Jerry Merrill’s livery stable, located at Third and Water streets. The two prohibitionists were seeking additional information on liquor violations in Greenville, only a couple of miles east of Sioux City. Some of the Sioux City saloonkeepers decided it was time for Bismark Koschnitski and Granda to earn their money, and they sent the two thugs to Merrill’s to await Haddock’s return.
Haddock and Turner found the saloons closed in Greenville. The two reverends then drove back to Sioux City’s west side, where Haddock let Turner off at his residence. By this time, several members of the saloon crowd had gathered in front of Columbia House, a hotel that adjoined Merrill’s stable, to witness the whipping. More than a few had done some drinking. At about 10:15 p.m., Haddock drove up in the buggy. He noticed a large group of men loitering close to the stable. Tom Jarvis, the hostler, said that someone had come around asking about Haddock. ‘Well, I can take care of myself and them too,’ said Haddock as he stepped out into the dimly lit, muddy street.
With his cane in one hand and an iron wheel attached to a length of rope in the other, the pastor proceeded toward the group. When Haddock reached the middle of the 80-foot-wide street, two men broke out of the crowd and approached him. The first individual put his hands in Haddock’s face as the second individual, said to be Arensdorf, walked just to the left of Haddock. After passing Haddock, the second man turned and fired a revolver, the bullet penetrating the left side of Haddock’s neck. The conspirators then scattered. Arensdorf and a beer wagon driver, Henry Peters, ran a couple of blocks west of the crime scene and entered the Franz Brewing Co.
After taking the bullet in the neck, Haddock stumbled in the muddy street, dropping his cane. He fell but got back up, only to stumble again. He made it across the street from the stable before collapsing. John ‘Jack’ Ryan, superintendent of the city market, had been standing in the doorway of Dan O’ Connell’s saloon at 214 Fourth St., when he heard the shot. Ryan was the first person to reach Haddock, who lay face down in the gutter. Ryan turned Haddock over, placing the minister’s head on the sidewalk. Haddock moaned and tried to speak, but his mouth filled with blood. Fireman William Ingledue, who had witnessed the shooting from the fire station across the street, ran off to get Police Chief James Nelon (sometimes spelled Nelson). Meanwhile, Deputy Marshal A.J. Lagger and Deputy Sheriff William (‘Billy’) C. Davenport, known as ‘the Kid Deputy,’ had arrived on the scene. By then, there was nothing to be done to help Haddock. He had died of the gunshot wound to his neck, fulfilling his own prophecy. Hundreds of people took to the street to get a closer look. Haddock’s lifeless form lay in the muddy street for an hour–the roped iron wheel still wrapped securely around his wrist, his rain slicker covered with his blood–before his body was taken to the parsonage at 514 Seventh St. by undertaker C.T. Wescott.
The murder catapulted Sioux City into the national spotlight, and correspondents came from as far away as New York and Chicago to cover the story. The Sioux City Journal headlines read ‘Assassinated.’ The Northwest Iowa Conference of the Methodist Church resolved, ‘We charge upon the saloon the deep crimson dyed iniquity of George C. Haddock’s untimely take off and earnestly invite and implore all lovers of humanity, our country and of her laws, and haters of anarchy and crime, to join us in the solemn pledge to wage an unceasing war of extermination against the saloon, the brewery, the distillery, and all breeding dens of murder and murders.’
The New York Christian Advocate wrote: ‘The death of Reverend George C. Haddock was glorious. He died in endeavoring to restore the laws of the state, in trying to save those who shot him.’ The Rev. H. Sewell of Wisconsin wrote, ‘Our cause has suffered a loss, but heaven has gained a citizen.’ The Rev. T.C. Wilson of Wisconsin said, ‘Death found him, in the midst of his strength and usefulness, in the forefront of the battle.’ John Hograth Lozler of the Northwest Iowa Conference wrote:
‘Our Martyr Brother’ in memory of George Channing Haddock.
Oh, my list’ning spirit hath heard a new cry
From the altar that stands near the Throne!
‘Tis the voice of our brother, who feared not to die
On the field where his triumph was won.
‘Tis the voice of that saint who, for garments of gore,
Was given those ‘roves’ of pure white,
As the angels swept down through the darkness and bore
His soul to their mansions of light
Make room, oh, ye martyrs who hallowed the sod
With your blood, in those ages of yore!
For Haddock was’slain for the word of
And the witness he faithfully bore.’
Let him ‘rest’ ‘neath the ‘altar,’ where martyred souls throng,
‘Till times little season is past.
Then the cry of the martyr, ‘how long? Oh, how long?’
Shall dissolve in an anthem at last.
For the ‘voice’ of a martyr’s blood first reached the throne,
And vainly his murderer fled.
So the blood of our brother shall cry, and
‘Till the demon that slew him is dead.
‘Twas at man the vile murderers leveled their aim,
But at God their fair missile was hurled.
And the flash of their weapon hath kindled a flame
That for ages shall blaze round the world.
And the churches of God shall arise in
One impulse inspiring us all;
And the lines that divide us shall vanish from sight
‘Neath the ‘mantle’ our brother let fall.
And millions beside, to the churches unknown,
Have lifted their hands to the sky,
And have sworn by the Being, who sits on the Throne,
That the curse that hath slain him shall die.
Oh, Haddock! We catch up that banner
All stained with thy rich martyr blood;
And we vow that each drop to a torrent
That shall sweep off the curse with its flood.
A large funeral was conducted in Sioux City, and the body of George Haddock was transported by train to Racine, Wis., and buried in Mound Cemetery. George’s widow, Cornelia Haddock, moved to Oshkosh, Wis., to live with her attorney son, Frank Haddock, who would write The Life of George C. Haddock (published in 1887).
George P. Perkins, editor of the Sioux City Journal, led a mass outcry for justice–the murderers must pay, and the city officials could not whitewash the incident and merely close a few gambling houses this time. The Journal and city council raised funds for the funeral, and Governor William Larrabee and the city council posted a reward for the men responsible.
Several of the conspirators left town within a few days of the murder, but Police Chief Nelon and City Marshal James F. Shanley doggedly pursued them. On August 14, the first two arrests were made in Casselton, N.D. John King and Charles Waldering were taken into custody and returned to Sioux City. They were charged with conspiracy to bruise, beat, wound and ill-treat Thomas Walker, a witness for the prohibitionists. Harry L. Leavitt, owner of the Standard Variety Theater, was located in Chicago and returned to Sioux City. In his confession, Leavitt said that Arensdorf was the man who pulled the trigger. Later, Bismark Koschnitski, who was arrested in San Francisco, substantiated what Leavitt had said. Saloon sympathizers were quick to point out how unjust the Iowa liquor laws were and suggested that the intention had only been to give Haddock a whipping, but when the minister began defending himself he was shot.
In October, John Arensdorf, who was married and had four children, was arrested in Davenport, Iowa, where he had gone with his Knights of Pythias lodge brothers. He was brought back to Sioux City, indicted for murder and released on bond. Also implicated in the conspiracy were saloonkeepers Fred Munchrath, Jr., and Louis Plath, hotel owner Paul Leader, beer wagon driver Henry Peters, theater owner Harry Leavitt, and saloon patrons Sylvester Granda, John King, Albert Koschnitski and Charles Waldering. No doubt many more individuals were involved.
Arensdorf was tried twice for Haddock’s murder. The first trial began on March 23, 1887, and ended in a hung jury on April 17. The Sioux City Journal reported that the jury in Haddock’s case was ‘released Sunday noon after being out seventeen hours. Eleven jurymen were for acquittal and one juryman, O’Connell, immovably for convictions. Jury man O’Connell charges that he was corruptly approached on behalf of the defense.’ The second trial began on November 14, 1887, and the jury returned a not guilty verdict on December 9, even though the prosecution provided overwhelming evidence from eyewitness accounts and from the confessions of other conspirators.
Haddock’s widow sat quietly through both trials. Defense witnesses upon cross-examination changed their accounts of the murder, which enraged the press and the public. The Logan Observer wrote: ‘The Arensdorf trial at Sioux City is turning out to be a regular farce. The prosecution proved clearly by several witnesses that Arensdorf killed Haddock.’ The Chicago News stated, ‘The improbabilities suggested in the theory of the defense are so apparent that the common sentiment is that of disgust’ and later added, ‘Even should the spirit of Dr. Haddock himself enter the room and point to Arensdorf and say ‘thou art the man,’ the jury would still not convict the accused.’ The Dakotian newspaper asked, ‘Does god rule, or the devil, in Sioux City?’ The Chicago Journal announced, ‘There is now no probability that the real murderer of Haddock will ever pay the penalty of his crime.’ The Davenport Democrat voiced, ‘If cities were punished for their wickedness in these times, a disastrous earthquake might be predicted for the vicinity of Sioux City.’
Following his acquittal, John Arensdorf was seen with jury members on a night out on the town. The Sioux City Journal wrote that when Arensdorf caught sight of a newsmen, he came forward from the group and extended his hand. ‘I suppose it is in order to congratulate you, Mr. Arensdorf?’ the reporter said. Arensdorf replied, ‘Yes. You don’t like it, I know, but you’ll have to stand it.’ At that point, a juror named John Tripp echoed the brewer’s sentiments, ‘You bet he will have to stand it.’ The group, according to the reporter, later adjourned to the Florence Photographic Studio to have a group picture taken.
Munchrath was the only person convicted of any charges related to the Haddock murder. The judge sentenced Munchrath to four years in the state penitentiary after a jury convicted the saloonkeeper of manslaughter. Munchrath appealed the verdict, and on July 15, 1890, Governor Horace Boies suspended the sentence. Munchrath served three months. Eight other indictments were filed for conspiracy and murder. The defendants were Leader, Granda, Leavitt, Koschnitski, Trieber, Peters, Plath and Harry Sherman. Koschnitski and Leavitt were witnesses for the prosecution. Plath, Trieber and Peters disappeared and were not apprehended. The Sioux City Journal reported, ‘One of the highest legal authorities in Iowa said to this correspondent of the daily news: there is no use wasting more money on those cases.’ According to legend, one of the conspirators was murdered to keep his mouth shut. On December 11, 1887, the Journal reported: ‘Henry Peters, the driver of the Arensdorf beer wagon mysteriously disappeared soon after the murder occurred. He was the man who went with Arensdorf from Dineens corner to meet Haddock, and stood close by him when Arensdorf fired the fatal shot. His testimony, if truthfully given, would have convicted Arensdorf. He left Sioux City without taking his trunk or clothing from the place he was boarding. Many people believe that Peters was murdered in the brewery and his body burned in the furnace.’
The publicity generated by the Rev. Haddock’s murder and the trials that followed did help the prohibitionists win a major battle against the liquor element. Saloons, gambling houses and the red-light districts were closed in Sioux City. Local gamblers, prostitutes and saloon proprietors swarmed across the Missouri River to the town of Stanton (now known as South Sioux City, Neb.). Ferryboats were the only transportation to the town of vice–called ‘one of the wickedest towns in the world’ by the Sioux City Journal–until 1899, when a bridge was built across the river. In 1891, Governor Boies, who was anti-prohibition, signed the Muct Law, which enabled drinking establishments in Iowa to be licensed again. Thus, Haddock’s murder had brought prohibition to Sioux City for only about five years. Haddock had won several minor battles in his struggle to enforce a completely dry state, but in the end the war was lost and liquor flowed freely again in the riverfront town. As for John Arensdorf, he lived the rest of his life in Sioux City and retired as a brewer. He developed pulmonary tuberculosis and died on July 28, 1909. He was buried in the city’s Calvary Cemetery.
Fifty years after the Rev. George Haddock’s murder, a service was held to dedicate a bronze tablet in the sidewalk at Fourth and Water streets, the place where the fighting pastor died. The dedication participants sang the
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%, so human infection is by no means rare. The importance of this is several fold. Larvae when they migrate to the eye can cause blindness. There are also documented cases of larvae migrating to the brain and across the placenta of pregnant women resulting in birth defects. These instances are rare, but not unheard of. The best way to virtually eliminate this risk is to have your pet on a monthly broad-spectrum parasite preventative.
Other parasites that we see in this area include hookworms and whipworms. Hookworms also have a larval phase when free-living and can penetrate the skin causing intensely itchy red linear tracts on the feet and legs.Don’t go bare foot atthe dog park or Dog Beach. They are blood suckers as well and can cause severe anemia in puppies if not detected. Whip worms have no effect on man, but they do produce a low grade chronic inflammation of the large intestine in dogs.
All Dogs, All Year. Because of the significant potential health risks to both pet and owner alike, we strongly recommend that all dogs be on year round parasite prevention. This is especially important if you have small children in the home or are, or are planning a pregnancy. Your choice of preventative is best discussed with you veterinarian who can recommend the best product for your pet.
For comprehensive information on parasites in pets, visit the Companion Animal Parasite Council website at www. CAPCVET.org
New client exams are only $25.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Dr. David Perlmutter, the author of Brain Change has stated that carbohydrates, even the whole-grain carbs that man of us think of as the good ones, are the cause of almost every modern neurologic lalady. That includes dementia, decrease libido, depression, chronic headaches, anxiety, epilepsy, and ADHD.
“Most grain foods, whether we’re talking about quinoa, amaranth, the very popular grains of the day, the reality is they still are associated with a carbohydrate surge. They have a fairly high glycemic index, meaning that after 90 to 120 minutes, your blood sugar is going to go up, and that is detrimental to the brain.”, saids Perlmutter.
“The biggest issue by far is that carbohydrates are absolutely at the cornerstone of all of our major degenerative conditions,” he says. “That includes things like Alzheimer’s, heart disease, and even cancers. What we know is that even mild elevations in blood sugar are strongly related to developing Alzheimer’s disease. That was published August 8, 2013, in the New England Journal of Medicine. Even mild elevations in blood sugar compromise brain structure and lead to shrinkage of the brain. That’s what our most well-respected, peer-reviewed journals are telling us.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Panini Comics: Kick Ass 3 arriva a luglio
Dopo lo scontro con Motherfucker e il suo gruppo, Dave, Kick Ass, ha perso il padre e la sua unica amica, Hit Girl, è finita in carcere per salvarlo.
Mentre i carcerati scoprono la vera forza di Hit Girl, Dave non si arrende e guida la Justice Forever, il suo super gruppo, nella sua prima missione: far evadere la loro amica dal carcere!
Fonte: Panini Comics<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>同性恋婚姻合法化已经在许多国家和地区实施了，这件事情在生活中会起到什么样的作用呢？同婚合法化的举动在一些人眼中看似荒谬，其背后的意义或许比我们想象中要大得多。
首先，先来看看立法和我们普通生活有什么关系吧~
表面上好像立法是一件离普通民众很遥远的事情，但如果一项平权法案可以对反歧视有作用，减少对少数群体的歧视现象，从而减少少数群体的压力，那或许可以使他们的身心健康水平提高，甚至减少该群体青少年的自杀率。如果知道被男性强奸的男性并无法入罪，你走在月黑风高的夜晚是否也会有一丝不安；如果你的“婚后财产”不受法律保护，你会不会对是否要步入婚姻思虑再三呢？一项法案牵扯到千千万万人的日常生活，总的来说同性婚姻合法比不合法要好。
《美国医学协会期刊》（JAMA Pediatrics）刊登的最新研究指出，在一项针对全美47个洲的调查逐年收集了在过去12个月自我报告有1次或更多的自杀企图的的数据，发现1999-2015这些年间有8.6%的高中生有自杀企图，这其中有28.5%的学生自我认同为性少数。同性婚姻政策和0.6%的自杀企图下降相关，代表在中学中7%相对下降的自杀企图，这种影响集中在性少数群体青少年中。
政策影响自杀企图可能和这些因素有关：
同性婚姻合法化后，同志青少年会觉得“未来比较有希望”，研究者如是说。承受污名的青少年遭到家庭、朋友、社会的嫌弃，如果社会与校园对同志的接受度提高了，霸凌事件减少，性少数青少年觉得自己承受的污名也变少了，自杀的企图就有可能降低减少歧视，青少年可能从媒体、父母、社会政策得到暗示，如果法律规定一个族群与另一个族群并不平等，等于对年轻人传达了明确的讯息：他们也不需要平等对待‘次要’族群，法律歧视可能也会让现存的偏见恶化。同性婚姻合法则让青少年看到可以把自己放进这个世界的希望，明白这个世界也是有可能适合自己的。
在此补充一下，我国的同性恋权利是什么情况呢？
这个话题近几年也经常沸沸扬扬的。其实大家可能不是很了解，只是大概知道同性恋还不能结婚，但是具体他们受到怎么样的保护或不被保护呢？
法律研究曾得出一个结论，“我国法律并没有剥夺同性恋的结婚权，但同性恋的结婚权却只能在异性婚姻中行使。”
一下子看不懂这句话的人一定不止我一个！
用大白话来说，这句话的意思是：同性恋有结婚的权利，但是只有和异性结婚的权利。
如果非得举个例子的啊，可能也就是我们印象中“同婚”啦。 如果不想坑害无辜的异性恋的话，也可以选择不结婚，扛住父母每年催命一样的催婚，变成一条外人眼中的“大龄单身狗”。和我的好基伴一起过日子，买房子，买车子，不就是少张证而已嘛。只是考虑到现在大城市离婚率高达40%，万一哪一天日子过不下去了，共同财产划分起来也不容易。
除了婚姻权，目前在我国的任何一部制定法中都没有涉及到同性恋的字眼，可以说，我国法律对同性恋的权利保障处于缺失状态。比如说：
1）刑事法律缺失导致罪责不相适应，同性之间的强奸缺乏刑法定罪。根据刑法定罪原则，我国刑法规定的强奸罪保护的仅是女性的性权利不受侵犯，男性受害者无法成为强奸罪中规定的侵犯对象，施害者的罪名也无法成立，无法受到相应的法律制裁。
关于猥亵方面的犯罪也有同样的情况。 具体的情况可能是，A男强奸了B男，B男把A男告上法庭，但是法庭没有相关的法律将B男规定为受害者，A男也无法成为施害者，于是法律无法制裁A男的强奸行为…B男成为了一个实质上存在，但法律上不存在的强奸受害者…
2）民事法律缺失导致同性关系纠纷无法可依。一对同性恋人兴同生活可能面临着财产、互助、分手等一系列问题。而在同性关系不被法律承认的情况下，当他们遇到上述问题时，却无法像异性恋人一样采取法律的途径获得解决与救济。
比如说一对同行伴侣在共同生活一段时间之后决定安置家业，共同买房、供房，和普通的成年伴侣一样积蓄共同财产。但是由于法律不承认同性关系，也就不保护同性伴侣的共同财产，当纠纷出现而对簿公堂时，以赔偿为需求的诉讼申请也会因为无法可依而不予支持。
3）除了上述两种情况，各个方面的法律缺失，让同性恋群体的共同生活变得尴尬，很多问题变得难以解决。比如：
共同生活的同性恋人是否可以收养子女，他们与被收养者的关系如何登记和确定；一方死亡时另一方是否具有继承权；一方死亡系由侵权所致，另一方是否具有赔偿请求权等等。
没有法律保障的社群中也往往带着一种对关系的不安，用丛林法则解决问题只是在原有的压力和负担上付出更多来平衡，各种规章不完善的活动可能由此而生，反过来又加重了对社群的污名。最著名的论断可能就是：同性恋者都好淫乱的。提此言论者是否有思考过同性恋者面对的是法律不认可同性婚姻带来的实质的权利保障缺失和污名。面对这没有法律保障的共同生活、面对着和大多数人都不一样的共同生活、还要面对源源不断的质疑。
学者认为，同性恋合法比不合法好。将同性恋的概念纳入法律范畴，或者去性别化或许不能解决所有问题，但是暂时来说保障了更多人的权益，同性恋者和同性恋者相关的家人朋友。
因此，适当进行一次同性恋测试，测试一下自己的性倾向非常有必要，本文为您推荐专业的性取向测试题。长按识别二维码即可快捷测试。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Passarono ancora altri anni, e nel 1993 ecco un fatto inspettato che giunge ad avvalorare ulteriormente le testimonianze raccolte in Processo al K2. Un chirurgo di Melbourne, il professor Robert D. Marshall, scopre nell'edizione inglese di Berge der Welt (del 1955), e rende note, due fotografie che mostrano Compagnoni sulla cima del K2 appena raggiunta: sul volto porta ancora la maschera, collegata da un lungo tubo alle bombole di ossigeno, posate ai suoi piedi... Ecco, lampante e inequivocabile, la definitiva dimostrazione del falso sull'ossigeno.#Frasi sull'ossigeno#Frasi sulle cime
Frasi sulle cime
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Egli, poiché dubbio non v'era sul suo sesso, per quanto la foggia di quei tempi alquanto lo dissimulasse, stava prendendo a piattonate la testa di un moro, che dondolava appesa alle travi del soffitto. Aveva essa la tinta d'una vecchia palla di cuoio; e quasi ne avrebbe avuto la forma, se non fosse stato per il cavo delle guance, e i pochi capelli duri e aridi come barbe d'una noce di cocco. Il padre di Orlando, o forse il nonno, l'aveva spiccata dal busto del gigantesco Infedele che gli s'era parato davanti all'improvviso al chiaro di luna, nelle barbare distese africane, e ora essa oscillava dolcemente, incessantemente, alla brezza perenne che soffiava per le logge in cima alla vasta dimora del signore che aveva decapitato l'Infedele.#Frasi sulle cime#Frasi sulle guance
Il crocifisso è il segno del dolore umano. La corona di spine, i chiodi, evocano le sue sofferenze. La croce che pensiamo alta in cima al monte, è il segno della solitudine nella morte. Non conosco altri segni che diano con tanta forza il senso del nostro umano destino. Il crocifisso fa parte della storia del mondo.
Tutti gli -ismi si nutrono l'uno dell'altro, ma in cima alla catena alimentare rimane sempre il maschio bianco macho da corporation, forte come un bue. Non redimibile, per quanto mi riguarda. Voglio dire, il classismo viene determinato dal sessismo perché è il maschio a decidere se esistono o no tutti gli altri -ismi. La decisione spetta agli uomini. [...] Credo ancora che per definire con chiarezza tutti gli altri -ismi sia necessario far balzare agli occhi di tutti il sessismo. È quasi impossibile deprogrammare gli oppressori maschi incestuosamente radicati, soprattutto se sono cresciuti così in famiglia generazione dopo generazione.
Lo status della verità intesa in senso oggettivo, come corrispondenza ai fatti, con il suo ruolo di principio regolativo, può paragonarsi a quello di una cima montuosa, normalmente avvolta fra le nuvole. Uno scalatore può, non solo avere difficoltà a raggiungerla, ma anche non accorgersene quando vi giunge, poiché può non riuscire a distinguere, nelle nuvole, fra la vetta principale e un picco secondario. Questo tuttavia non mette in discussione l'esistenza oggettiva della vetta; e se lo scalatore dice "dubito di aver raggiunto la vera vetta", egli riconosce, implicitamente, l'esistenza oggettiva di questa.#Frasi sulle cime#Frasi sulle nuvole
È certo la primavera la stagione più triste dell'anno. Ondeggia, incespicante e trasognata tra la bianca severità dell'inverno e la focosa maestà dell'estate, come una "donzelletta" acerba che non è più vera bambina e non è ancora donna fatta. È ridotta, perciò, alle malfide risorse del doppio gioco. In certi giorni un baccanale di sole indora e accende tutte le cime e tutte le superfici, e un'improvvisa afosità simula ipocritamente la gialla offensiva del giugno. Ma poi, il giorno dopo, sipari di nuvolone seppiacee si calano sugli orizzonti come gramaglie, il vento settentrionale uggiola e morde, i piovaschi impazziscono in furori diluviali, i fiumi aprono brecce nelle ripe, sui monti si ammonta un'altra volta la neve, tardiva ed intempestiva, e le prime erbe dei prati, stupite e strapazzate, vorrebbero rientrare sotto la terra. Passata la furia boreale, tornano le giornate grigie e accidiose, con qualche golfo di azzurro che subito si richiude, le strade fradice e sudice, i muri bollati di gore umide, i fossi colmi d'acqua lotosa. Eppoi, in pochi meriggi, tutto s'asciuga, tutto s'infiamma, tutto arde, tutto si riscalda e ci s'accorge, con mortificante sorpresa, che la primavera è finita, senza aver potuto godere, meno che pochi istanti, le sue incantate e decantate meraviglie.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Uyumaya daha rahat olacağı zaman Hatay Öğrenci Escort spor salonuna gitmeyi seçin. Dokuzdan ayrılmanın daha rahat olacağı zaman onuncu temsilcisi yapmayı seçin. Vasat bir şey tüketmenin daha rahat olacağı durumlarda özel bir şey oluşturmayı seçin. Elinizi kaldırmayı seçin ve sessiz kalmanın daha rahat olacağı ekstra soruyu sorun. Yüzlerce küçük yolla, yüzüğe girip yaşamla güreşmek için cesaretiniz olduğunu kendinize kanıtlayın.
Zihinsel güç, günlük küçük zaferlerle inşa edilir. “Zihinsel güç” kaslarımızı oluşturan, günlük yaptığımız bireysel seçimlerdir. Hepimiz bu tür bir güç istiyoruz, ama ona giden yolu düşünemiyoruz. İsterseniz, ritüel olarak bu konuda bir şeyler yapmanız gerekir. Uzun vadede zihinsel gücünüzü kanıtlayan pozitif günlük ritüellerinizdir. Sonuç olarak, çoğu insan için işler zorlaştığında, daha rahat bir şeyler buluyorlar. Zihinsel olarak güçlü insanlar için işler zorlaştığında, olumlu günlük ritüelleri ile yolda kalmanın bir yolunu bulurlar.
Rahatsızlıkla iyi olmak için yeterince zihinsel güç oluşturma fikri göz korkutucu gelebilir, ama gerçekten değil. Her seferinde bir adım attığınızda nispeten kolaydır. Bu bir keşif Melek ve kendimizi bir delikten kazmaya ve hayatımızı tekrar yoluna koym
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�密封不严, 存在污染, 消费者可提出退货。若因用户开封后饮用时间较长发现绿藻, 则应从多方面查找问题。
安置饮水机的要求是: 通风、阴凉、避光。我们居住环境的空气中往往有微量的藻类孢子, 一旦这种孢子随空气进入桶内,只要有阳光照射就会产生光合作用,而生成藻类, 矿泉水中的矿物质又成了藻类的营养物质, 藻类在阳光的照射下就会迅速繁殖,于是桶内会出现绿藻。
避免绿藻生长的方法就是不让阳光照射矿泉水水桶,饮水使用期越短越好, 桶开启后最佳使用期为15天内。
4、消费者在饮用桶装矿泉水时应注意什么?
为有效地防止二次污染,除了生产企业必须按照国家标准严格实施外, 我们要提醒消费者为了自身的健康,在饮用桶装矿泉水时应注意做到以下几项:
（1）饮水机一定要放在阴凉避光的地方, 千万不能放在阳光直射的地方, 以免滋生绿藻。若实在有困难, 也应采取措施, 为水桶加罩避光桶套。
（2）打开的水桶秋冬季要在2-4 周内喝完, 春、夏季最好在15 天内喝完。
（3）用过的空水桶要放置在干净、避免日晒的地方, 不要往里面倒脏水、扔污物(如烟头之类) , 而造成矿泉水厂清洗、消毒困难。
（4）饮水机应定期用柠檬酸清洗消毒, 最好半年一次。
5、天然矿泉水怎样合理饮用？
合理的喝水时间可参考英国专家推荐的喝水时刻表（以都市白领为例）：
时间 用 量
6：30 起床时补充250毫升水，可帮助肾脏排泄及肝脏排毒，不要马上吃早晨，应等喝水半小时后，让水融入每个细胞参与新陈代谢后再进食。
8：30 到办公室后别急着泡咖啡，先给自己倒一杯水。
11：00 在空调房工作一段时间后，一定得趁起身活动的时候再给自己倒杯水。
12：50 午餐半小时后喝些水，不仅能增强消化功能，还有助于维持好身材。
15：00 用一杯矿泉水代替咖啡等饮料，既能补充水分，还能保持头脑清醒。
17：30 下班离开办公室前喝杯水。
22：00 睡前半小时至一小时喝点水，但不必喝太多，以免频繁起夜，影响睡眠质量。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Malzemeler
1adet mango
5-6 adet portakal ( 1 kg )
1 adet taze sıkılmış portakal suyu
1 kg toz şeker
1/2 limon suyu
2 adet portakal kabuğu rendesi
1 çay kaşığı limon tuzu
Tarifler
1-Mangonun kabuklarını soyun ve rendeleyin. Portakalların kabuklarını rendeleyin. 1 adet portakalın suyunu sıkın. Kalan portakalların zarlarını temizleyin. İnce dilimler halinde kesin.
2-Tencereye bir kat portakal dilimleri, bir kat şeker ve bir kat rendelenmiş mangoyu yerleştirin. Portakal suyu ve rendelenmiş portakal kabuğu rendesini koyun. Kısık ateşte pişirin.
3-Belli bir kıvama geldiğinde biriken köpükleri alın. En son limon suyu ve limon tuzunu koyun ve kaynatın. Soğumaya bırakın. Strelize edilmiş kavanozlara koyun.
4-Arzu ederseniz kıvam arttırıcı kullanabilirsiniz. Reçeliniz şekerlenmez ve küflenmez.
5-Reçelinizi Ekmek Yapma Makinasında da, reçel ayarında yapabilirsiniz. Ben yaptım çok güzel oldu.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Gum disease is often accompanied by soreness, swelling or infection of the tissues that support the teeth. The two forms of gum disease are – gingivitis and periodontal disease.
Gingivitis: Gingivitis is what we call inflammation of the gums. When this happens the gums around your teeth will become red and swollen. The swollen gums may bleed when you brush your teeth.
Periodontal Disease: If you have gingivitis for a long time, and it is untreated, then this may progress to periodontal disease. There are different kinds of periodontal disease that will affect the tissues supporting the teeth. When the disease gets worse, the bone anchoring the teeth in the jaw will start to be lost which in turn will make teeth loose. If left untreated then your teeth will eventually fall out or require to be taken out.
If you have gum disease in London, get in touch with our friendly team to schedule an appointment. Our dentists will provide the right course of personalised dental treatment that you need.
Causes of gum disease:
Gum disease is usually caused by plaque that builds up on the teeth. Plaque is a sticky substance that has bacteria in it and if left untreated, it will coat the teeth and give rise to gum disease
Some bacteria in plaque may not cause any harm but others are harmful to gum health. If plaque is not removed from the teeth through brushing and hygienist treatment it may build up and cause gum irritation leading to swelling, bleeding and soreness.
Receding gums occur when the gums are being pulled away from a tooth, exposing the root of the tooth. Your gum tissue does not regenerate in the same way as other tissues do. For this reason, receding gums will not grow back.
Can my gums grow back?
Brush teeth at least twice a day
Usea soft-bristled electric toothbrush for cleaning your teeth
Change your toothbrush or toothbrush head every three months.
Use a mouthwash for proper cleaning
See your dentist regularly for routine check ups
What can be done for my receding gums?
You can prevent gum recession by taking proper care of your mouth and teeth. Brush and floss teeth daily and see your periodontist once every six months to maintain good oral health. If you already have gum recession, your dentist may ask you to see more often.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>提起NBA超级巨星，大家都会想到詹姆斯、科比、奥尼尔、乔丹等等，今天要说的是一个被严重低估的超级巨星。
马努·吉诺比利，1977年7月28日出生于阿根廷布兰卡港一个意大利裔篮球运动员家庭。阿根廷职业篮球运动员，司职得分后卫，效力于NBA圣安东尼奥马刺队，球衣号码20号，身高1米98，体重93公斤。左手球员，善于蛇形突破和远射，是马刺队的最佳第六人，与蒂姆·邓肯和托尼·帕克组成“GDP三巨头。
08年奥运会新闻发布会上科比说“阿根廷是支靠防守取胜的球队,他们技术全面，打得顽强，而且对我们毫无畏惧。不过我们为他们准备了最强的进攻。我会防守马努（吉诺比利），他是世界上最好的两名顶级后卫之一，实力高过韦德”。
詹姆斯在一次输给马刺时评价吉诺比利：他是马刺队现在仍然立于强队之列的那个筹码。某西部教练说：我永远不会公开对大家说，但我真的认为，他比科比更强。波波维奇在某年吉诺比利落选全明星的时候，激动的说：我不知道全明星是如何评选的。我只知道和他对位的球员都非常的尊重他——虽然激动地波波维奇并不希望他多打比赛。科比每次对位马努的时候，进攻的时候都主动要球单打马努，当然，大多数情况下科比都会拿出属于他该有的甚至是超常的水平。防守的时候态度和防韦德没什么两样。
如果我说NBA得分后卫当中马努是超级巨星，你可能要跟我提韦德，提罗伊了。我真的不想为他争辩什么，事实上我看到的大部分喜欢吉诺比利的人很少去为他争这些东西。但是比性价比，我敢猖狂的说他是联盟分卫位置上的历史第一人。前两天看到某专家用数据说明马努在遇到强队的时候攻坚能力是最强的，超越了科比等人。
马努的球赛越来越少了，只希望他在最后的职业生涯中保持状态，让享受他比赛的球迷能多看几场。返回搜狐，查看更多<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>by Chuck Missler
There has been much controversy over the final 12 verses of the Gospel of Mark. Behind this dispute lies some astonishing discoveries of profound significance.
The oldest existing manuscripts of the Greek New Testament text are three that had their origins in Alexandria in the 4th and 5th centuries.1 Since they are the oldest (in our present possession), many regard them as having an eclipsing authority. There are a number of passages that do not appear in these Alexandrian manuscripts, and therein lies an intense ecclesiastical debate.
At the end of the 3rd century, Lucian of Antioch compiled a Greek text that achieved considerable popularity and became the dominant text throughout Christendom. It was produced prior to the Diocletain persecution (~303), during which many copies of the New Testament were confiscated and destroyed.
After Constantine came to power, the Lucian text was propagated by bishops going out from the Antiochan school throughout the eastern world, and it soon became the standard text of the Eastern church, forming the basis of the Byzantine text.
From the 6th to the 14th century, the great majority of New Testament manuscripts were produced in Byzantium, in Greek. It was in 1525 that Erasmus, using five or six Byzantine manuscripts dating from the 10th to the 13th centuries, compiled the first Greek text to be produced on a printing press, subsequently known as Textus Receptus (“Received Text”).
The translators of the King James Version had over 5,000 manuscripts available to them, but they leaned most heavily on the major Byzantine manuscripts, particularly Textus Receptus.
Textus Receptus Dethroned
Brooke Foss Westcott and Fenton John Anthony Hort were Anglican churchmen who had contempt for the Textus Receptus and began a work in 1853 that resulted, after 28 years, in a Greek New Testament based on the earlier Alexandrian manuscripts.
Both men were strongly influenced by Origen and others who denied the deity of Jesus Christ and embraced the prevalent Gnostic heresies of the period. There are over 3,000 contradictions in the four gospels alone between these manuscripts. They deviated from the traditional Greek text in 8,413 places.
They conspired to influence the committee that produced The New Testament in the Original Greek (1881 revision), and, thus, their work has been a major influence in most modern translations, dethroning the Textus Receptus.
Detractors of the traditional King James Version regard the Westcott and Hort as a more academically acceptable literary source for guidance than the venerated Textus Receptus. They argue that the disputed passages were added later as scribal errors or amendments.
Defenders of the Textus Receptus attack Westcott and Hort (and the Alexandrian manuscripts) as having expurgated these many passages, noting that these disputed passages underscore the deity of Christ, His atonement, His resurrection, and other key doctrines. They note that Alexandria was a major headquarters for the Gnostics, heretical sects that had begun to emerge even while John was still alive.2
(It is also evident that Westcott and Hort were not believers and opposed taking the Bible literally concerning the Atonement, Salvation, etc. If you read their personal writings you wouldn’t dream of letting them lead your Sunday School class!)3
The Last 12 Verses of Mark
Among the disputed passages are the final verses of the Gospel of Mark (16:9-20). (Look in your own Bible: you are likely to find an annotation that these were “added later.”)
The insistence that Mark’s Gospel ends at 16:8 leaves the women afraid and fails to record the resurrection, Christ’s final instructions, and the Ascension. It is understandable why these verses are an embarrassment to the Gnostics, and why Westcott and Hort would advocate their exclusion, and insist that they were “added later.”
However, it seems that Irenaeus in 150 A.D., and also Hypolytus in the 2nd century, each quote from these disputed verses, so the documentary evidence is that they were deleted later in the Alexandrian texts, not added subsequently.)
But there is even more astonishing evidence for their original inclusion that is also profoundly instructive for broader reasons.
The Fingerprints of the Author
Let’s examine these verses and explore their underlying design. Just as we encounter fingerprint or retinal scanners to verify an identity in today’s technological environment, it seems that there is an astonishingly equivalent “fingerprint” hidden beneath the Biblical text that is still visible despite the veil of the centuries.
(Fasten your seat belts!)
The Heptadic Structure of Scripture
Everyone who explores their Bible quickly discovers the pervasiveness of Seven: there are over 600 explicit occurrences of “sevens” throughout both the Old and New Testaments. As many of our readers are aware, there are also prevalent evidences of design hidden behind the text.4 The “Heptadic” (sevenfold) structure of Biblical text is one of the remarkable characteristics of its authenticity. What about these disputed 12 verses?
There are 175 (7 x 25) words in the Greek text of Mark 16:9-20. Curious. These words use a total vocabulary of 98 different words (7 x 14), also an exact multiple of seven. That’s also rather striking.
Try constructing a passage in which both the number of words and the number of letters are precisely divisible by seven (with no remainder)! The random chance of a number being precisely divisible by 7 is one chance in seven. In seven tries, there will be an average of six failures.
The chance of two numbers both being divisible by 7 exactly is one in 72, or one in 49. (This is a convenient simplification; some mathematical statisticians would argue the chance is one in 91.5 ) This still might be viewed as an accidental occurrence, or the casual contrivance of a clever scribe. But let’s look further. The number of letters in this passage is 553, also a precise multiple of seven (7 x 79). This is getting a bit more tricky. The chance of three numbers accidentally being precisely divisible by seven is one in 73, or one in 343. This increasingly appears to be suspiciously deliberate.
In fact, the number of vowels is 294 (7 x 42); and the number of consonants is 259 (7 x 37). Do you sense that someone has gone through a lot of trouble to hide a design or signature behind this text?
As we examine the vocabulary of those 98 (7 x 14) words: 84 (7 x 12) are found before in Mark; 14 (7 x 2) are found only here. 42 (7 x 6) are found in the Lord’s address (vv.15-18); 56 (7 x 8) are not part of His vocabulary here.
This is, conspicuously, not random chance at work, but highly skillful design. But just how skillful?
With 10 such heptadic features, it would take 710, or 282,475,249 attempts for these to occur by chance alone. How long would it take the composer to redraft an alternative attempt to obtain the result he was looking for? If he could accomplish an attempt in only 10 minutes, working 8 hours a day, 40 hours a week, 50 weeks a year, these would take him over 23,540 years!
But there’s more. The total word forms in the passage are 133 (7 x 19). 112 of them (7 x 16) occur only once, leaving 21 (7 x 3) of them occurring more than once; in fact, these occur 63 (7 x 9) times.
If we examine more closely the 175 words (7x 25), we discover that 56 (7 x 8) words appear in the address of the Lord and 119 (7 x 17) appear in the rest of the passage.
The natural divisions of the passage would be the appearance to Mary, verses 9-11; His subsequent appearances, verses 12-14; Christ’s discourse, verses 15-18; and the conclusion in verses 19-20. We discover that verses 9-11 involve 35 words (7 x 5). Verses 12-18, 105 (7 x 15) words; verse 12, 14 (7 x 2) words; verses 13-15, 35 (7 x 5) words; verses 16-18, 56 (7 x 8) words. The conclusion, verses 19-20, contains 35 (7 x 5) words.
It gets worse. Greek, like Hebrew, has assigned numerical values to each letter of its alphabet. Thus, each word also has a numerical (“gematrical”) value.
The total numerical value of the passage is 103,656 (7 x 14,808). The value of v.9 is 11,795 (7 x 1,685); v.10 is 5,418 (7 x 774); v.11 is 11,795 (7 x 1,685); vv.12-20, 86,450 (7 x 12,350
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- iki hafta boyunca yasaklanma;
İçin 3 uyarısı yorumlarda arkadaşı- Sonsuza dek yasakla.
Bir denetleyiciye veya yöneticiye bir uyarı verdikten sonra kaba bir şekilde cevap verilmesi, ebedi bir yasak gerektirir.
"Yasak" terimi, sitenin görüntülenebileceği anlamına gelir ancak hesabınıza giriş yapıp yorum bırakamazsınız.
Eğer cezanın haksız bir şekilde uygulandığını düşünüyorsanız, sitenin idaresine yazılı olarak bir uyarı veya yasak konulabilir. Yorumunuzu siteden sildikten sonra bile, arşivde kalır ve dilerseniz görüntüleyebilirsiniz.
Birbirimize ve sizin ve diğer okuyucuların sohbet etmeye ve düşüncelerini ifade etmeye geldikleri siteye saygı duyalım.
Site yönetimi, bildirim ve açıklama yapmadan bu gereksinimleri karşılamayan yorumları veya yorumların bir kısmını silme hakkını saklı tutar.
Kullanıcının Rusya Federasyonu'nun yürürlükteki mevzuatını ihlal etmesi durumunda, Site Yönetimi, iletişim bilgilerini ve diğer bilgileri bir talep temelinde ilgili taraflara aktarma hakkını kullanmak zorunda kalacaktır.
Site Yönetimi, herhangi bir sebep göstermeksizin, Site'nin hem bir bütün olarak hem de bireysel kullanıcılar için kullanımına herhangi bir kısıtlama getirme hakkını saklı tutar.
Site Yönetimi, Kullanıcıya önceden bildirimde bulunmaksızın Siteyi veya bir kısmını kapatma, askıya alma, değiştirme hakkını saklı tutar.
Site Yönetimi, teknik kaynaklar üzerinde gerekli planlanmış önleyici ve onarım çalışmalarını yürütmek için Kullanıcının Siteye erişimini askıya alma hakkına sahiptir.
Okuyucular tarafından gönderilen materyaller (makaleler) sebep gösterilmeksizin reddedilebilir.
Site, IP adreslerini, çerezleri ve site kullanıcılarının coğrafi konum verilerini kullanır, kullanım şartları gizlilik politikası.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Le parole del Procuratore Salvi - "Riteniamo che almeno 5 partite, forse 6, siano state truccate attraverso il pagamento di somme di denaro. Naturalmente lavoriamo anche sull'ipotesi che questo abbia delle implicazioni sulle scommesse clandestine. Infatti sono stati anche segnalati degli improvvisi sbalzi nelle quotazioni che possono indicare operazioni anomale derivanti dalla conoscenza e dalla consapevolezza che il risultato sarebbe stato già noto". Lo ha affermato il Procuratore della Repubblica Giovanni Salvi a Catania durante la conferenza stampa sugli arresti che hanno coinvolto, tra gli altri, i vertici del Calcio Catania. L'operazione è stata denominata "I treni del gol". Antonio Pulvirenti era "il magistrato", "l'udienza" o "la causa" era invece il modo in cui veniva indicato al telefono l'incontro da truccare grazie "al treno", vale a dire il calciatore che si sarebbe prestato alla truffa. Dalle intercettazioni dell'inchiesta della Polizia che ha portato agli arresti dei dirigenti del Catania, emerge il linguaggio utilizzato dagli indagati per parlare delle partite da comprare. Un linguaggio studiato nei minimi dettagli tanto che Pulvirenti e gli altri, quando dovevano discutere tra loro del prezzo per corrompere i calciatori, usavano la formula "tariffa o parcella dell'avvocato", mentre per indicare il numero di maglia del giocatore che era stato agganciato usavano la frase "l'orario del treno o il binario".
L'ipotesi di "associazione a delinquere" - Secondo l'accusa vi sono dunque "importanti elementi" che sostengono l'esistenza di un'associazione per delinquere con una struttura "organizzativa stabile" in cui ognuno aveva il suo ruolo, finalizzata "a realizzare una serie indeterminata di delitti di frode in competizioni sportive e di truffe". L'origine dell'associazione, secondo gli investigatori, risale a marzo 2015 dopo la sconfitta subita dal Catania in casa contro la Virtus Entella; sconfitta che aveva portato gli etnei in piena zona retrocessione. A quel punto i vertici della società, il presidente Pulvirenti, il direttore sportivo Delli Carri e l'ad Cosentino, si sarebbero attivati, prendendo contatti con gli altri indagati, per far vincere il Catania. L'indagine avrebbe inoltre accertato che il gruppo aveva "consistenti risorse economiche" messe a disposizione dall'agente di scommesse on line Impellizzeri. Ad avvicinare i calciatori ritenuti disposti a vendere le proprie prestazioni ci pensava invece il procuratore e agente Fifa Arbotti, che vantava "contatti e rapporti di conoscenza" nell'ambiente.
Inchiesta nata dalle paure di Pulvirenti - "L'inchiesta nasce dal fatto che il presidente del Catania Calcio Pulvirenti era pressato dai tifosi e temeva anche per la sua incolumità; per questo motivo si è rivolto alla Procura - ha spiegato ancora Salvi - Le indagini hanno poi preso un filone diverso che ci ha portato a questo risultato, cioè all'individuazione di cinque partite, quasi tutte consecutive, che sono state comprate con i risultati in favore del Catania".
Dopo la salvezza si puntava ai playoff - "Durante le indagini è emerso che l'organizzazione criminosa nata per salvare il Catania, una volta raggiunto l'obiettivo, si era spinta addirittura nel cercare la qualificazione ai play off e successivamente nel combinare risultati per scommesse sicure, fino a raggiungere poste che raggiungevano anche 15 volte la puntata stessa". Lo ha detto e spiegato in conferenza stampa a Catania il Questore Marcello Cardona.
Pulvirenti si difende - "Estraneo" alle accuse contestate e "certo di potere dimostrare la totale estraneità ai fatti". E' la posizione del presidente del Catania, Antonino Puvirenti, che attraverso il suo avvocato, il professore Giovanni Grasso, esprime "massima fiducia nella magistratura". "Abbiamo la massima fiducia nella magistratura catanese - afferma ancora l'avvocato - il presidente è certo di poter dimostrare la sua totale estraneità ai fatti. Il presidente - annuncia il legale - intende prendere delle decisioni immediate sul suo ruolo nella Società Calcio Catania spa, al fine di potersi difendere con la massima serenità e di salvaguardare gli interessi della società sportiva".
Le partite oggetto d'inchiesta - Le partite del Catania nell'occhio del ciclone sono le ultime otto del campionato di Serie B. Ma solo per cinque di queste gli inquirenti ritengono di avere trovato riscontri oggettivi della corruzione dei giocatori:
Varese-Catania 0-3 del 2 aprile 2015
Catania-Trapani 4-1 del 11 aprile 2015
Latina-Catania 1-2 del 19 aprile 2015
Catania-Ternana 2-0 del 24 aprile 2015
Catania-Livorno 1-1 del 2 maggio 2015
Come venivano accomodate le partite - Dall'ordinanza firmata dal gip Fabio Di Giacomo, emerge che il Catania, tramite Giovanni Impellizzeri, un agente di scommesse che è tra i 7 arrestati e che avrebbe agito come finanziatore, avrebbe pagato da dieci a ventimila euro a ciascun giocatore corrotto per ogni singola partita truccata. Le somme versate da Impellizzeri sarebbero poi rientrate con le scommesse sulle gare il cui risultato era stato già "sistemato" e sulle quali si puntava quindi a colpo sicuro. Il tramite con i giocatori sarebbe stato il procuratore calcistico Fernando Arbotti, pure lui arrestato, che avrebbe consegnato somme che vertevano sui diecimila euro a ciascun giocatore per ogni singola partita.
Gli altri indagati - Tra gli indagati nell'operazione "I treni del gol" vi sono anche il proprietario ed il direttore sportivo del Messina calcio Pietro Lo Monaco e Fabrizio Ferrigno, l'ad del Messina Calcio Alessandro Failla, il calciatore del Livorno Alessandro Bernardini, del Varese Riccardo Fiamozzi, del Trapani Luca Pagliarulo e Matteo Bruscaggin.
L'inchiesta è coordinata dalla Direzione distrettuale antimafia (Dda) di Catania. I dirigenti arrestati sono accusati, a vario titolo, di frode in competizioni sportive e truffa: avrebbero comprato le partite alterando così i risultati degli incontri della squadra e l'esito stesso del campionato. Perquisizioni da parte della Polizia anche a Roma, Chieti, Campobasso e Catania nell'ambito dell'indagine nei confronti di alcuni dirigenti siciliani.L'uscita dalla questura di Catania del presidente Pulvirenti.
Posted by Sicra Produzioni Giornalistiche on Martedì 23 giugno 2015
Si muove la giustizia sportiva - Il capo della procura della Figc, Stefano Palazzi, ha aperto un procedimento sul caso Catania, che ha portato oggi all'arresto del presidente Pulvirenti per presunta compravendita di partite del campionato di Serie B. Palazzi ha chiesto alla Procura della città siciliana gli atti dell'inchiesta.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>It may surprise you to learn that not all hardwoods are hard and not all softwoods are softer than hardwoods. This may seem confusing until you realise that whether a wood is a softwood or a hardwood is not actually determined by how dense the material is; it is actually determined by plant production.
All hardwood trees are angiosperms. This means that they produce seeds which have a protective covering such as fruit or a seed with a shell.
Trees which are softwood are called gymnosperms and they are determined as having seeds which do not have any sort of protective covering whatsoever. Most people believe that a hardwood will be more dense than a softwood and, although this is often the case, it is not always a true statement. For instance, there is a wood known as balsa wood which is one of the lightest woods around. It is highly pliable and is one of the lowest density woods available, but, it is still considered to be a hardwood because it comes from an angiosperm tree.
Both hardwood and softwood can be used in the construction of furniture. Softwood timbers are generally used at the cheaper end of the market as it is much less expensive to produce. Softwoods such as cedar, pine and redwood are often used to produce cheap readily available furniture. Softwood may be cheaper but it is much inferior in quality when compared with hardwood furniture. Some of the most popular hardwood timbers for making wood furniture include oak, ash, acacia, mango and mahogany.
Hardwood timbers are generally accepted as being the highest quality wood and thus are more expensive than their softwood counterparts. This may put some people off buying hardwood furniture but if they really thought about it they would realise that buying hardwood furniture is a great investment as the hardwood furniture could easily last them a lifetime, whereas softwood furniture has a less impressive shelf life. Although softwood furniture offers excellent value when purchased, it will certainly not last as long as a hardwood such as oak.
Softwood furniture is much less durable than their hardwood counterparts and, unfortunately, this means that they need much more care in the home. It is very easy to accidentally scratch or make dents in softwood furniture which could be irreparable. Softwood furniture also tends to have less attractive markings and so they do not stain as well as hardwood and, therefore, look a lot less attractive in the home. Hardwood furniture is very much less likely to dent or warp and is highly attractive in any home. Oak furniture and mango furniture in particular give the home an expensive looking finish when compared to pine furniture, which is probably the most popular softwood used. The grain in a high quality piece of hardwood is highly attractive and when finished with natural oil, stain or beeswax looks very attractive and brings a classy look to any household.
Hardwood and softwood furniture today can both be bought very easily from online furniture retailers. This means you can browse many pieces of hardwood and softwood furniture without leaving your home. We also have a guide to online furniture retailers.
As well as this article we also have articles providing information on Oak furniture, Ash furniture, Birch furniture, Pine Furniture, and Indian Furniture. If you like these articles you may also find our article on the characteristics of hardwood furniture article invaluable.
If you already have a range of hardwood furniture in your home, our articles on treating hardwood furniture, repairing hardwood furniture, joinery and specifically dove tailed joints will help you get the most out of your furniture, and spot quality when shopping in furniture.
Other articles on offer at Oak Furniture Land include our rustic furniture, teak furniture, wood and hardwood furniture, classic traditional furniture and contemporary modern furniture will also help you differentiate between the different styles of hardwood furniture available.
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There is no limit on the amount of items that can be added to your basket for the £39 charge, this is per order and not per item.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The Illinois Department of Public Health is investigating nine recent cases of acute flaccid myelitis, also called AFM, according to a statement Wednesday .
All of the cases are in patients younger than 18 and have been clinically diagnosed by health care providers, the statement said. State health officials are working with the care providers to obtain the samples and information to send to the US Centers for Disease and Prevention for testing and confirmation of the diagnoses.
"The CDC will make the final determination on diagnoses and numbers are subject to change," the statement said.
All of the patients are "from northern Illinois," according to the health department, but no other location information was provided.
Since 2015, when Illinois began monitoring reports of AFM in the state, four confirmed cases have been identified.
AFM is a polio-like illness that affects a person's nervous system, including the spinal cord. Symptoms can include sudden limb weakness, loss of muscle tone and reflexes, facial and eyelid drooping, facial weakness, difficulty moving the eyes, swallowing difficulty or slurred speech, according to the CDC .
The rare condition can be caused by a virus, a genetic disorder and environmental toxins.
There is no treatment other than managing each patient's symptoms.
Dr. Rachel Herlihy, the Colorado state epidemiologist, said the best prevention is frequent handwashing and keeping kids home when they are sick.
On Tuesday, the Colorado Department of Health said it has confirmed 14 cases there this year. All of the patients are children who have needed to be hospitalized, the department said, noting that "nearly all have fully recovered."
"The state health department has been monitoring this situation closely since early spring. In addition to investigating the outbreak, the state health department has issued alerts to health care providers on how to test for the viruses and enhanced guidance to child care centers on infection prevention," the department said in a statement.
The type of viruses found in 12 of the Colorado cases, enterovirus, typically increases in summer and fall and is common, the state department of health said. However, 11 of the Colorado cases of AFM have tested positive for EV A71, a rare type of enterovirus not usually seen in the US, rather in Asia and other parts of the world, according to Herlihy. "This is certainly the largest outbreak of enterovirus A71 we've seen in Colorado."
She referred to these 11 cases as an outbreak within an outbreak. "We have 41 cases of children who have had some sort of illness of enterovirus A71, which is causing a wide spectrum of neurological illness."
In previous years, cases of AFM in Colorado and elsewhere have been positive for a different enterovirus, EV-D68.
On Friday, the Minnesota Department of Health said it was investigating six cases of AFM in children over the past few weeks but did not identify what virus or other cause may have led to the illnesses.
As of September 30, according to the CDC , 38 cases of AFM have been confirmed in 16 states. This does not include all of the 14 cases announced by Colorado, as some of those cases were confirmed after September 30. It also does not include the cases in Minnesota or Illinois, as they are not confirmed.
Since August 2014, when the CDC began tracking the illness more closely, the agency has reported 362 cases.
In 2017, 33 cases were reported in 16 states. One hundred forty-nine cases were reported in 39 states in 2016 and 22 cases in 17 states in 2015.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Korozyon, sıhhi tesisatın “sessiz katili” olarak kabul edilir. Ev sahiplerinin korozyonun oluşturabileceği tehlikeleri ve sonuçlarını anlamaları çok önemlidir. Boru korozyonunun yaygın nedenlerini, bunu nasıl anlayabileceğinizi ve
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其净收入增长2.1％，其中0.9％来自烟草产品，1.2％来自下一代产品（NGP），如电子烟。
帝国品牌公司指出：“在未来一年，我们预计货币收入持续增长将达到或超过1-4％的收入增长范围的上限，这主要得益于烟草的持续增长和下一代产品收入的加速。”
该公司宣布计划在明年上半年对电子烟品牌blu再投资1亿英镑。这可能会导致上半年调整后的营业利润略低，但在下半年会予以抵消。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>在最后一分钟我们决定去看望儿子哥伦布。 没有人有太多的钱,而且我们都只是真的想放松的话。 所以我儿子的普通人的选择,这里离他家很近,价格合理,食物也很美味! 我的女儿和她的家人决定加入我们也很好。 我们坐在露台上的女服务员非常棒,她非常的博学和我给她拿了一个月大的女儿,所以这里的服务生很热情。 似乎不知道我们在那里坐了两个半小时的谈话和和公正的闲逛。 太令人放松了我们会再次这样做。
去了一个运动酒吧第一次因为你点烤干酪辣味玉米片 - 很好,这是典型的不错的酒吧食物。 不幸的是在普通joes就很一般了。
环境很好,有很多的电视。 游泳池和各种趣事 - 避免第一个摊位前左边的门里面2 - 你会得到一个令人头痛的篮球从hoop撞到旁边的摊位。
这里值得再去一个小缝的食物 - 还有什么比烤干酪辣味玉米片? 希望这里的汉堡 - 但我想我会尝试一下烤奶酪。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>به گزارش خبرنگاران به نقل از سندیکای بیمه گران ایران، امیر باقری امروز (چهارشنبه) در نشست شورای عمومی سندیکای بیمه گران ایران و در جمع مدیران عامل شرکت های بیمه کشور با اشاره به لزوم ارتباط بیشتر صنعت بیمه با دولت در زمان تدوین برنامه های توسعه اقتصادی و فصل بودجه ریزی، گفت: وجود کمیسیون ها و کارگروه های تخصصی متشکل از مدیران و کارشناسان فنی شرکت های بیمه نشان می دهد سندیکای بیمه ساختاری قوی دارد و می تواند پیشنهادات خوبی برای پیشرفت صنعت بیمه کشور داشته باشد.
معاون بانک، بیمه و شرکت های دولتی وزارت اموراقتصادی و دارایی با اشاره به سوابق خود در سازمان برنامه و بودجه و حضورش در تدوین سه دوره قانون برنامه توسعه کشور اضافه کرد: متاسفانه صنعت بیمه در زمان نگارش برنامه های توسعه و یا تدوین لایحه بودجه سالانه حضور قوی ندارد، در حالی که بانک ها نظرات خود را مطرح می نمایند ولی وقتی به فصل بیمه کشور می رسیم مسائل قابل توجهی مطرح نیست.
باقری با بیان اینکه هنوز صنعت بیمه با دولت ارتباط خوبی برقرار نکرده است، توضیح داد: بیمه بخشی است که باری بر دوش دولت نبوده و شاید از آن ناشی می گردد که می تواند مسائل خود را درون صنعت حل نماید اما به نظرم باید راهکارهای تقویت ارتباط دولت و صنعت بیمه آنالیز گردد و تعامل بیشتری صورت گیرد.
وی از مدیران عامل شرکت های بیمه خواست که موضوعات مطرح گردیده در این جلسه را در قالب برنامه به دولت و معاونت بیمه وزارت امور اقتصادی و دارایی ارائه دهند و گفت: با توجه به وضعیت اقتصادی کشور باید حل مسائل را جدی تر پیگیری کرد و برنامه آینده حرکت صنعت بیمه را تعیین کرد.
معاون وزیر اقتصاد گفت: البته در مسیر توسعه صنعت بیمه باید از ظرفیت استارتآپ ها و جوانان استفاده گردد و ما به عنوان وزارت اقتصاد مشتاق همکاری و یاری هستیم ولی شرکت های بیمه توجه داشته باشند باید دلیل محکمی درباره برنامه ای که برای آینده ارائه می دهند نیز وجود داشته باشد.
باقری تاکید نمود که باید تعیین گردد که در آینده، صنعت بیمه می خواهد چه کارهایی انجام دهد و اضافه کرد: باید شرکت های بیمه برنامه های خود را برای آینده و در شرایط بحران اقتصادی کشور و راه چاره های خروج از آن اعلام نمایند.
وی اضافه کرد: وجود کمیسیون ها و کارگروه های تخصصی متشکل از مدیران و کارشناسان فنی شرکت های بیمه نشان می دهد سندیکای بیمه ساختاری قوی دارد و می تواند پیشنهادات خوبی برای پیشرفت صنعت بیمه کشور داشته باشد.منبع: خبرگزاری مهر<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Netflix’in neden Galaxy S10’unda durmaya devam ettiğini merak ediyor musunuz? Bu makale size bunun neden olduğu konusunda kesin bir cevap veremese de, önerilerimizden biri kesinlikle yardımcı olacaktır. Aşağıdaki çözümlerimizi izleyerek neler yapabileceğinizi öğrenin.
Devam etmeden önce, size kendi #Android sorununuza çözüm arıyorsanız, bu sayfanın altındaki bağlantıyı kullanarak bizimle iletişime geçebileceğinizi hatırlatmak isteriz. Sorununuzu tarif ederken, lütfen ilgili çözümü kolayca bulabilmemiz için olabildiğince ayrıntılı olun. Yapabiliyorsanız, lütfen bize nereden başlayacağınız konusunda bir fikir vereceğiniz kesin hata mesajlarını ekleyin. Bize e-posta göndermeden önce bazı sorun giderme adımlarını denediyseniz, bunlardan bahsettiğinizden emin olun, böylece cevaplarımızda atlayabilirsiniz.
Netflix durmaya devam ederse ne yapmalı | Netflix için düzeltme çökmeye devam ediyor veya Netflix durdu
Netflix uygulaması, oradaki sağlam uygulamalardan biridir. Ancak yine de hıçkırık çekebilir. Netflix son zamanlarda durmaya devam ederse ve nereden başlayacağınızı bilmiyorsanız, aşağıdaki önerilerimizi izleyin.
Netflix, 1 numaralı hatayı durdurmaya devam ediyor: Zorla Netflix uygulamasından çıkıldı
Belirli bir uygulama ile ilgili her sorun için, yapmanız gereken temel sorun giderme adımlarından biri, uygulamayı zorla bırakmanızı sağlamaktır. Bunu yapmak bazen bir süre boyunca bir cihaz çalıştıktan sonra gelişen geçici hatalardan kurtulun. İşte böyle yapılır:
Bir uygulamayı yeniden başlatmanın iki yolu vardır. İşte nasıl:
- Ekranınızda, Son Uygulamalar ekran tuşuna dokunun (Giriş düğmesinin solunda üç dikey çizgiye sahip olan) .En Son Uygulamalar ekranı göründüğünde, Instagram uygulamasını aramak için sola veya sağa kaydırın. Daha önce çalıştırmayı başardıysa burada olmalı. Ardından, kapatmak için uygulamayı yukarı kaydırın. Bu, onu zorlamaya zorlamalıdır. Orada değilse, tüm uygulamaları da yeniden başlatmak için Tümünü Kapat uygulamasına dokunun.
Bir uygulamayı kapatmaya zorlamanın başka bir yolu şudur:
- Ayarlar uygulamasını açın.Tap Uygulamaları .Daha fazla ayar simgesine dokunun (üç nokta simgesi, sağ üst).
Netflix 2 numaralı hatayı durdurmaya devam ediyor: Yumuşak sıfırlama gerçekleştirin
Bir uygulamayı bırakma kuvveti ile birlikte cihazı yeniden başlatıyor. Bu genellikle yukarıdaki ilk öneriyi izler. Bu durumda, soft reset olarak adlandırılan özel bir yeniden başlatma işlemi yapmanız gerekir. Bu RAM’in temizlenmesine ve sistemin genel olarak yenilenmesine yardımcı olur. Sorunun nedeninin işletim sisteminin geçerli oturumuyla ilişkili bir hatadan kaynaklanıyor olması yararlı olabilir. Yazılım sıfırlama işlemi gerçekleştirmek için aşağıdaki adımları izleyin:
- Güç + Sesi Kısma düğmelerini yaklaşık 12 saniye veya aygıtın gücü dönene kadar basılı tutun. Not: Bakım Önyükleme Modu ekranının görünmesi için birkaç saniye bekleyin. Bakım Önyükleme Modu ekranından Normal Önyükleme’yi seçin. Not: Mevcut seçenekler arasında dolaşmak için ses seviyesi düğmelerini ve seçmek için sol alt tuşu (ses seviyesi düğmelerinin altında) kullanın. Sıfırlamanın tamamlanması için 90 saniye bekleyin. Bakım Önyükleme Modu ekranı görünmüyorsa, cihazınızda bulunmuyor demektir. Cihazın tamamen kapanmasını bekleyin.
Netflix, hata düzeltmeyi durdurmaya devam ediyor # 3: Farklı ağ türüne geç
Netflix, wifi gibi belirli bir bağlantı türünü kullanırken her zaman hatanın durmasını sağlarsa, arkasında bir ağ hatası olabilir. Ne olacağını görmek için mobil verilere geçmeyi düşünün. Çoğu zaman mobil veri kullanıyorsanız, fark olup olmadığını görmek için wifi seçeneğine geçmeyi deneyin.
Netflix, 4 numaralı hata düzeltmeyi durdurmaya devam ediyor: Netflix’i Güncelle
Şu anda Netflix için uygun bir güncelleme varsa, sorunu çözüp çözmeyeceğini görmek için kurduğunuzdan emin olun. Varsayılan olarak, uygulamalarınız için uygun bir güncelleme varsa Galaxy S10’unuz sizi otomatik olarak bilgilendirmelidir, ancak böyle bir bildirim yoksa, Google Play Store altında manuel olarak kontrol edebilirsiniz. Hata yapma olasılığını azaltmak için diğer uygulamaları da güncellediğinizden emin olun.
Netflix # 5 numaralı hatayı durdurmaya devam ediyor: Güncelleştirmeleri kaldır
Netflix için güncelleme yüklendikten sonra sorunun ortaya çıkması durumunda, bunun tersini yapmanız gerekir. Uygulama Bilgisi altında Netflix güncellemelerini kaldırmak için kullanabileceğiniz hiçbir seçenek yoktur, bu nedenle uygulamayı sıfırlamanız veya yeniden yüklemeniz gerekir. Bir hatanın bir güncellemeden kaynaklanıp kaynaklanmadığını belirlemek genellikle zordur, bu yüzden bunu acele etmemenizi öneririz. Netflix uygulamanızdaki problemin kötü kodlamadan kaynaklanıp kaynaklanmadığını belirlemenize yardımcı olacak doğrudan bir araç yoktur. Hangi çözümlerin yardımcı olacağını bilmek için aşağıdaki diğer sorun giderme adımlarını gerçekleştirmeye çalışın.
Netflix, 6 numaralı hata düzeltmeyi durdurmaya devam ediyor: Netflix uygulamasının önbelleğini temizleme
Bir uygulamanın önbelleğini temizlemek, doğrudan bir uygulama sorunuyla ilgilenmenin başka bir yoludur. İşte böyle yapılır:
- Ayarlar uygulamasını açın.Tap Uygulamaları .Daha fazla ayar simgesine dokunun (üç-nokta simgesi, sağ üst) .Tap Sistem uygulamalarını göster.
Netflix, 7 numaralı hatayı durdurmaya devam ediyor: Uygulamayı sıfırla
Bir Facebook Messenger uygulaması sorunuyla başa çıkmanın başka bir yolu, tüm ayarlarını varsayılan ayarlara sıfırlamaktır. Bu, verileri temizleyerek yapılır. Bunu yapmak için şu adımları izleyin:
- Ayarlar uygulamasını açın.Tap Uygulamaları .Daha fazla ayar simgesine dokunun (üç nokta simgesi, sağ üst) .Tap Sistem uygulamalarını göster.
Netflix # 8 numaralı hatayı durdurmaya devam ediyor: Hileli uygulamaları kontrol et
Netflix’in durmaya devam etmesinin olası nedenlerinden biri başka bir uygulama olabilir. Kısa süre önce, hata oluşmadan hemen önce başka bir üçüncü taraf uygulaması yüklediyseniz, bu uygulamayı silmeyi deneyin. Üçüncü taraf uygulamasını sildikten sonra hiçbir şey olmuyorsa, cihazı güvenli modda önyükleyebilirsiniz. S10’unuz güvenli modda başlatıldığında, tüm üçüncü taraf uygulamaların çalışması engellenir. Netflix uygulamanız önceden yüklenmiş uygulamaların bir parçasıysa, bu aslında yazılımla birlikte gelen uygulamalardan biriyse, bu sorun giderme işlemi yardımcı olabilir. Tek yapmanız gereken, güvenli modda çalışırken cihazı gözlemlemek ve Netflix’i oynatmak. Çarpma olmadan çalışıyorsa, o zaman kendinize bir üçüncü şahıs problemi yaşarsınız.
S10’unuzu güvenli modda başlatmak için:
- Güç kapalı penceresi görünene kadar Güç düğmesini basılı tutun ve ardından serbest bırakın. Güvenli mod istemi görüntülenene kadar Kapat ve basılı tutun. Onaylamak için Güvenli mod seçeneğine dokunun. İşlemin tamamlanması 30 saniye sürebilir. Yeniden başlatma, Ana ekranın sol altında “Güvenli mod” belirir.
Üçüncü taraf uygulamaların bu modda devre dışı bırakıldığını, bu nedenle kullanabileceğinizlerin önceden yüklenmiş uygulamalar olduğunu unutmayın. Dokunmatik ekran sorunu güvenli modda görünmezse, bu sorunun kötü bir uygulamadan kaynaklandığı anlamına gelir. En son yüklediğiniz uygulamayı kaldırın ve düzeltip düzeltmeyeceğini görün. Sorun devam ederse, hileli uygulamayı belirlemek için eleme işlemini kullanın. İşte nasıl:
- Güvenli moda önyükleyin. Sorunu denetleyin. Üçüncü taraf bir uygulamanın suçlu olduğunu onayladığınızda, uygulamaları tek tek kaldırmaya başlayabilirsiniz. En son eklediklerinizle başlamanızı öneririz. Bir uygulamayı kaldırdıktan sonra, telefonu normal moda yeniden başlatın ve sorunu kontrol edin.
Netflix # 9 numaralı hatayı durdurmaya devam ediyor: Önbellek bölümünü temizle
Android, uygulamaları hızlı bir şekilde yüklemek için önbellek bölümünde depolanan bir sistem önbelleği kullanır. Bazen bu önbellek, güncelleme sırasında ve sonrasında veya başka nedenlerden dolayı bozulur. Bu zararsız gibi görünse de, bozuk bir önbellek sonunda bir takım diğer küçük sıkıntıların yanı sıra performans sorunlarına neden olabilir. Telefonunuzun sistem önbelleğinin temiz olduğundan emin olmak için önbellek bölümünü silebilirsiniz. Bu, telefonu geçerli önbelleği silmeye ve zaman içinde yenisiyle değiştirmeye zorlar.
S10’unuzdaki önbellek bölümünü silmek için:
- Cihazı kapat. Bu önemli. Kapatamazsanız, hiçbir zaman Kurtarma Moduna ön yükleme yapamazsınız. Cihazı Gç düğmesi üzerinden düzenli olarak kapatamıyorsanız, telefonun pili bitene kadar bekleyin. Ardından Kurtarma Moduna geçmeden önce telefonu 30 dakika şarj edin. Ses Açma ve Bixby tuşlarını aynı anda basılı tutun. Sesi Açma ve Bixby tuşlarını basılı tutarken, Güç düğmesini basılı tutun. menü şimdi görünecektir. Bunu gördüğünüzde, düğmeleri serbest bırakın. ‘Önbellek bölümünü sil’i vurgulamak için Ses kısma tuşuna birkaç kez basın. Seçmek için Güç düğmesine basın.’ Evet ‘vurgulanıncaya kadar Ses kısma tuşuna basın ve Güç düğmesine basın. önbellek bölümü tamamlandı, “Sistemi şimdi yeniden başlat” vurgulanıyor. Cihazı yeniden başlatmak için Güç tuşuna basın.
Netflix, 10 numaralı hatayı durdurmaya devam ediyor: Uygulamayı yeniden kur
S10’unuza Netflix’i ekleyen sizseniz, bu noktada hiçbir şey işe yaramadıysa yeniden yüklemeyi denemelisiniz. Uygulama ekranında, Netflix simgesine dokunup basılı tutun ve Kaldır’ı seçin. Bu, uygulamayı telefonunuzdan silecektir. Kaldırdıktan sonra, telefonu yeniden başlatıp tekrar kurun.
Netflix # 11 hata düzeltme işlemini durduruyor: Fabrika ayarlarına sıfırlama
Aygıtı fabrika ayarlarına sıfırlamanız gereken noktaya ulaşacağınızı düşünmüyoruz ama hiçbir şeyin işe yaramaması durumunda denemelisiniz. Fabrika ayarlarına sıfırlama tüm yazılım ayarlarını varsayılan değerlerine döndürür ve kişisel verilerinizi siler. Cihazı silmeden önce yeri doldurulamaz dosyalarınızı yedeklediğinizden emin olun.
S10’unuzu fabrika ayarlarına sıfırlamak için:
Yöntem 1: Samsung Galaxy S10’da Ayarlar Menüsü ile nasıl sıfırlanır
- Kişisel verilerinizin yedeğini alın ve Google hesabınızı kaldırın. Ayarlar uygulamasını açın. Genel yönetim seçeneğine gidin ve dokunun. aksiyon.
Yöntem 2: Donanım düğmelerini kullanarak Samsung Galaxy S10 üzerinde sıfırlama nasıl yapılır
- Mümkünse, önceden kişisel verilerinizin bir yedeğini alın. Sorununuz bunu yapmanızı engelliyorsa, bu adımı atlayın. Ayrıca, Google hesabınızı kaldırdığınızdan emin olmak istersiniz. Sorununuz bunu yapmanızı engelliyorsa, sadece bu adımı atlayın. Cihazı kapatın. Bu önemli. Kapatamazsanız, hiçbir zaman Kurtarma Moduna ön yükleme yapamazsınız. Cihazı Gç düğmesi üzerinden düzenli olarak kapatamıyorsanız, telefonun pili bitene kadar bekleyin. Ardından Kurtarma Moduna geçmeden önce telefonu 30 dakika şarj edin. Ses Açma ve Bixby tuşlarını aynı anda basılı tutun. Sesi Açma ve Bixby tuşlarını basılı tutarken, Güç düğmesini basılı tutun. menü şimdi görünecektir. Bunu gördüğünüzde, düğmeleri serbest bırakın. ‘Verileri sil / fabrika ayarlarına sıfırla’ seçeneğinin üzerine gelinceye kadar Sesi Azalt düğmesini kullanın. ‘Verileri sil / fabrika ayarlarına sıfırla
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客户端请求后通过判断和转发到后端数据库。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>کمالی پور نائب رئیس کمیسیون قضائی و حقوقی مجلس با اشاره به شکل گیری کمیته های متعدد برای کنترل و مدیریت فضای مجازی در کشورگفت: متأسفانه شاهد رویکردی عمل گرایانه در خصوص مدیریت و کنترل این فضا نبوده ایم به گونه ای که زمانی که اتفاقی رخ می دهد به جای آنکه فضای مجازی به مدیریت کلان کشور و مسئولان کمک کند؛ به بحران رخ داده بیشتر دامن می زند.
به گزارش ناب نیوز؛ یحیی کمالی پور در گفتگو با خبرنگار ما؛ با بیان اینکه شاهد سرعت تکنولوژی و فناوری در دنیا هستیم و فضای مجازی برای بسیاری از مسائل در دنیا راهکار ایجاد کرده است، گفت: با ظهور این پدیده، این خطر احساس می شد که گستردگی فضای مجازی و عدم وجود برنامه برای کنترل، مدیریت و نظارت بر این فضا می تواند آسیب هایی را برای کشور ایجاد کند.
نائب رئیس کمیسیون قضائی و حقوقی مجلس شورای اسلامی با تأکید بر اینکه ما محاسن این فضا را نفی نمی کنیم، تصریح کرد: اما اگر فضای مجازی را به آن اندازه که می تواند موثر باشد به همان اندازه بر آن کنترل و نظارت صورت نگیرد، این فضا می تواند مخرب باشد و ناکارآمد جلوه کند.
وی با اشاره به شکل گیری کمیته های متعدد برای کنترل و مدیریت فضای مجازی در کشور ابراز کرد: اما شاهد رویکردی عمل گرایانه در خصوص مدیریت و کنترل این فضا نبوده ایم به گونه ای که زمانی که اتفاقی رخ می دهد به جای آنکه فضای مجازی به مدیریت کلان کشور و مسئولان کمک کند؛ به بحران رخ داده بیشتر دامن می زند.
نماینده مردم جیرفت و عنبرآباد در مجلس شورای اسلامی ضمن اشاره به شیوع بیماری کرونا و شایعه پراکنی در این زمینه در فضای مجازی عنوان کرد: دستگاه قضا در این راستا اعلام کرده است که با مجرمین برخورد می شود؛ اما معتقدم که فضای مجازی، فضائی نیست که بتوان به سادگی آن را کنترل کرد.
کمالی پور با تأکید بر اینکه وزارت ارتباطات و کمیته رصد فضای مجازی نقش اساسی در این زمینه دارند، اظهار کرد: به منظور کنترل فضای مجازی همه قوا در کمیته رصد این فضا دخیل شده اند که بتوانند به صورت منجسم کار واحدی را انجام دهند؛ اما متأسفانه در رویکرد عمل گرایانه آنان مسئله مثبتی را مشاهده نکرده ایم.
نائب رئیس کمیسیون قضائی و حقوقی مجلس شورای اسلامی تأکید کرد: باید این فرهنگ سازی در کشور صورت گیرد که وقتی اتفاقی در کشورمان رخ می دهد؛ مربوط به تمامی مردم است و همگان باید در راستای برون رفت مشکلات کمک کنند؛ این در حالی است که این همگرایی را در فضای مجازی ندیده ایم.
وی در پایان خاطر نشان کرد: امروز بیشتر از گذشته احساس می شود که فضای مجازی باید مورد کنترل و مدیریت قرار گیرد؛ چرا که برخی با اطلاع و علم اقداماتی انجام می دهند، مردم را نگران و کشور را به مخاطره می اندازند که باید در این راستا برخورد جدی صورت گیرد.
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- کامل کردن گزینه های ستاره دار (*) الزامی است
- آدرس پست الکترونیکی شما محفوظ بوده و نمایش داده نخواهد شد<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Aerojel Battaniye Atıklarını Nasıl Çözüyorsunuz?
Aspen Aerogels® yalıtım battaniyeleri, sentetik amorf silisin kumaş malzemeye empreny edilmesinden oluşur. Oluşan ürün, sıvı malzeme içermez. Atık aerojel battaniyesi, endüstriyel atık kabul eden çöp alanlarına atılabilir. Atık aerojel battaniyeleri çöplük işlemleri süresince toz yaratabilir. Endüstriyel çöp alanları, atık kabul süresince toz oluşumu konusunda bilgilendirilmelidir. Aspen Aerogels®'in üretim operasyonlarından doğan atık malzemeler, Massachusetts'teki lisanslı endüstriyel çöplüklere atılır.
Müşteri ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilmek için, Aspen Aerogels® çeşitli aerojel katkıları ve kumaş katkı malzemeleri kullanabilir. Bu katkı malzemeleri karbon black, titanyumdioksit ve alüminyum oksit gibi malzemeler içerebilir. Aerojel battaniyeler, US EPA zararlı atık [40 CFR Part 40, Subpart C] özelliklerinden hiçbirini içermez.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>01
Costruire città che pensano come pianeti Marina Alberti*
pubblicato in : http://www.thenatureofcities.com/author/marinaalberti/ il 2/10/2013 traduzione: Giuseppe Longhi
Le città devono affrontare un’importante sfida: devono ripensarsi nel contesto del cambiamento del pianeta. Che ruolo svolgono le città nell’evoluzione della Terra? Dal punto di vista planetario, la nascita e la rapida espansione delle città attraverso il globo può rappresentare un ulteriore punto di svolta nella vita del nostro pianeta. L’atmosfera terrestre, dalla quale tutti noi dipendiamo, è emersa dal processo metabolico di un gran numero di alghe unicellulari e batteri che vivevano nei mari 2,3 miliardi di anni fa. Questi organismi hanno trasformato l’ambiente in
un luogo dove la vita umana ha potuto svilupparsi. Adam Frank, un astrofisico presso l’Università di Rochesters, ci ricorda che l’evoluzione della vita ha implicato grandi importanti cambiamenti del pianeta (NPR 13,7: Cosmos & Cultura, 2012). Ora, gli esseri umani possono cambiare il corso dell’evoluzione terrestre? Il modo in cui costruiamo le città può determinare la probabilità di superare soglie in grado di scatenare un cambiamento improvviso e non lineare, a scala planetaria (Rockström et al 2009)?
Venezia, gennaio 2014
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Costruire città che pensano come pianeti
Per gran parte della sua storia, la Terra è stata relativamente stabile e dominata principalmente da feedback negativi che le hanno impedito di entrare in stati estremi (Lenton e Williams 2013). La terra ha sperimentato raramente punti critici a scala planetaria o cambiamenti di sistema. Ma il recente aumento di feedback positivi (es. i cambiamenti climatici), e l’emergere di innovazioni evolutive (cioè nuovi metabolismi), potrebbero innescare trasformazioni alla scala della Grande Ossidazione (Lenton e Williams 2013). Stiamo guidando gli ecosistemi della Terra ad un collasso non intenzionale? O vogliamo consapevolmente dirigere la Terra verso una nuova era resiliente? Nel mio prossimo libro “Le città come ecosistemi ibridi” propongo un paradigma co-evolutivo per la costruzione di città che “pensano come pianeti” - una visione che si concentra su dinamiche imprevedibili, l’apprendimento sperimentale e l’innovazione negli ecosistemi urbani. Nel libro ho elaborato concetti e principi di progettazione e di pianificazione che emergono da questi principi: auto-organizzazione, eterogeneità, modularità, feedback, trasformazione. Come può il pensiero a scala planetaria aiutarci a capire il ruolo degli esseri umani nell’evoluzione della Terra e guidarci nella costruzione di un habitat umano di “lungo momento”? La scala planetaria Gli esseri umani prendono decisioni simultaneamente a scala multipla di tempo e spazio, in relazione della scala percepita di un problema e la scala d’influenza sulla loro decisione. Tuttavia è improbabile che questa scala si estenda oltre una generazione o comprenda l’intero globo. L’esperienza umana di spazio e tempo ha profonde implicazioni per la nostra comprensione dei fenomeni del mondo e per la presa di decisioni a lungo e a breve termine. Nel suo libro “Che ora è in questo luogo”, Kevin Lynch (1972) ci ha eloquentemente detto che il tempo è incorporato nel mondo fisico in cui viviamo e costruiamo. Le città riflettono la nostra esperienza di tempo, e il nostro
modo di vivere il tempo influenza il nostro modo di vedere e modificare l’ambiente. Così la nostra esperienza di tempo gioca un ruolo cruciale nel modo di gestire il cambiamento ambientale. Se dobbiamo pensare come un pianeta, la sfida sarà quella di affrontare le scale e gli eventi lontani dall’esperienza umana di tutti i giorni. La Terra ha 4,6 miliardi d’anni. Questo è un numero importante per concettualizzare e tenere in conto nelle nostre decisioni individuali e collettive . Pensare come un pianeta implica l’espansione del tempo e delle scale spaziali di progettazione e pianificazione della città, non semplicemente dal locale al globale e da un paio di decenni a qualche secolo. Dovremo comprendere le scale dei processi geologici e biologici su cui il nostro pianeta opera. Pensare a scala planetaria implica espandere l’idea del cambiamento. Lynch (1972) ci ricorda che “i temi della pianificazione sono tutti riconducibili alla gestione del cambiamento”. Ma cos’è il cambiamento? L’esperienza umana di cambiamento è spesso limitata a fluttuazioni all’interno di un campo relativamente stabile. Tuttavia in passato il Pianeta Terra ha mostrato rari ma bruschi cambiamenti e trasformazioni di regime. L’esperienza umana di bruschi cambiamenti è limitata a marcati cambiamenti nella dinamica dei sistemi regionali, come alterazioni nei regimi del fuoco, o le estinzioni delle specie. Eppure, a partire dalla Rivoluzione Industriale, gli esseri umani stanno spingendo il pianeta al di fuori di un campo di stabilità. Sarebbero le attività umane a condurre a tale evento globale? Possiamo rispondere che non capiamo abbastanza la dinamica temporale e spaziale di tale fenomeno, ma l’evidenza suggerisce che se continuiamo a distruggere gli ecosistemi e il clima ci troviamo ad affrontare il rischio crescente di oltrepassare quelle soglie che mantengono la terra in un campo relativamente stabile. Fino a poco tempo fa i nostri comportamenti individuali e le istituzioni collettive sono stati plasmati principalmente sui cambiamenti che possiamo immaginare abbastanza facilmente a scala temporale umana.
Costruire città che pensano come pianeti
I nostri comportamenti non sono sintonizzati con i cambiamenti lenti e impercettibili, ma sistematici, che possono condurre a drammatici cambiamenti nei sistemi della Terra. I cambiamenti planetari possono essere rapidi: la glaciazione del Dryas recente (repentino cambiamento climatico con conseguente grave freddo e siccità), avvenuta in pochi decenni, circa 11.500 anni fa. Oppure può svolgersi lentamente: l’Himalaya ha impiegato un milione d’anni per formarsi. I cambiamenti possono manifestarsi come risultati di eventi estremi come le eruzioni vulcaniche, o processi relativamente lenti, come il movimento delle placche tettoniche. Anche se ancora non comprendiamo completamente la sottile relazione tra la stabilità locale e globale nei sistemi complessi, diversi scienziati ipotizzano che la crescente complessità e interdipendenza delle reti socio-economiche è in grado di produrre “cascate critiche” e “dinamiche domino” nel sistema Terra, che portano a cambiamenti di regime imprevisti (Helbing 2013, Hughes et al 2013). Sfide e opportunità planetarie Una prospettiva planetaria, per immaginare e costruire città in cui vorremmo vivere - vivibili, resilienti, emozionanti - si compone di molte sfide ed opportunità. Per cominciare, è necessario espandere la gamma degli archetipi. Gli archetipi attuali riflettono semplificazioni deformate e spesso estreme di come l’universo funziona, che vanno dal determinismo biologico all’ottimismo tecno-scientifico. Nella migliore delle ipotesi rappresentano un’analisi precisa, ma incompleta, di come funziona il mondo. Come conciliare i messaggi contenuti nelle visioni catastrofiche con quelle ottimistiche sul futuro della Terra? Ancora, come possiamo assumere spiegazioni e argomentazioni divergenti come plausibilmente vere? Possiamo immaginare un luogo in cui gli esseri umani si sono co-evoluti con i sistemi naturali? Cosa ti sembra il mondo? Come possiamo creare quel luogo a fronte di una conoscenza limitata e incerta, escludendo tutti questi futuri possibili come opzioni plausibili?
Gli archetipi futuri Il concetto di “confini planetari “ offre un quadro perché l’umanità operi in sicurezza su scala planetaria. Rockström et al ( 2009) hanno sviluppato il concetto di confini planetari per renderci consapevoli dei livelli di cambiamento antropogenico che possono essere sostenuti in modo da evitare potenziali cambiamenti nei regime planetari che potrebbero influenzare drammaticamente il benessere umano. Il concetto non implica, e neppure esclude, punti critici su scala planetaria associabili alle forze guida umane. Circa i punti critici a scala planetaria, Hughes et al (2013 ) danno un contributo per confutare l’idea sbagliata che confonde il tasso di cambiamento di un sistema con la presenza o l’assenza di un punto di non ritorno. Per evitare le potenziali conseguenze di cambiamenti imprevedibili di regime a scala planetaria dovremo spostare la nostra attenzione verso le forze guida ed i feedback, piuttosto che concentrarsi esclusivamente sulle risposte del sistema. Rispetto ai confini planetari Rockström et al (2009 ) individuano nove aree di criticità: cambiamenti climatici, perdita di biodiversità, immissione d’azoto e fosforo nel suolo e nelle acque, riduzione dell’ozono stratosferico, acidificazione degli oceani, consumo globale d’acqua dolce, cambiamenti d’uso del terreno utilizzato per l’agricoltura, inquinamento atmosferico ed inquinamento chimico. Una diversa enfasi è proposta da quegli scienziati che hanno avanzato il concetto di opportunità planetarie : una ricerca di soluzioni per fornire realistici percorsi, specifici per ogni contesto, per un futuro sostenibile (DeFries et al 2012). L’idea è di spostare la nostra attenzione a come l’ingegno umano può espandere la capacità di migliorare il benessere umano (cioè la sicurezza alimentare, la salute umana), riducendo al minimo ed invertendo l’impatto ambientale. Il concetto si fonda sulla capacità umana d’innovazione e di sviluppo di tecnologie alternative, per realizzare infrastrutture “verdi”, e riconfigurare i quadri istituzionali. Le potenziali opportunità di esplorare ricerche ‘solution oriented’ e strategie politiche sono amplificate in un pianeta urbanizzato, dove
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Costruire città che pensano come pianeti
tali soluzioni possono essere replicate e possono trasformare il nostro modo di costruire e abitare la Terra. Immaginando un pianeta urbano resiliente Queste diverse immagini del futuro sono plausibili ed utili, ma parlano per il presente più che per il futuro. Esse rappresentano un prolungamento delle attuali tendenze, come se il futuro fosse la prosecuzione del nostro attuale modo di fare domande, di comprendere e risolvere problemi. Certo, queste prospettive tengono conto dell’incertezza, ma è definita in intervalli di confidenza intorno a questa traiettoria. Entrambe le storie sono radicate nelle inevitabili dicotomie fra esseri umani e natura, e fra tecnologia ed ecologia. Questi punti di vista sono nel migliore dei casi un rendiconto incompleto di ciò che è possibile: essi riflettono una limitata capacità di immaginare il futuro al di là di tali archetipi. Perché possiamo immaginare tecnologie intelligenti e non comportamenti intelligenti, istituzioni intelligenti e società intelligenti? Perché pensare solo alla tecnologia e non ad esseri umani e società che co-evolvono con la Terra? Comprendere la co-evoluzione dei sistemi umani e naturali è la chiave per costruire una società flessibile e trasformare il nostro habitat. Una delle grandi questioni della biologia
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ندگان غرب آفریقا روی هم 760000 بشکه در روز کاهش تولید داشته اند.
تولید نیجریه برای پنجمین ماه افزایش یافت و در فوریه به 1.4 میلیون بشکه در روز یعنی بالاترین میزان در 10 ماه گذشته رسید.
اما به نظر می رسد صادرات بانی لایت پس از انفجار در 3 مارس در خط لوله 180 هزار بشکه در روز TNP که نفت خام را به ترمینال بانی می برد، مختل شود.
اکثر کشورهای غرب آفریقا نیز در ماه فوریه تولید خود را افزایش دادند. اما این افزایش تنها به جبران کاهش 80 هزار بشکه در روز تولید آنگولا در ماه کمک کرد که بخشی از آن به دلیل تعمیراتی که برنامه ریزی شده است در کشتی تولید، ذخیره و تخلیه شناور دالیا در 20 فوریه تا 26 مارس انجام می شود.
تولید عراق به دلیل تعمیر و نگهداری میدان 450,000 بشکه در روز غرب قرنا 2 و تعمیر و نگهداری پالایشگاه به میزان 100 هزار بشکه در روز کاهش یافت.
به دلیل پیش بینی فشار اقتصادی در نیمه اول سال جاری بخش بازار اوپک پلاس در ماه اکتبر موافقت کرد تا سقف تولید نفت خام خود را حدود 2 میلیون بشکه در روز از نوامبر کاهش دهد.
به گفته هیثم الغیس دبیرکل اوپک همچنان نگران وضعیت رشد تقاضای نفت در اروپا و آمریکا است. الغیس انتظار دارد که تقاضای جهانی نفت در سال جاری همچنان به بهبود خود ادامه دهد. دبیر کل اوپک رشد 2.3 میلیون بشکه در روز تقاضا را پیش بینی کرد.
او گفت، در حالی که چشم انداز مراکز اصلی تقاضای آسیایی مانند چین ثابت است، با این وجود چشم انداز بسیاری از کشورهای اروپایی و ایالات متحده تیره تر است.
ما تخمین زدیم که چین به تنهایی 500 تا 600 هزار بشکه در روز بهبود تقاضا در سال جاری را به خود اختصاص خواهد داد.
الغیس افزود: بخش قابل توجهی از رشد 1.7 تا 1.8 میلیون بشکه در روز باقی مانده است که از دیگر کشورهای آسیایی غیر OECD مانند هند خواهد بود.
الغیس گفت: ما شاهد تقسیم شدن بازار به یک قسمت با رشد امیدوار کننده و دیگری که با کاهش رشد مواجه است هستیم.
اختصاصی بازار نفت گاز پتروشیمی
منبع: آرگوس<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>YAZIM KURALLARI
1. Selçuk İletişim Dergisi’ne gönderilen çalışmalar, MS Office Word programı kullanılarak, A4 boyutunda, sağ, sol ve üst kenarlardan 2,5 cm, alt kenardan 3 cm boşluk bırakılarak, normal yazı stilinde, Times New Roman yazı karakterinde, önce 0nk sonra 6nk, 1,5 satır aralığında ve iki yana yaslı olarak hazırlanmalıdır.
2. Çalışmaların Türkçe ve İngilizce başlığı, her kelimenin ilk harfi büyük olarak sola yaslı yazılmalı, 18 punto ve kalın olmalıdır. Özet, Extended Abstract (Genişletilmiş İngilizce/Türkçe Özet), Giriş, Sonuç, Kaynakça ve diğer tüm ana başlıklar, sola yaslı, tüm harfleri büyük, 14 punto ve kalın olarak yazılmalıdır. İkinci düzey alt başlıklarda sözcüklerin sadece ilk harfi büyük olmalı, 12 punto ve kalın yazılmalıdır.
3. Türkçe ve İngilizce özet metinleri 11 punto ve italik olmalıdır. Türkçe ve İngilizce anahtar kelimeler ise 11 punto yazılmalıdır.
4. Çalışmalar genel olarak, Türkçe Başlık, Özet, Anahtar Kelimeler, İngilizce Başlık, Abstract, Keywords, Giriş, Ana Metin, Sonuç, Genişletilmiş İngilizce/Türkçe Özet (Extended Abstract) ve Kaynakça akışını takip etmelidir.
5. Çalışmalar en az 5000 en çok 8500 kelimeden oluşmalıdır.
6. Her çalışmada, en az 150 en fazla 250 kelime aralığında Türkçe ve İngilizce özete yer verilmeli, Anahtar Kelimeler ve Keywords en az 5 en fazla 7 kelimden oluşmalıdır. Türkçe hazırlanan çalışmalar için özetler İngilizce, İngilizce hazırlanan çalışmalar için özetler Türkçe olmalıdır. Hazırlanan özetler kısaca, çalışmanın amacını, kapsamını, problemini, yöntemini, evren/örneklem grubunu ve elde edilen önemli bulgu ve sonuçları içermelidir.
7. Genişletilmiş özetler, Türkçe yazılan çalışmalar için İngilizce, İngilizce yazılan çalışmalar için Türkçe yazılmalıdır. Genişletilmiş İngilizce/Türkçe Özet (Extended Abstract) en az 750 en çok 1500 kelimeden oluşmalı ve 11 punto yazılmalıdır. Hazırlanan özet, çalışmanın amacını, kapsamını, teorik çatısını, yöntemini, bulgularını ve sonuçlarını içeren bütünsel bir metin olmalı ve çalışmanın ilgili tüm kısımlarını içermelidir. Özetler her çalışmanın sonunda, Kaynakça kısmından hemen önce yer almalı ve çalışma sisteme tek bir Word dosyası halinde yüklenmelidir.
8. Referans göstermede, metin için kaynak gösterme yöntemi olan APA’nın (American Psychological Association) 6. edisyonu kullanılmalıdır. Gerek alıntılamalarda gerekse de bibliyografya kısmında yazarlar, Amerikan Psikoloji Derneği’nin yayımladığı Amerikan Psikoloji Derneği Yayım Kılavuzu’nda belirtilen yazım kurallarını ve formatını takip etmelidir. Bu hususta Türk Kütüphaneciler Derneği’nin hazırladığı “Bilimsel Yayınlarda Kaynak Gösterme, Tablo ve Şekil Oluşturma Rehberi APA 6 Kuralları” isimli rehber kullanılmalıdır. Rehbere Erişim İçin: www.tk.org.tr/APA/apa_2.pdf 9. Dergimize gönderilen çalışmalarda yer alan referansların MS Office Word içerisindeki referans yönetim aracı ile oluşturulmuş olması zorunludur. El ile oluşturulan referanslar ve kaynakça kesinlikle kabul edilmemektedir (MS Office Word referans yönetimi ile ilgili bilgilendirme videosuna ulaşmak için tıklayınız).
10. Çalışmaların içeriğine dair tüm yasal sorumluluk yazar(lar)ına aittir.
11. Çalışmaların imla ve noktalamasında Türk Dil Kurumu İmla Kılavuzu esas alınmalıdır.
12. Yazar(lar)ın bir sayıda birden fazla makalesi yayımlanamaz.
13. Değerlendirilmesi amacıyla dergimize gönderilen tüm çalışmalar, örnek makale şablonuna uygun bir şekilde hazırlanmış olmalıdır (şablona ulaşmak için tıklayınız).
YAYIN KURALLARI
1. 1991 yılında yayın hayatına başlayan Selçuk İletişim Dergisi, Selçuk Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi tarafından yılda dört kez Ocak, Nisan, Temmuz ve Ekim aylarında yayımlanan, bilimsel nitelikli hakemli bir dergidir.
2. Selçuk İletişim Dergisi’nde yer alan her cilt, Ocak, Nisan, Temmuz ve Ekim aylarında yayımlanan dörtsayıdan oluşmaktadır. Ayrıca editör ve yayın kurulunun uygun görmesi durumunda, ilgili cilde ek sayılar veya özel sayılar da eklenebilir.
3. Dergimizin yazım dili Türkçe ve İngilizcedir.
4. Selçuk İletişim Dergisi’nde, iletişim bilimleri ve alt disiplinlerde, akademik standartlara uygun biçimde hazırlanmış nitelikli ve özgün çalışmalara yer verilmektedir.
5. Dergimize yayımlanmak üzere gönderilen çalışmaların, daha önce başka bir dergiye gönderilmemiş veya hiçbir mecrada yayımlanmamış olması gerekmektedir. Dergimizde, lisansüstü tezlerden üretilmiş çalışmalara, yayın politikası gereği yer verilmemektedir. Bununla birlikte, bilimsel toplantılarda (kongre, sempozyum vb.) sunulan bildirilerin tam metinleri, dijital veya basılı olarak yayımlanmamış olması ve makale formatı/içeriğine dönüştürülmüş olması koşuluyla, yayımlanmak üzere dergimize gönderilebilir.
6. Selçuk İletişim Dergisi'ne makale gönderimi yalnızca DergiPark sistemi üzerinden yapılmaktadır. Dergiye makale gönderebilmek için DergiPark kullanıcı hesabına ve ORCID ID numarasına sahip olunması gerekmektedir.
7. Yazarların çalışmalaryla birlikte, sisteme yüklemesi gereken diğer dosyalar şu şekildedir:
- Tüm yazarlar tarafından imzalanmış telif hakkı devir formu,
- Saha araştırması içeren çalışmalar için etik kurul izin belgesi,
- Saha araştırması içeren çalışmalar için katılımcılardan alınan bilgilendirilmiş onam formları,
- Saha araştırması içeren çalışmalar için araştırmayı temsil eden örnek materyal (anket formu, görüşme dökümü, kodlama cetveli vs.),
- Çalışmalarda kullanılan ölçek, görsel vs. gibi materyallerin, ilgili kişi ya da kurumdan izin alınarak kullanıldığını gösteren belge (var ise).
8. Dergimize gönderilen çalışmaların ana başlığında marka ismi, kurum ismi ve inceleme nesnelerine dair ibarelere (XX Markası Örneği, XX Kurumu Örneği, XX Filmi Örneği, XX Reklamı Örneği gibi) yer verilmemelidir. Ana başlığında bu türden ifadeler barındıran çalışmalar, vaka analizi olarak değerlendirilecektir.
9. Dergimize gönderilen tüm çalışmaların, editör kurulu değerlendirmesine alınmadan önce ve hakem değerlendirme süreci tamamlanıp, çalışma dergimizde yayımlanmaya uygun görüldükten sonra benzerlik tespit programı aracılığıyla orijinallik kontrolü sağlanmaktadır.
10. Dergimize gönderilen çalışmalar için kabul edilebilir benzerlik oranının üst sınırı %15’dir. Bu sınırı aşan çalışmalar, değerlendirmeye alınmadan reddedilecektir. Bu nedenle, yazarların çalışmalarını dergimize göndermeden önce benzerlik oranı tespitinde bulunmaları faydalı olacaktır.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Pio Amato 14 yaşında olan ve büyümek için sabırsızlanan bir çocuktur. Çevresinde yerel İtalyanlar, Afrikalı mülteciler ve kendi grubu çingenlerle dolu bir bölgede yaşayan Pio, abisi Cosimo'yu her yerde takip eder. Sokakta yaşamak için gerekli olan tüm becerileri abisinden öğrenir. Cosimo kaybolduğunda ve işler kötüye gitmeye başladığında, Pio abisinin yerini alabileceğini kanıtlamak için öne çıkar ve gerçekten büyüyüp büyümediğini gösterecek imkansız bir kararla karşı karşıya kalır.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>به اطلاع شهروندان می رساند در مجموعه مصوبات مرتبط با طرح ترافیک ۹۷ در شورای اسلامی شهر تهران مقرر شده بود تخفیف ۲۰ درصدی صرفا به شهروندانی تعلق بگیرد که در زمان تردد، شارژ کافی در حساب خود در سامانه «تهران من» داشته باشند. با پیشنهاد شهرداری و تصویب اعضای شورا، این مهلت تا پایان سال ۹۷ تمدید شد و به روشهای مختلف پیامکی، ارسال قبض و نیز در رسانه ها به مالکان پلاک هایی که بابت عوارض طرح ترافیک بدهی داشتند، اطلاع رسانی صورت گرفت.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>تصویری از امیر قلعه نویی و فرشاد پیوس در دربی سال 1374 منتشر شد.
جی پلاس؛ 6 مرداد 1374 در چهلمین دربی پایتخت، دو تیم استقلال و پرسپولیس با کاپیتانی امیر قلعه نویی و فرشاد پیوس به مصاف هم رفتند. دو کاپیتانی که هر دو از بچه های محله نازی آباد در جنوب تهران بودند.
این دیدار در نهایت با برتری 3-1 استقلال به پایان رسید.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>One would expect that there would be a significant number of Irish Canadian artists. The heritage and influence of Irish culture is one that is paramount to the history of Canada, with numerous Irish immigrants having moved to our country through the decades. As we explore Canadian art history and the artists who have shaped visual arts, three artists emerge who share a rich Irish heritage and have a celebrated legacy.
Paul Kane, a self-taught artist of the nineteenth century, is renowned for his paintings documenting Indigenous peoples and the landscape. Kenneth Lister writes in Paul Kane, The Artist: Wilderness to Studio, that we actually don’t learn of Paul Kane’s place of birth until after his death. Kane’s birthplace of Mallow, County Cork, Ireland was revealed in the introduction of the second edition of The Wanderings of an Artist Among the Indians of North America, published in 1925. Paul’s father, Michael Kane, was an Englishman who was stationed in Ireland with the R.H.A. and married an Irish girl named Frances Loach. After Michael Kane obtained his Corporal’s stripe, he and Frances settled in Ireland for a short period. Paul was born on September 3rd, 1810 and baptized in the church of St. James on September 16th, in Mallow Parish, County Cork. Interestingly Paul’s surname was listed as “Keane” in the registry.
During the 19th Century, the British colony of what would become Canada was a popular destination for explorers and individuals seeking a new life, ruled by the Hudson’s Bay Company, but was a fairly unexplored land. Around 1819, Michael and Frances Kane immigrated to Canada with their children, settling in York (Toronto). Beginning in late May 1846, Paul Kane was commissioned to travel with the Hudson’s Bay Company to document the land, the Indigenous people and their customs. His depictions of the land and its people would be some of the first images Europeans would see of Canada and its Indigenous communities.
George Hart Hughes was born on Christmas Day in Ireland in 1839. Information about the man and artist is sparse, but it is believed that Hughes started his working life as an engineer and is said to have studied under Cornelius Krieghoff, although there is no documentary proof of this. The possible influence of Krieghoff can certainly be witnessed in his compositions of moccasin sellers, habitants and trappers, informing our knowledge of historical Canadian painting.
Another Canadian artist with a connection to Ireland is Lionel Lemoine Fitzgerald. His father, Lionel Henry Fitzgerald was of Irish descent. L.L. Fitzgerald was invited to join the Group of Seven, after J.E.H. MacDonald’s death, to become the tenth member in 1932. He lived and worked mainly in Manitoba; his paintings and drawings displaying a wonderful balance between natural forms and geometric shapes. Examining his work, we can see not only the influence of the American Precisionist painters (Fitzgerald studied in New York at the Arts Students League in 1921-22), but also of Lawren Harris and the later work of Bertram Brooker.
The Irish have played a vital role in the settlement and development of Canada and our culture. Artists, musicians and performers with Irish heritage have enjoyed acclaim nationally and internationally for generations, these three artists just a few of the many creators whose families arrived in Canada many years ago.
Sources: Kenneth R. Lister, Paul Kane: The Artist Wilderness to Studio, Royal Ontario Museum Press, 2010, Toronto & Dennis Reid, A Concise History of Canadian Painting, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, 1988, Toronto<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>مافیا و انتخاب نامناسب علیرام نورایی
به گزارش راه ساری، تقریبا یک هفته است که سری دوم این مسابقه، در غیاب بهنام تشکر و با تغییرات تازه، دوباره از شبکه سلامت روی آنتن رفته است. با این حال به نظر می رسد برخی تغییرات مسابقه در سری دوم، به کیفیت آن لطمه وارد کرده است.
غیبت بهنام تشکر در مقام راوی و هدایت کننده مسابقه پرمخاطب شبکه سلامت چه تأثیری در مسابقه داشته است؟
مسابقه تلویزیونی مافیا که در ماه های گذشته روی آنتن شبکه سلامت رفته است، مورد استقبال مخاطبان قرار گرفته و به سری دوم هم کشیده شده.
تقریبا یک هفته است که سری دوم این مسابقه، در غیاب بهنام تشکر و با تغییرات تازه، دوباره از شبکه سلامت روی آنتن رفته است. با این حال به نظر می رسد برخی تغییرات مسابقه در سری دوم، به کیفیت آن لطمه وارد کرده است.
انتخاب نامناسب علیرام نورایی
یکی از مهم ترین تغییرات سری دوم مسابقه، حضور علیرام نورایی به عنوان هدایت کننده بازی، به جای بهنام تشکر است. تشکر به دلیل بازی در سریال بوم و بانو ساخته سعید سلطانی، نتوانست سری دوم مافیا را همراهی کند و نورایی جایگزین آن شد.
هدایت کننده جریان بازی مافیا به اقتضای فضای مرموز و پر از شک و تردید بازی، باید کسی باشد که بتواند نقش چنین شخصیتی را بازی کند و حساسیت مسابقه را بالا ببرد. چهره، تُن صدا و لحن بهنام تشکر به صورت ذاتی طوری بود که با فضای بازی هماهنگ بود.
علاوه بر این، خود تشکر هم کاملا روی بازی تسلط داشت و با همان لحن مرموز خاص خودش، بازی را کنترل می کرد؛ بنابراین می توان گفت: عوامل این مسابقه، در انتخاب بهنام تشکر به عنوان مجری یا هدایت کننده بازی، هوشمندی خاصی به خرج داده بودند و همان طور که قبلا در همین صفحه نوشتیم، برای انتخاب او توجیه مناسبی وجود داشت. اما علیرام نورایی نتوانسته در سری دوم، جانشین خوبی برای بهنام تشکر باشد.
نورایی تلاش می کند نقش هدایت کننده جدی و مرموز بازی را ایفا کند، اما تلاش او مثمر نیست و بازی باورپذیری ندارد. نورایی با حرکات اغراق شده، توی ذوق مخاطب می زند و سعی می کند با خشم ساختگی و بالا بردن صدای خود، هیجان بازی را بیشتر کند، اما در این زمینه هم پیروز نیست و نتیجه کار او به هیچ وجه خوب از آب درنیامده است. در اجرای نورایی، از آن رمز و رازی که فضای مسابقه می طلبد هم خبری نیست.
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آن برنامه واقعا یاد می گرفتم، لذت این یاد گرفتن را شما می توانستید در چهره من ببینید، من فیلم بازی نمی کردم، برای این که بتوانم با آقای داوری، استاد فلسفه غرب صحبت کنم، سه بار فلسفه غرب را خواندم. من در دوران کارمندی هم این تجربه ها را داشتم. دبیر انجمن آثار باستانی، کارشناس هنری و مدرس سینما بودم. این اواخر برای پسرم که آهنگسازی می کرد، ترانه سرایی کردم.
می شود این طور گفت که اگر پشت سر داریوش ارجمند، یک کارگردان ماهر وجود داشته باشد و شما را هدایت کند، نتیجه بازی های شما درخشان خواهد شد در غیر این صورت نقش ها معمولا تکراری و کلیشه ای از آب درخواهد آمد، این نظر را قبول دارید؟
فکر می کنم اگر هنرمند می خواهد سازندگی به وجود آورد باید اولین منتقد خودش باشد، من بعد از خواندن نقد کارهایی که در آن حضور داشتم، فهمیدم نقدهایی که خود من به کارهایم دارم، اصلا متوجه آن نشدند، به منتقدان احترام می گذارم، می توانند این نقدی که اشاره کردید را داشته باشند. کما این که از منتقدان گرفته تا آنهایی که به عنوان داور در جشنواره فجر هستند این را گفته اند، حرف های خنده داری زدند که حتی مرغ پخته در دیگ خنده اش می گیرد، یکی از داور های محترم جشنواره فجر گفته بود بازی ارجمند در «امیرعلی» فیلم اعتراض مثل «اسی در به در» فیلم آدم برفی است، فقط یک شعور متوسط که بازیگری نمی فهمد چنین اشتباه بزرگی را می کند این که کسی نقش های نزدیک به هم بازی کند، اما فاصله آنها را رعایت کند سخت است، سخت است که هم حشمت فردوس را بازی کنی با دو پسر هم حاج حیدر سیاه شونی با دو پسر، اما حاج حیدر هیچ ربطی به حشمت فردوس ندارد، برخی تا ظاهر قضیه را می بینند، سریع حکم می دهند برای این که ما انسان های ظاهربینی هستیم، اگر بصیرت داشته باشیم، می فهمیم که چه فاصله ای بین این دو نقش وجود دارد و تفاوت آن در چیست.
یعنی منظورتان این است که در نهایت هیچ منتقدی نمی تواند رفتار و نوع بازیگری شما را تغییر دهد؟
من این حرف ها را خیلی جدی نمی گیرم، اینها لقلقه زبان هستند. من با هیچ منتقدی بحثی ندارم. این اواخر با گزارشگر یک روزنامه صحبت کردم که اصرار داشت بگوید تمام بازی های شما مثل هم است، گفتم شما راست می گویید، کسی باید این حرف را بزند که در بازیگری صاحب نظر باشد. من خیلی به این حرف ها اهمیت نمی دهم.
نظرتان را در مورد این گزاره که اگر کارگردان درجه اول پشت شما باشد، نتیجه درخشان می شود، چیست؟ با این مخالفید؟
کارگردان ماهر پشت هر کسی باشد، کارش درخشان می شود. البته در خیلی موارد این طور نیست و این را قبول ندارم که کارگردان خوب می تواند از چوب هنرپیشه بسازد. پس چرا زمانی که موقع بازی می شود، سراغ آدم های خاص می روند، ذات یک هنرپیشه قوت و قدرتی دارد که خودش هم در کاری که انجام می دهد، نقش دارد.
پس مشکل کجاست؟ چرا دیگر مدت هاست بازی های درجه یک و ماندگار شما را در سینما و تلویزیون شاهد نیستیم؟
گرفتاری ما در ایران سوژه سناریوست به همین دلیل مجبوری فیلم هایی را با فاصله کم بازی کنی. من کارگردان خوب را اندیشه خوب می دانم. فاصله تکنیکی سینمای کیارستمی، بیضایی و یا تقوایی با بسیاری از کارگردان هایی که یک درجه از اینها پایین تر هستند چقدر است؟ آن فاصله عمیقی که وجود دارد در طرز تلقی و اندیشه اینهاست، من قبول دارم که وقتی با یک کارگردان خوب کار می کنم، بهتر هستم. چون فیلم درجه سه کار نمی کند.
البته جسارت است، ولی شما سابقه بازی در فیلم های زرد و به اصطلاح سوپر مارکتی را هم دارید!
خوب اینجا، یک نکته وجود دارد که من چقدر باید منتظر باشم تا یک کارگردان خوب با یک سناریوی درست سراغ من بیاید، من که پیتزافروشی یا تریا ندارم، کار من بازیگری است اگر هم بخواهم کاری به جز بازیگری انجام دهم حتم بدانید که قهوه روی میز کسی نمی گذارم بلکه سخنگوی ورزش باستانی خواهم شد، مجری برنامه تلویزیونی می شوم. می خواهم بگویم که نمی توانم منتظر بمانم و ببینم چه کسی اجاره خانه من را می دهد یا پول تحصیل بچه هایم را در خارج پرداخت می کند. من مثل تراکتور کار می کنم و دستم را به طرف هیچ کس دراز نکردم. ممکن است مردانه قرض گرفته و مردانه پس داده باشم، پس منتظر یک کارگردان ماهر نمی مانم، آدم حرفه ای هستم و تا زمانی که کار به ابتذال نرود، کار می کنم.
چند «نه» بزرگی را که در زندگیتان گفتید، برایمان می گویید؟
اتفاقا یک چیزی را به شما بگویم، جمله ای را که برای اولین بار من در مجله دنیای تصویر گفتم و این حرف بعدا توسط خیلی ها تکرار شد، هیچ مهم نیست؛ چون حرف خوب را باید زد تا همه تکرار کنند. من به کارهایی که کردم افتخار نمی کنم، بلکه به کارهایی که نکرده ام افتخار می کنم. من به بله هایی که گفته ام هرگز افتخار نمی کنم به نه هایی که گفته ام، افتخار می کنم. نه های بزرگی در زندگیم گفتم که اگر آنها را نگفته بودم، شاید زندگی بهتر از این داشتم.
یک مصداق معرفی می کنید؟
نه قابل گفتن نیست، البته در سینما هم بوده این نه هایی که گفتم.
خوب یکی از همان فیلم ها و نه گفتن ها را بگویید؟
مثلا نرفتن به فیلم اخراجی ها که خیلی دوست داشتند من نقش حاج رسول را بازی کنم و آقای سلحشور این را پنهان نکردند. آقای سلحشور بودند دیگر کارگردان اخراجی ها؟
نه، آقای مسعود ده نمکی کارگردان اخراجی ها بودند.
من اینها را قاطی می کنم، این ها را حذف نکنید تا صادقانه باشد. آقای ده نمکی، رضا شریفی نیا و پسرم که در فیلم بازی می کرد و خیلی های دیگر اصرار کردند، اما با این که پول و شهرت خوبی داشت گفتم نه!
به چه دلیل؟
برای این که فیلمنامه و شکل کار را قبول نداشتم و هنوز هم قبول ندارم.
یعنی با این که مخاطب زیادتری پیدا می کردید و یک موضوع جدیدی هم بود، نه گفتید.
بله، آنهایی که در فیلم های فارسی گذشته می رقصیدند خیلی طرفدار داشتند، کمیت که دلیل بر کیفیت نیست، متاسفانه جهان ما جهان کمیت است و همه آدم ها به کمیت هایشان تکریم می شوند نه کیفیت. بعضی از هنرپیشه هایی که در این مملکت عکسشان از بیلبوردها پایین نمی آید و یک سریال نیست که در یک گوشه ای از آن یک نقشی نداشته باشند، دچار این کمیت مبتذل شده اند.
اگر من هم 12 میلیارد در جیبم بود به انتقادی گوش نمی کردم. ده نمکی مجوز این کار را داشت و می توانست انجام دهد که در ابتدا خیلی چیزها را به سخره بگیرند و در آخر با یک جمله روی آن ماله بکشند، جوک هایی که مردم در خفا به هم می گفتند. یکدفعه آمد روی پرده سینما و همه دسته جمعی خندیدند، اما کمیت دلیل بر کیفیت نیست. آدم ها به خاطر حساب های میلیاردی، خانه در پاریس و کانادا، به خاطر بازی در صدوبیست وچهار فیلم و… تکریم می شوند، اینها متفاوتند با آن کسی که می ماند، این آقایان با امثال علی حاتمی و ناصر تقوایی فرق می کنند، تقوایی سه فیلم ساخته، ولی در کیفیت در تاریخ از آن حرف می زنند، ولی هیچ کس از فیلم های 12 میلیارد فروخته حرف نمی زند، چون اینها تاریخ مصرف محدود دارند.
بزرگترین اشتباهی که در زندگی هنری و غیرهنری تان مرتکب شدید حالا چه در انتخاب فیلم یا مسائل شخصی چه بوده؟
انسان جایزالخطاست و اگر اشتباه نکند می شود معصوم، من هم اشتباه داشتم.
یک مورد را ذکر می کنید؟
نه، به خاطر مسائلی دوست ندارم بگویم، اشتباهات اینطوری که چرا رفتم بازی کردم، بوده، ولی چون نیت بدی در سازندگان وجود نداشته و من معتقد به الاعمال بالنیات هستم به آنها فکر نمی کنم، گفتم، من به آن کارهایی که رد کردم، افتخار می کنم.
جایی گفته بودید که پشت صحنه همه فیلم هایتان را یادداشت می کنید، یکی از آن ناگفته ها را برای خوانندگان ما می گویید؟
نمی توانم بگویم، از طرف روزنامه ها خواستند که به صورت پاورقی در اختیارشان بگذارم یا از سوی مجلات مختلفی هم درخواست شد، اما آنها را گذاشتم برای زمانی که نمی توانم سنگین تر از قلم را به دست بگیریم؛ چون چیزهایی است که اگر امروز گفته شود شاید خیلی خوشایند نباشد و فکر کنند که من حسادت و غرض ورزی دارم. نوشته هایم را برای بعد گذاشتم و برای تجربه تاریخ و نسل جدید که بداند ما چگونه بودیم، فیلم ها چطور ساخته می شد، شادی ها و رنج هایشان چه بود.
فکر می کنید در سینمای ایران به جایی که حقتان بوده است، رسیده اید؟
من جایی را از سینمای ایران طلب نکردم، «پرواز را به خاطر بسپار، پرنده مردنی است.»
دلتان می خواست در سریال «مختارنامه» با آقای میرباقری همکاری کنید؟
نه، اگر دلم می خواست می توانستم بازی کنم.
به شما پیشنهاد شد؟
بله زمانی که در یزد بودم، آقای بیک زاده پیشنهاد کردند.
چرا بازی نکردید؟
دلایلش شخصی است.
شاید خیلی انتظار می رفت که شما در این فیلم بازی کنید.
من به دنیا نیامده ام که انتظارات دیگران را برآورده کنم، اشتباهی که خیلی از هنرمندان انجام می دهند. من دو فیلم مذهبی بازی کرده ام که برای تمام عمرم کافی است و اگر کاری برتر از آنها نباشد، بازی نمی کنم. نقش مالک اشتر و عبدالعظیم حسنی را بازی کردم که اولی در تاریخ مشخص است کیست و قبر دومی هم در یک قدمی ماست.
راز سخنوری خراسانی ها با توجه به این که شما هم خراسانی هستید در چیست؟
پدر من اهل بیرجند بوده و به هر حال زبان پارسی پشت قباله ماست. سرزمین عجیبی برای سخنوری است برای این که ناگزیر بودند از این زبان حفاظت کنند. به قول ایرج که گفت «برادر جان خراسان است اینجا، سخن گفتن نه آسان است اینجا» این است که این ژن در آنجا نسل به نسل آمده است.
آرزوی داریوش ارجمند برای سینمای ایران؟
ما برای نسل گذشته خودمان آدم های موجهی بودیم. من این را از زبان همه آنها شنیده ام، اما برای نسل بعد از ما به خاطر اتفاقات عجیب و غریب که در جهان افتاده، دشوارتر است، به خاطر این که در زمان ما کیفیت حرف اول را می زد، در دوران ما با زحمت می توانستی به جایی برسی نه با تقلب و زد و بند. از اینها انتظامی یا مشایخی به وجود نمی آیند، آنجا اصالت هایی وجود داشت، آنجا نابرده رنج گنج میسر نمی شود، بود.
شرم آورترین چیز در سینمای ایران؟
این که مثل الان بتوانی پول بدهی و نقش بخری!
و حرف پایانی؟
از شما ممنونم و به گفته اتللو «اگر نامه ای به حکومت ونیز می نویسید، حقیقت را آنچنان که هست بنویسید، نه چیزی بر آن بیفزایید نه چیزی از آن بکاهید.»
” داریوش ارجمند 5 مرداد سال 1323 در تهران به دنیا آمد. او دارای مدرک کارشناسی ارشد تئاتر و سینما از دانشگاه پاریس و کارشناسی تاریخ و جامعه شناسی از دانشگاه مشهد است. او در دوره کارشناسی از شاگردان علی شریعتی بوده است. “<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>L’Ucraina, indipendente dal 1991, ha costantemente risentito del retaggio del periodo sovietico che ha condizionato le sue relazioni tanto con la Russia e gli altri paesi emersi dalla dissoluzione sovietica, tanto con gli interlocutori euro-atlantici. La quasi totalità dell’attuale territorio ucraino è appartenuta per secoli prima all’Impero russo, poi all’Urss nella forma istituzionale di Repubblica socialista sovietica. I legami con la Russia hanno continuato a condizionare il modo in cui Kiev ha guardato alla politica internazionale. Le ragioni sono molteplici: in primo luogo, il territorio ucraino ospita consistenti minoranze di etnia russa e di lingua russofona, in Crimea e nell’Ucraina sud-orientale, e, infine, l’Ucraina è un importante hub energetico di transito verso l’Europa occidentale. D’altra parte, l’approfondimento delle relazioni in ambito bilaterale e multilaterale con i paesi dell’Unione Europea (Eu) e gli Stati Uniti rappresentano un tentativo di acquisire maggiore indipendenza dall’influenza russa. Il suo orientamento occidentalista è emerso con le proteste anti-governative della Maidan Nezalezhnosti (Piazza dell’Indipendenza) a Kiev nel novembre del 2013. La crisi ha acuito e ha fatto emergere le profonde divisioni sociali ed etniche presenti all’interno del paese ed è considerata la più grave crisi diplomatica tra Russia e Occidente dalla fine della Guerra fredda. All’origine della crisi vi è stata la decisione del presidente Viktor Janukovyč, il 21 novembre 2013, di sospendere la firma dell’Accordo di associazione e di stabilizzazione (Asa) con l’Eu prevista a Vilnius il 29 novembre successivo e di rivolgersi invece a Mosca per un sostegno finanziario e uno sconto sull’importazione di gas del 30%. Nei tre mesi successivi, un numero crescente di manifestanti ha occupato le piazze di Kiev chiedendo sia un ripensamento dell’esecutivo circa il mancato accordo con l’Eu, sia le dimissioni del governo e del presidente stesso. Nel gennaio 2014, con l’approvazione parlamentare di una legge restrittiva della libertà di manifestazione, sono nuovamente esplose le violenze. Di fronte al crescente numero di scontri (che ha portato alla morte di circa 100 persone) e di manifestazioni filo-europeiste e a un fallito tentativo di mediazione con l’opposizione e i ministri degli esteri europei, si è assistito alle dimissioni del governo di Mykola Azarov e alla fuga del presidente Janukovyč nel febbraio 2014, prima a Kharkiv, nell’est russofono dell’Ucraina, e poi a Rostov, nella Russia meridionale. A seguito di ciò, la Rada ha conferito le funzioni presidenziali ad interim all’ex direttore dei servizi segreti ucraini e braccio destro della Tymošenko, Oleksandr Turčinov. Negli stessi giorni si insediava a Kiev un nuovo governo transitorio non riconosciuto dalla Russia ma supportato dall’Occidente e presieduto dal primo ministro Arsenij Jatsenjuk. Parallelamente venne formata una nuova coalizione ‘La scelta europea’, composta da 250 deputati delle principali formazioni filo-europeiste come Batkovshina (‘Patria’) di Julia Tymošenko, Udar (‘Pugno’) dell’ex pugile e attuale sindaco di Kiev, Vitalij Kličko, e Svoboda di Oleg Tjagnibok. Appena insediato, il nuovo governo ad interim ha votato la scarcerazione dell’ex premier Tymošenko, il mandato di cattura nei confronti dell’ex presidente, il ritorno alla Costituzione del 2004 e ha indetto elezioni presidenziali anticipate per il 25 maggio 2014. In risposta, la Russia ha avviato operazioni militari nella regione autonoma della Crimea; parallelamente i filo-russi hanno occupato il parlamento locale e hanno indetto per il 16 marzo un referendum sulla secessione dall’Ucraina e a favore dell’annessione alla Russia.
Gli strascichi politico-diplomatici della crisi in Crimea hanno fornito il terreno di scontro tra Russia e Occidente a livello sia militare, sia economico. La diversità di vedute tra Washington e Mosca si è dimostrata infatti troppo ampia, con la prima non intenzionata a riconoscere l’esito del referendum, la seconda non preoccupata delle minacce di sanzioni dell’Occidente ed ertasi a protettrice delle rivendicazioni etno-linguistiche della Crimea e di tutte le popolazioni russofone in Ucraina e nello spazio ex-sovietico.
Fallita pertanto la soluzione diplomatica in Crimea e non riconosciuto l’esito del referendum da parte di Kiev, il governo Jatsenjuk ha continu
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effect is similar to the "Doppler shift" observed with sound waves. With the "Doppler shift", the sound pitch of an object moving toward your location is higher due to compression (a change in the phase) of sound waves. As an object moves away from your location, sound waves are stretched resulting in a lower frequency.
You have probably heard this effect from an emergency vehicle or train. As the vehicle or train passes your location, the siren or whistle's pitch lowers as the object passes by.
Doppler radar pulses have an average transmitted power of about 450,000 watts. By comparison, a typical home microwave oven will generate about 1,000 watts of energy. Yet, each pulse only lasts about 0.00000157 seconds (1.57x10-6), with a 0.00099843-second (998.43x10-6) "listening period" in between.
Therefore, the total time the radar is actually transmitting (when the duration of transmission of all pulses each hour are added together), the radar is "on" for a little over 7 seconds each hour. The remaining 59 minutes and 53 seconds are spent listening for any returned signals.
The NWS Doppler radar employs scanning strategies in which the antenna automatically raises to higher and higher preset angles, called elevation slices, as it rotates. These elevation slices comprise a volume coverage pattern (VCP).
Once the radar sweeps through all elevation slices a volume scan is complete. In precipitation mode, the radar completes a volume scan every 4-6 minutes depending upon which volume coverage pattern (VCP) is in operation, providing a 3-dimensional look at the atmosphere around the radar site.
Take it to the MAX! Volume Coverage Patterns: Turn it up!
Take it to the MAX! Beam me up!
Take it to the MAX! Getting a Second Opinion
An addition to the NWS Doppler radar has been of dual-polarization of the radar pulse. The "dual-pol" upgrade included new software and a hardware attachment to the radar dish that provides a much more informative two-dimensional picture.
Dual-pol radar helps NWS forecasters clearly identify rain, hail, snow, the rain/snow line, and ice pellets improving forecasts for all types of weather.
Another important benefit is dual-pol more clearly detects airborne tornado debris (the debris ball) - allowing forecasters to confirm a tornado is on the ground and causing damage so they can more confidently warn communities in its path. This is especially helpful at night when ground spotters are unable to see the tornado.
These two images show how dual-polarization helps the NWS forecaster detect a tornado producing damage. The left image shows how the Doppler radar can detect rotation. Between the two yellow arrows, the red color indicates outbound wind while the green colors indicated inbound wind relative to the location of the radar.
Prior to dual-polarization, this is all we knew that there is a rotation near the earth's surface. Unless there were storm spotters visibly watching the storm we would not know for certain that a tornado was present.
The right image shows how dual-polarization information helps detect debris picked up by the tornado so we have confidence of a tornado as these two areas coincide.
All modern radars are Doppler radars. Therefore the old-time radar sweeping line is no longer applicable. Some local television stations continue to show a sweeping radar on their broadcast however.
The sweeping arm is fake. The radar image itself may be valid but the sweeping arm is added by the computer. Even if it appears an image updates once the line passes any particular storm, that sweeping line is computer generated and not real.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>di Nancy W. Burkhart, RDH, EdD
[email protected]
La sua paziente di oggi è una donna di 34 anni che ha preso un appuntamento per determinare l’eziologia di una macchia eritematosa sulla sua mucosa buccale destra. Ha notato quest’area rossa non dolorosa e non ulcerativa circa un anno fa, ma ha deciso di aspettare fino a quando ha stabilito uno studio dentistico e ha potuto prendere un appuntamento.
Perché lei valuta l’area, nota che la lesione eritematosa è adiacente a un restauro in amalgama. Il paziente ha fatto posizionare il restauro circa 14 mesi fa – prima di un trasferimento di lavoro.
Dopo aver valutato il restauro e successivamente sostituito l’amalgama con un restauro non metallico, la lesione è diminuita. È stato determinato che la causa era dovuta ad una sensibilità ai componenti metallici del restauro o ad una “reazione lichenoide di contatto” (vedi Figura 1).
Reazione lichenoide di contatto. Per gentile concessione di Delong L e Burkhart N W. General and Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Baltimora, 2008.
Eziologia: Le reazioni lichenoidi possono essere causate da sensibilità ai restauri in amalgama, sensibilità al metallo come ai fili ortodontici, parziali, ecc. Ma anche altri prodotti possono causare una reazione di ipersensibilità negli individui. Corone e restauri in composito possono anche suggerire una reazione lichenoide in pazienti sensibili.
I prodotti come i farmaci che vengono somministrati per il trattamento di stati patologici sistemici, come il lupus eritematoso e la malattia da innesto contro l’ospite, possono produrre ciò che viene definito “mucosite lichenoide”. Le reazioni lichenoidi indotte da farmaci sono la causa più comune di lesioni lichenoidi.
Anche i prodotti dentali possono causare reazioni lichenoidi. Gli individui possono essere sensibili agli agenti di controllo del tartaro nel dentifricio, agli alimenti contenenti cannella, agli additivi (vedi “Toothpaste allergy,” RDH, giugno 2007), ai conservanti e agli agenti aromatizzanti come il balsamo del Perù (Torgerson, 2007), e alla menta piperita, wintergreen, ecc. Poiché i prodotti dentali generalmente entrano in contatto con tutte le aree della bocca, le lesioni che si verificano sono più spesso visualizzate in tutta la bocca, al contrario della lesione da contatto nel caso studio.
Questa diapositiva è di un paziente che sta prendendo Naprosyn. Per gentile concessione del Dr. Terry Rees.
Nel caso presentato, l’area arrossata è in contatto con il restauro in amalgama. La reazione tissutale può essere intorno al tessuto adiacente o eventualmente al margine gengivale se il restauro si estende nel tessuto gengivale.
Lo stesso paziente due settimane dopo la sospensione del farmaco Naprosyn per gentile concessione del Dott. Terry Rees.
La dispersione in tutta la bocca si trova anche nelle reazioni lichenoidi dovute all’uso di farmaci come gli antinfiammatori non steoidei e i farmaci contro la pressione alta. Le figure 2 e 3 sono di un paziente che prendeva Naprosyn. Dopo aver sospeso il farmaco, il tessuto nella figura 3 era notevolmente meno infiammato. Il paziente ha preso Tylenol durante il periodo di due settimane e in seguito gli è stato prescritto un altro FANS.
Patogenesi: I patologi possono riferirsi a “reazioni lichenoidi” nei rapporti patologici e possono anche usare i termini “mucosite lichenoide” o “mucosite cronica con caratteristiche lichenoidi”. La ragione di questo è che non ci sono abbastanza caratteristiche distintive che rendono la reazione lichenoide una diagnosi definitiva per il vero lichen planus. Pertanto, la diagnosi può essere di lichen planus o di reazione lichenoide a seconda di quanto chiaramente coerenti possano essere le caratteristiche in un campione di tessuto – o detto in altro modo, quanto alterate possano essere le caratteristiche dal franco lichen planus.
A un paziente che sta assumendo più farmaci può essere offerto il trattamento standard per il lichen planus, che è normalmente un regime di corticosteroidi topici. Se il trattamento non offre segni di risposta, il medico vorrebbe considerare la possibilità di una “reazione lichenoide indotta da farmaci”. A quel punto, si può considerare la possibilità di un agente offensivo o la possibilità di una reazione indotta da un farmaco. Spesso, determinare la possibilità di una reazione lichenoide quando il paziente usa più farmaci è una questione di tentativi ed errori.
Fornendo quante più informazioni possibili sul paziente e sulla storia della lesione al patologo orale, maggiori sono le probabilità di ottenere una diagnosi più definitiva. Il patch test aiuta il patologo a raggiungere una diagnosi. I patch test eseguiti da un dermatologo possono determinare la reazione del paziente a certi metalli, aromi o altri possibili agenti ambientali.
Caratteristiche esteriori: Le lesioni cutanee e le reazioni di ipersensibilità appaiono come classiche lesioni cutanee lichen planus denotate da placche viola, poligonali che sono di natura pruritica (vedi “Lichen Planus,” RDH, febbraio 2007).
Caratteristiche periorali e intraorali: Il lichen planus idiopatico convenzionale si trova di solito bilateralmente. Le reazioni lichenoidi da contatto come quella presentata nel caso studio si trovano unilateralmente a causa del contatto diretto con i tessuti. Tuttavia, quando l’individuo sta consumando un prodotto come quello che viene disperso in tutta la bocca, la superficie del tessuto può essere interessata in totale. Le lesioni possono essere bianche, rosse o in combinazione – proprio come nel vero lichen planus.
Caratteristiche distintive: Il lichen planus può essere chiaramente differenziato nei casi in cui i modelli sono molto suggestivi delle classiche caratteristiche del lichen planus, sia clinicamente che microscopicamente. Tuttavia, le reazioni lichenoidi possono a volte essere abbastanza simili nelle caratteristiche da essere etichettate come lichen planus, quando potrebbero, infatti, essere una risposta allergica.
Myers et al. 2002 hanno fatto l’osservazione che questo potrebbe impedire o impedire ulteriori indagini delle lesioni. Il medico può decidere che non sono necessarie altre indagini perché “è un lichen planus” e le lesioni vengono trattate come tali. Il contrario può accadere quando la diagnosi è vaga e non identificata come vero lichen planus, e il medico può cercare ulteriormente una diagnosi più definitiva. Gli autori citano una diagnosi resa in 20 casi di lichen planus orale come spesso contenente una terminologia nella diagnosi come “possibile” o “probabile” piuttosto che definitiva in natura.
Caratteristiche microscopiche: Il campione di tessuto associato al lichen planus mostra una degenerazione degli strati cellulari basali e un aumento degli infiltrati di linfociti. Lo strato delle cellule basali ha tipicamente un aspetto bulboso o a “dente di sega”. Si osservano cellule epiteliali degeneranti, o corpi di Civatte. I corpi di Civatte, che si osservano al microscopio, sono corpi ovoidali eosinofili che sono cheratinociti apoptotici (cellule morenti) o necrotici (cellule epiteliali che alla fine si cheratinizzano) alla membrana basale.
Le segnalazioni associate alle reazioni lichenoidi includono vari risultati come un infiltrato subepiteliale che è diffuso e si estende in profondità. Inoltre, i rapporti di aumento degli eosinofili che si trovano anche nelle reazioni di tipo allergico, parakeratosi e aumento delle plasmacellule. Non ci sono attualmente criteri diagnostici definitivi per le reazioni lichenoidi, e i campioni di tessuto variano.
Diagnosi differenziale: Regimi farmacologici multipli e complessi e combinazioni di farmaci in un paziente possono spiegare le reazioni di tipo “lichenoide” che continuano ad essere segnalate. Nuovi farmaci sono costantemente prodotti e prescritti, rendendo molto difficile isolare i farmaci colpevoli in un individuo che assume più farmaci in un dato momento. È noto che le risposte di tipo allergico possono essere osservate in qualsiasi momento della vita e, poiché vengono costantemente introdotti nuovi farmaci, gli effetti collaterali possono non essere noti per un certo tempo. Ogni individuo può reagire in modo diverso a tutti i farmaci o alle combinazioni di questi nuovi prodotti.
Trattamento e prognosi: Il trattamento delle reazioni lichenoidi dipende dall’agente offensivo. A volte, se il problema è dovuto a una reazione lichenoide associata a un farmaco, può essere sufficiente cambiare il paziente con un altro farmaco. Questo non è mai suggerito senza la consultazione del medico del paziente. In alcuni casi, il paziente può non avere la possibilità di sostituire i farmaci, quindi questa a volte non è una soluzione semplice.
Fornire quante più informazioni possibili al patologo che legge qualsiasi biopsia è estremamente importante. Fornire una lista di tutti i farmaci, allergie, prodotti dentali, o aromi che il paziente sta usando, una buona descrizione della storia della salute, malattie precedenti, e un vetrino (digitale o anche una stampa) è utile. Se un vetrino non è disponibile, una descrizione completa della lesione, compresa la posizione esatta, è benvenuta.
Spesso dimentichiamo di fare domande specifiche quando prendiamo l’anamnesi e colleghiamo informazioni sanitarie pertinenti sul paziente. Un buon esempio è un caso di studio presentato su The New England Journal of Medicine nel 1996. Il caso era quello di un uomo di 24 anni che consumava circa 200-300 ml a settimana di Goldschlager, una grappa italiana alla cannella contenente minuscole scaglie d’oro, durante il periodo di un anno. Il paziente ha sviluppato lesioni cutanee molto simili al lichen planus. L’oro è uno degli agenti che, se somministrato come agente terapeutico (vedi elenco dei farmaci nella tabella 1), induce una reazione cutanea lichenoide. I livelli d’oro sierici e urinari sono stati misurati e hanno confermato un alto livello d’oro in questo paziente. I livelli misurabili sono rimasti anche a tre mesi dopo che il paziente ha cessato il consumo.
Questo studio di caso è interessante perché, anche se possiamo chiedere del consumo di alcol, sarebbe raro per un clinico chiedere del tipo o della marca di alcol. In questo caso particolare, è stato molto utile conoscere la marca. I fiocchi d’oro in questo liquore contenevano anche un agente aromatizzante alla cannella che avrebbe potuto aggravare i sintomi. Il liquore a scaglie d’oro è comunemente usato in Europa, ma sembra che stia guadagnando popolarità negli Stati Uniti (vedi Figura 4).
Goldschlager
Far tenere al paziente un diario di due settimane di tutto ciò che mangia o mette in bocca permetterà al medico di cercare dei modelli. Anche gli agenti ambientali possono essere parte dello scenario. Siamo costantemente bombardati da così tante sostanze chimiche, detergenti, profumi, conservanti e nuovi prodotti. È spesso difficile determinare un agente specifico. Un elenco di tutti i prodotti dentali, compresi gli spray per la bocca, è anche suggerito.
Il paziente potrebbe provare altri prodotti senza agenti aromatizzanti o alcuni degli additivi noti che possono produrre problemi in alcuni individui. Un clinico astuto può veramente fare la differenza nella vita del paziente – ascolta i tuoi pazienti e continua a fare buone domande.
Per maggiori informazioni sulle reazioni lichenoidi e sul lichen planus orale vai a: http://bcd.tamhsc.edu/outreach/lichen/
McCartan BE & Lamey PJ. Antigene specifico del lichen planus nel lichen planus orale e nelle eruzioni lichenoidi orali da farmaci. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;89:585-7.
Myers SL, Rhodus NL, Parsons HM, Hodges JS, Kaimal S. A retrospective survey of oral lichenoid lesions: Rivisitazione del processo diagnostico per il lichen planus orale. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2002;93:676-81.
Russell MA, King LE, Boyd AS. Lichen Planus dopo il consumo di un liquore contenente oro. New England Journal of Medicine. 1996, Feb 29(334)9: 603.
Thornhill MH, Pemberton MN, Simmons RK, Theaker ED
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وضعیت اقتصادی امروز، تقریبا مشابه وضعیت ١٨ سال پیش است. در آن زمان نیز ارزش لیر به طور چشمگیری در برابر دلار کاهش یافت، همه کالاها گرانتر شده و شرکت ها دیگر نمی توانستند وام های ارز خارجی خود را پرداخت کنند. هم اکنون امکان دارد وضعیت مشابهی رخ دهد. علت اصلی بحران سال ٢٠٠١/٢٠٠٠ فساد فراگیر، به خصوص در بخش بانکی دولتی بود. بر اساس اظهارات اکثر کارشناسان، فساد نیز یکی از مشخصه های نظام حکومتی اردوغان است.
اخبار بد اقتصادی به طور خودکار به این معنی نیست که اردوغان در انتخابات شکست خواهد خورد. به منظور تضمین پیروزی حتمی، اردوغان باید در همان دور اول انتخابات ریاست جمهوری پیروز شود. در همان زمان نیز قانون اساسی جدیدی اعمال می شود که اردوغان از طریق رفراندوم با نتیجه بسیار تنگاتنگی (٥١,٨ درصد) به تصویب رساند.
آخرین نظرسنجی ها در ماه مه، محبوبیت او را ٤٣ درصد اعلام می کند. با وجود این که تقریبا همه رسانه ها تحت کنترل وی قرار داشته و بسیاری از مردم جرات نمی کنند که انتخاب های سیاسی خود را به نظرسنجان ابراز کنند.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Calibrating a Bizerba meat slicer is a crucial step in ensuring the precision and accuracy of the slicing process. Proper calibration helps maintain the quality and consistency of the sliced meat, ultimately impacting the overall efficiency of the operation. By following the manufacturer’s guidelines and using the appropriate tools, operators can effectively calibrate the machine to meet their specific slicing requirements.
To begin the calibration process, it is essential to refer to the user manual provided by Bizerba for detailed instructions tailored to the specific model of the meat slicer. Typically, the calibration involves adjusting the blade speed, slice thickness, and carriage position to achieve the desired cutting results. Using precision measuring tools, such as a dial indicator or micrometer, operators can make incremental adjustments to align the machine with the required settings.
Properly calibrated meat slicers not only ensure consistent and uniform slices but also contribute to the overall safety and performance of the equipment. In the following sections, we will delve into the step-by-step process of calibrating a Bizerba meat slicer, providing a comprehensive guide for operators to achieve optimal slicing precision.
Understanding the Importance of Calibration:
Before diving into the calibration process, it’s crucial to grasp why it’s necessary. A Bizerba slicer’s accuracy directly impacts the quality and presentation of the sliced products. Whether you’re slicing meats, cheeses, or vegetables, consistency is key.
Calibration ensures uniform thickness, minimizing waste and maximizing yield. Moreover, precise calibration enhances safety by reducing the risk of accidents associated with uneven cuts or sharpening the blade irregularities.
Preparation Gathering the Essentials:
Before embarking on the calibration journey, gather the necessary tools and materials:
- Bizerba slicer manual: Your ultimate guide to understanding your slicer’s specifications and calibration procedures.
- Cleaning supplies: Ensure the meat slicer is thoroughly cleaned and free from any debris or residue that could interfere with calibration.
- Protective gear: Safety first! Wear cut-resistant gloves and other appropriate protective equipment.
- Calibration tools: Depending on your Bizerba model, you may need specific calibration tools such as a screwdriver or wrench.
- Reference materials: Keep handy any reference materials provided by Bizerba or reputable online resources for troubleshooting or additional guidance.
How to Calibrate a Bizerba Slicer Step-by-Step Process:
Now that you’re equipped with the essentials, let’s embark on the calibration journey:
- Consult the Manual: Familiarize yourself with your Bizerba slicer’s manual. It serves as your compass, guiding you through the calibration process with precision.
- Preparation: Ensure the slicer is powered off and unplugged before initiating any calibration procedures. Safety should always be a top priority.
- Inspect the Blade: Examine the slicing blade for any signs of wear, damage, or dullness. A sharp and well-maintained blade of the bizerba slicer is essential for achieving optimal slicing results.
- Adjust Thickness Settings: Depending on your slicing requirements, adjust the thickness settings on the slicer accordingly. Refer to the manual for guidance on making precise adjustments.
- Zero Position Calibration: This step ensures that the slicer’s zero position is accurately calibrated, serving as the baseline for all slicing operations. Follow the manual’s instructions for zero position calibration, utilizing the appropriate tools as needed.
- Test Slicing: Once the zero position is calibrated, conduct test slicing to verify the accuracy and consistency of the slices. Make any necessary adjustments to the thickness settings to achieve the desired results.
- Fine-tuning: Fine-tune the calibration as needed to address any discrepancies or irregularities observed during the test slicing process. Pay close attention to the uniformity of the slices and make incremental adjustments as necessary.
- Repeat and Validate: Calibration is an iterative process. Repeat the calibration steps as needed until you achieve consistent and precise slicing results. Validate the calibration by conducting periodic checks and adjustments to maintain optimal performance.
Tips for Optimal Calibration of Bizebra Slicer:
Achieving precise calibration requires attention to detail and adherence to best practices. Here are some tips to enhance the calibration process:
- Regular Maintenance: Implement a regular maintenance schedule to keep your Bizerba slicer in peak condition. Easy to Clean and proper lubrication are essential for smooth operation and accurate calibration.
- Document Calibration Procedures: Keep detailed records of calibration procedures, including dates, adjustments made, and any issues encountered. This documentation serves as a reference for future calibrations and troubleshooting.
- Stay Updated: Stay informed about any updates or revisions to calibration procedures provided by Bizerba. Subscribe to newsletters, attend training sessions, and utilize online resources to stay abreast of the latest developments in slicer calibration techniques.
- Training and Education: Invest in training and education for your kitchen staff to ensure they understand the importance of calibration and are proficient in performing the necessary procedures. Well-trained personnel are essential for maintaining consistent slicing quality.
- Quality Assurance: Implement quality assurance protocols to monitor slicing results and identify any deviations from desired standards. Promptly address any issues and recalibrate as needed to uphold quality and safety standards.
Conclusion of Bizerba slicer troubleshooting:
Calibrating a Bizerba slicer is a meticulous yet rewarding process that is easy to clean and ensures precision, consistency, and safety in your kitchen operations. By following the manufacturer’s step-by-step guide outlined above and adhering to best practices, you can master the art of slicer calibration and elevate your culinary creations to new heights of excellence. Remember, precision is not just a goal; it’s a commitment to excellence in every slice.
Frequently Asked Questions About how to calibrate a bizerba slicer
Why is calibration important for a Bizerba slicer?
Calibration ensures that the slicer operates with precision and consistency, resulting in uniform slices of meats, cheeses, and vegetables. It maximizes yield, minimizes waste, and enhances safety by reducing the risk of accidents associated with uneven cuts.
How often should I calibrate my Bizerba slicer?
The frequency of calibration depends on factors such as usage frequency, slicing volume, and environmental conditions. As a general rule, it’s recommended to calibrate the slicer regularly, ideally as removable parts of a routine maintenance schedule. Additionally, conduct calibration whenever you notice deviations in slicing quality or consistency.
What if I encounter difficulties during the calibration process?
If you encounter difficulties during calibration, refer to the Bizerba slicer manual for troubleshooting guidance. Additionally, consult online resources, contact Bizerba customer portal support, or seek assistance from trained technicians if needed. It’s essential to address any issues promptly to maintain optimal slicer performance.
Can I perform calibration without professional assistance?
While calibration procedures can be performed by trained kitchen staff following the guidelines outlined in the Bizerba slicer manual, it’s advisable to seek professional assistance if you encounter challenges or if the slicer requires complex adjustments. Professional technicians have the expertise and tools necessary to ensure accurate calibration and optimal slicer performance.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>also discourse prosody, describes the way in which certain seemingly neutral words can come to carry positive or negative associations through frequently occurring with particular collocations.
An example given by John Sinclair is the combination set in, which has a negative prosody: rot is a prime example for what is going to set in. Other well-known examples are cause, which is also mostly used in a negative context (accident, catastrophe, etc.), though one can also say that something "caused happiness". (Wikipedia)<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Learning a martial art is an excellent way for kids to get an adequate amount of exercise – both physically and mentally. If you are trying to find the right martial art for your child to learn, you may be overwhelmed by the many different martial art forms out there.
The easiest martial art for kids is Karate. While no martial art is easy to master, Karate does not primarily use aggressive sport based techniques compared to some martial art forms. With a perfect blend of ‘Art’ and sport, it is straight forward for children of all ages.
Karate also offers a wide selection of benefits for kids, including:
Learn more about what Karate entails, the benefits of Karate, as well as other great martial art styles for kids below!
What is Karate?
Originating in Japan, Karate is a form of defensive combat using body movements and no weaponry. The martial art form, Karate, consists of three major types of practices:
- Kihon: This includes the fundamental techniques of Karate, such as blocks, strikes, kicks, and punches.
- Kata: Kata is a choreographed combination of blocks, strikes, stances, and other movements. This practice is done solo.
- Kumite: With Kumite, two Karate students spar against each other to practice their skills learned through Kihon and Kata.
Karate is considered the easiest martial art for a couple reasons:
- For one, while Karate includes sparring, the combative nature of this martial art is not as aggressive as other martial arts, such as Judo, Boxing, or even Taekwondo. Karate puts an emphasis on self-defense rather than offensive combat and sport competition.
- To learn more about safe sparring practices for children, you might like to read this in depth article I’ve written on the subject.
- Secondly, Karate offers an extensively structured journey. As Karate students improve their skills and pass specific examinations, they will earn many different colored belts, starting with a white belt and ending with a black belt to showcase their ranking. This provides an easier barrier to entry and can help new students from feeling overwhelmed by lack of direction. Many styles have fewer rankings if any.
To learn more about how your child can try a free karate class ONLINE, read here.
What are the Benefits of Karate?
Karate, which requires both physical and mental dedication, will provide your child with many long-term benefits. Some of these benefits include:
While this may seem an obvious benefit that comes to mind, Karate indeed does provide kids with a unique physical exercise that their growing bodies need. It offers a blend that many activities do not. Karate requires cardio strength and also helps develop muscular strength and good flexibility. Students will build their strength in a supervised environment and minimize the potential for your child to injure themselves.
One of the best pieces of equipment you can get for your child’s health and fitness is specifically well utilized by Karate training. A kicking bag can come in all shapes and sizes. I would suggest for younger and even middle school students the new Century Martial Arts inflatable kicking bag. It is even durable enough for teens and moms to use. Check it out here on Amazon.
Helps Teach Self-Discipline
Karate also helps teach children self-discipline. To earn their next belt, students must master individual skills. This discipline means students must learn how to hold themselves accountable and practice their skills consistently to reach whichever goal they set – whether getting their mae-geri (front) kick high enough or earning their purple belt.
The art of Karate helps teach kids how to respect everyone around them. The value of respect and compassion is emphasized throughout every facet of this martial art. In fact, from the very first lesson, students are taught to respect their instructor. Furthermore, students must learn to listen to the instructor to learn and improve upon their craft.
They are taught to only use their learned skills in Karate class for the foreseeable future in order to develop the character necessary to distinguish between self defense and aggression. They are taught creeds and oaths of conduct and the value of honor and respect.
Karate builds confidence in kids for several reasons. For one, kids gain confidence when they know they can learn new things and achieve the goals they set for themselves. This system of short and long term goals is not solely found in Karate, but it has one of the most well developed systems for this of all the martial arts.
Knowing they can protect themselves if needed can also create high self-esteem for Karate students. All of these accomplishments serves to make them less of a target for bullies and other dangers. To learn more about how martial arts in general and Karate specifically can help your child with the very real problem of bullying, see my article here.
Structure is essential in helping children learn healthy and crucial skills. Karate offers a structured routine with explicit rules and clear expectations for each class and home training session.
Creates a Sense of Community
While Karate is typically a form of martial art practiced alone, it still creates a sense of community for children. Being a part of a Karate class either in a studio, on location, or online helps children foster friendships and connections with other students and their instructors, based on a common interest and similar goals.
Patience is an essential skill for children to learn to grow into respectful adults. Karate takes years of consistent practice and patience to understand and improve in skill. Spending hours each week to perfect a craft allows your child to slow down and focus. Additionally, it helps kids become more patient by teaching them that mastering a skill takes time – it does not happen instantly.
Other Easy Martial Art Forms for Kids
Karate is not the only martial art that teaches your child essential life skills. Other easy martial art forms that provide many benefits for kids include:
Tae Kwon Do
Tae Kwon Do, a Korean martial art, is very similar to Karate. In fact, some Tae Kwon Do studios label themselves as Korean Karate studios. The main difference between Tae Kwon Do and Karate is that Tae Kwon Do tends to use more leg involvement and requires a different leg stance to allow for swift movements.
This martial art form offers many of the same benefits that Karate does, including self-discipline, respect, confidence, and a sense of community.
Another martial art that some parents not as opposed to aggressive competition my consider is Muay Thai for kids. Muay Thai uses knees, elbows, throws, and sweeps in its competition sport sparring technique.
It can be an acquired taste and definitely is not a choice for all parents. Though, there are some with troubled or very aggressive children that this can be a good option for. Boxing and wrestling have also been used in this capacity with some success for many years.
Unlike other martial art forms, Muay Thai does not have set ranks. Therefore, Muay Thai students can learn self-sufficiency by creating their own goals and learning how to effectively work towards them.
What’s more, by using structured movements instead of sparring impulsively, kids will learn how to better control their actions not only while competing, but in all aspects of life as well. To be sure, this is a full contact competition heavy sport, but for those needing direction, this could be just the answer.
Kung Fu originated in China and – like Tae Kwon Do – is relatively similar to Karate. Therefore, it teaches many similar life skills that both Tae Kwon Do and Karate teach. However, one main difference between Kung Fu and Karate is that Kung Fu can be slightly more complicated to learn.
This is because Kung Fu consists of a larger number of different techniques compared to Karate. Though this may not mean that the total number of techniques is larger, but the amount of circular movements and their variations definitely make it more difficult to learn and much less straight forward.
While wrestling does not have as complex a technique as other martial arts we’ve mentioned, it is still a very beneficial sport for kids to participate in. Again, the combative nature of the sport lends itself to specific kinds of kids and situations. Parents may or may not find that it works for their families. There are definitely great benefits to wrestling training.
- For one, it is an excellent physical exercise, as this sport requires flexibility, as well as dedicated strength and cardio training.
- Furthermore, wrestling teams help build a sense of community for your child and teach them how to be an effective team player.
- Lastly, many schools have wrestling teams, which can help lift some of the financial burdens off of the parents. Therefore, for those looking at the financials of a sport, wrestling can be a relatively cost-effective option.
Judo is similar to wrestling, with the critical difference being that wrestling is more intense and focuses more on athleticism.
With Judo, the main objective is to get your opponent to the ground and keep them there in a pinning hold. Since Judo requires you to hold your opponent for up to 30 seconds, it is actually more stationary and a less injury-prone martial art than wrestling is.
Like many other martial art forms, Judo helps teach children strength, confidence, self-discipline, responsibility, and more.
HapKiDo, a martial art form from Korean via influences from Japan, teaches choreographed techniques and focuses on not harming your opponent if at all possible. While HapKiDo students may not be able to utilize this martial art principle in every self-defense or dangerous real-life situation, it is an excellent choice for those who want to learn self-discipline, respect, and patience.
What’s more, this also means that HapKiDo is a great martial art form for those worried about potential injuries their child may get. And if you would like to learn more about the differences in martial art styles, check out this other article on my blog.
Whether you want to encourage your kid to be more active or your child needs an activity that will boost their self-confidence, Karate is a great option. With so many significant advantages this sport offers, Karate will help your child gain essential skills and values that will benefit them for the rest of their lives, including patience, excellent physical health, self-defense, and more.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>|Wing Span||12-61cm (4.7-24in)|
|Top Speed||24km/h (15mph)|
|Life Span||6-11 years|
|Conservation Status||Least Concern|
|Colour||Black, White, Grey, Tan, Brown, Red, Green|
|Habitat||Dense forest and woodland|
|Average Clutch Size||4|
|Main Prey||Seeds, Fruit, Insects|
|Predators||Rat, Snakes, Wild cats|
|Special Features||Long, hard beak and striking coloured feathers|
WoodpeckerThere are around 200 species of woodpecker inhabiting the forests and woodlands worldwide. Woodpeckers are found on every continent with the exception of the polar regions, Australia and Madagascar.
The smallest species of woodpecker is the Bar-breasted Piculet that only grows to 8cm in height. The Gray Slaty woodpecker from
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出伤口的代价，我愿意。”
习近平指出，改革开放40年来，中国人民自力更生、发愤图强、砥砺前行，依靠自己的辛勤和汗水书写了国家和民族发展的壮丽史诗。中国坚持打开国门搞建设。开放已经成为当代中国的鲜明标识。中国不断扩大对外开放，不仅发展了自己，也造福了世界。中国开放的大门不会关闭，只会越开越大。
责任编辑：张申深交所发函问询乐视网，要求说明偿还民生信托10亿欠款事宜深交所要求乐视和贾跃亭核实说明关于被执行人已履行9.01亿元人民币的支付方及资金来源等问题。马晓甜新年伊始，深陷债务漩涡的乐视网就麻烦不断。1月3日，深交所向乐视网下发问询函，针对近日公司披露的《关于债权转让暨关联交易的公告》以及民生信托已追回10亿欠款并撤回对乐视控股及贾跃亭执行申请等事项，要求公司在7日前就相关问题做出书面说明。
企业名称企业估值范围（亿人民币）总部行业1-蚂蚁金服10000杭州互联网金融2-字节跳动5000北京文化娱乐3-滴滴出行3000北京互联网服务4-陆金所2500上海互联网金融5-微众银行1500深圳互联网金融6-菜鸟网络1000杭州物流服务<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Help support New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download or CD-ROM. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more all for only $19.99...
(From Latin alo, "to nurse", or "feed").
Alumnus signifies in ecclesiastical usage, a student preparing for the sacred ministry in a seminary. Originally the word meant a child adopted with certain restricted privileges, or a foster-child. Since the Council of Trent, however, the word has become equivalent to a seminarian, and as such is often applied to the students of the ecclesiastical colleges in Rome. The Council of Trent (sess. xxiii, ch. 18, de Ref.) required bishops to establish institutions for the education of students for the priesthood. Formerly, church candidates had been educated in the houses of priests, in monasteries, or in the public universities. According to the Council, such alumni, among other qualifications, should be a least twelve years of age and able to read and write, and their disposition should be such as to give hope that they would adorn perpetually the sacred ministry. Children of the poor were to be especially favoured. Besides philosophy, theology, scripture, and canon law, they were to study rites and ceremonies, sacred eloquence and plain chant. The bishop was to see that the students heard Mass daily, confessed monthly, and communicated as often as advisable. On festival days they were to take part in the cathedral services. The bishop was also exhorted to visit these students frequently, to watch over their progress in learning and piety, and to remove hindrances to their advancement. In 1896, the Congregation of Bishops and Regulars laid down rules for the guidance of bishops in regard to alumni who attend public universities, requiring especially that they do not associate too familiarly with the other students, and that they be gathered frequently for spiritual conferences and for philosophical, theological, and historical discussions. (See ECCLESIASTICAL SEMINARY.)
LUCIDI, De Visit. Sac. Lim., I, III (Rome, 1889); LAURENTIUS, Inst. Jur. Eccl. (Freiburg, 1903), 471; BOUIX, De Episcopo, II (Paris, 1889).
APA citation. (1907). Alumnus. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01370a.htm
MLA citation. "Alumnus." The Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1907. <http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01370a.htm>.
Transcription. This article was transcribed for New Advent by Thomas M. Barrett. Dedicated to all seminarians.
Ecclesiastical approbation. Nihil Obstat. March 1, 1907. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York.
Contact information. The editor of New Advent is Kevin Knight. My email address is webmaster at newadvent.org. Regrettably, I can't reply to every letter, but I greatly appreciate your feedback — especially notifications about typographical errors and inappropriate ads.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>For New Jerseyans willing to bear bitter cold temperatures and a very early rise, there is expected to be quite a show in the sky early this morning.
According to NASA, the Quadrantid meteor shower is expected to peak tonight under mostly clear skies and should be visible after the moon sets from 3 to 5 a.m. But to catch the show, you’ve got to be on time.
“Peaking in the wee morning hours of Jan. 4, the Quadrantids have a maximum rate of about 100 per hour, varying between 60-200,” NASA wrote on its website. “The waxing gibbous moon will set around 3 a.m. local time, leaving about two hours of excellent meteor observing before dawn. It's a good thing, too, because unlike the more famous Perseid and Geminid meteor showers, the Quadrantids only last a few hours — it's the morning of Jan. 4, or nothing."
Much like the more well-known Geminids, the Quandrantids originate from an asteroid, in this case called 2003 EH1. The meteors that will be visible are fragments of the asteroid, which NASA said could be pieces of a comet that broke apart several centuries ago.
The tiny fragments enter Earth’s atmosphere at a blistering 90,000 miles per hour and generally burn up about 50 miles above the Earth’s surface, illuminating as thin streaks in the sky as they do.
Unfortunately, the Quadrantids meteor shower will coincide what could be the coldest night of the season. Temperatures in the early morning hours are expected to be in the teens in most places, and may even dip down to the single digits in northern parts of the state.
Couple that with a brisk breeze, and wind chill values could be at or slightly below zero in across central and northern New Jersey.
For those unwilling to battle the cold, NASA has a cozier option. The federal agency is streaming live video of the event on UStream, which can be viewed below.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>شنيدن پيشنهاد گنجي در ميان انبوه پيشنهادهاي راست و چپ و برانداز و غير برانداز سخت دلنشين است: "آقاي معين بيايد اعلام کند که ظرف هفته آينده زنداني هاي سياسي و مطبوعاتي را آزاد کنيد. اگر آزاد بکنيد من در انتخابات شرکت مي کنم، اگر آزاد نکنيد، من در انتخابات شرکت نمي کنم و آن را تحريم هم مي کنم."
اين پيشنهاد حداقلي اکبر گنجي است. پيشنهاد اصلي او اين است: "به دوستان پيشنهاد کرده ام که دست به اعتصاب غذا بزنند و شعارشان هم اين باشد که زنداني هاي سياسي و مطبوعاتي بايد آزاد شوند، و دادستان تهران هم بايد بر کنار شود."
email@example.com
اينها پيشنهادهاي مردي است که در آستانه ي بازگشت به زندان است. مردي که با گفتن سخناني اين چنين بازي با مرگ را وارد مرحله ي جديدي کرده است: "آقا، 15 سال حکومت کرده، مي خواهد مادام العمر هم حکومت کند. من با اين مساله مخالفم... من مي گويم اگر انتخابات آزاد قرار است برگزار شود، اين انتخابات بايد در برابر آقاي خامنه اي باشد. ايشان بايد، نه به عنوان رهبر، بلکه به عنوان رئيس جمهور بيايد در يک انتخابات آزاد شرکت کند، اگر مردم راي دادند، حکومت کند، اگر راي ندادند، کنار برود."
پيشنهاد گنجي در ميان انبوه پيشنهادهاي راست و چپ و برانداز و غير برانداز درخششي خاص دارد؛ درخششي که در اثر تحمل سال ها رنج و زندان و دست و پنجه نرم کردن با مرگ به وجود آمده است. پيشنهاد گنجي جوهر آرمان هاي يک ملت است.
آيا آقاي دکتر معين تن به اين پيشنهاد خواهد داد؟ آيا آقاي دکتر معين مرد عمل خواهد بود؟ آيا آقاي دکتر معين جز شرکت در شوهاي تبليغاتي و تکيه بر جذابيت هاي تبليغي و تهييجي، کاري کارستان خواهد کرد؟ اين ها سوالاتي است که پاسخ آن ها را ظرف هفته ي آينده خواهيم گرفت.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>你是不是喜欢上了痛苦? 2019年4月29日 2018年5月2日 By Huang Leave a Comment on 你是不是喜欢上了痛苦? 有一个人，他感觉最近身体很不舒服。 每天晚上躺在床上就感觉心跳加快很长时间都难以入睡。 这样的情况持续了很长的一段时间，情况越来越严重，去医院检查后却告诉他一切指标都很正常。 这个人，也告诉自己试着放下心来，提醒自己一切正常，可是晚上失眠的情况却一直得不到缓解，反而愈演愈烈。 从心理学上来说，这是因为什么? 大家好，我是Huang，喂狗(WeGo)恋爱援救联盟成员之一。如果你也有类似上面这样的情况 Read More 你是不是喜欢上了痛苦?<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>به گزارش پایگاه خبری شبکه العالم، روزنامۀ “سان” نوشت: «این راز پس از آن فاش شد که یکی از عناصر تکفیری داعش، در شهر شرقاط در جنوب موصل کشته شد». بر پایه این گزارش، پس از کشته شدنِ این شخص، تلفن همراهِ او به دست عراقی ها افتاد و در آن، ویدیویی از حراجی زنان ایزدی در عربستان پیدا شد.
روزنامۀ سان، پس از انتشار این گزارشِ مستند، از دولت انگلیس به سبب ائتلاف با عربستان سعودی، به شدت انتقاد کرد.
گروه تروریستی داعش، سال ۲۰۱۴، پس از اشغال موصل، هزاران تن از زنان ایزدی را ربود و صدها تن از آنان را به عنوان اسیران جنگی به دست آمده از میدان جنگ، در بازار برده فروشانِ موصل، فلوجه و حتی سوریه فروخت. با این حال، فروش این بردگان در عربستان، اقدامی بی سابقه به شمار می رود و ثابت می کند که گروه تروریستی داعش، تا چه حد در جامعۀ سعودی نفوذ دارد.
گروه تروریستی داعش، پیش از این، علناً از جایزه دادن زنان و کودکان ایزدی به عناصر این گروه به عنوان غنیمت جنگی پرده برداشته و به احیای برده داری در عراق فخر فروخته بود.
۲۰۵<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Ludwig Wittgenstein has captured the popular imagination as the modern socrates, the master of enigmatic logic, a fascinating and attractive icon of modernism. But what did he really think?
In Introducing Wittgenstein we meet a strange man: a rigorous logician who prized poetry above philosophy, who inherited an immense fortune and gave it all away, who sought death in the trenches of the First World War. he was the great teacher who advised his students to give up philosophy, a tormented soul who thrived on jokes and crime fiction, and a solitary man who inspired lifelong friendships.
John Heaton and Judy Groves also provide a clear and accessible guide to his central works, the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, a glacier of logic, and his later, friendlier Philosophical Investigations.
Anyone intrigued by Wittgenstein will find this the ideal introduction to a great 20th-century philosopher.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>افزایش موارد انتقال کرونا در سرویس های ادارات خراسان جنوبی
باشگاه خبرنگاران/ نماینده علمی ستاد مدیریت پیشگیری و کنترل کرونا ویروس خراسان جنوبی از افزایش موارد انتقال کرونا در وسایل نقلیه کارمندان در سفرهای بین شهری خبر داد.
ضیایی، نماینده علمی ستاد مدیریت پیشگیری و کنترل کرونا ویروس خراسان جنوبی گفت: موارد متعدد از بیماران مبتلا به کرونا افرادی بوده اند که در شهرهای اطراف استان مشغول به خدمت بوده اند؛ و برای رفتن به محل کار خود از ماشین گروهی و یا اتوبوس استفاده میکردند.
او با بیان اینکه رفت و برگشت این افراد حدود ۴ ساعت طول میکشیده، افزود: امکان وجود فرد ناقل ویروس کرونا در این ماشینهای گروهی و یا اتوبوسها وجود داشته است.
ضیائی بیان کرد: متاسفانه به دلیل حضور افراد ناقل بدون علامت در این ماشینها و عدم توجه به نکات بهداشتی از طرف مسافران و نزدن ماسک افراد زیادی را به این بیماری مبتلا میشدند.
نماینده علمی ستاد مدیریت پیشگیری و کنترل کرونا ویروس استان اظهار کرد: حتی ممکن است در یک اتوبوس حدود ۱۵ نفر آلوده شوند و این بیماری را به خانوادههای خود نیز منتقل کنند که در این شرایط مجبور به بستری آنها شده ایم.
او ادامه داد: افراد در صورت استفاده از وسیله نقلیه مشترک باید حتما ماسک زده و جهت جریان داشتن هوا نیز پنجره ماشین را باز کنند و همچنین از صحبت کردن بلند در این گونه محیط پرهیز کنند.
ضیائی اظهار کرد: اگر فردی علامتهای بیماری کرونا را داشته باشد و یا با یک مورد مثبت به ویروس کرونا تماس داشته است از سفر و همراهی با اطرافیان و دوستان پرهیز و در خانه استراحت کند و چنانچه این امکان وجود ندارد از وسیله نقلیه شخصی استفاده کند.
نماینده علمی ستاد مدیریت پیشگیری و کنترل کرونا ویروس استان گفت: ناقلین بدون علامت، خطر انتقال ویروس از طریق آنها بیشتر از افرادی است که داری علامت هستند.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>一份新的美国政府报告说，北韩践踏宗教自由的现象不但普遍而且非常严酷。美国官员正呼吁全球向平壤施压，迫使平壤改变自己的行为。
*“没有铁窗的监狱”*
这份报告的题目是《没有铁窗的监狱》。美国国际宗教自由委员会主席克罗马蒂说，研究人员采访了32名北韩难民以及一些前北韩的安全特工人员。通过访谈了解到的情况令人不安。一些寻求政治庇护的北韩人被强行从中国遣送回北韩后受到非常残酷的对待。
克罗马蒂说：“这份报告令人不忍卒读。他们犯下的暴行是如此残暴，简直是惨无人道。找到这些暴行的记录将增加问题的紧迫性。”
克罗马蒂说，报告描述了北韩在中国边境一带增加警力禁止宗教活动的情况。一些北韩特工人员说，他们设立了一些假的祈祷场所作为圈套，引诱那些新皈依宗教的北韩教徒。北韩政权还对特工人员进行了基督教传统和习俗方面的训练，以便让这些特工渗透到中国的教会中去。
克罗马蒂说：“北韩安全特工人员把目标对准那些据信访问过中国教会寻求粮食援助和其他紧急援助的北韩难民。一些难民在经过逼供之后承认他们在中国期间和基督教会有过接触。这类难民通常会受到特别严厉的惩罚。”
这些处罚包括在一个北韩的监狱营里被终身监禁。这份报告刚刚发表后，韩国总统李明博这个星期前往华盛顿，和布什总统举行会谈。李明博保证，要对北韩采取比上一届韩国政府更加强硬的立场。美国国际宗教自由委员会成员希望韩国、日本跟美国站在一起，把人权问题和制止平壤核活动的六方会谈联系起来。
*美国议员批评中国助长北韩践踏人权*
这份报告发表的同时，国际社会正在增加对中国的压力，要求中国在主办北京奥运会前的几个月里改善人权记录。美国国会的布朗巴克参议员说，中国迫使北韩难民回国，助长了北韩压制宗教权利的行为。
他说：“中国助长了北韩践踏人权的行为，可是还不止于此，还有西藏、北韩、缅甸和达尔富尔，在那些践踏人权的地方到处都有中国插手，中国的做法助长了世界不同国家的侵犯人权行为。”
美国国际宗教自由委员会的报告说，尽管平壤政府的压制，北韩继续存在佛教、基督教和传统民间信仰。可是报告说，金正日政府把任何新的宗教活动看成对国家安全的威胁。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Il prossimo mese Mosca lancerà una nave di soccorso verso la Stazione Spaziale Internazionale per riportare a casa tre membri dell’equipaggio che sono effettivamente bloccati in orbita dopo che la loro capsula originale è stata colpita da un meteoroide.
La Soyuz MS-22 attraccata ha provocato una grave perdita il mese scorso, spruzzando liquido di raffreddamento del radiatore nello spazio e spingendo una coppia di cosmonauti ad interrompere una passeggiata spaziale pianificata.
Mentre l’agenzia spaziale russa, Roscosmos, ha affer
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Secondo il dottor Komarovsky, se i genitori smettono di seguire una dieta per qualsiasi tipo di pancreatite, tutti i sintomi della malattia peggioreranno. Dopotutto, la terapia farmacologica dovrebbe essere completa, questo è l'unico modo per sbarazzarsi della malattia.
Ora capisci quali sono i sintomi nei bambini e quale trattamento dovrebbe essere. Ricorda che il trattamento viene effettuato rigorosamente sotto la supervisione di un medico.
Come sospettare la pancreatite in un bambino? Suggerimenti da un gastroenterologo pediatrico
Il tuo bambino si sveglia nel cuore della notte agitato, ha nausea e mal di pancia, poi vomita. In genere, questi sintomi sono solo un'indigestione di 24 ore. Ma a volte c'è un'altra ragione. I sintomi della pancreatite nei bambini sono spesso simili a quelli dell'infezione da rotavirus, il che crea confusione per molti genitori.
Cos'è la pancreatite pediatrica?
La pancreatite è una malattia infiammatoria del pancreas. Il pancreas è un organo che fa parte dell'apparato digerente e si trova anatomicamente appena dietro lo stomaco.
Questo organo produce gli ormoni insulina e glucagone, che regolano la quantità di zucchero nel corpo..
Ma anche il pancreas gioca un ruolo cruciale nella digestione. Produce enzimi essenziali per aiutare a metabolizzare il cibo che mangiamo..
Se il pancreas è sano, gli enzimi non si attivano fino a quando non raggiungono il duodeno. Ma quando la ghiandola si infiamma, gli enzimi vengono attivati in una fase iniziale, mentre sono ancora nell'organo stesso, e influenzano in modo aggressivo le strutture interne..
I tessuti del pancreas che producono enzimi sono danneggiati e smettono di produrre nuovi enzimi. Nel tempo, questo danno ai tessuti può diventare cronico.
Cause di pancreatite nei bambini:
- colelitiasi. Dal 10% al 30% dei bambini con pancreatite può avere calcoli biliari. Il trattamento per questa condizione può aiutare a ripristinare la normale funzione pancreatica;
- malattie poliorganiche. Il 20% dei casi di pancreatite acuta è causato da condizioni che interessano più organi o sistemi di organi, come sepsi, sindrome emolitica uremica o lupus eritematoso sistemico;
- malattie metaboliche. I disturbi metabolici possono essere la causa del 2-7% dei casi di pancreatite acuta. Questo è un disturbo metabolico nei bambini con alti livelli di lipidi o calcio nel sangue:
- infezioni. La pancreatite acuta a volte viene diagnosticata quando un bambino soffre di un'infezione. Tuttavia, è difficile stabilire un collegamento diretto tra queste due condizioni. Alcune delle malattie infettive che sono state associate alla pancreatite includono parotite, rosolia, citomegalovirus, virus dell'immunodeficienza umana, adenovirus e virus coxsackie di gruppo B;
- anomalie anatomiche. Disturbi nella struttura del pancreas o delle vie biliari possono portare a pancreatite;
- la pancreatite può essere scatenata dai farmaci. Si pensa che i farmaci causino un quarto dei casi di pancreatite. Non è del tutto chiaro il motivo per cui alcuni farmaci possono causare pancreatite. Un fattore è che i bambini trattati con questi farmaci hanno ulteriori disturbi o condizioni che li predispongono alla pancreatite;
- la pancreatite a volte è causata da un trauma. Le lesioni al pancreas possono causare pancreatite acuta. I danni meccanici possono verificarsi in un incidente d'auto, durante l'attività sportiva, in caso di caduta o per abuso di bambini;
- la pancreatite è ereditaria, il che significa che è stata trasmessa da uno o entrambi i genitori. Ciò è dovuto alla fibrosi cistica, una mutazione genetica che si trova nel bambino ma non nei genitori;
- infine, ci sono un gran numero di casi di pancreatite la cui causa è sconosciuta. Questo si chiama pancreatite idiopatica..
Forme di pancreatite
Pancreatite acuta
La forma acuta di pancreatite è un'infiammazione acuta che dura per un breve periodo di tempo. Il decorso della malattia - da lieve disagio a grave malattia potenzialmente letale. La maggior parte dei bambini con malattie acute guarisce completamente dopo aver ricevuto la giusta terapia. Nei casi più gravi, la forma acuta porta a sanguinamento d'organo, gravi danni ai tessuti, infezioni e formazione di cisti. La pancreatite grave danneggia altri organi vitali (cuore, polmoni, reni).
In rari casi, ripetuti attacchi di pancreatite acuta porteranno a un decorso cronico della malattia, che nel tempo causerà danni permanenti al pancreas.
Sintomi
La pancreatite acuta nei bambini di solito scompare rapidamente, entro una settimana. Ma è importante vedere i sintomi in anticipo e consultare uno specialista per ridurre il rischio di complicanze..
Il sintomo più comune della pancreatite acuta è un intenso dolore addominale superiore. Questo dolore è solitamente molto più grave della tipica colica. Può essere costante, spasmodico e peggio dopo aver mangiato. È difficile per un bambino stare in piedi..
Altri segni di pancreatite nei bambini:
- pancia gonfia e tenera;
- il dolore si irradia alla schiena;
- nausea;
- vomito;
- perdita di appetito;
- calore;
- palpitazioni.
Diagnostica
Fare una diagnosi è spesso una sfida. A volte la pancreatite viene diagnosticata erroneamente come stitichezza, sindrome dell'intestino irritabile.
Per la diagnosi, il medico condurrà un esame clinico approfondito e studierà la storia medica del bambino.
Lo specialista consiglierà:
- un esame del sangue per scoprire come funziona il pancreas
- ecografia;
- tomografia computerizzata per verificare la presenza di segni di danni al pancreas;
- MRI (risonanza magnetica per immagini) per verificare la presenza di anomalie nello sviluppo del pancreas
- colangiopancreatografia retrograda endoscopica per esaminare l'intestino tenue, il dotto pancreatico e il resto del tratto gastrointestinale;
- test genetici per cercare una possibile causa ereditaria.
Trattamento della pancreatite acuta nei bambini
Il trattamento per la pancreatite nei bambini è una terapia di supporto. Non esiste un singolo medicinale o trattamento per aiutare il pancreas a guarire. Un analgesico può essere somministrato ai bambini con dolore addominale. Nausea e vomito vengono trattati con farmaci antiemetici.
Se il bambino non può mangiare perché ha dolore, nausea o vomito, non viene nutrito, ma i liquidi vengono somministrati attraverso una vena per evitare la disidratazione.
Il bambino può iniziare a mangiare quando ha fame ed è pronto per mangiare. Il piano nutrizionale propone una razione specifica dalle diete starter che vanno dai brodi nutrienti chiari ai cibi normali.
La scelta dipende dalla gravità delle condizioni del bambino e dalla preferenza del medico curante. Il bambino, di regola, riacquista una buona salute nel primo giorno o due dopo un attacco di pancreatite acuta.
Succede che i sintomi siano più gravi o persistano per un periodo di tempo più lungo. In questo caso, al bambino verrà somministrato un sondino per prevenire disturbi digestivi e migliorare il recupero..
Pancreatite cronica
La pancreatite cronica nei bambini è anche un'infiammazione del pancreas. Solo al posto del danno che alla fine scompare nella pancreatite acuta, l'infiammazione in alcuni bambini più sensibili continua e provoca disturbi permanenti nella struttura e nella funzione del pancreas. Fattori genetici e ambientali possono essere responsabili della suscettibilità alla pancreatite.
La condizione della malattia persiste a lungo e distrugge lentamente le strutture del pancreas. Ad esempio, potrebbe perdere la capacità di produrre insulina. Di conseguenza, il bambino sviluppa intolleranza al glucosio. La pancreatite cronica porta anche alla perdita di peso a causa della cattiva digestione.
Sintomi:
- i bambini di solito manifestano segni e sintomi identici a quelli causati dalla pancreatite acuta. È un dolore lancinante all'addome, che peggiora dopo aver mangiato, che si ripeterà ancora e ancora;
- la perdita di peso è un altro sintomo comune. Parte del motivo è che il bambino non è in grado di mangiare. In alcuni casi, i bambini evitano il cibo perché aggrava i sintomi dolorosi. A volte la pancreatite può causare una diminuzione dell'appetito, con conseguente perdita di peso.
Altri sintomi della forma cronica della malattia includono:
- nausea;
- vomito (il vomito può essere giallastro, verdastro o brunastro a causa della mescolanza di bile);
- diarrea e feci grasse;
- disturbi della digestione;
- colore della pelle gialla;
- c'è dolore alla schiena o alla spalla sinistra.
Diagnostica
La diagnosi di laboratorio della pancreatite cronica per un bambino è simile alla pancreatite acuta. La diagnosi di pancreatite cronica richiede la ricerca di danni permanenti al pancreas, perdita della funzione digestiva o diabete. Il danno viene valutato utilizzando i raggi X (scansioni TC o MRI del pancreas) e procedure endoscopiche speciali.
Trattamento della pancreatite cronica
Le linee guida cliniche si concentrano sulla riduzione del dolore e sul miglioramento della funzione digestiva. I danni al pancreas non possono essere riparati, ma con la cura adeguata è possibile gestire la maggior parte dei sintomi.
Esistono tre modi per trattare la pancreatite infantile:
Terapia farmacologica
- Antidolorifici.
- Preparati enzimatici digestivi (se i livelli enzimatici sono troppo bassi) per la normale digestione degli alimenti.
- Vitamine liposolubili A, D, E e K, poiché la difficoltà di assorbimento dei grassi interferisce anche con la capacità del corpo di assorbire queste vitamine, che svolgono un ruolo fondamentale nel mantenimento della salute.
- Insulina (se si sviluppa il diabete).
- Steroidi, se un bambino ha la pancreatite di genesi autoimmune, che si verifica quando le cellule immunitarie attaccano il proprio pancreas.
Terapia endoscopica. In alcuni casi, viene utilizzato un endoscopio per alleviare il dolore e rimuovere gli ostacoli meccanici. Un endoscopio è un tubo lungo e flessibile che il medico ti mette in bocca.
Ciò consente al medico di rimuovere i calcoli nei dotti pancreatici, posizionare piccoli tubi (stent) per rafforzare le loro pareti, migliorare il flusso della bile o neutralizzare la fuoriuscita di succhi digestivi..
Chirurgia. La maggior parte dei bambini non ha bisogno di un intervento chirurgico. Tuttavia, se il bambino ha un forte dolore che non risponde ai farmaci, la rimozione di una parte del pancreas a volte aiuta. La chirurgia viene utilizzata anche per sbloccare il canale pancreatico o allargarlo se è molto stretto.
Non ci sono prove chiare che sia necessaria una formula speciale per neonati per la pancreatite cronica. Tuttavia, molti medici prescrivono una dieta a basso contenuto di grassi e consigliano ai pazienti di mangiare più spesso in pasti più piccoli con meno di 10 grammi di grassi..
La pancreatite cronica non può essere curata, è una condizione permanente, i sintomi compaiono periodicamente e poi scompaiono. I bambini devono consultare regolarmente un medico per valutare le loro condizioni, garantire un'alimentazione adeguata e discutere le opzioni di trattamento. Condurrà regolarmente studi endocrini per identificare eventuali problemi legati alla tolleranza al glucosio o allo sviluppo del diabete..
Pancreatite reattiva nei bambini
La pancreatite reattiva in un bambino è leggermente diversa dalle altre forme di malattia..
Le cause di questa forma della malattia:
- Malattie infettive infantili comuni (ARVI, tonsillite, ecc.).
- Patologia dell'apparato digerente.
- Trauma addominale.
- Uso di potenti antibiotici.
- Avvelenamento con tossine chimiche.
- Mangiare irregolare.
- Prodotti di scarsa qualità e vari tipi di "merendine" non utili all'organismo del bambino.
- Introduzione di alimenti non adatti all'età (succo acido, carne) negli alimenti complementari per un neonato.
Differenza tra pancreatite reattiva e malattia acuta:
- La causa della pancreatite reattiva sono le malattie di altri organi e la pancreatite acuta si verifica a causa degli effetti tossici e dannosi diretti di varie condizioni.
- La pancreatite reattiva, se non trattata, diventa acuta, ma la pancreatite acuta non diventa reattiva.
- A condizione che la malattia sottostante sia esclusa, la pancreatite reattiva viene trattata efficacemente.
- Quando si determinano i sintomi della pancreatite reattiva, i sintomi della malattia sottostante sono in primo piano e quindi i segni della pancreatite. Nella pancreatite acuta, i sintomi principali sono segni di una violazione del pancreas.
- Quando si diagnostica la pancreatite reattiva, insieme allo stabilimento di sintomi di pancreatite, si riscontrano sintomi di una malattia di altri organi. E con una forma acuta, non necessariamente.
Analogie:
- La diagnostica avviene utilizzando gli stessi metodi di ricerca.
- Il trattamento è lo stesso della forma acuta della malattia..
- I metodi di prevenzione spesso si sovrappongono.
I segni di una forma reattiva di infiammazione della ghiandola possono essere suddivisi in due gruppi: manifestazioni cliniche della malattia sottostante e segni della stessa infiammazione pancreatica..
Ad esempio, se la pancreatite reattiva è scatenata da un'infezione intestinale, c'è spesso febbre alta e feci molli più volte al giorno..
L'esordio è generalmente acuto.
I sintomi più comuni della pancreatite reattiva
Forte dolore addominale. È probabile che il bambino si rannicchi in posizione fetale per alleviare il dolore.Dopo i primi 2 giorni, il dolore di solito peggiora.
Altri segni includono:
- vomito persistente, che peggiora dopo i primi 2 giorni;
- mancanza di appetito;
- ittero (colorazione gialla della pelle);
- febbre alta;
- dolore alla schiena e alla spalla sinistra.
I segni a lungo termine includono disidratazione e bassa pressione sanguigna.
Diagnostica:
- Quando un medico sospetta una pancreatite reattiva, il primo passo è sottoporsi a esami del sangue (test per amilasi e lipasi) per scoprire se gli enzimi pancreatici sono a livelli normali.
- Se sono troppo alti, il medico ti indirizzerà per un'ecografia addominale per cercare possibili segni di infiammazione, blocchi o calcoli nel dotto pancreatico..
- A volte un medico consiglierà una TAC addominale per confermare la diagnosi di pancreatite.
Trattamento
Il trattamento della forma reattiva consiste di tre parti: terapia dietetica, trattamento della malattia sottostante, trattamento della pancreatite. Il recupero completo del pancreas è impossibile senza di loro..
La dieta per la pancreatite reatt
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سال قبل و نیز مرداد ۱۴۰۲ روند افزایشی داشته است.
بر اساس گزارش مرکز آمار ایران مقایسه عملکرد کشتارگاه های رسمی کشور در شهریور ۱۴۰۲ با ماه مشابه سال ۱۴۰۱ نشان دهنده افزایش ۳۵ درصدی مقدار عرضه گوشت انواع طیور در کشتارگاه های رسمی کشور دارد؛ اما مقدار عرضه گوشت طیور در شهریور ۱۴۰۲ نسبت به ماه مشابه سال ۱۴۰۱ برای مرغ ۳۵ درصد کاهش و نسبت به ماه قبل (مرداد) ۸ درصد افزایش را نشان میدهد.
بر اساس این گزارش، وزن گوشت عرضه شده انواع طیور کشتار شده در کشتارگاه های رسمی کشور در شهریور ۱۴۰۲ در مجموع ۲۰۰ هزار و ۷۶۸ تن بوده که سهم گوشت مرغ بیش از سایر انواع طیور به ثبت رسیده است.
بر اساس نتایج این آمارگیری، گوشت مرغ با ۱۹۷ هزار و ۸۵۵ تن، ۹۸.۶ درصد از وزن کل گوشت طیور عرضه شده را به خود مختص کرده است. گوشت بوقلمون با یک میلیون و ۲۴۸ تن و سایر انواع طیور با یک میلیون و ۶۶۵ تن به ترتیب ۰.۶ و ۰.۸ درصد از وزن کل گوشت طیور عرضه شده را به خود اختصاص داده اند.
مقدار عرضه گوشت طیور در شهریور ۱۴۰۲ نسبت به ماه مشابه سال قبل برای مرغ ۳۵ درصد، برای بلدرچین ۳۵ درصد، برای سایر انواع طیور ۹۱ درصد افزایش و برای بوقلمون ۱۶ درصد و شترمرغ ۶۰ درصد کاهش داشته است.
منبع: حراج كن
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نظرات بینندگان در مورد افزایش 8 درصدی عرضه مرغ در شهریور نسبت به مرداد
نظر شما در مورد افزایش 8 درصدی عرضه مرغ در شهریور نسبت به مرداد<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>A newly discovered bacteria is eating away at the wreck of the Titanic, which will likely soon be nothing more than a "rust stain" on the ocean floor, says a Dalhousie University engineer.
"Perhaps if we get another 15 to 20 years out of it, we’re doing good.… Eventually there will be nothing left but a rust stain," Henrietta Mann, an adjunct civil engineering professor at the Halifax university, said in a release.
Mann's prediction comes as she and her team, including researchers from University of Seville in Spain, announced on Monday that they have identified a new bacterial species collected from rusticles from the Titanic wreck. The team has named the iron-oxide munching bacteria Halomonas titanicae.
A rusticle is a dark orange rust formation that looks much like an icicle or stalactite, and the wreck is covered with them. Mann says they formed as a group of at least 27 different strains of bacteria, including Halomonas titanicae, ate their way through the Titanic.
But unlike icicles, which are solid and hard, rusticles are delicate, porous structures that will eventually disintegrate into a fine powder.
"It’s a natural process, recycling the iron and returning it to nature," said Mann, who studies extreme environments.
The team’s research will be published on Wednesday in the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology.
"We don’t know yet whether this species arrived aboard the RMS Titanic before or after it sank. We also don’t know if these bacteria cause similar damage to offshore oil and gas pipelines," said Mann.
"Finding answers to these questions will not only better our understanding of our oceans, but may also equip us to devise coatings that can prevent similar deterioration to other metal structures."
The Titanic, once known as the "unsinkable ship," struck an iceberg in 1912 and sank about 590 kilometres south of Newfoundland, killing 1,522 passengers and crew.
The wreck’s final resting spot remained a mystery until 1985, when a joint American-French expedition found it 3.8 kilometres below the ocean surface. Divers confirmed that the ship had split apart; the stern and the bow were located 600 metres apart from each other and are facing in opposite directions.
While Dan Conlin, curator of maritime history at the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic, is sorry to see the wreck disintegrating, he points out that scientists know much more about the Titanic than most shipwrecks, "down to the very minute it sunk."
"What is fascinating to me is that we tend to have this idea that these wrecks are time capsules frozen in time, when in fact there all kinds of complex ecosystems feeding off them, even at the bottom of that great dark ocean."
An earlier version of this story, based on a statement in a Dalhousie University news release, incorrectly said the Titanic is being dissolved at a rate faster than originally predicted by Henrietta Mann. In fact, it is dissolving at the rate that the Dalhousie University engineer originally predicted in 1995.Dec 06, 2010 3:40 PM ET<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Above: West Virginia University StreamLab students launch a test water sensor in the Monongahela River across from the campus in Morgantown, W.V. Photo by David Smith/WVU Reed College of Media.
Let’s face it: Water is one of the biggest issues in America.
Whether the story is about the quantity or the quality of water, there is huge potential for digital and data journalists to tell stories that can not only educate the public, but also (and arguably more importantly) have impact on shaping sound public policy.
Stories like the drought in California have yielded useful data reporting, particularly public radio station KPCC’s project on tracking monthly usage of water by “hydrological region.” But the station didn’t simply visualize monthly water usage. They also displayed warnings and penalties assessed by local governments, as well as usage reduction targets.
West Virginia University Reed College of Media student Elisha Wagoner looks at a circuit board during class. The class used the boards to create sensors that measured pollution levels in West Virginia waterways. Photo by David Smith.
No surprise, there are also many possibilities for using data in regards to investigating and reporting on issues surrounding water quality.
Scientists and other field researchers can collect information on contaminations—be it lead levels in children who’ve consumed the local water supply in Flint, Michigan, or the amounts of the coal-scrubbing chemical MCHM leaking into the water supply of 300,000 West Virginians back in January 2014.
But such data does little to mitigate the impacts of a contamination after the fact.
Oftentimes, scientists are creating testing procedures for contaminates on the fly, responding to a potentially threatening situation instead of being able to be out in front of them. It may take weeks (or months, sadly) for the data to be collected, the findings to be released and journalists to report on it.
Sure, some large news organizations might consider funding an investigation using costly sensors or testing kits.
But what if journalists at smaller-scale outlets and even everyday residents had the power to act as an early warning for the contamination of a water source?
(This could have real impact on getting out in front of a potential contamination or, even better, help shape public policy to prevent one in the first place.)
West Virginia University’s StreamLab project was an experiment in just that. By deploying low-cost, DIY sensors known as the Riffle, faculty and students were able to collect data on conductivity in real time.
Students in the StreamLab experimental journalism class launch water sensors in the Monongahela River. Photo by David Smith/WVU Reed College of Media.
To be clear, conductivity levels can only show that there is or isn’t something in a water source. The higher the conductivity, the more present a substance is in the water. While it doesn’t explain what—if anything—is in the water, it can certainly raise eyebrows and lead to more questions and investigation.
The StreamLab project collected data that showed some slight changes in the levels of conductivity in the Mononghela River, although not to the point where we were felt alarmed to take further action.
However, the project did prove that the Riffle sensors do work and with proper care and, attention to the deployment process, they might have the potential to serve as an early warning for contaminations. Again, such potential can empower journalists and communities to investigate water issues and help influence public policy.
In the coming months, the West Virginia University StreamLab project will be rolling out a digitally immersive experience that details some context about reporting on water quality issues. We’ll also be delving into the importance of the role a community—including journalists—can play in investigating these stories. But most importantly, we’ll be explaining how we executed our project and how others might be able to make use of the Riffles.
With little doubt, that’s something the residents of Flint and Charleston, West Virginia—and a whole slew of other communities—would have loved to have at their disposal.
Follow Dave Mistich on Twitter @davemistich.
Additional funding for the StreamLab project was provided by the Online News Association Challenge Fund for Innovation in Journalism Education, which Knight Foundation supports.
“Sensing the Environment: Investigating Community Water Stories With Sensor Journalism” is a free public workshop that will be held at the West Virginia University Reed College of Media on April 30. For more information and to register, visit kng.ht/1Sd4fjr.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Gli anelli con nome sono una delle forme di espressione più comunemente usate dagli uomini per esprimere i loro sentimenti. Attraverso incisioni, fusioni e modellazioni dei metalli al fine di ottenere il nome o l’iniziale di una persona. Essi si prodigano per dare forma ad un loro desiderio per coronare una unione sentimentale o un ricordo di qualcuno caro che non cè più. Il nome o semplicemente l’iniziale è spesso messo in bella mostra e sfoggiato come qualcosa di cui andar fieri.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Create the Geometry columns in Oracle Database
By asjaijai on Feb 21, 2012
Many times we have the Geo location related information as latitude and longitude. In order to plot these on the maps using mapviewer in OBIEE we need to convert these into spatial data which is a option available with the oracle database. In this entry we will look at how to convert the lat/lon information into Oracle Spatial data.
1. Create the Geometry columns in Oracle Database
a. Based on the latitude/longitude information that is available create Geometry columnb. Insert Geometry based columns in metadata tables (USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA)c. Create a spatial indexLet’s look at each of these steps in detail, with the help of an example. As mentioned earlier, the assumption is that the data we get from the customer has information on latitude and longitude. If the data that the customer provides does not have latitude-longitude information, the flow will change slightly to use the spatial capabilities of the database to convert the address into latitude and longitude.
Step 1: Create the Geometry Columns in the DatabaseThere are two columns latitude and longitude that need to be available to be able to use the spatial capabilities of the Oracle Database.1. Alter the table to create the Geometry column. In the example below, we create a column called store_geo in the “store” tablealter table store add (store_geo sdo_geometry);
2. Populate the new column using the following query:update store set store_geo = MDSYS.SDO_GEOMETRY(2001, 8307, MDSYS.SDO_POINT_TYPE (longitude, latitude,NULL),NULL,NULL);commit;3. Check if the column has been populated correctly:4. Update the spatial metadata table with the details for the new geometry column createdINSERT INTO USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA (TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME, DIMINFO, SRID)VALUES ('store', 'store_geo',MDSYS.SDO_DIM_ARRAY(MDSYS.SDO_DIM_ELEMENT('LONG', -180.0, 180.0, 0.005),MDSYS.SDO_DIM_ELEMENT('LAT', -90.0, 90.0, 0.005)),8307);COMMIT;5. Create the spatial index on the geometry columnDROP INDEX store_idx;CREATE INDEX store_idx ON store(store_geo)INDEXTYPE IS mdsys.spatial_index;<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>In the previous post we introduced the scripture-based model for the Holy Priesthood and the offices and appendages to that priesthood. Here’s the graphic as a reminder.
Let’s walk through LDS history and see how this developed.
As mentioned in the first post, the term “Aaronic Priesthood” was not introduced until 1835, and was then applied retroactively. For example, in 1838 Joseph Smith wrote about the visit of John the Baptist. He wrote:
Upon you my fellow servants, in the name of Messiah I confer the Priesthood of Aaron…”
Notice he calls it the Priesthood of Aaron, because in 1838 that’s what people understood it to be. It’s like reading a history referring to New York City being founded in 1660. In 1660, it was called New Amsterdam. In 1666, the Dutch handed the city over to the British and it was renamed New York. So what was the Priesthood of Aaron called before 1835?
In 1834, Oliver wrote an account of the encounter with John the Baptist, wherein John says:
Upon you my fellow-servants, in the name of Messiah, I confer this priesthood and this authority…
It is interesting to note that no account says that Joseph and Oliver were ordained to a specific office within the Aaronic Priesthood. Using our model, the office of Priest and the lesser priesthood are synonymous, and the offices of Teacher and Deacon are appendages. So whether Joseph and Oliver were ordained to the office of Priest or given the lesser priesthood, the net effect was the same. They had the authority to baptize. Here’s a scriptural proof:
The power and authority of the lesser, or Aaronic Priesthood, is to hold the keys of the ministering of angels, and to administer in outward ordinances, the letter of the gospel, the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins, agreeable to the covenants and commandments.
The whole reason John the Baptist appeared was because Joseph and Oliver wanted to be baptized and knew that required an ordination. Baptism is only administered by Priests in the Aaronic Priesthood, so the power and authority of the Aaronic Priesthood is the office of Priest. They are synonyms. The other offices in the Aaronic Priesthood are appendages:
The offices of and deacon are necessary appendages belonging to the lesser priesthood, which priesthood was confirmed upon and his sons.
It’s important to note that at no time during Joseph’s ministry were Deacons and Teachers given authority to administer any ordinances. Priests were the only office in the Aaronic Priesthood with authority to administer ordinances.
The office of Deacon is also noteworthy. It is not mentioned in the Book of Mormon, though it is in the New Testament (Timothy 3:12 Let the deacons be the husbands of one wife, ruling their children and their own houses well.) This office was created in 1831.
So the office of Priest is the Aaronic Priesthood, and within that exists the authority to ordain people to the appendages of Teacher and Deacon.
The office of Elder
Keeping in mind that the term Melchizedek Priesthood wasn’t introduced until 1835, look at how Joseph describes the next step in the revelation of the priesthood:
The messenger who visited us on this occasion and conferred this Priesthood upon us, said that his name was John, the same that is called John the Baptist in the New Testament, and that he acted under the direction of Peter, James and John, who held the keys of the Priesthood of Melchizedek, which Priesthood, he said, would in due time be conferred on us, and that I should be called the first Elder of the Church, and he (Oliver Cowdery) the second.
Joseph wrote this 1838, well after the fullness of the priesthood had been lost. Notice that what Joseph and Oliver “would in due time” receive was the office of Elder, which is an appendage to the High Priesthood, not the High Priesthood itself.
On March 23, 1846, Oliver Cowdery wrote a letter in which he stated:
Had you stood in the presence of John, with our departed brother Joseph, to receive the Lesser Priesthood—and in the presence of Peter, to receive the Greater…
Notice what Oliver doesn’t write. He doesn’t say they received the Melchizedek Priesthood, he says the Greater [priesthood]. Is the office of Elder greater than that of Priest? Yes. But is it the Melchizedek Priesthood as defined by D&C 107 and 84? No, the office of Elder is an appendage to the Melchizedek Priesthood. Here’s another proof:
Wherefore, from deacon to teacher, and from teacher to priest, and from priest to elder, severally as they are appointed, according to the covenants and commandments of the church. Then comes the High Priesthood, which is the greatest of all.
Elder is greater priesthood than Priest, but the High Priesthood (or High Priest) is the greatest of all. I think these nuances in language are important – there is a difference between greater and greatest. Unfortunately for Brigham Young, this part of Section 107 was recorded after Brigham had already been called to be an Apostle. Claiming the apostleship is higher than the High Priesthood is contradicting scripture. But I digress.
It would seem from the scant historical record that Peter ordained Joseph and Oliver to the office Elder, which is an appendage to the Melchizedek Priesthood…enough authority to get the church up and running. The historical record makes it clear that the fullness of the Melchizedek Priesthood was not restored until June 1831.
Here’s some more data points:
Which commandments were given to Joseph Smith, Jun., who was of God, and an of Jesus Christ, to be the of this church; and to Oliver Cowdery, who was also called of God, an apostle of Jesus Christ, to be the elder of this church, and ordained under his hand.
In April 1830, Joseph and Oliver were ordained Elders and Apostles…yet by Joseph’s own account the Melchizedek Priesthood wasn’t restored until June 1831. How could this be?
An is an
An apostle is not higher than a high priest. An apostle does not hold the Melchizedek Priesthood. Remember, the office of Elder is an appendage just like the Aaronic Priesthood is an appendage. Peter holds the keys of the apostleship and the appendage office of Elder. It appears that Peter ordained Joseph and Oliver to that appendage office of Elder/Apostle, but he did not restore the Melchizedek Priesthood.
There is no record designating the time frame when Peter ordained Joseph and Oliver to the appendage office of Elder. It apparently happened after May 15, 1829 and before April 6, 1830.
In June 1829, Oliver Cowdery recorded a revelation he received, which became the Articles of the Church of Christ.
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�每天从Play商店下载游戏。
它最大的优点之一就是宠物的DNA 它会根据您听的音乐来制作 在Spotify，Pandora和iHearRadio等服务上。 这使它成为一种可以与其他游戏（例如前面提到的Pou）区分开来的特殊维度，因为看到您的“虫子”如何转变为一个更摇摆的人而不是喜欢techno或大多数商业音乐。
根据您听的音乐的DNA
你不得不 照顾他，喂他，为他做饭，清洁，逗笑，爱抚以及宠物在生命的头几个月中需要的所有照顾，就好像它是小狗还是小猫一样。
像任何宠物一样，我们可以去 为您量身定制大量服装 在其中，我们可以访问100多种不同的配件，所有配件的灵感都来自摇滚音乐，流行，R＆B，嘻哈，舞蹈，电子，乡村，迪斯科等。
此外，在您居住的房屋中，我们将拥有 装饰它的空间 从文件夹，家具，钢琴或灯具中取出。 为了让您不会感到无聊，我们会在特殊的迷你游戏中进行记忆力测试，寻找热狗或用手指指着其中的各种动物，并让我们的宠物玩得开心。
一只宠物 他的基因基于音乐 您从Spotify收听的音乐必须跳舞。 因此，您的BeatNik将通过您提到的服务中的音乐为您跳舞。
简而言之，我们将面对BeatNiks 有点不同的游戏 而且它有一个非常特别的光环。 现在，只有成功才能继续存在，并被涌入Play商店的玩家社区所接受。 他为此有礼物。
在技术方面
Su 特殊的图形样式 对于那些非常可爱的怪物形式的宠物，它们具有特殊的触感。 然后，我们添加了这些动画以及一组针对衣服和各种配件的自定义设置，并且我们面前还有一个非常出色的游戏。
音乐和 那些舞蹈给了最后的成绩 希望创建一个BeatNik吉祥物，当我们听Spotify和喜欢的歌曲时，这种吉祥物会随着音乐而发展。 强烈建议您免费从Play商店购买。
编辑意见
- 编辑评级
- 4.5星级
- Excepcional
- 击败尼克斯
- 评论： 曼努埃尔·拉米雷斯（Manuel Ramirez）
- 发表于：
- 最后修改：
- 游戏玩法编辑：80％
- 图像编辑：80％
- 声音编辑：80％
- 价格质量编辑：75％
优点
- 让宠物根据您听的音乐成长
- 他的图形风格
- 您与Spotify和其他音乐服务有关的原始想法
反
- 此刻什么都没有<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The provision of services and the production of wares and services nowadays often require the cooperation of partners from different sectors. These cooperations can comprise public and private organizations, companies, universities, NGOs, and other groupings as well as individuals. The cooperative collaboration is esteemed as a core element of democratic social systems within a free market economy (Kirsch, 1996; Pongsiri, 2001). As one relevant method of organizing such collaborations, public private networks (PPN) extend the concept of public private partnerships (PPP) by adding the idea of networking and its core elements. From a scientific point of view as well as from the business perspective there is a shortcoming in the systematic processing of ideas, motivations, and forms as well as implications for internal and external participants of PPPs/PPNs. In the following, partnerships between partners from public and private business environments will be discussed. (Pongsiri, 2001) In particular, PPPs and PPNs in the field of academic education will be portrayed, since the cooperation in knowledge intensive areas is seen as an important issue. (Inkpen, 1996; Seufert, von Krogh, & Back, 1999) In the following the concepts of PPPs and PPNs will be explained. This will be done by an extensive literature review. The aim is to provide the required definitions and to discuss the incorporated views of others.
Key Terms in this Chapter
Network Management: Since networks are dynamic and thus not only “one-time foundation events,” they need support when they are established, in their operation and when they have to be modified and when they are closed, that is they need network management. This instrument can be realized through a specific partner as well as in cooperation.
Public Private Networks (PPNs): PPNs are extending the concept of PPPs by adding to it the idea of networking and its core elements. While typical PPPs are predominantly focused on closed cooperation between a company on one hand and a specific public institution on the other hand, PPNs enable scores of partners from public and private organizations to create partnerships.
(Higher) Education Networks: A cooperative form of networks, like business networks, focusing educational issues. Might appear in primary as well as in further education as well as for life long learning scenarios.
E-Learning: E-learning (technology-enhanced learning or electronic learning) is seen as an instrument to foster the exchange of educational services between partners from academia and industry, to support life long learning scenarios and to bring education offers to the workplace and into everyday life.
Public Private Virtual Networks (PPVNs): PPNs in the form of PPVNs are enriched by the idea of the virtualization of service provision. The management of those partnerships as well as the whole process of service provision can be realized in a virtual way.
Co-Destiny: A concept for using synergies in the performance process in y-models of PPPs.
Public Private Partnerships (PPPs): An arrangement between government and private sector entities for the purpose of providing public infrastructure, community facilities and other services and wares. PPPs are characterized by the sharing of investment, risk, responsibility and reward between the partners being involved. PPP is seen as an institutionalized form of cooperation with public and private actors with both parties bringing in their own resources to achieve complementary goals.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Abstract
Nel lavoro viene messa in evidenza l’azione dell’ipnosi sulle proteine che avvolgono i geni, spiegando così l’azione terapeutica dell’ipnosi. Viene descritto un caso di disturbo del comportamento curato con ipnosi.
Nel 1952 un giovane medico inglese Albert Mason aveva tentato di curare delle verruche ad un paziente quindicenne con l’ipnosi. Mason ed altri medici erano già riusciti a eliminare le verruche con l’ipnosi, ma questo caso era particolarmente difficile. Durante la prima seduta, Mason si concentrò su un braccio . Quando il ragazzo cadde in una trance ipnotica, Mason gli disse che la pelle del braccio sarebbe guarita. Quando il ragazzo tornò, una settimana dopo, Mason esultò vedendo che il braccio era guarito, ma quando fece vedere il suo giovane paziente al chirurgo, questi sbarrò gli occhi e disse a Mason che non si trattava di verruche, ma di una malattia genetica letale chiamata ittiosi. Facendo regredire i suoi sintomi, Mason ed il ragazzo erano riusciti a fare qualcosa di impossibile. Mason continuò le sedute di ipnosi, con lo stupefacente risultato che la maggior parte della pelle del suo paziente assunse lo stesso aspetto sano e roseo del braccio.
Questo caso spiegava e giustificava l’azione dell’ipnosi sull’attività genica e quindi sul fenotipo. I geni non sono una struttura rigida che si esprime sempre nello stesso modo. Dalla combinazione tra fattori ambientali e genoma il fenotipo nel soggetto può variare notevolmente. Nel gene la struttura base è l’ istone formato da zone attivanti e zone inibenti, la cui attività è regolata dai fattori ambientali. Quando viene richiesta l’attività di un gene, è un segnale proveniente dall’ambiente, e non una proprietà derivante dal gene stesso, che attiva l’espressione di quel gene. In figura viene rappresentata la struttura dell’istone e dell’attivazione dello stesso.
Il genmeccanismo d’azione viene così descritto: il DNA è coperto da una proteina manica, occorre un segnale esterno alla cellula che spinga la proteina manica a staccarsi dalla doppia elica permettendo così la lettura del gene. Gli stimoli ambientali vengono recepiti da proteine di membrana dette IMP e suddivise in due categorie funzionali: proteine recettori e proteine effettori. Insieme, il complesso recettore-effettore agisce come un interruttore, traducendo i segnali dell’ambiente nel comportamento cellulare. Quando una proteina recettore si collega ad un segnale ambientale, la conseguente alterazione nelle cariche elettriche determina un cambiamento nella sua forma, e la proteina adotta una conformazione attiva.
Le antenne riceventi possono decodificare segnali chimici, campi energetici come la luce, il suono, le frequenze radio e quindi la voce ma anche forze invisibili come il pensiero. Le frequenze provenienti dalle antenne attivate, controllano DNA ed RNA, governano la regolazione dei geni ed in ultima analisi il funzionamento del sistema nervoso. Gli studi di Candace Pert in Molecules of Emotion rivelano che le emozioni non sono prodotte soltanto da un feedback del corpo in risposta alle informazioni ambientali. Attraverso l’autocoscienza, la mente può usare il cervello per generare “molecole di emozioni” agendo sull’attività genica e quindi modificando il fenotipo.
Un uso appropriato della consapevolezza può ridare salute ad una mente ed un corpo malato.
Stimoli che attivano il comportamento possono essere segnali che il sistema nervoso riceve dal mondo esterno e/o segnali che provengono dall’interno, come emozioni, dolore e piacere.
L’impiego dell’ipnosi, provoca l’attivazione delle proteine di membrana IMP e la conseguente espressione dei Geni Primari Rapidi con formazioni di cascate di proteine, che determinano la guarigione di molte patologie, tra i quali i disturbi del comportamento. Il caso clinico che viene descritto chiarisce l’azione dell’ipnosi.
Il signor V.L. di anni 48 capitò alla mia osservazione alcuni anni fa. Era affetto da disturbo del comportamento di tipo paranoide di grado medio. In anamnesi si rilevava che quando era giovane manifestava una condizione di stato d’ansia continuo. Negli ultimi anni era comparsa una sintomatologia caratterizzata da accessi d’ira immotivati nei confronti dei clienti e soprattutto della moglie, con spunti di riferimento. Sottoposta ad ipnosi con sedute caratterizzate da induzione alla trance spontanea col suggerimento di essere in un posto comodo e vivere le sensazioni di comodità, rilassamento profondo e sonno. In questo stato il paziente analizzava le sue problematiche, comunicando con i gesti inconsci, studiava quindi le soluzioni, e dopo un controllo ecologico, le applicava facendo una simulata in stato di trance. In vivo, durante la sua attività di lavoro e di relazione, applicava le soluzione sviluppate in stato di trance. La condizione patologica pian piano è migliorata fino a completa guarigione.
Bibliografia:
Corona D. Onorati M.C. Il Codice sopra il Codice Link Magazine-epigenoma
Lipton Bruce H. (2011) La biologia delle credenze ( 58-59, 78-79, 94-95, 127-128, 142-144, 152-154)
Rossi Lawrance E. (2008) Discorso tra Geni ( 45-48 )
Tommaso Pavia<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Soppressione dei temi grafici obsoleti
Per usare al meglio le nostre limitate risorse, a partire dal 24 aprile 2013, tutti i temi grafici tranne Vector legacy (2010), MonoBook, Modern e Cologne Blue sono stati permanentemente rimossi da MediaWiki e pertanto da tutti i siti di Wikimedia. Se il tuo account è impostato per usare uno dei temi grafici obsoleti,[1] Esso verrà automaticamente cambiato in quello predefinito per la tua wiki (Vector).
Quante persone sono coinvolte da tutto ciò?
Circa lo 0,53% di tutti gli utenti attivi di Wikimedia, e circa lo 0,39% di tutti gli utenti attivi con più di mille contributi. Riguarda anche lo 0,31% degli utenti inattivi (= che non hanno effettuato alcuna modifica o accesso negli ultimi sei mesi). È disponibile una ripartizione statistica completa.
Che cosa devo fare io?
Se hai usato Monobook, Modern, Cologne Blue o Vector (per esempio: se non hai mai cambiato questa preferenza), quanto sopra non ti riguarda affatto e non devi fare nulla. Anche se stai utilizzando uno dei temi grafici obsoleti e non hai problemi a passare a quello predefinito di ogni wiki (Vector), non devi fare alcunché.
Se stai utilizzando uno dei temi obsoleti, vai nelle tue Preferenze (le trovi tra i link all'inzio di ogni pagina), clicca nella seconda scheda ("Aspetto"), e seleziona un tema a scelta tra "Vector", "Monobook", "Modern" e "Cologne Blue", quindi premi "Salva le preferenze" in basso nella pagina. Se non sei sicuro di quale tema grafico stai utilizzando, puoi seguire le stesse indicazioni per trovarlo.
Perchè state facendo questo?
Il principale motivo è che i nuovi sistemi che stiamo costruendo – notifiche interwiki, tecniche migliori per il controllo delle nuove pagine, pagine di discussione più facili da usare, ecc. – devono potesi integrare in tutti i nostri temi grafici. Non possiamo sostituire il software obsoleto con quello nuovo se quest'ultimo non è compatibile anche solo con una minima percentuale dei temi grafici degli utenti: è semplicemente inaccettabile.
Il problema è che, avendo così tanti temi grafici obsoleti, il loro mantenimento è dispendioso in termini di sviluppo (e quindi in termini di spesa dei fondi dei donatori). Il tempo necessario per sviluppare qualcosa che funzioni con nove o dieci diversi temi grafici sottrae risorse dedicabili a progettare nuovi sistemi o a mantenere il software esistente. Tale dispendio limiterebbe anche il numero di novità che si possono introdurre, poiché caratteristiche molto utili semplicemente non sono compatibili con temi grafici vecchi di undici o dodici anni. Fatte queste considerazioni, abbiamo dovuto scegliere fra tre opzioni: produrre software limitato e molto lentamente, rendere difficilmente accesibile il sito per una pur piccola parte degli utenti, o semplicemente abolire i temi grafici obsoleti. Abbiamo scelto la terza opzione.
Perchè mantenete questi quattro temi grafici?
I temi grafici che attualmente manteniamo disponibili (Vector, Monobook, Modern e Cologne Blue) sono stati selezionati perché funzionano bene con i sistemi che forniamo. Vector è il tema ufficiale, che offriamo e manteniamo sempre aggiornato, utilizzato su tutti i progetti anche per testare i bug di sistema. Gli atri tre temi (Monobook, Modern e Cologne Blue) sono gestiti da programmatori volontari che mettono a disposizione il loro tempo gratuitamente. Noi della Wikimedia Foundation proveremo ad assicurare un'accettabile compatibilità per questi vecchi temi grafici, affinché anche le funzionalità più nuove possano in qualche misura funzionare. Nel tempo, comunque, qualora uno di questi temi grafici divenisse obsoleto, potremmo avere bisogno di disabilitare anch'esso.
I temi grafici obsoleti non sono più adatti a connessioni o computer lenti?
La maggior parte no. Una volta i temi grafici obsoleti utilizzavano meno codice e quindi erano più performanti su computer vecchi o connessioni a Internet lente. Ma dal 2011 un cambiamento tecnico ha comportato che questo non sia più vero e che la differenza ora sia trascurabile (al massimo pochi kilobyte, o sotto il 5% di caricamento di una pagina tipica).
D'altro canto, Vector and Monobook usano molte immagini di sfondo (al contrario, per esempio, del tema grafico Classico/Predefinito), fatto che potrebbe leggermente incrementare il caricamento della CPU. Modern e Cologne Blue non hanno questo problema.
Anche le scritture personalizzate in js/css, scritte per imitare i temi grafici obsoleti, possono causare tempo aggiuntivo di caricamento.
Mi piacciono molto alcuni aspetti di un tema grafico obsoleto: cosa posso fare?
Tutti i tem
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i finanziari” e delle “grandi agenzie internazionali”.
Nella stessa logica si muove l’attuale disegno di legge di revisione costituzionale, infatti nella relazione introduttiva si legge che la “stabilità dell’azione di governo” e l’efficienza dei processi decisionali” costituiscono “le premesse indispensabili per agire, con successo, nel contesto della competizione globale”.
Ulteriore osservazione.
Quando si mira ad attenuare l’incidenza di un organo di rappresentanza politica si parte dalla diminuzione del numero di eleggibili, in contemporanea con un’artificiosa differenza di funzioni e pertanto tutte le proposte di revisione che puntano a ridurre il numero dei deputati e dei senatori e ad alterare il ruolo del Senato, contrastano con i Principi fondamentale della C.
Prima di entrare nel merito della proposta, va rilevata una distorsione procedurale, perché è la prima volta che un disegno di legge di revisione costituzionale non è frutto di un’iniziativa parlamentare, ma del presidente del Consiglio Renzi e del Ministro per le riforme Boschi.
Togliatti, nel discorso tenuto alla Camera dei deputati l’8 dicembre 1952, sostenne che il Presidente del Consiglio non potesse porre la questione delle modifiche costituzionali, poiché presta “giuramento di fedeltà alla Costituzione” ed è tenuto di conseguenza ad “attuarla”.
Oltretutto, la decisione di “contingentare” i tempi del dibattito sulla proposta di revisione contrasta con lo spirito della Costituzione e specie con il fine dell’ art. 138 C., che è quello di garantire una discussione ed una approvazione delle modifiche da parte di “una maggioranza larga” e non “artificiale”.
Il termine “contingentare” esprime l’aridità della concezione di democrazia oggi dominante, ossia una concezione opposta a quella dei Costituenti che non avrebbero deciso di comprimere il dibattito con meccanismi giugulatori (“canguri”, “tagliole”, “ghigliottine”), perché consapevoli del fatto che i processi di riforma costituzionale servono a delineare “un ordine nuovo” destinato a proiettarsi “verso il futuro” e non verso l’orizzonte asfittico degli interessi delle maggioranze di governo.
Di fronte all’anomalia di una riforma costituzionale non generata dal parlamento ma “dettata dal governo”, non si può non osservare come, negli ultimi decenni, l’abuso della decretazione d’urgenza; la concentrazione del potere nelle mani del Governo; lo svuotamento del ruolo del Parlamento; la riduzione dell’attività delle Camere alla conversione dei decreti-legge e alla ratifica dei trattati internazionali; il governo sia riuscito ad usurpare numerose funzioni del Parlamento e come sia giunto oggi ad esautorarlo completamente, privandolo, di fatto, anche della funzione di “revisione costituzionale”.
Inoltre, è una revisione costituzionale che, alla luce della sentenza della Corte Costituzionale n.1/2014 – dichiarativa dell’incostituzionalità del Porcellum – non avrebbe dovuto essere nemmeno presentata in questa legislatura.
La riduzione del numero dei parlamentari
Per la riduzione del numero dei parlamentari, in particolare alla Camera dei deputati, viene ripetuta, fra le varie indicazioni, la cifra magica di 400, cui si fece più volte riferimento nel periodo fascista, con una proposta del guardasigilli Alfredo Rocco, accolta nella legge numero 1019/28, e persino nel 1937, nella fase di elaborazione di quella che poi fu la Camera dei Fasci e delle Corporazioni.
Oggi il depotenziamento delle funzioni legislative e di controllo si attuerebbe proprio in una fase della vita della società e delle istituzioni che richiederebbe invece un ampliamento del numero (attualmente di 630) per un impegno capillare a fronte dell’estendersi delle funzioni di governo.
Invece di assecondare quelle campagne di “antipolitica” che dilagano a causa della metamorfosi dei partiti di massa in gruppi di potere “acchiappatutto” occorre additare nelle proposte di riduzione del numero dei deputati il punto d’arrivo di una linea strategica di endemico antiparlamentarismo. Tale linea fa del plebiscitarismo elettorale il volano di un sostanziale “commissariamento” dei vertici dello Stato, sia che si punti al presidenzialismo, sia che si punti all’elezione diretta del Presidente del Consiglio a imitazione di un “premierato” eretto su basi politico istituzionali simili, ma non uguali, a quelle storicamente affermatesi in Gran Bretagna.
Entrando nel merito e valutando l’attuale proposta di superamento del “bicameralismo paritario”, non si può non rimarcare come le complesse questioni da essa evocate, siano state già affrontate e risolte dai nostri Costituenti, in una prospettiva opposta a quella del rafforzamento dell’esecutivo e della stabilità del governo, ossia nella prospettiva della valorizzazione del ruolo delle forme organizzate del pluralismo sociale e politico e specie dei partiti considerati come strumenti di partecipazione dei cittadini e dei lavoratori alla determinazione degli indirizzi concernenti l’organizzazione politica, economica e sociale del Paese (art. 3, 2° co., C.).
La Costituzione ha, infatti, riconosciuto piena rilevanza all’esigenza di garantire alle minoranze spazi di effettiva agibilità nel Parlamento, per porle in condizione di svolgere un ruolo attivo non solo nella fase elettorale, ma anche e soprattutto nella fase di determinazione della politica nazionale (art. 49 C.).
Sulla base di queste premesse, i Costituenti hanno scelto di superare la storica contrapposizione tra “Camera alta” e “Camera bassa” (caratterizzante storicamente il modello anglosassone) per introdurre la peculiare innovazione del sistema bicamerale “paritario”, caratterizzato dall’elettività dei deputati e dei senatori e dall’eguaglianza delle funzioni delle due Camere , perché fondato sul principio unificante della sovranità popolare che implica un “coordinamento” e non una “separazione” tra i poteri, il quale deve essere svolto da un Parlamento posto al “centro”, non solo del sistema delle assemblee elettive, ma anche del complessivo sistema istituzionale, compresi quindi il Governo e il Presidente della Repubblica.
I Costituenti non hanno ritenuto, inoltre, di fissare limiti stretti in relazione al numero dei componenti delle Camere, perché consapevoli del fatto che la riduzione del numero dei parlamentari restringe le possibilità di scelta e quindi gli spazi della rappresentanza, rischiando di escludere dalla sfera pubblica le voci dei cittadini, specie quelle più scomode per i poteri politico-economici dominanti.
Essi non considerarono pertanto prioritarie le esigenze connesse alla efficienza e alla rapidità delle decisioni rispetto a quelle del pluralismo politico, sociale e istituzionale, perché ritennero che la forza del Parlamento in un sistema democratico derivasse principalmente dalla sua capacità di rappresentanza.
Forma di stato, forma di governo e sistema elettorale nell’impianto unitario della Costituzione italiana
Prima di entrare nel merito del cosiddetto “Italicum”, val la pena di ricordare che, nel momento stesso in cui la legge-truffa del 1953 non è scattata la storia sociale e politica italiana è cambiata, lo schieramento moderato non ha tenuto e c’è stato un contraccolpo, tanto che già un anno dopo la legge elettorale è stata nuovamente cambiata.
La forza dirompente del mancato funzionamento del meccanismo della legge elettorale ha fatto sì che si cambiasse in senso proporzionalistico la legge elettorale con il consenso anche di forze centriste. Un fatto e un precedente importante e niente affatto scontato, perché volendo potevano pur lasciare la legge come era, invece per l’effetto di trascinamento, non è stato così.
L’esito di quel primo scontro determinò quello che venne chiamato lo “sblocco” almeno parziale della C., permettendo di incominciare a dare corpo ad alcuni elementi non ancora “sociali” ma almeno politici della nuova democrazia, come l’istituzione della Corte costituzionale, del CSM, del CNEL, pur ancora escludendo la più importante delle riforme dello Stato, cioè l’istituzione delle regioni.
Dopo di allora, dalla legge truffa in poi, non si è più discusso di questioni di riforma elettorale.
Proposte sono state fatte, sempre da destra, ma discussioni nelle istituzioni e nei partiti democratici mai.
Proprio la vicenda della Legge truffa ha messo in evidenza quanto è essenziale per la democrazia e il pluralismo sociale, la questione della legge elettorale.
Nella Costituzione repubblicana forma di stato, forma di governo e sistema elettorale sono stati concepiti come parti di un disegno organico e connessi in modo tale da potenziare il processo di emancipazione sociale delineato nei Principi fondamentali e nella Prima Parte della Costituzione.
In questo contesto risulta fondamentale la previsione di una forma di governo imperniata sul primato del Parlamento, in quanto organo recettivo delle istanze espresse dal pluralismo sociale e politico organizzato nelle formazioni di base, nei sindacati e nei partiti di massa.
La centralità del parlamento presuppone tuttavia l’adozione di un sistema proporzionale “puro” idoneo a garantire la piena estrinsecazione della sovranità popolare. Non a caso il processo di erosione dei fondamenti della democrazia-sociale è stato contrassegnato da un ripetuto attacco al sistema proporzionale.
Oltre al tentativo già ricordato del 1953 si giunge all’adozione del Mattarellum (1993) e in seguito del Porcellum (2005), rivelatosi peggiore della stessa “legge truffa”.
Solo il sistema proporzionale puro riesce infatti a dare espressione alle variegate forme della sovranità popolare anche dopo lo svolgimento delle elezioni, com’è dimostrato dal fatto che è riuscito a garantire per una lunga stagione la democraticità del sistema, nonostante gli effetti della cd. conventio ad exludendum stipulata fra le forze di maggioranza per escludere i comunisti dal governo della Repubblica.
Il sistema proporzionale puro si contrappone pertanto sia al metodo uninominale-maggioritario ad uno o due turni (usato in Gran Bretagna, negli Usa e in Francia), sia ai c.d. “modelli misti” fondati su sofisticate commistioni tra criteri maggioritari e criteri proporzionalistici che risultano tuttavia “manipolati” per rispondere alle “convenienze” dei gruppi di potere.
Se muoviamo quindi dai caratteri della forma di stato e della forma di governo delineati dalla Costituzione, non possiamo non constatare come siano da considerarsi incostituzionali in quanto lesivi dei principi della democrazia e del pluralismo, sia il c.d. “mattarellum” che prevede una ripartizione “maggioritaria” di tre quarti dei seggi conquistati con il metodo “uninominale” e una ripartizione di un quarto dei seggi conquistati con il metodo “proporzionale”, sia il c.d. “porcellum” che sortisce un esito “maggioritario” esorbitante perché prevede un “premio” idoneo a duplicare i seggi acquisiti con una vittoria di stretta misura.
Trascinato da un’acritica fobia antiproporzionalista, il Pd vuole ignorare che la legge Acerbo del 1923 era con “premio di maggioranza” su scrutinio di lista, come la “legge truffa” del 1953, e la legge “porcellum” bocciata dalla Corte Costituzionale.
E, quindi, parimenti incostituzionale appare il disegno di legge in materia elettorale concordato nell’ambito del patto Renzi-Berlusconi senza considerare le indicazioni contenute nelle motivazioni della sentenza n.1/2014 della Corte costituzionale, che ha stabilito che “il principio di eguaglianza del voto” costituisce un “principio fondante della nostra Costituzione”, il quale esige che nel circuito democratico definito dalla Costituzione, l’esercizio dell’elettorato debba avvenire in condizioni di parità, poiché ciascun voto contribuisce potenzialmente e con pari dignità alla formazione degli organi elettivi.
Se il disegno di legge in materia elettorale frutto dell’accordo Renzi-Berlusconi – che fa rivivere sia pur peggiorate le previsioni del “porcellum” – fosse approvato, si assisterebbe alla reiterazione di un “colpo di stato” tutte le volte che il corpo elettorale sarà chiamato a votare, perché verrà ogni volta vilipeso, truffato e ripudiato un principio fondante della Costituzione, dello stato di diritto, della democrazia e della civiltà giuridica, ovvero il principio di libertà e di eguaglianza del voto sancito dall’art. 48, 2° co.,C.
Il disegno di legge presentato dal Governo viola infatti sia il principio della “libertà di voto” perché prevede le “liste bloccate”, sia quello di eguaglianza perché prevede un “premio di maggioranza” esorbitante che potrebbe consentire a una lista che ha raggiunto il 30% dei voti di ottenere il 53% dei seggi, sottraendoli alla rappresentanza dei due terzi degli elettori.
A ciò si aggiunga la previsione di “soglie” di entità altrettanto abnorme da vanificare i voti di milioni di elettori che non si riconoscono in nessuna delle due aggregazioni supposte maggiori.
Inoltre, vista l’abolizione del Senato. il partito che vince le elezioni con un pugno di voti di scarto, disporrà di una maggioranza spropositata in un Parlamento ridotto ad una sola Camera.
Il “mattarellum”, il “porcellum” e “Italicum” si pongono nel solco tracciato dalla “legge truffa” con cui le forze contrarie all’attuazione della Costituzione tentarono, già cinque anni dopo la sua entrata in vigore, di porre le premesse per un passaggio ad una “democrazia autoritaria”.
Va riaffermato il criterio che vede nel principio proporzionalistico lo strumento per realizzare in modo integrale il valore del pluralismo sociale, politico e istituzionale, pertanto rappresenta un principio “generale” espressivo dell’essenza del nostro ordinamento, come si desume dal fatto che risulta richiamato in varie disposizioni costituzionali e specie nell’art. 39 C. volto a potenziare il pluralismo sindacale.
L’approvazione di un ordine del giorno favorevole al sistema proporzionale (o.d.g. Giolitti), testimonia del resto l’avversione dei Costituenti per il sistema maggioritario che, nelle fasi precedenti si era rivelato inidoneo “a fare entrare nelle istituzioni le molteplici voci del Paese e a farle contare nella formulazione e nella attuazione dell’indirizzo politico”.
La rappresentatività delle istituzioni fu considerata pertanto come la chiave per cogliere in modo continuo e ravvicinato i bisogni della collettività.
Se è vero che la scelta del sistema elettorale condiziona le caratteristiche della forma di Stato e della forma di governo, si possono comprendere le ragioni per cui i Costituenti hanno considerato il sistema proporzionale non
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ark County, closed March 15 to June 15.
At the time of this writing, these restrictions no longer apply.
There are currently nineteen limestone quarries operating in the Missouri portion of the watershed (Table Lu06, Figure Lu03). These facilities are regulated by the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) and must meet air and discharge standards. These operations have the potential to negatively affect water quality by discharging lime to surface and ground water (MDNR 1998b).
The total (MO and AR) watershed human population in 1990 was 177,233 which is an increase of 12.0% from 1980 figures. Nineteen of the twenty counties that are partially or fully in the watershed have shown population increases from 1990 to 1996.
The majority of population growth in the Missouri portion of the watershed can be attributed to urban sprawl from the Springfield area and booming tourism associated with the Branson-Table Rock Lake region. Christian (44%), Stone (40%), and Taney (33%) counties were the top three counties for growth by percent in Missouri from 1990 to 1997, and these counties are projected to remain in the top ten Missouri counties for growth between 1990 and 2020. Six of the eight Missouri counties associated with the watershed are estimated to have population increases at rates higher than the state average (9%) through the year 2020 (Table Lu07, Table Lu08). The population of Christian County is expected to nearly double in the period from 1990 to 2020. The watershed towns of Hollister (3rd) and Branson (4th) also made the top 10 list for population increase for towns of over 2,500 people (Missouri State Office of Administration 1998).
Northwestern Arkansas has, in a period from 1970-1985, had the largest percentage population increase in the state. The watershed's Arkansas counties that lie along the Missouri border have shown increases between 39% and 95% for this time period. All counties in the Arkansas portion of the watershed, with the exception of one, have had population increases between 23% to 95% in this time period (Table Lu09) (U.S. Census Bureau 1998).
Although some of these counties are not totally included in the watershed, the conclusion can be drawn that in areas where county populations have increased, so too has the watershed population. These ever-continuing population increases will put more demand on water resources and become an added threat to the water quality of the region, especially in the Bull and Swan Creek subwatersheds (Christian County) and the areas influencing Table Rock Lake and Lake Taneycomo.
The majority of the Missouri watershed is rural with a population density of 34.2 people per mi2. The Missouri state average is 64.8 people per mi2. Higher population densities occur in the Table Rock-Taneycomo region in Missouri and the Beaver Lake region in northwest Arkansas.
Larger metropolitan areas in the watershed, based on the 1990 U.S. census figures, include Branson, MO (11,364), Ava, MO (2,938), Hollister, MO (2,628), Kimberling City, MO (1,590) Forsyth, MO (1,161), Harrison, AR (9,922), Berryville, AR (3,212,) Green Forest, AR (2,050), Eureka Springs, AR (1,900), and West Fork, AR (1,607) (U.S. Census Bureau 1998).
SOIL CONSERVATION AND WATERSHED PROJECTS
There are currently no PL 566 or SALT projects in the Missouri portion of the White River watershed.
Public areas in the Missouri portion of the watershed are numerous and managed by several state and federal agencies (Table Lu10, Figure Lu04). The Drury-Mincy Conservation Area (CA) is the largest (5,699 acres) area owned and managed by the Missouri Department of Conservation (MDC) in the watershed. MDC owns and manages 18,783 acres with additional management responsibility on 18,625 acres of land owned by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USCOE) (Houf, L., MDC, pers. comm.). Plans have also been developed for two additional MDC access sites on Lake Taneycomo. The Cooper Creek Access will add a 29.4-acre access to Lake Taneycomo in Taney County. A lease agreement was signed in 1996 between MDC and Empire District Electric Company (EDEC) to develop land adjacent to Boston Ferry Conservation Area into an additional access. Ownership issues concerning the 1.77-acre addition have put this project on hold. A third access site on Lake Taneycomo, Empire Park Access, was recently upgraded as part of a Corporate and Agency Partnership Program (CAPP) agreement between MDC and EDEC.
The United States Forest Service (USFS) has responsibility for the management of the Mark Twain National Forest in Missouri, with a watershed-wide total of 186,253 acres of public land. Forest Service land is managed in two units, the Cassville Ranger Unit (45,028 acres), with responsibility for the western portion of the watershed and the Ava Ranger Unit (141,225 acres), with responsibility for the eastern portion of the watershed. The Hercules Glade Wilderness (12,315) is located within the Ava Ranger Unit.
The Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) has management responsibility for the lands in Roaring River State Park (3,403 acres) and Table Rock State Park (356 acres).
The Arkansas Game and Fish Commission (AG&FC) manages 25,173 acres in that state's portion of the watershed. The USFS manages 5,000-7,000 acres in the upper White River as part of the Ozark National Forest. There are three state parks in the Arkansas portion of the watershed managed by the Arkansas Department of Parks and Tourism (Table Lu11, Figure Lu05).
The USCOE owns 98,684 acres of land surrounding the three large lakes in the watershed; Beaver Lake (12,256), Table Rock Lake (24,102), Bull Shoals Lake (62,326). The majority of the land remains under the control of the USCOE and is open to the public. Some USCOE land has been leased to other state, federal, and local agencies. A small amount of USCOE land is leased to individuals for their personal use (Milholland, M., USCOE, pers. comm.).
CORPS OF ENGINEERS JURISDICTION
The White River watershed is under the jurisdiction of the Little Rock District of the USCOE. Permits issued under Section 404 of the Federal Clean Water Act are required to conduct many instream activities. Applications for Section 404 permits should be directed to the Little Rock office. In addition, current listings of Section 404 permits are available from the Little Rock USCOE District Office:Little Rock District Corps of Engineers
P.O. Box 867
Little Rock, AR 72203-0867 Phone: (501)324-5295<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Most of the naval action of WWII took place in the vast spaces of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, but there were also confrontations in smaller seas. One such encounter took place in February 1942 in the English Channel.
Shelter in Brest
In early 1941, the German battlecruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau were active in the Atlantic. There they attacked the convoys that were so vital to keeping Britain supplied during the war. The German’s activities were cut short when their supply ships were hit by Swordfish torpedo bombers flying from the British aircraft carrier Ark Royal.
In April, the two German vessels took shelter in the occupied French port of Brest. The following month, the German heavy cruiser Prince Eugen also took refuge there when it became separated from the Bismarck.
In the following months, there were repeated attacks by Allied bombers against the ships. Sitting in a port with access to the Atlantic, they were too much of a threat to convoys to be left alone. Despite determined efforts, they remained afloat.
A Dash Toward Safety
The three ships were effectively under siege which rendered them next to useless. It was a situation the Germans were about to remedy.
One of the reasons for moving the ships from Brest was the desire to free them from the unrelenting bombardment. They had undergone repairs and were ready for action which was undoubtedly a factor. So too was Hitler’s perception of the war. He suspected the Allies were about to invade Norway, to reverse their defeat there earlier in the war. He wanted his battlecruisers on hand to stop that invasion.
By the beginning of February 1942, the ships were ready to leave. Thirteen motor torpedo boats and five destroyers were assembled to accompany them. Air cover was arranged to fend off Allied bombers during the journey.
They were about to make a dash for Kiel in Germany further north; up the English Channel.
Intelligence Behind the Scenes
Meanwhile, in Britain, evidence was piling up of the Germans’ plans.
From the start of the war, the Royal Navy had had the most effective intelligence gathering and analysis of any British forces, perhaps of any nation in the war. This apparatus collated a range of information on the ships at Brest. Intercepted signals, photo reconnaissance, and information from agents in occupied Europe all pointed to the fact that the ships were ready to leave. Bombing raids had failed to put them permanently out of action.
On February 3, more details were obtained from Britain’s highest level source, Ultra. The interception and decryption of Germany’s top-level Enigma code informed the Admiralty about the boats being assembled as an escort.
By February 8, Coastal Command predicted the ships might leave anytime after the 10th, but they could not be more specific.
Despite the intelligence gathered, the British were convinced the ships would set sail during the day, to reach the narrows of the Channel under cover of night. Therefore, when the German flotilla set out under cover of darkness on February 11, the British were caught unprepared. By the time they realized what was happening, it was 1 am on February 12, and the ships were about to pass Boulogne.
Fighting in the Air
The British scrambled Swordfish biplanes to attack the German ships. They had scored successes during the hunt for the Bismarck and in attacks on supply ships. They were outdated aircraft, and their fighter escort arrived too late. No match for the German Messerschmitts, they still courageously pushed their attack to the end. None of their torpedoes hit.
Another wave of bombers was launched, complete with fighter cover. 242 bombers set out to attack the flotilla, but due to bad weather, not all of them found their targets. Those that did once again faced the Messerschmitts as well as anti-aircraft fire. As at Brest, they were unable to do serious damage to the battlecruisers.
One RAF pilot, a French exile, and former sailor escaped death by pure luck when he joined a German formation in the confusion above the Channel.
Missing at Sea
The fighting at sea went no better for the British. They did not have in the region a fleet capable of engaging with the Germans. Motor torpedo boats were held off by German escorts, and bad weather kept the Dover shore batteries from hitting their targets.
A group of WWI era destroyers, usually used as escort vessels, rushed to intercept. However, they arrived too late to engage with the Germans effectively or to block their path.
Having worked out the German’s route, British naval intelligence directed Bomber Command to lay mines ahead of the German vessels. The bombers crossed the area laying mines only hours before the German ships arrived.
As they steamed along the coast toward safety, both the Scharnhorst and the Gneisenau hit some of the mines, but they caused minor damage. The battlecruisers limped home with the rest of their squadron, arriving at Kiel on February 13.
Despite the intelligence they had gathered, the British had missed an opportunity. Still, the damage done by the mines meant the ships were in dry dock once more. There, on February 26, Allied bombers finally destroyed the Gneisenau and put the Scharnhorst out of action for a year.
Ralph Bennett (1999), Behind the Battle: Intelligence in the War with Germany 1939-1945.
Richard Russell Lawrence, ed. (2003), The Mammoth Book of How It Happened: Naval Battles.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Porsche Cayman
05 Şubat 2011 / 21:22 Porsche 911'den daha düşük bir fiyat etiketi taşıyan Cayman, güçlenen motoru, yeni otomatik şanzımanı ve yırtıcı sportifliğiyle kesinlikle etkileyici bir otomobil.
Yazı ve fotoğraflar: Bahadır BEKTAŞ
- Evoque'a hafif makyaj Range Rover Evoque, hafif çaplı bir makyaj operasyonuyla görüntüsünü tazeledi
- SEAT'ın geleceği şekilleniyor SEAT, gelecekteki tasarım felsefesinin örneği olan 20V20 konseptini tanıttı...
- Trophy ailesinin yeni üyesi: Clio R.S.220 Trophy Renault, Clio R.S. modelinin daha güçlü Trophy versiyonunu Cenevre Otomobil Fuarı'nda tanıttı
- Yeni Civic Type-R seri üretime hazır Honda, seri üretime hazır yeni Type-R'ı 310 beygir gücünde 2-litrelik bir turbo motorla tanıttı
- Aventador'un SV versiyonu hazır... Aventador'un daha hafif ve daha güçlü Superveloce versiyonu Cenevre'de yüzünü gösterdi...<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Sockeye salmon are also known as red salmon.
Description: Sockeye salmon are commonly known as “red” salmon due to the brilliant reddening (especially in males) of the body that occurs when these fish return to the freshwater to spawn. During this transformation Sockeye salmon exhibit bright red bodies, dull green heads, a pronounced kype (hooked jaw), and a small dorsal hump (which is much less pronounced than in male pink salmon). Before developing their spawning colors, adults are of a greenish-blue hue with fine black speckles on their backs. They can reach up to a length of 33 inches and weigh up to 15 pounds, although on average they typically weigh between 3.5 and 8 pounds.
Range: Sacramento River, California to Hokkaido, Japan; some populations along the Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, Bering Straits, and the Sea of Okhotsk.
Abundance: Third in abundance after pink and chum. Life History: Sockeye salmon have the greatest range of life history patterns of all the salmon species; making use of both rivers and lakes unlike the other salmonids. There are 3 types of sockeye salmon stocks, grouped by the spawning and rearing habitat they utilize as well as their life cycle behavior. Lacustrine (lake-oriented) and riverine (river-oriented) stocks are anadromous, which means that they are born and spawn in the freshwater, but live out their adult lives in the ocean. The other type of sockeye stock is called kokanee (or little redfish). Kokanee remain in the freshwater throughout their entire lifecycle. Some are descendents from landlocked sockeye salmon, while others are “residuals” who opted never to migrate out to sea. Kokanee are also smaller in size than the two stocks of anadromous sockeye. This species spawns earlier than most other salmon, usually entering the freshwater in the summer months. Lacustrine sockeye typically spawn in rivers above, below, and sometimes even in lakes; allowing the fry to develop in the lake ecosystem for 1 to 2 years. Riverine populations spawn and rear in large river systems rather than lakes. These anadromous populations typically spend 2 or 3 years at sea before returning to the freshwater to spawn.
Spawning Season: August to November.
Habitat Requirements: Sockeye differ from other Pacific salmon in their use of lake environments for spawning and juvenile rearing. Although most sockeye spawn in rivers and streams, some spawn in lakes, using beach or bottom areas where groundwater wells up through the gravel.
In Our Local Watersheds: There are two very small distinct riverine sockeye salmon populations present in the Nooksack River; one in the North/Middle Fork and one in the South Fork. These fish are more closely related to riverine stocks of sockeye salmon to the north (like the Fraser River sockeye salmon) than to local lacustrine stocks (like the Baker Lake sockeye salmon). Sockeye in our area can begin migration into the Nooksack River as early as spring, although most spawning occurs in August and September.
Did You Know? Sockeye salmon get their brilliant red spawning color in part from eating a rich diet of large zooplankton (crustaceans and fish larvae), similar to the flamingo.
For more information on Whatcom County's sockeye salmon click here.
For more information on Whatcom County's kokanee salmon click here.
Salmon Species ><|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Contraccezione orale.
24 compresse rivestite con film di colore rosa (compresse attive):
Ogni compressa rivestita con film contiene 0,02 mg di etinilestradiolo e 3 mg di drospirenone.
Eccipiente(i) con effetti noti: lattosio monoidrato 44 mg
4 compresse rivestite con film di placebo (inattive):
La compressa non contiene principi attivi
Eccipiente(i) con effetti noti: lattosio anidro 89,5 mg
Per l’elenco completo degli eccipienti, vedere paragrafo 6.1.
Compresse rivestite con film attive (rosa):
• Nucleo della compressa:
- Lattosio monoidrato
- Amido pregelatinizzato (mais)
- Povidone K–30 (E1201)
- Croscarmellosa sodica
- Polisorbato 80
- Magnesio stearato (E572)
• Rivestimento della compressa:
- Polivinil alcol
- Titanio diossido (E171)
- Macrogol 3350
- Talco
- Ossido di ferro giallo (E172)
- Ossido di ferro rosso (E172)
- Ossido di ferro nero (E172)
Compresse rivestite con film di placebo (bianche):
• Nucleo della compressa:
- Lattosio anidro
- Povidone (E1201)
- Magnesio stearato (E572)
• Rivestimento della compressa:
- Polivinil alcol
- Titanio diossido (E171)
- Macrogol 3350
- Talco
I contraccettivi orali combinati (COC) non devono essere utilizzati in presenza di una delle condizioni riportate di seguito. Se una qualsiasi delle condizioni seguenti dovesse manifestarsi per la prima
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è un uso della violenza e della sopraffazione che nessuno potrebbe negare. I video che girano per la rete ne sono un chiaro esempio, e quanti esempi ci sono – e ci sono stati- purtroppo come questi! Il problema è quando tra i giusti si insinua chi usa metodi violenti che allontanano tutto il movimento dalla nonviolenza e quindi ne inficia le ragioni. E ancora quando chi nonviolento lo è sempre stato, ma inizia, perchè stanco di veder sopraffate le proprie ragioni, a provare altre strade o giustifica la violenza contro la polizia. Mi auguro che se dovesse malauguratamente capitare nuovamente ciò che è avvenuto il giorno dello sgombero del presidio di Chiomonte ci siano 100 o meglio 1000 persone che seguano il Turi di turno. Quando ho scritto che si deve puntare a educare quanti più possibile ai metodi della nonviolenza pensavo proprio a questo. Utopico? Forse. Allora puntiamo a obiettivi più facili da raggiungere, per iniziare: ti ricordi di Genova? Gli aderenti alla Rete di Lilliput avevano scelto di colorarsi le mani di bianco e alzarle in cielo al passaggio degli elicotteri e nei momenti di tensione. Adottiamo un gesto simile. Abbandoniamo i medi alzati al cielo verso gli elicotteri, così come gli insulti.
Mario Cavallo
[email protected]
Caro Mario, non ho partecipato alla marcia del 3 luglio, ma mi sono documentato leggendo tutto quello che mi è arrivato da molteplici fonti. Condivido la tua analisi e nel prossimo articolo che comparirà oggi stesso nella nostra newsletter troverai una risposta spero più completa, compresa una frase che richiama la tua su Turi (ovviamente non eravamo a conoscenza l'uno dell'altro) .
Il Centro Studi Sereno Regis ha fatto in passato formazione alla nonviolenza con gruppi del movimento, ma sempre su piccoli numeri. Bisognerebbe che invece tale formazione fosse allargata a quante più persone possibile.
Si possono citare esempi felici di interposizione avvenuti in passate dimostrazioni, tra gruppi di manifestanti che intendevano ricorrere a metodi violenti e forze dell'ordine. Questo è avvenuto alla Mostra navale bellica a Genova nel 1989 e in altre manifestazioni antinucleari in Gemania.
Nell'articolo che immagino leggerai, dal titolo "Caro Gandhi NO TAV, e adesso cosa dobbiamo fare?, ho cercato di far parlare Gandhi, al quale diversi manifestanti si sono richiamati nei commenti circolati in rete.
Condurre una lotta nonviolenta richiede non solo coerenza, ma anche molta intelligenza e abilità politica, che non sempre i leader dei movimenti possiedono. E' necessario un lavoro condiviso, imparare dalle esperienze del passato, disciplina, disponibilità a soffrire, empatia verso le forze dell'ordine, studio, addestramento, e così via.
Continuiamo a parlarne e a riflettere, per evitare di commettere altri errori.
Nanni Salio<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Once we defined width of the site, we should start defining the inside area. The first step is defining the Grid System. This parameter is a number between 1 and 24 (including these two numbers). To change the value, drag the slider to the left or to the right to decrease or increase the value.
Your site width will be divided to equal columns. The number of the equal columns is defined in this parameter.
Imagine your site inside a net of horizontal and vertical lines. Between any two horizontal lines of the net, we have a row. Site height is not fixed, therefore, we can have as much rows as we need.
But, site width is fixed. Even if we used relative units to define site width, it’s fixed by the window width. So, if we need to use more than one element in a row (in example, logo and top menu in the first row), we need to split the row somehow.
Basically, the value in Grid System is maximum number of columns we can have in our layout and it’s valid for all rows. You are probably wondering why we have possibility to use up to 24 columns, when an average website have 2 or 3 columns only?
Because all the columns have the same width. To achieve a better flexibility in sizing of our columns, we are using bigger value for the Grid System.
To explain this, let’s allow use of 2 elements in each row. We can set Grid System parameter to 2. All rows in our layout now can accept 1 or 2 elements. When your drop and element into the row, it will use 1/2 of the site width. If you want element to use full width, drag its right side to the right to increase it’s width.
But, what if we wanted to have 2 elements in a row and the first element should use 1/4 of the site width while the second element should use 3/4 of the site width? It’s not possible with grid system of 2 columns! We should increase the grid system to 4 columns. Now, drop the elements into the row and increase the width of the second element to use 3/4 of the site width. Even if we are using only two elements in a row, we need grid system of 4 columns to define the element’s widths more precisely.
Another example. What if we need 3 elements in a row and the first element has width of 1/6, the second element has width of 3/6 and the third element has width of 2/6? How many columns we need? Of course, we need 6 columns (regardless of the number of elements, which is 3), so we will set the Grid System parameter to 6 in this situation and resize our elements to use 1/6, 3/6 and 2/6 of the site width.
Grid System is defined for your entire layout (for all rows in your layout). You can’t make one row to use, in example, 3 columns and the row below it to use 4 columns. Now, you are probably wondering, what if I need 3 equal elements in the first row (each uses 1/3 of the site width) and 4 equal elements in the second row (each uses 1/4 of the site width)? In this case, you can use 12 columns grid system and then make all elements from the first row to use 4/12 of the site width (1/3 = 4/12) and all elements from the second row to use 3/12 of the site width (1/4 = 3/12).
We hope you understand the idea behind the grid system better now. The most often used grid system has 12 columns, because number 12 can be divided by 2, 3, 4 and 6. It allows you to have elements of 1/12, 2/12 (1/6), 3/12 (1/4), 4/12 (1/3) and 6/12 (1/2) of the site width.
Which grid system you will use depends of the design of your site.
The Sparky Framework gives you ability to change the grid system later. But, keep in mind, if you are changing the Grid System parameter, your entire layout will be cleared. You will see a confirmation dialog after you change this parameter that warns you about it. If you confirm, all rows and elements you had in the layout will be removed, so you need to re-create rows and drag and drop elements again into the rows.
Always define an optimal grid system for your site before you start making the layout.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Dramatically Improving High School Mathematics Must Start Now! High school math is failing many students. Out-of-date and stale curricula are not only dull, but perpetuate inequity by limiting opportunities and failing to prepare a majority of students for life in the 21st century. Even traditionalists recognize that the status quo is no longer acceptable. Major shifts in course organization, mathematical content, pedagogy, and assessment are long overdue. Practical Guidance for Meaningful Transformation Invigorating High School Math is a clarion call for meaningful transformation. Throughout the book, Steven Leinwand and Eric Milou address the most critical challenges facing high school mathematics and provide practical guidance for:
A Stimulus for Discussion and a Road Map for Change: Many of these ideas will not be broadly popular. It's likely that none of them will be easy to implement. That's no surprise: For nearly a century, the basic structure of high school mathematics has barely changed-not because of its effectiveness, but because the status quo is a powerful force requiring purposeful action to break. This book was written for every high school math educator and leader-as both a stimulus for discussion and a road map for change. Our hope, say the authors, is that this book stimulates change, empowers teachers, and guides the profession on this critical journey to invigorate high school mathematics.
Number of Units: 3.0 graduate level extension credit(s) in semester hours
Who Should Attend: This course provides continuing education for DoDEA educators.
Professional development courses offered by the University of San Diego’s Division of Professional & Continuing Education are taught by faculty that possess a depth and breadth of academic and real-world professional experience.
PCE nurtures key partnerships on the local, national and international level to better serve working professionals who seek to enhance or build their careers, as well as with their employers to help achieve their highest value and potential. Contact us today to learn more.
Number of high-quality, career-building courses to choose from
Number of in-depth, innovative, and relevant topics
Career advancing certificates
Courses offer a convenient, yet rigorous style of learning that allows you to structure your education to suit your schedule while keeping you on pace toward achieving your educational.
The University of San Diego’s Division of Professional and Continuing Education offers graduate-level extension credit for work completed in trainings, workshops, conferences, induction, credentials, and other professional development programs not offered directly by USD. Complete one of the above and a member of our division will help you earn credit for your hard work and dedication to continuing your education.
Earn credit for your previous work in trainings, workshops, and conferences through a simple process.
Save money by earning credit for work you completed and get one step closer to salary advancement.
Many receiving institutions may accept credits towards degree programs, giving you a head start in earning a graduate degree.
Learn practical skills from expert instructors to boost your resume or succeed in your current role.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Knowledge Sharing-oriented Training Scale 知识共享培训量表（Lu等，2006）
简介
最近，一些研究从公共物品的角度来概念化组织的知识共享行为。在研究组织知识共享行为过程中，Lu等（2006）从体层面和组织层面进行了分析。由于没有完整的已经确定的量表来测量模型，所以，Lu等（2006）利用了一些已有量表的组合，并为此次研究专门开发了一些量表。
Lu等（2006）认为对知识共享行为的组织支持主要来自三个方面：管理者的态度、相关的培训和对知识共享的奖惩。其中，知识共享培训量表共有7个题目。
信度与效度
在研究1中，Lu等（2006）招募了上海和深圳的350名MBA学生和来自5个公司的80名中层员工，收回246份问卷，其中208份有效问卷。结果表明，知识共享培训量表内部一致性系数为0.92。
量表
请您根据自己的实际感受和体会，对下面7项描述进行评价和判断，并在最符合的数字上划○。评价和判断的标准如下： 1非常不同意 2比较不同意 3不同意 4不好确定 5同意 6比较同意 7非常同意
1.公司鼓励老员工对新员工进行指导，传授经验。
2.公司设有专门的教育培训项目,培训员工如何更好地交流学习。
3.通过培训,员工学会如何把个人经验转化为便于表达、传授的方式。
4.通过培训，我知道了如何寻找工作时所需要的信息和人员支持。
5.公司培训中我们知道了遇到某类工作难题时应该去哪里寻找答案。
6.通过培训，公司让我们认识到共享知识有利于我们自身的职业发展。
7.开展工作项目时,公司给予员工足够的时间和必要的支持,令他们在工作的同时学到如何分享知识。
下载WORD版问卷：文件:KSOTS2006.doc
计分方法
知识共享培训量表共7道题，可以计算量表所包含题目的平均分或总分。
量表出处
Lu, L., Leung, K., & Koch, P. T. (2006). Managerial knowledge sharing: The role of individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors. Management and Organization Review, 2(1), 15-41.
友情提醒
为方便学术研究，根据公开发表的学术成果整理而成，供学者在学术研究中使用， 商业使用请与原作者联系。为了尊重作者的劳动成果， 请根据量表出处规范引用，谢谢！
致谢
此量表由中国人民大学公共管理学院李超平教授及其团队整理，特此致谢！（更多量表可见：http://www.obhrm.net/index.php）<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>معاون فرهنگی وزارت بهداشت گفت: بیش از ۱۰۰۰ اثر در جشنواره تیتر ۱۲ به مرحله نهایی راه یافتند.
به گزارش خبرنگار دانشگاه خبرگزاری دانشجو، معاون فرهنگی وزارت بهداشت، در نشست خبری جشنواره نشریات دانشجویی تیتر ۱۲ گفت: از آبان ماه فراخوان را آغاز کردیم بیش از ۲۸ هزار آثار در سامانه ثبت شد و ۱۵۳ دانشگاه در این جشنواره مشارکت کردند که با وجود تعطیلی دانشگاهها افت مشارکت در آثار نداشتیم.
وی افزود: در این دوره جشنواره غربالگری اولیه انجام شد و آثار به ۲۳ هزار ۷۸۹ اثر رسید که این باعث صرفه جویه ۴۸ میلیون تومانی هزینه در جشنواره شد. جشنواره تیتر ۱۲ در ۵ بخش نشریات برگزیده، آثار برگزیده، بخش ویژه، سرزمین مجازی و مادری برگزار میشود.
لاری اضافه کرد: ۹۷۵ اثر به مرحله نهایی رسید، برای دانشجویانی که آثار ارسال کردند کارنامه ارسال شد، که از بین آنها ۹۱۹ نفر اعتراض کردند که روشنگری در این زمینه صورت گرفت.
وی خاطرنشان کرد: راه یافتگان آثار نهایی ۱۰۴۵ نفر هستند که ۲۰۳ نفر برگزیده داریم که ۱۰۹ نشریات برتر، ۷۸ اثر وزارت بهداشت و ۱۱۵ اثر وزارت علوم است.
لاری اضافه کرد: مراسم اختتامیه ۱۷ و ۱۸ مرداد در دو روز به میزبانی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی ایران برگزار میشود
۸۰ درصد دانشجویان بالینی علوم پزشکی واکسینه شدند
معاون وزیر بهداشت درباره آخرین وضعیت واکسیناسیون دانشجویان در کشور گفت: ۴۰ درصد دانشجویان علوم پزشکی در دانشگاههای علوم پزشکی کشور حضور داشتند و محلهای ایزوله و پروتکلهای بهداشتی را در این مدت رعایت کردیم.از زمانی که بحث واکسن کادر درمان مطرح شد تاکنون ۸۰ درصد دانشجویان علوم پزشکی در گروه بالینی واکسینه شدند. برخی دانشگاهها این موضوع به ۹۰ درصد هم رسید و برخی از دانشگاهها این آمار کمتر بود که دلیل آن هم حضور دانشجویان در محل زندگی شان بود.
لاری خاطرنشان کرد: البته برخی دانشگاهها تمام دانشجویان حتی غیر بالینی را هم واکسینه کرده بوند. با هماهنگی که با معاونت بهداشتی وزارت بهداشت صورت گرفته قرار است دانشجویانی که در محل زندگی خود حضور دارند، همانجا واکسیناسیون صورت بگیرد.
وی یادآور شد: نکته جالب توجه این است که دانشجویان علوم پزشکی در قالب کار دانشجویی درخواست داشته اند که دانشجویان برای واکسیناسیون مشارکت داشته باشند که با هماهنگیهای صورت گرفته در برخی از دانشگاهها این کار انجام شده است.
معاون وزیر بهداشت اظهار داشت: برای مهرماه برنامه ریزی صورت گرفته و طبق قول معاونت بهداشت واکسیناسیون دانشجویان غیربالینیها انجام بگیرد که این دانشجویان را برای اول مهر در دانشگاهها داشته باشیم. اساتید دانشگاههای علوم پزشکی که در گروه غیربالینی حضور دارند نیز واکسیناسیون آنها به زودی به اتمام میرسد.
وی افزود: بر اساس جلساتی که در این زمینه برگزار شده است و به گفته وزیر علوم اولویت واکسیناسیون دانشجویان در وزارت علوم با دانشجویان دکتری و ارشد است و طبق قول معاونت بهداشتی از شهریورماه واکسیناسیون دانشجویان را شروع میکنند.
لاری خاطرنشان کرد: دانشگاهها هیچ گاه کاملا بسته نبوده که بخواهیم بازگشایی کنیم بلکه به سمت آموزش حضوری حرکت خواهیم کرد. آموزش حضوری در مهرماه را با توجه به روند واکسیناسیون در نظر میگیریم.
لاری همچنین به برنامه وزارت بهداشت در خصوص میزان وامهای دانشجویی در سال جاری اشاره کرد و گفت: ما امسال برای دانشجویان علوم پزشکی افزایش وام داشتیم به طوری که در حوزه وام ودیعه مسکن این وام را به سه دسته تقسیم کردیم که براساس آن در شهرهای بزرگ دانشجویان تا سقف مبلغ ۶۰ میلیون میتواند دریافت کند بنابراین در سال جاری با توجه به افزایش منابعی که داریم قطعا در حوزه وامها با افزایش مواجه خواهیم شد.
هزینه ۹۰۰ میلیارد تومانی برای تجهیز و بهسازی خوابگاههای علوم پزشکی
سخنگوی وزارت بهداشت خاطر نشان کرد: ما طی دو سال گذشته برای فراهم کردن شرایط رفاهی برتر دانشجویان علوم پزشکی تلاشهای زیادی کردیم به طوری که در حوزه خوابگاهها حدود ۸۰۰ تا ۹۰۰ میلیارد تومان طی دو سال گذشته با عنوان کمک به دانشگاههای علوم پزشکی برای بهسازی و تجهیزات این خوابگاهها تزریق نمودیم و ف
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Rusya, Birleşik Krallık ( İngiltere) , Bolivya, Brezilya, Çekoslovakya (Şimdi ise ayrılmış olarak Çek Cumhuriyeti ve Slovak Cumhuriyeti), Çin, Danimarka, Dominik Cumhuriyeti, Ekvador, El Salvador, Etiyopya, Filipinler, Fransa, Guatemala, Güney Afrika, Haiti, Hindistan, Hollanda, Honduras, Irak, İran, Kanada, Kolombiya, Kosta Rika, Küba, Libya, Lübnan, Lüksemburg, Meksika, Mısır, Nikaragua, Norveç, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Polonya, SSCB (şimdiki Rusya), Suriye, Suudi Arabistan, Şili, Türkiye, Ukrayna, Uruguay, Venezuela, Yeni Zelanda, Yugoslavya, Yunanistan.
1946 yılında; Afganistan, İsviçre, İzlanda,Tayland.
1947 yılında; Pakistan, Yemen Arap Cumhuriyeti. (1990da Yemen Demokratik Cumhuriyeti ile birleşti)
1948 yılında; Birmanya (bugün Myanmar)
1949 yılında; İsrail.
1950 yılında; Endonezya.
1955 yılında; Arnavutluk, Avusturya, Bulgaristan, Finlandiya, İrlanda, İspanya, İtalya, Kamboçya, Laos, Libya, Macaristan, Nepal, Portekiz, Romanya, Sri Lanka, Ürdün.
1956 yılında; Japonya, Fas, Sudan, Tunus.
1957 yılında; Gana, Malezya.
1958 yılında; Gine.
1960 yılında; Benin (Dahomey), Burkina Faso (Yukarı Volta), Çad, Fildişi Kıyısı, Gabon, Kamerun, Kıbrıs, Kongo, Madagaskar, Mali, Nijer, Nijerya, Senegal, Somali, Togo, Zaire.
1961 yılında; Moritanya, Moğolistan, Sierra Leone, Tanzanya (Tanganika ile 1963te Birleşmiş Milletlere üye olan Zengibar ile 1964 yılında birleşti).
1962 yılında; Burundi, Cezayir, Jamaika, Raunda, Trinidad ve Tobago, Uganda.
1963 yılında; Kenya, Kuveyt.
1964 yılında; Malavi, Malta, Zambiya.
1965 yılında; Gambiya, Maldivler, Singapur.
1966 yılında; Barbados, Botsvana, Guyana, Lesotho.
1967 yılında; Yemen Demokratik Halk Cumhuriyeti (Güney Yemen 1990da Yemen Arap Cumhuriyeti ile birşleşti).
1968 yılında; Ekvator Ginesi, Mauritius, Svaziland.
1970 yılında; Fiji.
1971 yılında; Bahreyn, Bhutan, Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri, Katar.
1973 yılında; Bahamalar.
1974 yılında; Bangladeş, GineBissau, Grenada.
1975 yılında; Cabo Verde, Komorolar, Mozambik, Papua Yeni Gine, Sao Tome ve Prıncipe, Surinam.
1976 yılında; Angola, Batı Samoa, Seyşeller.
1977 yılında; Cibuti, Vietnam
1978 yılında; Solomon Adaları.
1979 yılında; Dominika, St. Lucia.
1980 yılında; St. Vincet ve Gren adinler, Zimbabwe.
1981 yılında; Antigua ve Barbuda, Belize, Vanuatu.
1983 yılında; St. Cristopher ve Nevis.
1984 yılında; Brunei.
1990 yılında; Liechtenstein, Namibia.
1991 yılında; Estonya, Güney Kore, Kuzey Kore, Letonya, Litvanya, Marshall Adaları, Mikronezya.
1992 yılında; Azerbaycan, Bosna Hersek, Ermenistan, Hırvatistan, Kırgızistan, Moldova, Özbekistan, San Marino, Slovenya, Tacikistan, Türkmenistan.
2006 yılında; Karadağ.
Birleşmiş Milletler bünyesine katılmıştır. Şuan 192 üye ülke bünyesinde bulunmaktadır.
BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLERE YÖNELİK ELEŞTİRİLER:
Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyindeki daimi üyelik ve veto sistemi hiyerarşik bir dünya tasavvurunun izlerini taşıdığı, dolayısıyla devletlerin egemen eşitliği prensibiyle çeliştiği gerekçesiyle eleştirilmektedir. Uluslararası sisteme ve hukuka güç parametreleri açısından yaklaşanlar ise Güvenlik Konseyindeki daimi üyeliklerin İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası dönemin güç dengelerini yansıttığını, aradan geçen dönemde değişik özellikleriyle dikkate alınması gereken güçler haline gelen Japonya, Almanya, Hindistan gibi ülkelerin daimi üyelik statüsüne sahip olamamaları açısından bir istikrarsızlık potansiyeli oluşturduğunu söylemektedirler.
Özellikle Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinin Birleşmiş Milletler karşısındaki tavrı da değişiklikler arz etmektedir. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri bir yandan Birleşmiş Milletler bütçesinin %25e yakın tek başına sağlayıp, Birleşmiş Milletler sistemi içerisinde yer alan IMF (Uluslararası Para Fonu) ve Dünya Bankası gibi finans kuruluşlarındaki ağırlıyla bu örgütleri milli çıkarları doğrultusunda yönlendirme imkanını elinde tutarken, diğer yandan da sistemi krize sokabilecek tavırlar sergilemekten de çekinmemektedir. Bu ülke Birleşmiş Milletler sisteminin kurulmasında en etkili rolü oynayan ülke olmasına rağmen, egemenliğine sınırlama getirecek, Birleşmiş Milletler eylemlerine hemen her zaman karşı çıkmıştır. Bu tavrın son örnekleri Uluslararası Savaş Suçları Mahkemesinin kurulması ve Irak Savaşı sırasında sergilemiştir.
TÜRKİYE VE BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER:
Özellikle Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde Türkiyenin Birleşmiş Milletlerdeki rolünün önem kazandığında bahsetmek mümkündür.
Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetleri ve Kafkas ülkelerinin Birleşmiş Milletlere üye olmasıyla etkinliği artan Türkiye tarihi, kültürel ve jeopolitik özelliklerinden kaynaklanan uluslararası kriz yaşanan birçok bölgede aktif görevler üstlenmiştir.
1993-1994 yıllarında Somaliye gönderilen ikinci barış gücü UNOSOM-IIye (Birleşmiş Milletler Somali Operasyonu), Bosna Hersekte Dayton Barış Antlaşmasının uygulanmasına yardımcı olmak ve barış sürecinde toplumsal düzenin sağlanmasında katkıda bulunmak üzere kurulan ″Birleşmiş Milletler Uluslararası Polis Gücünde (UNIPTF)″ Mart 1996 ile Aralık 2002 arasında Türkiyeden 101 personel görev yapmıştır. Türkiye 1 Ocak 2003ten itibaren görevi devralan Avrupa Birliği Polis Gücüne de katlım sağlamaktadır.
Türkiye Kosovadaki Çok Uluslu Barış Gücüne 994 askerden oluşan bir taburla katılmıştır. Ayrıca Kosovada görev yapmakta olan UNMIK Polis Gücünde (UNMIK-CIVPOL) ülkemiz 120 polisle temsil edilmektedir. Türkiye, Kosova krizinin başlangıcından itibaren yaptığı yoğun insani ve ekonomik yardımların yanı sıra, son olarak beş milyon dolarlık bir bağışla Kosovadaki sosyal ve kültürel projeleri desteklemiştir.
Ayrıca Türkiye Arnavutluka yapılan insani yardımların bu ülkeye süratli ve güvenli bir şekilde ulaştırılması amacıyla oluşturulan Çok Uluslu Koruma Gücüne 779 kişiden oluşan bir birlikle katılmıştır.
Son olarak Türkiye, Haziran 2002 Şubat 2003 tarihleri arasında Afganistandaki ISAF-IFye (Uluslararası Güvenlik ve Yardım Kuvveti) aktif olarak katılarak uluslararası gücün komutanlığını sekiz ay süreyle yürütmüştür. ISAF-IIIe ise halen 229 personel ile destek vermeye devam etmektedir.
Ayrıca, 25 Mart 2002 tarihi itibari ile Birleşmiş Milletler Sekretaryasında on sekizi yönetici düzeyinde olmak üzere toplam otuz beş görevli çalışmaktadır.
İNSAN HAKLARI EVRENSEL BİLDİRGESİ
10 ARALIK 1948
İNSAN HAKLARI EVRENSEL BİLDİRGESİ
10 ARALIK 1948
İnsanlık ailesinin bütün üyelerinin doğal yapısındaki onuru ile eşit ve devredilemez haklarını tanımanın dünyada özgürlük, adalet ve barışın temeli olduğunu, insan haklarını göz ardı etmenin ve hor görmenin, insanlığın vicdanında infial uyandıran barbarca eylemlere yol açtığını, insanların korku ve yoksulluktan kurtulması, konuşma ve inanma özgürlüğüne sahip olacağı bir dünyanın ortaya çıkmasının sıradan insanların en yüksek özlemi olarak ilan edilmiştir. İnsanın zorbalık ve baskıya karşı son çare olarak başkaldırmak zorunda kalmaması için, insan haklarının hukukun egemenliği ile korunmasının önemli olduğunu, uluslararasında dostça ilişkiler geliştirmenin önemli olduğunu, Birleşmiş Milletler halklarının, Birleşmiş Milletler Kuruluş Belgesinde, temel insan haklarına, kişinin onuruna ve değerine, erkekler ile kadınların hak eşitliğine olan inançlarını teyit ettiklerini ve daha geniş özgürlük içinde toplumsal gelişme ve daha iyi bir yaşam düzeyini sağlamaya kararlı olduklarını, üye devletlerin, Birleşmiş Milletlerle işbirliği içinde, insan haklarının ve temel ve temel özgürlüklerin evrensel olarak saygı görmesi ve gözetilmesini sağlamayı taahhüt ettiklerini, bu hak ve özgürlüklerde ortak bir anlayışa sahip olmanın, bu taahhüdün tam olarak gerçekleşmesi için büyük önem taşıdığını göz önüne alarak, Genel Kurul bütün halklar ve uluslar için bir ortak başarı ölçüsü olarak bu İnsan Hakları Evrensel bildirgesini ilan eder. Öyle ki her birey ve toplumun her organı bu bildirgeyi daima göz önünde bulundurarak bu hak ve özgürlüklere saygının yerleşmesini amaçlayan eğitim ve öğretim yoluyla hem üye devletlerin halkalarına hm egemenlikleri altındaki altında ki halkalarda bu hak ve özgürlüklerin evrensel ve etkin olarak tanınmasını ve gözetilmesini amaçlayan ulusal ve uluslararası tedrici önlemler alarak çaba göstersinler.
İNSAN HAKLARI EVRENSEL BİLDİRGESİNİN MADDELERİ;
MADDE 1:
Bütün insanlar özgür, onur ve haklar bakımından eşit doğarlar. Akıl ve vicdanla donatılmışlardır. Birbirlerine kardeşlik anlayışı ile davranmalıdırlar.
MADDE 2:
Herkes ırk, renk, cinsiyet, dil, din, siyasal ya da başka türden kanaat, ulusal ya da toplumsal köken, mülkiyet, doğuş veya başka türden statü gibi herhangi bir ayrım gözetilmeksizin, bu bildirgede belirtilen bütün hak ve özgürlüklere sahiptir.
Ayrıca, bağımsız, vesayet altında ya da kendi kendini yönetemeyen ya da egemenliği başka yollardan sınırlanmış bir ülke olsun ya da olsun olmasın, bir kişinin uyruğu olduğu ülke ya da memleketin siyasal, hukuksal ya da uluslararası statüsüne dayanarak hiçbir ayrım yapılmaz.
MADDE 3:
Herkesin yaşama hakkı ile kişi özgürlüğü ve güvenliğine hakkı vardır.
MADDE 4:
Hiç kimse, kölelik ya da kulluk altında tutulamaz; her türlü kölelik ve köle ticareti yasaktır.
MADDE 5:
Hiç kimseye işkence ya da zalimce, insanlık dışı, aşağılayıcı muamele ve ceza uygulanmaz.
MADDE 6:
Herkesin nerde olursa olsun yasa önünde bir kişi olarak tanınma hakkı vardır.
MADDE 7:
Herkes yasa önünde eşittir ve ayrım gözetilmeksizin yasa tarafından eşit korunmaya hakkı vardır. Herkes, bu bildirgeye aykırı herhangi bir ayrımcılığa ve ayrımcı kışkırtmalara karşı eşit korunma hakkına sahiptir.
MADDE 8:
Herkesin anayasa ya da yasayla tanınmış temel haklarını ihlal eden eylemlere karşı yetkili ulusal mahkemeler eliyle etkin bir yargı yolundan yararlanma hakkı vardır
MADDE 9:
Hiç kimse keyfi olarak yakalanamaz, tutuklanamaz ve sürgün edilemez.
MADDE 10:
Herkesin, hak ve yükümlülüklerinin belirlenmesinde ve kendisine herhangi bir suç isnadında bağımsı ve yansız bir mahkeme tarafından tam bir eşitlikle, hakça ve kamuya açık olarak yargılanmaya hakkı vardır.
MADDE 11:
Kendisine cezai bir suç yüklenen herkesin, savunması için gerekli olan tüm güvencelerin tanındığı, kamuya açık bir yargılama sonucunda suçluluğu yasaya göre kanıtlanıncaya kadar suçsuz sayılma hakkı vardır.
Hiç kimse, işlendiği sırada ulusal ya da uluslararası hukuka göre suç oluşturmayan herhangi bir fiil yapmak ya da yapmamaktan dolayı suçlu sayılmaz. Kimseye, suçun işlendiği sırada yasalarda öngörülen cezadan daha ağır bir ceza verilmez.
MADDE 12:
Hiç kimsenin özel yaşamına, ailesine, evine ya da yazışmasına keyfi olarak karşılamaz, onuruna ve adına saldırmaz. Herkesin, bu gibi müdahale ya da saldırılara karşı yasa tarafından korunma hakkı vardır.
MADDE 13:
Herkesin, her devletin sınırları içinde seyahat ve oturma özgürlüğü hakkı vardır.
Herkes kendi ülkesi de dâhil, herhangi bir ülkeden ayrılma ve o ülkeye dönme hakkına sahiptir.
MADDE 14:
Herkesin, sürekli baskı altında tutulduğunda, başka ülkelere sığınma ve kabul edilme hakkı vardır.
Gerçekten siyasal nitelik taşıyan suçlardan kaynaklanan ya da Birleşmiş Milletlerin amaç ve ilkelerine aykırı fiillerden kaynaklanan kovuşturma durumunda, bu hak ileri sürülmez.
MADDE 15:
Herkesin bir ülkenin yurttaşı olmaya hakkı vardır.
Hiç kimse keyfi olarak uyrukluğundan yoksun bırakılmaz, kimsenin uyrukluğunu değiştirme hakkı yadsınamaz.
MADDE 16:
Yetişkin erkeklerle kadınların, ırk, uyrukluk ya da din bakımından herhangi bir sınırlama yapılmaksızın, evlenmeye ve bir aile kurmaya hakkı vardır. Elenmede, evlilikte ve evliliğin bozulmasında hakları eşittir.
Evlilik, ancak evlenmeye niyetlenen eşlerin özgür ve tam oluruyla yapılır.
Aile, toplumun doğal ve temel birimidir; toplum ve devlet tarafından korunur.
MADDE 17:
Herkesin, tek başına ya da başkalarıyla oraklık içinde, mülkiyet hakkı vardır.
Kimse mülkiyetinden keyfi olarak yoksun bırakılamaz.
MADDE 18:
Herkesin düşünce, vicdan ve din özgürlüğüne hakkı vardır; bu hak, din veya inancını
Değiştirme özgürlüğünü, din veya inancını tek başına veya topluca ve kamuya açık veya özel olarak öğretme, uygulama, ibadet ve uyma yoluyla açıklama serbestliğini de kapsar.
MADDE 19:
Herkesin kanaat ve ifade özgürlüğüne hakkı vardır; bu hak, müdahale olmaksızın kanaat taşıma ve herhangi bir yoldan ve ülke sınırlarını gözetmeksizin bilgi ve fikirlere ulaşmaya çalışma, onları edinme ve yayma serbestliğini de kapsar.
MADDE 20:
Herkes, barış içinde toplama ve örgütlenme hakkına sahiptir.
Hiç kimse, bir örgüte üye olmaya zorlanamaz.
MADDE 21:
Herkes, doğrudan ya da serbestçe seçilmiş temsilcileri aracılığı ile ülkesinin yönetimine katılma hakkına sahiptir.
Herkesin, ülkesinde kamu hizmetlerinden eşit yararlanma hakkı vardır.
Halk iradesi, otoritesinin temelini oluşturulmalıdır; bu irade, genel ve eşit oy hakkı ile gizli ve serbest oylama yoluyla, belirli aralıklarla yapılan dürüst seçimlerle belirtilir.
MADDE 22:
Herkesin, toplumun bir üyesi olarak, toplumsal güvenliğe hakkı vardır; ulusal çabalarla, uluslararası işbirliği yoluyla her devletin örgütlenme ve kaynaklarına göre herkes insan onuru ve kişiliğin özgür gelişmesi bakımından vazgeçilmez olan ekonomik, toplumsal ve kültürel haklarının gerçekleştirilmesi hakkına sahiptir.
MADDE 23:
Herkesin çalışma, işini özgürce seçme, adil ve elverişli koşullarda çalışma ve işsizliğe karşı korunma hakkı vardır.
Herkesin, herhangi bir ayrım gözetilmeksizin, eşit iş için eşit ücrete hakkı vardır.
Çalışan herkesin, kendisi ve ailesi için insan onuruna yaraşır bir yaşam sağlayacak düzeyde, adil ve elverişli ücretlendirmeye hakkı vardır; bu, gerekirse başka toplumsal korunma yollarıyla desteklenmelidir.
Herkesin, çıkarını korumak için sendika kurma ya da sendikaya üye olma hakkı vardır.
MADDE 24:
Herkesin, dinlenme ve boş zamana hakkı vardır. Bu iş saatlerinin makul ölçüde sınırlandırılması ve belirli aralıklarla ücretli tatil yapma hakkı vardır.
MADDE 25:
Herkesin kendisinin, ailesinin sağlığı ve iyi yaşama için yeterli yaşama standartlarına hakkı vardır. Bu hak, beslenme, giyim, konut, tıbbi bakım ile gerekli toplumsal hizmetleri; işsizlik, hastalık, sakatlık, dulluk, yaşlılık ya da kendi denetiminin dışındaki koşullardan kaynaklanan başka geçimini sağlayamama durumlarında güvenlik hakkını da kapsar.
Anne ve çocukların, özel bakıma ve yardıma hakları vardır. Tüm çocuklar, evlilik için ya da dışı doğmuş olmalarına bakılmaksızın aynı toplumsal korumadan yararlanır.
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to those different functions. Similarly, when the mind does Sankalpa-Vikalpa (will-thought and doubt), it is called Mind; when it discriminates and decides, it is Buddhi; when it self-arrogates, it is Ahankara; when it is the storehouse of Samskaras and seat of memory, it is Chitta; also when it does Dharana and Anusandhana.
Who gave coolness to water, warmth to fire, motion to air? These qualities are their very nature. Even so, mind has got its Svabhava of running towards objects, Buddhi of determining, Ahankara of self-assertion and self-identification, Chitta of thinking (Smriti) of those objects which are identified by Ahankara.
When the mind is at work, Buddhi and Ahankara work simultaneously along with the mind. Mind, Buddhi and Ahankara work in healthy co-operation. Mind makes Sankalpa-Vikalpa. It thinks whether a certain thing is good or bad. Buddhi comes for determination. It is Buddhi which discriminates the Vishaya (Nischyatmika, Vyavasayatmika).
The Svarupa of mind is thought only. Mind is Sankalpa-Vikalpatmaka. It is Vyakaranatmaka when it forwards the decisions of Buddhi, the messages from Buddhi, to the organs of action for execution. Mind selects, attends and rejects.
Functions Of Mind
Sensation, thought and volition are the threefold functions of the mind. Cognition, desire, volition are the three mental processes.
Mind has three states, viz., active, passive and neutral. Mind always wants variety and new sensations. It is disgusted with monotony.
Law of Association, Law of Continuity and Law of Relativity are the three principal laws of the mind.
These are the characteristics of the mind, viz., change (Parinama), activity (Cheshta), suppression (Nirodha), ideation in action (Sakti), physical life (Jivana), characterisation (Dharma).
Thinking, planning, feeling, knowing are the various activities that are going on in the mind. Sometimes you plan. Sometimes you feel. Sometimes you try to know. Sometimes you think seriously. Sometimes you will (volition). Volition brings all the mental faculties into play. You must be able to know by introspection what exactly is going on at different times in the mind.
Aspects Of Mind
Conscious mind or objective mind, subconscious mind or subjective mind (Chitta) and superconscious mind are three aspects of the mind. You see, hear and read with the objective mind.
Sensational mind, rational mind and intuitive mind are three aspects of mind according to another classification of Western philosophers.
Heart is the seat of four Tattvas-Prana, Mind, Ahankara and Atman. According to Vedanta, the seat of mind is the heart. Ajna Chakra, which consists of two lotuses and which is tentatively situated in the space between the two eyebrows, is the seat of mind according to the Hatha Yoga School.
Seat Of Mind
Mind has various faculties and centres and operates through corresponding physical centres in the brain. Mind, Buddhi and understanding are in the Linga Sarira; but they operate through corresponding centres in the physical brain. The brain is not mind as the Westerners think. Mind has its seat in the physical brain. It gains experiences of this physical universe through the vibrations of the brain.
A king, though he has complete sway over his whole territory, though the whole kingdom belongs to him, has got special places for his residence. He has got a splendid palace in the capital and another beautiful, palatial building in Mussoorie or Mount Abu for his stay in summer. Even so, the mind, though it is all-pervading throughout the body, has got three places to reside in during the three states-Jagrat, Svapna and Sushupti. The seat of mind in deep sleep is heart. In dream, the seat of the mind is neck. In waking state, the seat of the mind is the right eye or Ajna Chakra. Just mark what you do in Alochana (deep thinking). You hold your finger in the chin, turn the neck to the right side, turn the gaze towards the space between the two eyebrows and then begin to think seriously on the problem in hand. This goes to show that the seat of the mind is the Ajna Chakra.
Mind Is Not Atman
In the West, the psychologists make a serious mistake in saying that consciousness is a function and attribute of the mind. It is Chit or Atman only that is Pure Consciousness Itself. Mind borrows its light from time to time from its source-Atman, the Light of lights or the Sun of suns and glitters temporarily like consciousness, like the golden gilt in brass. Mind borrows its light and power from Brahman, the source (Yoni), just as the iron-rod borrows its heat and effulgence from fire. Mind is Jada or non-intelligent, but appears to be intelligent by borrowing light from Brahman, just as water exposed to the sun borrows heat from the sun.
Mind can do only one thing at a time. It is finite (Parichhinna). It is Jada. It is the effect (Karya) of Sattva Guna. It is Vinasi (perishable). It is Chanchala (ever-fluctuating). It is a bundle of ideas, Samskaras, habits, impulses and emotions. It borrows light from the Adhishthana (the underlying substratum), Brahman. You can control the mind. The thinker is different from thought. There is no functioning of the mind in deep sleep. You always say, "My mind", as if mind is one of your instruments just like your walking-stick or umbrella. Therefore, mind is not the self-shining Atman.
Even in cases of delirium or in cases where there is paralysis of the mental functions, where a man loses his memory and other faculties partly or wholly, 'He' remains. The 'I' exists (Aham Asmi). The mind seems to be as much your property and outside of you as the limbs, the dress worn or the building you dwell in. Therefore, mind is different from 'I'.
Mind gropes in darkness. It forgets every moment. It is changing every second. If food is withdrawn for a couple of days, it cannot think properly. There is no functioning of the mind during deep sleep. It is full of impurities, Vasanas and Trishnas (cravings). It gets puzzled during anger. In fear, it trembles. In shock, it sinks. How can you take the mind, then, as the pure Self?
Manas is an organ of sensation and thought. This instrument must be under the control of someone who uses it. The Jiva or human soul is not the director of the mind, because we see that ordinary men cannot control their minds. They are simply swayed hither and thither by petty Raga-Dvesha, emotion and fear. Therefore, there must exist some other Being, who is Director of the mind. Who is that Being? He is the Manasah pati (Lord of mind), Antaryamin, Kutastha Brahman.
Just as you see the tree in front of you, there must be somebody to see and know what is going on in the mind of Jivas. That somebody is Kutastha. Kutastha is Brahman Himself. There is a tumbler in front of you. It cannot see itself. An instrument, eye and a seer are needed. If you say that the tumbler can see itself, then there will be Karmakartritva-bhava-virodha. It is a logical absurdity. Therefore, you have to admit that there is a silent Sakshi of the mind, who is eternal, unchanging, eternal knower, always the knowing subject. He is witnessing the motives and modifications that arise in the minds of Jivas.
Isvara or Saguna Brahman (Personal God) has full consciousness of Nirguna Brahman. That is His Svarupa- Lakshana. At the same time, he has full cosmic consciousness. He knows what is going on in every mind.
Consciousness per se or the Absolute Consciousness is common in all. This pure consciousness is one. It is Kutastha Chaitanya. All the workings of the mind, all modifications that arise in the minds of all are presented to the one common consciousness which is the witness of the mental Vrittis. Even though consciousness is one, when Rama is stung by a scorpion, only Rama feels and not his friend Krishna who is standing near him. Antahkarana or mind is different in every individual. It is Antahkarana that limits a man who is, in reality, identical with the Brahman or Supreme Soul! This identity is realised when the Avarana or veil of ignorance is removed.
The mind is an object of perception for Brahman. Atman directly cognises all the phenomena of the mind, viz., desire, imagination, doubt, belief, disbelief, shame, intelligence, fear, etc. He remains Himself quite unattached and unaffected like the omnipresent ether, like the crystal which reflects different coloured objects, like the sun.
Atman-the Source For The Mind
Manas, which expands through Sankalpas and Vikalpas, is generated with Brahman as its cause. The form which the endless Atman (Supreme Spirit) assumes through Sankalpa is Manas (mind). It first turned its back to discrimination and hence entangled itself in the folds of Vasanas of objects. The underlying substratum, Adhishthana of the mind, the source or basis for mind is Atman or Brahman or Absolute Conscious- ness. The Power of powers who gives power to the mind, the Light of lights who sheds light on the mind, the Seer of seers who witnesses the motives of and movements in the mind, the Support of supports on which the mind rests in sleep is BRAHMAN.
"Om Keneshitam Patati Preshitam Manah-Willed and directed by whom does the mind go towards its desired objects?" (Kenopanishad). To that Power of powers I bow with folded hands. That Power of powers I am (Soham, Sivoham).
That Secondless Supreme Being who resides in the chambers of your hearts as Antaryamin or Inner Ruler or Controller or Sutradhara or Sakshi (silent Witness), Antaratman (Inner Self), who has no beginning, middle or end, who is the source of this world, the Vedas, body, mind, Indriyas and Prana, who is all-pervading, who is unchanging, who is One Homogeneous Essence (Ekarasa), who exists in the past, present and future, who is self-existent (Svayambhu), who is independent (Svatantra) and who is self-luminous (Svayam- jyotis) is God or Atman or Brahman or Purusha or Chaitanya or Bhagavan or Purushottama.
During dream, you are splendid, effulgent light. Where does it come from? From Atman. The light that is present in the dream clearly indicates that Atman is self-luminous (Svayamjyotis, Svaprakasha).
God is Truth. God is Love. God is Light of lights. God is Peace. God is Knowledge. God is the embodiment of Bliss. God is Sat-Chit-Ananda-Existence Absolute, Knowledge Absolute and Bliss Absolute. God is Eternity. God is Immortality. God is Infinity. God is Avinasi, Supreme Vastu. God is All-pervading Essence or Substance. God is the only Sara Vastu. God is Infinite Beauty.
Bhagavan is a synonymous term for God. He who has the six attributes, viz., Jnana (wisdom), Vairagya (dispassion), Yasas (fame), Aisvarya (divine powers), Sri (wealth) and Dharma (righteousness) in their fullest measure is Bhagavan.
According to Vayu Purana, "Omniscience, satisfaction, eternal knowledge, independence, constant presence of power, infinity of power-these six are said to be the aspects (Angas) of the Great Lord."
Sarvajnatva (omniscience, knowledge of all the worlds, their Jivas and their Karmas), Sarvesvaratva (supreme rulership of all, the power of dispensing the fruits of all Jivas), Sarvantaryamitva (inner control of all names and forms and all Indriyas and minds), Sarvakaranatva (causality for the creation, preservation and destruction of all), Sarvaniyantritva (doing everything without failure of Niyama), Sarvakartritva (the doing of all actions), Sarvasaktimatva (omnipotence), Svatantratva (absolute independence) are the eight attributes of God.
"Knowledge, desireless, power of control, purificatory action, truth, forgiveness, endurance, creation, the Knowledge of the Self, and being the substratum of all activities-these ten unchangeable (Avyaya) qualities always live in the Great Source of all Good."
Srishti (creation), Sthiti (preservation), Samhara (destruction), Tirodhana (veiling) and Anugraha (blessing) are the five kinds of action (Panchakrityas) of God.
God is the Niyamaka (ruler), Antaryamin (knower of the heart) and Preraka (prompter) also. He helps the Sadhakas in a variety of ways, viz., through dreams, the Inner Voice, by talking through the mouths of others in daily conversations and advice from friends.
Nitya Sukha (eternal bliss), Parama Santi (supreme peace), Nitya Tripti (eternal satisfaction), infinite happiness, Akhanda Sukha (unbroken joy) can be had only in God. Attain this God-consciousness or Self-realisation or Darshana of God through Ananya Bhakti or Vichara. This is the goal of life. This is your highest duty. All other duties are secondary.
The essence of Indriyas is the mind; the essence of mind is Buddhi; the essence of Buddhi is Ahankara; the essence of Ahankara is Jiva (the individual soul). Brahman or Suddha Chaitanya is the womb or Yoni or Adhishthana or substratum for everything. He is the Sakshi or witness of everything.
Atman is the proprietor of a big firm, this mental factory. Buddhi is the manager. Mind is the head clerk. The head clerk has got two functions to perform. He gets direct orders from the manager and he has to supervise the workmen also. Even so, the mind has got two functions. It has connections with the Buddhi, the manager and Karma-Indriyas, the workers.
Mind is more internal than speech. Buddhi (intellect) is more internal than the mind. Ahankara is more internal than Buddhi. Jiva Chaitanya (Abhasa, reflected intelligence) is more internal than Ahankara. Atman or Kutastha is more internal than the Jiva Chaitanya. There is nothing internal to Atman. It is Paripurna (All-Full).
When, by analysing your own mind, you come face to face with something which is never destroyed, something which is by its own nature eternally pure, perfect, self-luminous and unchanging, you will no longer be miserable, no more unhappy.
One Essence only exists. It is One without a second (Ekameva Advitiyam Brahma). It is Ananta, spotless, ever pure and Paripurna. Meditate upon It without fluctuation of mind and free yourself from all pains with true calmness of mind. Being quite unreal, Ahankara will perish through efforts.
Proof For The Existence Of Mind
What is the nature of the Atman or Brahman? It is Sat-Chit-Ananda. Atman is Vyapaka. Then, what is it that limits the individual soul's vision? It is only mind. This fact proves the existence of an internal instrument, the mind.
In the commentary on the Brihadaranyaka, Sri Sankara gives two proofs of the existence of Manas.
One is that it is Manas which renders all knowledge through senses possible. It is called Sarva Karma Vishaya Yoga. Sense-knowledge is the product of the connection between the mind and the sensory organs. That is why there is no simultaneity of the knowledge of the impressions received through the various sensory organs. People say, "My mind was elsewhere. I did not see that." The impossibility of this simultaneity of knowledge through various sensory organs is an indication of the existence of the mind.
The soul is a constant factor. Between the Atman and the organs of senses, a connecting link is necessary. We have to acknowledge the existence of an internal organ (Mind), through whose attention and non-attention, perception takes place. If we do not admit the internal organ, there would result either perpetual perception or perpetual non-perception-the former when there is a conjunction of Atman, the sense (Indriya) and the object (Vishaya), the three constituting the instruments of perception. If, on the conjunction of these three causes, the effect did not follow, there would take place perpetual non-perception. But, neither is the case. We have, therefore, to acknowledge the existence of an internal organ on whose attention (Avadhana) and non-attention (Anavadhana) perception and non-perception take place. This is the argument for the existence of Antahkarana or mind.
The other proof is the capacity for judgment which we possess. Somebody whom we cannot see touches us; and, we infer the person. Now, mere touch cannot make us aware of this fact. The faculty by which we make such an inference is Manas.
Special Knowledge That Differentiates
Man From Animal
An animal is not able to "know itself." It has only physical consciousness. It has no self-consciousness. An animal feels the discomfort and pain. It is not able to analyse its own mental states. A man not only "knows", but he "knows that he knows." This is either mental consciousness or self-consciousness. The man not only "feels" or "senses" things, but he has words to express his feelings and sensations. He can vividly describe his feelings. He may think of himself as experiencing them. He can separate himself from the sensation of feeling. He is able to think, "I feel; I hear; I see; I smell; I taste; I desire; I act; I enjoy,"
"I know this book." "I know also that I know this book." This is self-consciousness peculiar to human beings only.
In the Police Station, the Chaprasi (peon) strikes ten at the gate. The sound vibrates
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، می توانید از صفت کیوت استفاده کنید.
کیوت ترین حیوانات دنیا
اگر جزو افرادی هستید که حیوانات کیوت و بانمک را دوست دارید، در این قسمت با شما هستیم تا کیوت ترین حیوانات دنیا را به شما معرفی کنیم.
- پاندای قرمز
- دم عصایی یا میرکت
- کوئوکا
- روباه صحرا
- صخره پر
- مارگاری (نوعی گربه وحشی زیبا)
چه زمانی نباید از کلمه کیوت استفاده کنیم؟
در بعضی مواقع به کار بردن صفت کیوت برای یک شی یا شخص جالب نیست. برای مثال زمانی که در یک سمینار رسمی شرکت می کنید و قصد دارید از سخنران تعریف یا تمجید کنید به ویژه اگر شما خانم هستید و سخنران آقا و بالعکس، در این هنگام نمی شود به او یادآور شوید که چه سخنرانی کیوتی داشتید. پیشنهاد می کنیم به جای این صفت از کلمات دیگری مانند فوقالعاده، پرمحتوا، پربار، تحسین برانگیز و … استفاده کنید. بنابراین همانگونه که متوجه شده اید استفاده از کیوت در گفتگوهای رسمی، چندان جالب به نظر نمی رسد.
جمع بندی
احتمالا اخیرا با جمله خیلی کیوت هستی از طرف جوانان و نوجوانان مواجه شده اید. صفت کیوت که واژه ای انگلیسی است به تازگی به زبان فارسی راه یافته است. این روزها بسیاری از نوجوانان و جوانان از این صفت در زبان گفتاری و محاوره استفاده می کنند. این صفت ویژگی افراد جذاب، بامزه و دوست داشتنی را بیان می کند البته این ویژگی در مورد حیوانات نیز صدق می کند. ما در این مقاله از کارمادیو سوال شما که کیوت به چه معناست و کاربرد آن در کجاست؟ پاسخ دادیم، امید است که با مطالعه این مقاله به راحتی متوجه جواب این سوال شده باشید.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>As I mentioned in the last post, I think a good deal of opposition, to evolutionary theory in general and evolutionary theory when directed towards psychology specifically, is due to a certain fear of moral exculpation, with other concerns about evidence or method being post-hoc rationalizations for that unease. For some, the human mind is somehow different, escaping either the need for an evolutionary analysis or the ability to be explained by one. There are those, like Rene Descartes, who think that the human mind – or at least parts of it – is not even a physical thing to begin with, but rather some immaterial essence.
Today, I’ll talk about this man’s balls.
If Rene was anything like the average man alive today, his balls probably weighed between 40 to 50 grams, accounting for about 0.08% of his total – and very material – body’s mass (Smith, 1984; Dixson, 2009). For the percentage of you who aren’t either still giggling at the thought of balls (which accounts for roughly 100% of the men reading this) or questioning my sexuality, you might be curious why normal people would care about the size of balls in the first place.
To sate that curiosity of balls, there are many more balls to consider, but let’s just stick to two groups: the balls of some of our close evolutionary relatives, the chimpanzee and and gorilla.
The chimp’s balls weigh in at an impressive 120-150 grams, whereas the gorilla’s come in at a combine 30ish. While the chimp may out-ball the gorilla by 4 or 5 times, that difference is actual an underestimate, as the gorillas are far larger in overall body size. When we adjust for the differences in body size, the gorilla’s balls account for a mere 0.031% of their body weight, whereas the chimp’s balls account for about 0.3% of their body weight. Pound for pound, chimps have about 10 times as much in their sack as gorillas.
So where does all this talk of balls leave us? It helps to know one last fact: the size of the testes, relative to the body, correlates to patterns of mating – not to their ability to kickass, as many men seem to think. When the sperm from more than one male are in contest to fertilize the same egg(s), we, in the creative names department, call it sperm competition. The gorillas, with their tiny ball-to-body size, face almost no sperm competition; they typically mate in a polygynous fashion, where one dominant male has uncontested sexual access to a harem of females. Chimps, on the other hand, live in multi-male/multi-female groups and, while the females are certainly not without preference, they mate in a far more promiscuous fashion.
What about humans? We’re certainly less ballsier than chimps – by about 400% – but definitely ballsier than gorillas – by about 300%, which tells us our species has probably faced some degree of sperm competition over our evolutionary history, milder than chimps but more intense than gorillas. Knowing these facts help guide us towards some potential conclusions about the human mind, bringing us nicely back to Descartes.
Rather than viewing the body and mind as two distinct pieces, the body can help inform us as to the psychology of the species; our bodies (and minds) are kind of like time capsules of evolutionary pressures. Without females historically mating with more than one male within her fertile window, or without males forcing copulation, there would be no potential for sperm competition. Of course, without females desiring to mate with more than one male and/or males desiring to mate irrespective of the female’s wishes, no selection pressure would exist either.
Which reminds me how one of my professors – at the graduate level, no less – was trying to account for sex differences in behavior by simply appealing to body size differences between men and women, rather than differing psychologies. What he appeared to forget is that those body size differences require an explanation in the first place, and that explanation will ultimately returns to differences in psychology. Having the tools available without the will or knowledge to use them isn’t much better than not having the tool at all, and vice versa.
(For those interested folk who like looking at naked organs, I’m told this is a comparison between a chimp’s balls and brains)
References: Dixson, A.F. (2009). Sexual Selection and the Origins of Human Mating Systems. New York, NY: Oxford University Press
Smith, R.L. (1984) Sperm Competition and the Evolution of Animal Mating Systems, New York, NY: Academic Press.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>SAÇ, ÇİVİ VE CİLT İÇİN İYİ
Brezilya fıstığı yağının da cildiniz ve saçınız için birçok faydası vardır. Babassu ve cupuaçu gibi Brezilya fıstığı yağı da mükemmel bir doğal cilt nemlendiricisidir ve vücudunuzun her yerinde kullanılabilir. Zengin mineral ve vitamin içeriği kuru veya hasarlı cildi iyileştirmek için idealdir. Brezilya fıstığı yağı cilt bakım ürünlerinde bir bileşen olarak kullanıldığında cildi nemlendirir ve gençleştirici özellikleri nedeniyle Brezilya fıstığı yağı cildi dolgunlaştıran ve ince çizgilerin ve yaşlanmanın görünümünü azaltan etkili bir kırışıklık önleyici tedavidir.
- Cilde sağlıklı bir parlaklık verir.
- Erken yaşlanmayı önlemek için cilt elastikiyetini artırır.
- Cilt hücrelerinden serbest radikalleri yok eder, kırışıklıkları ve cilt kanserini önler.
- Egzama ve sedef hastalığı gibi durumların yanı sıra kuruluğu önlemek için mükemmel bir yumuşatıcıdır.
- Cildi zararlı UV ışınlarından korur.
- Hücresel onarım ve büyümeyi destekler.
- Saçları sağlıklı, parlak ve kırılmaya daha az eğilimli hale getirmek için omega 3’ler, E Vitamini ve selenyum açısından zengindir.
Brezilya fıstığı yağının cilt bakımı ve saç tedavisi için kullanımı oldukça etkilidir. İşte cilt ve saç bakım ürünlerine dahil olmasının sebeplerinden bazıları:
- Hem cilt hem de saç için güçlü bir nemlendirici.
- Kuru veya hasarlı cildi tedavi eder.
- Yaşlanma görünümünü azaltır.
- Akneye karşı korur veya görünümünü azaltır.
- Kuru, kırılgan veya hasar görmüş saçları tedavi eder.
- Saçın sağlıklı büyümesini destekler ve doğal olarak testosteron seviyelerini etkileyen alopesi veya erkek kelliğini tedavi etmeye yardımcı olur.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>小智 (动画)
|这篇角色相关的文章属于半成品，目前尚未完成。你可以帮助我们 。|
小智出身自关都地区的真新镇，最初在EP001中登场。准备旅行时，由于迟到没能得到梦寐以求的 №004 小火龙、 №001 妙蛙种子与 №007 杰尼龟其一，大木博士送给他了一只不愿进入精灵球的调皮的 №025 皮卡丘。在旅途中，通过伙伴和精灵们的帮助，小智逐渐成长（虽然变化不大），不断磨练自己，挑战道馆，战胜困难前往下一个城镇，最终获得石英大会的参赛权。虽然取得了16强的好成绩，但小智并未就此满足。他继续前往新的地区旅行，与新的精灵宝可梦邂逅，与新的伙伴们并肩作战、共同朝自己的目标前进，接受新的挑战。
- 姓名来源：名字来源于精灵宝可梦的创作者田尻智，英文名Ash 来源于小智日文名的假名形势Satoshi，把stoi这四个字母去掉，留下的就是Ash 。姓氏“Ketchum”来源于“Catch 'em”（Catch them，美版动画中口号为“Gotta Catch 'em All!”相当于“我得到精灵宝可梦了！”）连起来读就是“Ketchum”。
- 身份：宝可梦训练家、石英大会16强、橘子联盟胜利者杯南十字星荣誉训练家、白银大会8强、彩幽大会8强、对战开拓区制霸。
- 兴趣：宝可梦、宝可梦对战、小刚与妈妈的料理、理想是成为宝可梦大师。
- 特征：脸颊上的“闪电”、左右爆炸式的发型、爱情细胞贫乏、宝可梦对战狂。
- AG官方人设害怕的东西：鬼怪
- 擅长的事：滑草，抗电
- 不擅长的事：猜谜
- 徽章数量：关都8枚、橘子群岛4枚、城都8枚、丰缘8枚、对战开拓区7枚、神奥8枚、合众8枚。
小智的宝可梦
- №025 皮卡丘小智最初的伙伴，具有顽强的性格，不愿意进入精灵球也不愿进化，起初与小智并不友好，在与烈雀的战斗中和小智建立了坚不可摧的友情。最初在EP001中出现。
- №001 妙蛙种子小智在EP010中得到的宝可梦，是继 №025 皮卡丘后在小智手上最久的宝可梦。在不思议花园中，拒绝了进化。在EP226中， №001 妙蛙种子回到了真新镇成为维持周边宝可梦和谐相处的守护者。之后更曾参加城都联盟和对战开拓区的比赛。不论是对战还是关系交往都非常有经验。
- №099 巨钳蟹小智在EP013收服的第七只精灵宝可梦，一收服就被传送回大木博士研究所，个头要比小茂的 №098 大钳蟹小得多。在EP076中因打倒多武的 №103 椰蛋树太兴奋进化成为 №099 巨钳蟹。
- №089 臭臭泥在EP030之前是破坏发电厂的臭泥首领。小智收服它后，经常和大木博士及其他人黏在一起。喜欢压住其他人和精灵宝可梦。参加过石英联盟、城都联盟的比赛。
- №143 卡比兽小智在EP095中收服的大胃王，非常特别，是一只懂得游泳而且速度亦比同类快的 №143 卡比兽。在橘子联盟决赛之前， №143 卡比兽一睡不起，结果小智将它跟一只 №128 肯泰罗交换，往后就留在了大木研究所。后来它参加过城都地区的精灵宝可梦相扑大会，并获得优胜，结果一下子吃光了奖品一年的食物。后来 №143 卡比兽还参加过城都联盟道馆比赛及白银大会、挑战对战开拓区的比赛和神奥联盟比赛。
- №214 赫拉克罗斯小智在EP120收服的精灵宝可梦，小霞唯一不讨厌的虫宝可梦，喜欢吸食树枝和 №001 妙蛙种子身上树汁，多次参加道馆赛和联盟比赛，之后在EP147中因为小智要参加 №128 肯泰罗对打大赛而被传送回大木博士研究所中。后来还参加对战开拓区的比赛和神奥联盟比赛。
- №153 月桂叶在EP127小智收服的宝可梦，它特别喜欢小智，并妒忌 №025 皮卡丘总是能够生活在精灵球以外。在EP200中逃脱火箭队后进化成了 №153 月桂叶。在前往丰缘时小智将 №153 月桂叶留在了大木研究所，成为了小健的得力助手。
- №156 火岩鼠在EP142中与一名训练家比赛后，被小智收服。刚开始的时候， №155 火球鼠的火焰技能锻炼地并不好。在前往丰缘时小智将它留在了大木研究所。在DP182小智的宝可梦大集合一集中，面临被火箭队捕捉危险时，进化成 №156 火岩鼠。进化后在神奥联盟也有出场。
- №158 小锯鳄在EP152中，小智与小霞同时扔出了诱饵球收服了一只 №158 小锯鳄，小智通过精灵宝可梦战斗战胜小霞得到了 №158 小锯鳄。它十分喜欢跳舞，而且他的跳舞有助于战斗。在前往丰缘时小智将它留在了大木研究所。
- №232 顿甲在EP229的宝可梦劲速赛获得优胜后，小智得到了 №231 小小象的蛋，它十分喜欢玩耍。前往丰缘地方时，小智将它留在了大木博士的研究所。在对战开拓区的旅行中， №231 小小象又回到了小智的队伍。AG153中为了从火箭队手里救出 №025 皮卡丘进化成为 №232 顿甲，在前往神奥地区时小智再度将它留在了大木研究所。 后亦参加了神奥联盟。
- №277 大王燕原先是 №276 傲骨燕群的首领，非常有骨气，与小智的性格很呼应。AG004中偷走小智一行人的食物并与小智战斗，最终被小智收服。在AG080的神奇圆环比赛中进化成 №277 大王燕并取得优胜，在丰缘大赛中表现出色，在前往神奥地区时小智将它留在了大木研究所，神奥联盟当中也有出场。
- №254 蜥蜴王原先是巨大树上生活的一群 №252 木守宫之一，AG007中小智与它一同保护巨大树并与它战斗，后来将它收服。它有些叛逆，且总是嘴里叼着一个树枝。在AG066与吼爆弹的战斗中它进化成为 №253 森林蜥蜴。进化后它喜欢独自静静地坐在一个地方。AG161中保护喜爱的 №154 大菊花时进化成为 №254 蜥蜴王，而后丧失了一切技能。在恢复后， №254 蜥蜴王变得十分强大，在前往神奥小智将它留在大木研究所。DP189再次登场，打败了强敌的 №491 达克莱伊。
- №324 煤炭龟在AG058中，煤炭龟被一群钢系精灵宝可梦袭击，小智指导他打败了大钢蛇。煤炭龟无论是高兴还是悲伤总喜欢大哭。在AG132中小智将它留在大木博士的研究所。对战金字塔时和神奥联盟也出场过。神奥联盟半决赛时再次登场对战达克莱伊。
- №362 冰鬼护在AG108中，伊扎贝岛的一只雪童子偷走了小智的徽章盒，在暴风雪中小智拼命保护雪童子，后来加入了小智的队伍。小智不断训练它急冻光线，在AG122的一次训练成功后，它进化成为冰鬼护。在AG132中，小智将它留在大木博士的研究所。
- №398 姆克鹰在DP002中首度出现，在寻找皮卡丘的时候，长尾怪手意外伤害了一只姆克儿，因此愤怒的姆克儿袭击了长尾怪手。被小智收服后，它也加入了寻找皮卡丘的行列。 DP013中，姆克儿保护了森林中的
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1848: voters could hand-write the name of their preferred candidate on their ballot at home (the only condition was to write on white paper) or receive one distributed on the street. The ballot was folded in order to prevent other people from reading its contents.
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte attempted to abolish the secret ballot for the 1851 plebiscite with an electoral decree requesting electors to write down "yes" or "no" (in French: "oui" or "non") under the eyes of everyone. But he faced strong opposition and finally changed his mind, allowing secret ballot to take place.
The demand for a secret ballot was one of the six points of Chartism. The British parliament of the time refused even to consider the Chartist demands, but it is notable that Lord Macaulay, in his speech of 1842, while rejecting Chartism's six points as a whole, admitted that the secret ballot was one of the two points he could support.
The London School Board election of 1870 was the first large-scale election by secret ballot in Britain.
After several failed attempts (several of them spearheaded by George Grote), the secret ballot was eventually extended generally in the Ballot Act 1872, substantially reducing the cost of campaigning (as treating was no longer realistically possible) and was first used on 15 August 1872 to re-elect Hugh Childers as MP for Pontefract in a ministerial by-election following his appointment as Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. The original ballot box, sealed in wax with a liquorice stamp, is held at Pontefract museum.
However, the use of numbered ballots makes it possible in theory if given access to the relevant documents, to identify which candidate voters voted for. Meaning voting in the UK is not physically secret only in so much as the law says the information should not be accessed.
Australia and New Zealand
In Australia, secret balloting appears to have been first implemented in Tasmania on 7 February 1856.
Until the original Tasmanian Electoral Act 1856 was "re-discovered" recently, credit for the first implementation of the secret ballot often went to Victoria, where it was pioneered by the former mayor of Melbourne, William Nicholson, and simultaneously South Australia. Victoria enacted legislation for secret ballots on 19 March 1856, and South Australian Electoral Commissioner William Boothby generally gets credit for creating the system finally enacted into law in South Australia on 2 April of that same year (a fortnight later). The other Australian colonies followed: New South Wales (1858), Queensland (1859), and Western Australia (1877). New Zealand implemented secret voting in 1870.
State electoral laws, including the secret ballot, applied for the first election of the Australian Parliament in 1901, and the system has continued to be a feature of federal elections and referenda. The Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 does not explicitly set out the secret ballot but a reading of sections 206, 207, 325, 327 of the Act would imply its assumption. Sections 323 and 226(4) do however, apply the principle of a secret ballot to polling staff and would also support the assumption.
Before 1890, partisan newspapers printed filled-out ballots which party workers distributed on election day so voters could drop them directly into the boxes. All of the states replaced these with secret ballots around 1890, popularly called "Australian ballots." They were printed by the local government and listed all the candidates impartially.
The "Australian ballot" is defined as having four parts:
- an official ballot being printed at public expense,
- on which the names of the nominated candidates of all parties and all proposals appear,
- being distributed only at the polling place and
- being marked in secret.
In the United States, most states had moved to secret ballots soon after the presidential election of 1884. Kentucky was the last state to do so in 1891, when it quit using an oral ballot. But seven states did not have government-printed ballots until the 20th century; South Carolina created them in 1950 and Georgia in 1922.
The first city to start using the Australian ballot in the United States was Louisville, Kentucky, using a ballot drafted by Lewis Naphtali Dembitz, the uncle of and inspiration for future Supreme Court associate justice Louis Brandeis, and the first state to adopt the Australian ballot was Massachusetts. For this reason it is also known as the "Massachusetts ballot". In the U.S., voting by secret ballot was universal by 1892 but criminal prohibitions against paying people to vote were only instituted in 1925.
Elections in the United States are mostly held by secret ballot, although some states use mail ballots instead, which violate requirements 3 and 4 of the "Australian ballot", as it is distributed to the home, and potentially marked in the presence of other people. The states of Colorado, Oregon, and Washington conduct all elections by mailed ballots. The Constitution for the state of West Virginia still allows voters to cast "open ballots".
The right to hold elections by secret ballot is included in numerous treaties and international agreements that obligate their signatory states:
- Article 21.3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states, "The will of the people...shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which...shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures."
- Article 23 of the American Convention on Human Rights (the Pact of San Jose, Costa Rica) grants to every citizen of member states of the Organization of American States the right and opportunity "to vote and to be elected in genuine periodic elections, which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and by secret ballot that guarantees the free expression of the will of the voters".
- Paragraph 7.4 of the Document of the Copenhagen Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of the CSCE, obligates the member states of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe to "ensure that votes are cast by secret ballot or by equivalent free voting procedure, and that they are counted and reported honestly with the official results made public."
- Article 5 of the Convention on the Standards of Democratic Elections, Electoral Rights and Freedoms in the Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States obligates electoral bodies not to perform "any action violating the principle of voter's secret will expression."
Ballot design and polling place architecture often denies the disabled the possibility to cast a vote in secret. In many democracies disabled persons may vote by appointing another person who is allowed to join them in the voting booth and fill the ballot in their name. This does not assure secrecy of the ballot.
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities which entered into force in 2008 assures secret ballot for disabled voters. Article 29 of the Convention requires that all Contracting States protect "the right of the person with disabilities to vote by secret ballot in elections and public referendums". According to this provision, each Contracting State should provide for voting equipment which would enable disabled voters to vote independently and secretly. Some democracies, e.g. the United States, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Albania or India allow disabled voters to use electronic voting machines. In others, among them Azerbaijan, Canada, Ghana, the United Kingdom, and most African and Asian countries, visually impaired voters can use ballots in Braille or paper ballot templates. Article 29 also requires that Contracting States ensure "that voting procedures, facilities and materials are appropriate, accessible and easy to understand and use." In some democracies, e.g. United Kingdom, Sweden and the United States, all the polling places already are fully accessible for disabled voters.
Secrecy vs. reliability
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The United Kingdom secret ballot arrangements are sometimes criticised because it is possible to link a ballot paper to the voter who cast it. Each ballot paper is individually numbered and each elector also has a number. When an elector is given a ballot paper, their number is noted down on the counterfoil of the ballot paper (which also carries the ballot paper number). This means, of course, that the secrecy of the ballot is not guaranteed, if anyone can gain access to the counterfoils, which are locked away securely before the ballot boxes are opened at the count. Polling station officials colluding with election scrutineers may therefore determine how individual electors have voted.
This measure is thought to be justified as a security arrangement so that if there was an allegation of fraud, false ballot papers could be identified. The process of matching ballot papers to voters is formally permissible only if an Election Court requires it; in fact the Election Court has never made such an order since the secret ballot was introduced in 1872, although reportedly prisoners in a UK prison were observed identifying voters' ballot votes on a list in 2008. The legal authority for this system is set out in the Parliamentary Elections Rules in Schedule 1 of the Representation of the People Act 1983.
In the United States, sometimes the number on the ballot is printed on a perforated stub which is torn off and placed on a ring (like a shower curtain ring) before the ballot is cast into the ballot box. The stubs prove that an elector has voted and ensure that they can only vote once, but the ballots themselves are both secret and anonymous. At the end of voting day, the number of ballots inside the box should match the number of stubs on the ring, certifying that every ballot was cast by a registered elector, and that none of them were lost or fabricated. Sometimes the ballots themselves are numbered, making the vote trackable. In 2012, this procedure was ruled legal by Federal District Judge Christine Arguello in Colorado, who determined that the U.S. Constitution does not grant a right to a secret ballot.
Some people believe that the secret ballot enables election fraud and so should be eliminated or supplemented with other ways of verifying voting, such as cryptographically secure receipts.
Chronology of introduction
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|1831||France||Systems prior to 1856 (including those in France, the Netherlands, and Colombia), "merely required ballots to be marked in polling booths and deposited into ballot boxes, which permitted non-uniform ballots, including ballots of different colours and sizes, that could be easily identified as party tickets."|
|1856 (February 7)||Australia (Tasmania)||The other Australian colonies of Victoria (March 19, 1856), South Australia (April 2, 1856), New South Wales (1858), Queensland (1859), and Western Australia (1877) followed.|
|1866||Sweden||Voter currently chooses party-specific ballot in the open, which has been criticised for limiting the secrecy. There is, however, the possibility to choose a blank ballot or a multitude of ballots to denote a specific party and candidate in secrecy.European Commission for democracy through law (Venice Commission) “Voters are entitled to [secrecy of ballot], but must also respect it themselves, and non-compliance must be punished by disqualifying any ballot paper whose content has been disclosed […] Violation of the secrecy of the ballot must be punished, just like violations of other aspects of voter freedom.” (Code of good practice in electoral matters, art. 52, 55|
|1867||Germany||North German federal election, August 1867, see also Frankfurter Reichswahlgesetz 1849|
|1872||United Kingdom||Ballot Act 1872|
|1891||United States of America||Massachusetts was the first state to adopt a secret ballot, in 1888, and South Carolina was the last to do so, in 1950.|
|1901||Denmark||In connection with The Shift of Government (Danish: Systemskiftet)|
|1903||Iceland||Originally passed by the Icelandic parliament in 1902, but the legislation was rejected by King Christian IX for technical reasons unrelated to ballot secrecy. Passed into law 1903.|
|1912||Argentina||Sáenz Peña Law|
- Saalfeld, Thomas. 1995. On Dogs and Whips: Recorded Votes. In: Herbert Döring. Parliaments and Majority Rule in Western Europe. New York : St. Martin's Press, 1995. Page 531
- Tabellariae Leges. William Smith, D.C.L., LL.D.: A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, John Murray, London, 1875.
- Full text of the Constitution of the Year III on Wikisource (in French)
- Article 24. — Le suffrage est direct et universel. Le scrutin est secret. s:fr:Constitution du 4 novembre 1848
- Pour être recevable, chaque vote doit être inscrit sur un papier blanc : fr:Élection présidentielle française de 1848
- See the picture captioned Distribution des bulletins d'élections dans les rues. L'Illustration du 23 septembre 1848 on Assemblée Nationale website
- Karl Marx The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon : For the bourgeois and the shopkeeper had learned that in one of his decrees of December 2 Bonaparte had abolished the secret ballot and had ordered them to put a "yes" or "no" after their names on the official registers. The resistance of December 4 intimidated Bonaparte. During the night he had placards posted on all the street corners of Paris announcing the restoration of the secret ballot. Full text (chapter VII)
- Nationale, Assemblée. "Le suffrage universel - Histoire - Assemblée nationale". www.assemblee-nationale.fr. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
- In the words of the petition that was published in 1838:
- Kinzer, Bruce (2004), "George Grote, the Philosophical Radical and Politician", Brill's Companion to George Grote and the Classical Tradition, London: Brill, pp. 16–45
- "BBC - A History of the World - Object : Pontefract's secret ballot box, 1872". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
- Blainey, G 2016, ‘’The story of Australia’s people: the rise and rise of a new Australia’’, Viking, Penguin Random House, Ringwood, Victoria, Australia, p.18.
- Terry Newman, "Tasmania and the Secret Ballot" (PDF). (144 KiB) (2003), 49(1) Aust J Pol & Hist 93, accessed May 20, 2015
- "Documenting Democracy". foundingdocs.gov.au. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
- Eldon Cobb Evans, A History of the Australian Ballot System in the United States# (1917) online.
- Webster's Seventh New Colligiate Dictionary. Springfield, Massachusetts: G&C Merriam Company. 1967. p. 59.
- See 1922 Georgia session laws, chapter 530, p. 100.
- "18 U.S. Code § 597 - Expenditures to influence voting". LII / Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
- The party nominating caucuses in some U.S. states (most significantly the leadoff Presidential nominating state of Iowa) still require an open casting of ballots.
- Washington Secretary of State. "Vote by Mail in Washington State". State of Washington. Retrieved 27 April 2014.
- See W. Va. Const. Art. IV, §2, "In all elections by the people, the mode of voting shall be by ballot; but the voter shall be left free to vote by either open, sealed or secret ballot, as he may elect.".
- "Universal Declaration of Human Rights". www.un.org. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
- American Convention on Human Rights, "Pact of San Jose", Costa Rica, Organization of American States, Nov. 22, 1969.
- Document of the Copenhagen Meeting of the Conference on the Human Dimension of the CSCE, Copenhagen, June 29, 1990.
- Convention on the Stnadards of Democratic Elections, Electoral Rights and Freedoms in the Member States of the Commonwealth of Independent States, Oct. 7, 2002, Chisinau. Unofficial English translation provided by the European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission), Jan. 22, 2007.
- Mercurio, Bryan (2003). "Discrimination in Electoral Law". Alternative Law Journal. 28: 272–276.
- "What happens to the voting slips used in British elections after they have been counted? - The Guardian".
- "Factsheet: Ballot secrecy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-12-09. (48 KiB) (2006), Electoral Commission of the United Kingdom
- "Federal judge says no constitutional right to secret ballot in Boulder case". 21 September 2012. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
- Lynne Landes. "Scrap the "secret" ballot - return to open voting".
- "Evolving Meaning of the Secret Ballot".
- Todd Davies. "Consequences of the Secret Ballot" (PDF). Symbolic Systems Program, Stanford University.
- Ben Smyth, A foundation for secret, verifiable elections, IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive, 2018
- Radio, Sveriges. "Inget ökat skydd av valhemligheten 2018 - Nyheter (Ekot)". Retrieved 24 March 2018.
- Mackie, Thomas T. and Rose, Richard; The International Almanac of Electoral History ; p. 421 ISBN 1349098515
- Goldstein, Robert J.; Political Repression in 19th-Century Europe; p. 15 ISBN 0389204196
- "国立国会図書館デジタルコレクション - 法令全書. 明治３３年". kindai.ndl.go.jp. Retrieved 24 March 2018.
- Elklit, Jørgen (1988). Fra åben til hemmelig afstemning. Århus, Denmark: Politica. pp. 299 ff.
- Stjórnartíðindi [Legal Gazette] (in Icelandic). Icelandic Government. 1902. pp. 273–275.
- Alþingistíðindi [Parliamentary Gazette] (in Icelandic). Alþingi. 1903. pp. 120–133.
|Wikisource has original text related to this article:|
- A little bit of revision: Tasmania adopts the ballot in 1856
- Death of the secret ballot
- The Guardian, "What happens to the voting slips used in British elections after they have been counted?"
- The Secret Ballot Comes To Utah (1878)
- Celebrating the 150th anniversary of the Australian ballot
- Secrecy of the Vote, article from the ACE Project
- A handbook of electoral system Design from International IDEA
- Decing - Simple Web 2.0 online service for quick decision making via Secret Ballot for small teams.
- Philip Pettit & Geoffrey Brennan, "Unveiling the Vote" British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 20, pp. 311-33<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>被废弃的建筑，被废弃
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to be monitored and if possible, specific legislations will need to be in place to safeguard this beautiful orchid by law.
- A number of slipper orchid populations are within important protected areas, such as Kinabalu Park, Sabah (5 species), Gunung Mulu (two species) and Bako (one species) National Park in Sarawak.
- One mechanism to curtail and monitor the orchid trade of slipper orchid is to have all slipper orchids listed under Appendix I of CITES, which effectively bans all international trade of wild-collected species.
- Nonetheless, a number of Malaysian slipper orchids are currently in cultivation (abroad and locally), and represents an important genetic resource that will ensure the survival of a number of slipper orchids.
Scientific Name: Zingiber spp.Distribution
- The entire ginger family comprises about 1,200 species, of which about 1,000 are found in Asia. The richest area is the Malesian region (Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Singapore, the Philippines and Papua New Guinea).
- There are 8 ginger families -- four of them feature 5 stamens while the rest have one stamen. The species found in Peninsular Malaysia belong to the one-stamen families, namely Costaceae and Zingiberaceae.
- Gingers thrive in a wide range of habitats, ranging from riverine to limestone rocks and from the lowlands to the upper montane regions. But all of them grow best in wet humid conditions.
- Some 20 species have been cultivated for commercial use as spices, condiments, flavours, vegetables (known locally as ulam), medicine, ornamental plants and cut flowers. Both the roots and rhizomes are valued for its aromatic compounds while the flowers are used for ornamentation.
- Varies in height and size, from the gigantic erect leafy shoots of the Alpinieae (kantan or Etlingera elatior) which can grow as high as 8 m to Kaempferia galanga and Camptrandra parvula which are no more than 10 cm tall.
- They are perennial herbs where the rhizome may be short or long, grow below or above ground. Each rhizome, which is usually fleshy, typically turns upwards into an erect leafy shoot, sometimes with buds near its apex forming new rhizomes which behave in the same way.
- Leaves are concentrated in the upper part of the stem, with leaf sheaths that are tubular and closed (opened in the Zingiberaceae species). Flowers appear from a cluster or flowering head on the stem.
- habitat loss
- over collection of rare gingers
- outside of existing protected areas, ex-situ conservation areas (botanic gardens) and private gardens are an important storehouse of the ginger biodiversity.
Scientific Name: Rafflesia spp.
Malay Name: Bunga PadmaDistribution
- Lowland forests in Malaysia. In Sabah and Sarawak, also reported from highland areas
- Seven out of fifteen species worldwide of Rafflesia can be found in Malaysia.
R.cantleyi and R.kerrii are found in Peninsular Malaysia whereas R.arnoldii, R. pricei, R. keithii, R. tuan-mudae and R. tengku-adlinii in Sarawak and Sabah. R.kerrii, R. keithi, R. tuan-mudae and R. tengku-adlinii are endemic to Malaysia.Description
- The world’s largest flower weighing about 9 kg and almost 1 meter wide
- Totally dependent on one particular vine called Tetrastigma (related to the grapevine)
- The Rafflesia is a disembodied flower. A rootless, leafless and stemless parasite, it drains nourishment and gains physical support from its host vine. Its only body outside the flower consists of strands of fungus-like tissue that grow inside the Tetrastigma vine. It first manifests itself as a tiny bud on the vine's stem.
- Over a period of 12 months, it swells to a cabbage-like head that bursts around midnight under the cover of a rainy night to reveal this startling, lurid-red flower. Beauty turns beastly in only a few days. The Rafflesia only flowers for 5 to 6 days, before the petals blacken and the flower withers. The "flowering beast" begins to smell like rotting meat, attracting blue bottle flies for pollination.
- Most species are highly localised and are therefore vulnerable to extinction because of habitat disturbance and host cutting from activities such as land clearing, logging, and ethnobotanical collecting. The first two activities are important in threatening the Bornean species, while in the peninsular over-collecting by local people who sell the buds for medicine is apparently the greatest threat.
- Because of its rarity, knowledge of the biology and ecology of Rafflesia has been slow to accumulate. Even today, little is known about its reproductive biology and distribution, which in itself poses many problems for its conservation.
- As Rafflesia is found in only a handful of localities, its long-term survival is now seriously threatenend by the depletion of the Malaysian rainforest.
- Recent successes from Sabah have indicated that Rafflesia can be artificially grown on host plant!
- Several areas where the Rafflesia spp. are protected includes Kinabalu Park and Crocker Range Park in Sabah and Gunung Gading National Park in Sarawak. To a certain degree, it maybe protected within Taman Negara but the species is certainly found in the Proposed Ulu Muda and Belum Conservation Areas in Peninsular Malaysia.
Scientific Name: Cyathea spp.Distribution
- There are about 700 species of tree ferns, all of which can be categorised into two families: Cyatheaceae and Dicksoniaceae. Malaysia's tree fern species belong to the Cyatheaceae family, of which the C. contaminans, a mountain specie, is the tallest.
- The tree fern can be found at altitudes of up to 1,700m, and also in fairly low altitudes, especially near rivers where shade and plenty of water is available.
- They can often be found in abundance on the edge of forests beside roads, open spaces and regenerated forests.
- They are popular choice in landscaping and gardens because of their tall trunks and attractive collection of large, highly dissected fronds at the top.
- At a quick glance, a tree fern looks like a palm tree, but it is easily distinguished by its large fronds at the top of the trunk, with roots growing out from almost the whole surface of the trunk except the area just below the crown.
- The roots grow in all directions and become entangled with each other to form a very tough fibrous black cover for the trunk, a perfect base for other smaller epiphytic ferns and orchids to grow from.
- Another characteristic feature is the covering of scales on young fronds, when they are coiled up at the top of the trunk.
- Tree ferns have no flowers, and therefore no fruits or seeds. They reproduce via its microscopic spores, which are dispersed by wind. The spores appear on the lower surface of the leaves.
- The tallest specie, C. contaminans, is easily recognised by their glaucous, purplish and thorny stripe bases of the fronds.
- Another species, the Golden Chicken Fern (Cibotium barometz) has a unique feature -- its thick covering of golden hairs. It was once traditionally used to stem bleeding wounds, they are now being collected and sold to tourists as a so-called charm to ward off evil.
- Indiscriminate collection by collectors and dealers in unique-looking plants.
- Loss of habitat caused by development pressure and forest logging activities.
- Placing of all cyathea species on Appendix 1 of the CITIES list to curtail international trade in wild collected species.
- legislate to protect species from local collectors.
- propogate the species by raising them in nurseries. This will take the presure off the wild collection.
Scientific Name: Elephas maximusDistribution and population
- In Borneo, it is largely concentrated in northern Kalimantan and northeast Sabah (particularly the floodplains and tributaries of the Kinabatangan River). About 1,000 to 2,000 individuals are believed to be still roaming these forests.
- In Peninsular Malaysia, they are widely distributed, from Kedah in the north to Johor in the south, and from Selangor in the west to Trengganu in the east. It is estimated that there are about 1,000 elephants left in the Peninsular Malaysia.
- The Asian elephant is the largest forest herbivore in the world. An adult elephant can eat up to 150kg of vegetation in a day.
- It feeds mostly on monocotyledon species of palms, grasses and wild bananas. They also like to frequent salt licks to assuage their mineral requirements.
- Usually travels in small female-dominated groups of about 8, but large groups can sometimes be seen gathering in open feeding grounds, especially along river banks.
- Despite their size and strength, the Asian elephant is actually quite docile and would rather shy away from humans and rarely endanger humans. However some individuals -- especially the bulls -- can be quite dangerous in specific circumstances. It can kill with its tusks, forehead and trunk, and by biting.
- The female adult gives birth to one calf at a time, after a gestation period of 21 to 22 months, and has a long reproductive span. Some cows have been known to have calves even past 60 years.
- Elephants are generally quiet animals but their trumpeting can be heard many kilometers away. They teach their young by example, using a wide variety of vocalisations to communicate mood, intent and desire.
- The primary threat to their continual survival is the rapid loss of habitat, particularly when forests are cleared for agricultural and other development purposes.
- Elephants are sometimes captured and translocated, removing them from their original habitat, to other areas where they may have to compete with resident elephants for resources.
Conservation initiatives will have to:
- Assess the management of land use of areas surrounding remaining habitat forests so that problem areas (such as where it can disturb the elephants' traditional pathways) can be identified and resolved.
- Look into possibilities of providing corridors of secondary forest linking feeding grounds within the Kinabatangan region.
- Employ measures to reduce elephant depredation on agricultural settlements such as relocating them, and the use of ditches, trenches and electric fences.
- Support the gazetting of more wildlife reserves and wildlife sanctuaries such as the proposed Kinabatangan Wildlife Reserve and Endau-Rompin National Park.
Scientific Name: Nasalis larvatus
Malay Name: Monyet Belanda or BangkatanDistribution, habitat and behaviour
- Endemic to Borneo. Can be found along the coastal areas, mangrove swamps and riverine forests of Borneo.
- In 1977, there were about 6,400 of them in Sarawak, but now there are only about 1,000, with perhaps another 2,000 in Sabah and 4,000 in Kalimantan. Some populations along the west coast of Sabah have disappeared entirely.
- The only known reserves to have a sustained and secure proboscis population are Tanjung Puting and possibly Mount Palung National Park in Kalimantan.
- A very bizarre-looking primate, the tree-dwelling proboscis monkey gets its name from its huge pendulous nose. The nose overhangs the mouth and the monkey has to push it aside in order to eat. The female has a shorter and more snubby version.
- They have pot bellies and are very noisy primates with their strange honking sounds.
- Only primate species adapted for swimming with some webbing between its fingers. They are proficient swimmers, moving quietly (so as not to attract its natural predator, the crocodile) using a form of dog paddle, and like to dive off a tree branch high above the water, sometimes with babies clinging to their mothers' fur.
- The male averages 24kg in weight, twice as much as the female. Hence it tends to move more carefully than the females or younger males do.
- Adults have an orangey red coat, greyish on their bottom half, and a long thick white tail. Newborns have deep blue faces with upturned noses, but assume adult colouring when they are about nine months old.
- Lives on a special diet of leaves, flowers and seeds of vegetation found only in riverine, peat swamps and mangrove forests.
- Because it feeds and lives in mangrove and riverine forests, the draining of wetlands and development along riverbanks for agricultural purposes and human settlement are its biggest threat through habitat loss.
- Peat fires.
- Sedimentation of lower river banks that change coastal soil ecology and vegetation.
- Now listed as an endangered species, their long-term survival is dependent on protection given by gazetted parks and wildlife sanctuaries such as the proposed Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, an important wetland in Sabah.
- Enforce protection, institute strict regulations on land use of wetlands and pollution management to minimise environmental damage to the specie's natural habitats.
Scientific Name: Macaca arctoides
Malay Name: Berok kentoi
- Found from southern China across to eastern India and down into the north of Peninsular Malaysia. Now rare in Assam and uncommon all over its range.
- Lives in dense forests and near cultivated land and villages. Fairly terrestrial but spends a great deal of time - including sleeping - in trees for the sake of food and safety.
- Tend to live in groups of up to 50 individuals of both sexes and varying ages, with a single group leader.
- The fur is dark chestnut and shaggy; the face pink or reddish and blotched; the buttocks and genitalia reddish. The forehead is bald. Crown hairs, which radiate from the centre of the crown, are short in front, longer at the back and sides. The tail is stubby. The newborn are creamy white, and reaches sexual maturity at the age of three.
- Head and body length ranges from 55 to 70 cm for males, and from 50 to 70 cm for females. Weight of adults are between 6 to 18 kg.
- Feeds on fruits, berries, leaves, insects and small birds. Feeds immediately upon waking up, especially if there are nearby Ficus trees. It then spends the day in the same area, wandering hardly more than 500m during the entire day. May travel up to 3km a day if feeding trees are scattered.
- Females have on average one infant every two years.
- Communication among stump-tailed macaques involves auditory, visual, tactile and olfactory signals. When alarmed, it gives out a short, harsh bark. Generally they squeal and chatter when feeding.
- Formerly exported in large numbers for biomedical research, especially from peninsular Thailand where there used to be a big population. Its export was banned in 1976, but some illegal trafficking still occurs, so threat from trapping still exists.
- Also affected by habitat loss particularly conversion of forests to agriculture land.
- When their natural habitats are destroyed, these primates often raid villages and agricultural crops in search of food.
- The ban on export of this species for biomedical research has been an important step in the conservation of the species but illegal trade needs to be stopped through stringent enforcement.
- The establishment of protected areas that can sustain viable populations, such as Thaleban National Park, and the proposed Perlis State Park, will be crucial for the survival of this primate in the long term.
Scientific Name: Ciconia stormi
Malay Name: Burung Botak HutanDistribution
- Low-lying forests, forested or freshwater streams and rivers, and peat swamp forests.
- West Malaysia (south of Panti Forest Reserve in Johor, Taman Negara, Endau Rompin), eastern Sumatra, Borneo.
- About 90cm (34in) in height.
- Orange-red bill with small knob at the base (when breeding only) and yellow skin around the eyes. White on head confined to throat, nape and hind neck. Legs are orange in colour. When in flight, dark underwing and breast can be seen, while its neck is held straight out. Tail is black, with white beneath the tail.
- Chicks are white and downy with a black bill and a black, bald crown. Chicks are incubated and tended to by both parents.
- Gives out a throaty karau and also claps bill. Chicks give out loud, harsh and repeated krack calls.
- Hunts alone or in small loose groups, commonly under the forest canopy, feeding in margins of swampy forest, and appears at salt licks.
- Feeds by probing their long bills into shallow water for fish, frogs, molluscs and crustaceans.
- Frequently soars on rising thermals and roosts high up in forest trees. Core habitat is the floodplains of large rivers, including the riverine swamp forest along lower Perak, now being cleared for agriculture.
- Loss of natural habitat
- Diminishing food sources
- Protection of habitat in parks such as Taman Negara, Kerau Wildlife Reserve and Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary.
- There is also a case to develop policies to protect flood-plain forests.
- There is a good case for captive breeding of this rare, endangered specie.
Scientific Name: Pongo pygmaeus
Malay Name: Orang-utanDistribution
- Freshwater swamp and lowland forests of Borneo and Sumatra.
- The subspecies of orang-utan Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus is endemic to Borneo
- Orang-utans are the world’s largest tree-dwellers
- The adult male is usually shorter than an average man, but is much stronger and heavier, weighing as much as 110 kg (240 pounds).
- Orang-utans live solitary almost nomadic lives, spending most of their time in the forest canopy
- They feed mostly on fruits, but also leaves, bark, shoots, stems and epiphytic flowers.
- Each day they will build themselves a nest of twigs, leaves and branches up to 1 m wide, where they will sleep in the afternoons or retire for the day.
- Reproduction is very slow, with an eight-year gap between births.
- Orang-utans are slow-moving animals and have been targeted by hunters and for the pet trade.
- As natural forests are converted to other land uses, competition for food and space occurs. Conflicts between orang-utans and humans occur in agricultural areas, particularly oil palm plantations.
- Loss of natural habitat
- Diminishing food sources
- Unsustainable logging
- Land conversion to agriculture
- Forest fires and poaching.
25th May 2006... Sipadan Reef Damages Assessed
Kota Kinabalu, 25th May 2006... Recent reports of total devastation to Sipadan’s coral reefs are grossly over-exaggerated. Last week it was reported that a barge carrying construction materials damaged corals at Sipadan. A survey to assess the damage revealed that the area impacted was 372 sq. metres (3,984 sq. feet) according
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llium Nitride or CaF 2 is Calcium Fluoride<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Studies and preparatory drawings in this room reflect a number of recurring themes in Kahlo’s work. The lithograph Frida and the Miscarriage 1932, can be linked to the painting Henry Ford Hospital 1932, seen in room four. Kahlo portrays herself and her lost foetus with anatomical precision. The image is divided into two halves, light and dark. On one side embryonic cells divide around a male foetus; on the other the moon weeps, while Kahlo’s blood drips into the earth, nourishing plants that are shaped like human body parts. A third arm, clutching an artist’s palette, might imply that painting must supplant maternity in Kahlo’s life. A drawing called The Dream 1932, repeats some of the same motifs, such as cellular structures and plants becoming limbs. She shows herself lying naked on a bed, dreaming a cloud of images - a device reminiscent of Surrealist art.
In other drawings Kahlo extends her experimentation with Surrealist imagery. She often amused herself with the Surrealist game of ‘Exquisite Corpse’, in which one person draws a head on a piece of paper, folds it over, and passes it to the next who adds a torso, and so on. Kahlo was notorious amongst her friends for her risqué and sexually explicit contributions.
In another work, Kahlo portrays Luther Burbank, a Californian horticulturalist famed for his vegetable and fruit hybrids - the painting based on this drawing is included later in the exhibition. She presents Burbank himself as a hybrid, half man, half tree, whose roots are fed by what Kahlo said was his own corpse. This dream-like imagery may owe something to Surrealism, of which, despite her statements to the contrary, Kahlo was very likely aware. However, it could equally stem from the fantastic vein in Mexican popular culture.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Last updated: 21 Jul 2020
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Forensic science is the branch of biology that is related to investigation science and comes under the judicial system of a country. Forensic science is the application of a broad spectrum of sciences to answer the questions of interest to the legal system. Forensic science uses highly developed technologies to uncover scientific evidence in a variety of fields.
The forensic scientists are responsible to identify the evidence using different scientific techniques, by conducting several experiments on the victim and culprit and assist the enforcement officials to legally punish the culprit by providing proper evidence to the judiciary.
B.Sc Forensic Science is a 3-year undergraduate course that is divided into 6-semesters. The course involves the application of scientific knowledge to the investigation of crimes. The professionals in this discipline apply their knowledge of science to analyse the evidence found at the crime scene.
The course includes essential components such as forensic pathology, psychiatry, psychology, forensic medicine and odontology. The course is basically a laboratory-based science consisting of related elements of chemistry, biology, toxicology, ballistics, the science of fingerprinting, questioned documents and impressions.
The forensic science also involves crime-scene investigation including fire and explosion scenes and drug laboratories. The subject is basically applied to scientific knowledge to aid in administration of justice and has no boundaries as far as subjects are concerned. It makes use of different disciplines of science such as physics, chemistry, biology and medicine among others. The course trains the students to apply the forensic science techniques to identify the real culprit of the crime and provide proper evidence such that the guilty is punished by the judicial system of the country.
There are two important combinations available in B.Sc Forensic Science in Bangalore, they are:
The students who have passed PUC or 10+2 with science background from recognised board are eligible to apply for B.Sc Forensic Science course.
The students can take admission to B.Sc Forensic science by two modes. The first one is merit admission and second one is direct admission.
Let’s discuss in detail
There are many reputed educational institutes that conduct institution-based entrance exams for admission to courses, such mode of admission is called merit admission. The students have to qualify the entrance exams in order to get admission to merit seats in respective colleges. The main motto of conducting entrance exams is to select the serious and deserving students from the group of non-serious students because of the availability of a limited number of seats under this quota. The qualified students are finally allotted merit seats and the fee structure is also nominal in merit admission procedures.
The students can also get admission to B.Sc Forensic Science via another mode called direct admission. Under this mode of admission, the students can directly take admission to the desired colleges without any institution-based entrance exams. The students of direct admission are given exemptions, so that they are not required to apply for any entrance exams for admissions. Another important benefit is that the students can choose their desired colleges and get their seats booked even before the starting of the academic year. The students interested in direct admissions can contact the educational advisory centre like Galaxy Educational Services for more details about this mode of admission.
The students of B.Sc Forensic Science will be studying the following subjects in their course duration
|Sl. No.||Subjects of Study|
|1||Introduction to Forensic Science|
|2||Crime and Society|
|5||Tools and Techniques in Forensic Science|
|9||Law to combat Crime|
|13||Technological Methods of Forensic Science|
|24||Introduction to Biometry|
|27||Handwriting identification and Recognition|
|28||Forensic Science and Society|
|29||Computer Forensics Investigation|
Careers in forensic science largely depend on one’s specialisation. Successful graduates can find work in both government and private agencies. The demand for forensic science students is more in abroad when compared to India. They can find jobs in hospitals, laboratories, some legal firms hire B.Sc Forensic Students as document experts. The forensic science laboratories across the country hire B.Sc Forensic Students in large numbers.
The students who are interested in higher studies can join master's courses. They can join a PhD programme and take up research in the field. The students who are interested in in-depth study of the subject can join M.Phil programmes. The B.Sc forensic science students can join as lectures in various colleges after they complete their master’s in forensic science. They can take up teaching of subjects related to forensic science in colleges.
Some of the job roles available for B.Sc Forensic Science students are:
The fresh B.Sc Forensic Science students will be earning around 3 lakhs to 4 lakhs per annum. The experienced professionals will be earning around 6 lakhs to 8 lakhs per annum. The salaries vary according to the recruiters. The government agencies offer better salary packages when compared to private agencies in India.
Some of the top recruiters hiring B.Sc Forensic Science students are:
Forensic science has witnessed a lot of demand in the past decade. The increased number of crimes across the globe has forced many enforcement agencies to hire skilled forensic science students. The B.Sc Forensic Science students are skilled professionals who have the potential and knowledge to identify the evidence. There is a lack of skilled professionals in this field and this has created a surge on demand. Further, the demand for B.Sc Forensic Science students is more in abroad when compared to India. The interested students who want to land in a lucrative field of forensic science can join a B.Sc Forensic Science course and can earn decent salary packages and also expect a good career growth in the field.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>中新社香港11月18日电气香港维多利亚公园2021年农历年夜市场摊位公开竞争于18日结束。今年维园摊位竞争的总收入为246.232万元港元，相同。2021年香港春节年宵市场将于2021年2月6日至2月12日举行，为期7天，共设置1021个湿货摊位，比去年1284个湿货摊位减少约20%，场内不设置干货和快餐摊位。
香港特区政府食品环境卫生局发言人表示，维园年宵市场今年共有169个摊位在连续两天的公开竞争中出租，维园摊位竞争总收入为246.232万元。去年总收入为153.7077万元。
另外，东涌达东路花园年夜市场的摊位竞争将于19日举行，深水垭花墟公园、观塘区观塘游乐场、黄大仙摩托车公园和深水垭长沙湾游乐场的年夜市场摊位竞争将于11月20日和11月23日至25日举行。完编辑：孔庆玲。
本文来源：od体育app-www.dionnetorres.com<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>曼弗雷德·杜尼约克是谁？ 2003年3月7日，这位曾经制作过400余部电影电视作品的资深制片人，因心肌梗塞于柏林逝世，享年68岁。十年之后，我在潘家园偶然间得到了他亲笔签名的《中国新面孔》摄影集，并由此了解到他对沟通东西方世界、促进中德文化交流所做出的卓越贡献，这不能不说是一次奇妙的缘分。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>این تحقیق در مورد ماضی بعید در زبان انگلیسی می باشد و این زمان را به صورت گرامری شرح می دهد.
مقدمه
ماضی بعید به عملی اشاره می کند که در گذشته قبل از عمل دیگری انجام شده باشد .
بقیه ی جمله + اسم مفعول + had + فاعل = ماضی بعید
تذکر : ماضی بعید بندرت به تنهایی بکار می رود و اغلب بوسیله ی کلمات ربط نظیر before وafter و because و when و … با گذشته ی ساده طبق الگوی زیر همراه است .
بلافاصله بعد از پرداخت لینک دانلود فعال می شود<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>En-gannim ĕn-găn´ĭm [key], in the Bible.
Town of Judah.
Levitical city, the modern
(West Bank), at the southeastern end of the plain of Esdraelon. An alternate form is Anem.
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Biblical Proper Names
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Bu derece dersi Birmingham Üniversitesi Koleji tarafından verilir.
genel bakış
Güç, Koşullandırma ve Sporcu Beslenme kursu, güç ve koşullandırma çalışmalarını spor beslenmesiyle birleştirmek için eşsiz bir fırsat sunar. Sporcuların koşullandırılması ve spor performansına hazırlanmasına ilişkin olarak çok çeşitli beceriler ve deneyimler geliştireceksiniz. Bu disiplinleri, bir sporcunun performans planından faydalanmak için beslenme planını manipüle etme yeteneği ile birleştireceksiniz. Atletik zindeliği ve performansı değerlendirmek ve geliştirmek için bilgi ve beceri kazanacaksınız. Doğrulamaya tabi olarak, bu yeterlilik, NSCA Eğitim Tanıma Programının bir parçası olarak Ulusal Güç ve Şartlandırma Birliği (NSCA) tarafından onaylanacaktır.
Tabii etkili bir Güç ve Koşullandırma Koçu olarak veya Spor ve Egzersiz Bilimi alanında çalışmak için becerilerinizi geliştirmenize yardımcı olmak için kabul edilmiş bir teorik ve pratik çalışma dengesi sunar. Uygulayıcı becerilerinizin alandaki en yeni kanıtlara dayanmasını sağlamak için güç, iklimlendirme ve beslenme ile ilgili en son araştırmaların kullanılmasına vurgu yapılmaktadır. İlkyardım eğitimi, REPS akreditasyonu, Seviye 2 Spor Salonu Eğitmeni ve 1. yılda UKCC 1.4Spor Seviye 1 Ödülü Koçluk Ağırlık Kaldırma (İngiltere Ağırlık Kaldırma), UKCC 1.4Spor Düzey 2 Koçluk Ağırlık Kaldırma (İngiliz Ağırlık Kaldırma) ve 2. ve 3. Yıllar arasında Seviye 3 Spor Masajı. Ekstra nitelikler ek ücrete tabidir (indirimli).
Neden bu kursu seçmeliyim?
- Güçlü bir güçlenme, kondisyonlama ve spor beslenmesi hakkında bilgi sahibi olacak ve bu becerileri pratik yollarla güvenle uygulayabilecek
- Kariyer fırsatlarınızı artıracak endüstri deneyimi ve nitelikler kazanacaksınız
- Belirli bir mesleki ilgi alanını eleştirel olarak analiz etme fırsatı yaratan kendi araştırma projeniz üzerinde çalışma şansına sahip olacaksınız.
- Endüstri katılımını ve gelecekteki iş fırsatlarını en üst düzeye çıkarmak için kurs boyunca iş deneyimi fırsatlarına sahip olacaksınız.
- Öğretim, üniversite ve sanayi tesislerinden yararlanarak küçük bir grup ortamında gerçekleştirilir, bu nedenle öğrenme son derece odaklıdır.
İşe yerleştirme
Bu kurs boyunca iş deneyimi kazanmanız teşvik edilir, çünkü öğrendiklerinizi kalifiye profesyoneller ile birlikte uygulamak için harika bir fırsattır. Yıllar boyunca sektörde yakın çalışma ilişkileri geliştirdik, böylece çalışmalarınız boyunca size geniş bir yerleştirme fırsatı sunabiliriz.
Avery alanları
Öğrenciler ayrıca önde gelen Birmingham rugby kulübü Bournville RFC ile paylaştığımız Avery Fields'deki son derece modern, tüm hava şartlarından yararlandılar. Amacına uygun, 15 dönümlük arazi, iki yeni çim sahası ve etkileyici bir kulüp binasının yanı sıra, etkinlik odası, modern değiştirme tesisleri ve fizyoterapi paketi içeren etkileyici bir kulüp binasının yanı sıra 3 milyon sterlinlik bir dönüşüm geçirdi.
2019 için yeni spor tesisleri
Spor odaklı derece kurslarımıza katılan herkes için harika bir haber, 2019'da açıldığında yeni yüksek öğrenim binamız Moss House'daki en son teknolojiye sahip tesislerden özel olarak faydalanacakları. Hız ve performansı değerlendirmek için en yeni ekipman ve spor teknolojilerini ve 35 metrelik bir kapalı koşu parkurunu içeren son spor salonu.
Spor Performansı ve Rehabilitasyon Öğrenci Konferansı
UCB'nin ilk spor konferansı geçtiğimiz yıl, ülkenin dört bir yanından gelen endüstri liderlerinin yanı sıra UCB'nin kendi uzman spor eğitmenlerinin, şu anda spor performansını ve rehabilitasyonunu etkileyen en acil konuların bir özetini verdi.
Kit / üniforma
Pratik faaliyetler için, yaklaşık 55 sterlinlik bir ücret karşılığında bir formata ihtiyaç vardır. Bu bir polo gömlek ve bir çift pantolondan oluşuyor. Bununla birlikte, öğrenciler aynı zamanda hoody, rain jacket, şort vb. Gereksinimlerine göre ek ürünler almayı da seçebilirler.
tesisler
Performans Spor Salonu ve Spor Salonu
Üniversite spor salonunun yanı sıra öğretim ve performans salonumuz, küçük grup pratik oturumlarında koçluk ve kaldırma tekniklerini bilemek ve hareket biyomekaniğini analiz etmek için kullanılır. Ek olarak, öğrencilerin çok çeşitli endüstri tesislerine maruz kalmasını sağlamak için yerel uzman tesisleri kullanıyoruz.
Richmond Evi Spor Salonu
Bu, aynı zamanda öğretim amaçlı kullanılan ticari bir spor salonu. Burada, öğrenciler çeşitli indüksiyonlar yapmanın yanı sıra egzersiz indüksiyonu ve uygulaması hakkında daha fazla bilgi edineceklerdir.
İnsan Performans Laboratuvarı
İnsan Performans Laboratuvarı lisans eğitimi, araştırma projeleri için veri toplama ve spor ve egzersiz danışmanlığı için kullanılır.
Spor Yaralanmaları / Masaj Klinikleri
Üniversite Spor Terapisi öğrencilerinin profesyonel sporculara, öğrencilere ve halkın üyelerine çeşitli hizmetler sundukları iki Spor Yaralanma / Masaj Kliniği vardır. Öğrenciler kas-iskelet sistemi yaralanmaları olan hastaları değerlendirmek ve tedavi etmek ve masaj ve rehabilitasyon kursları gibi hizmetler vermek için eğitilirler.
Kick-Start Şeması
Tam zamanlı, lisans veya PGCE kursuna devam eden, en yüksek oranda (£ 9,250) ücret ödeyen ve Ev, AB veya Kanal Adaları'ndaki öğrenci statüsüne sahip tüm yeni öğrenciler, Kick-Start ile yılda 300 £ almaya hak kazanırlar. Şema. Bu fonların çalışmalarınızı ve gelecekteki kariyerinizi nasıl destekleyebileceği hakkında daha fazla bilgi edinmek ve yıllık 500 £ ek almaya uygun olup olmadığınızı öğrenmek için Kick-Start SSS'lerini ziyaret edin.
Açık günler
Açık günlerimiz, UCB ve çalışmak istediğiniz alanlar hakkında size mümkün olduğunca çok bilgi vermek üzere tasarlanmıştır. Gelin, size günde bir teklifte bulunabiliriz.
Program içeriği
Yıl 1
- Akademik Gelişim
- Güç ve İklimlendirme için Anatomi
- Egzersiz Fizyolojisi
- Beslenme İlkeleri
- Pratik Güç ve Koşullandırma Prensipleri I
- Pratik Güç ve Koşullandırma İlkeleri II
2. yıl
- Alan Bazlı Klima
- Yaralanma Önleme ve Rehabilitasyon
- Spor Araştırması
- Spor Biyomekaniği
- Spor Beslenmesi
Seçenekler:
- Yaratıcı İşletme Teşebbüsü
- Gönüllü Girişim
- Sağlık, Zindelik ve Refah
- Atletik Hareket Analizi
3. yıl
- Uygulanan Güç ve Koşullandırma
- Performans için Beslenme
- Spor Projesi
- Sporda İşe Dayalı Öğrenme
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une caratteristiche della dissociazione.
Non sorprende che una persona con questo stile di attaccamento possa favorire lo sviluppo del proprio figlio durante la genitorialità. Date le conseguenze che ha nella vita adulta, quando ci sono drastiche interferenze nella vita quotidiana, dovrebbe essere presa in considerazione la ricerca di un aiuto professionale.
Nello specifico, la terapia psicologica può essere la risposta agli effetti che le esperienze della prima infanzia hanno avuto su atteggiamenti, pensieri e comportamenti in età adulta.Potrebbe interessarti ...
- Duschinsky R. DISORGANIZATION, FEAR AND ATTACHMENT: WORKING TOWARDS CLARIFICATION. Infant Ment Health J. 2018 Jan;39(1):17-29.
- Hesse, E., & Main, M. Second-generation effects of unresolved trauma in nonmaltreating parents: Dissociated, frightened, and threatening parental behavior. Psychoanalytic Inquiry. 1999; 19(4): 481–540.
- Levy KN. The implications of attachment theory and research for understanding borderline personality disorder. Dev Psychopathol. 2005 Fall;17(4):959-86.
- Lyons-Ruth K, Dutra L, Schuder MR, Bianchi I. From infant attachment disorganization to adult dissociation: relational adaptations or traumatic experiences? Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2006 Mar;29(1):63-86, viii.
- Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1986). Discovery of an insecure-disorganized/disoriented attachment pattern. In T. B. Brazelton & M. W. Yogman (Eds.), Affective development in infancy- 1986; 95–124.
- Main, M., & Solomon, J. Procedures for identifying infants as disorganized/disoriented during the Ainsworth Strange Situation. In M. T. Greenberg, D. Cicchetti, & E. M. Cummings (Eds.), Attachment in the preschool years: Theory, research, and intervention. 1990; 121–160.
- O’Connor E, Bureau JF, McCartney K, Lyons-Ruth K. Risks and Outcomes Associated with Disorganized/Controlling Patterns of Attachment at Age Three in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Infant Ment Health J. 2011 Jul;32(4):450-472.
- Spitoni GF, Zingaretti P, Giovanardi G, Antonucci G, Galati G, Lingiardi V, Cruciani G, Titone G, Boccia M. Disorganized Attachment pattern affects the perception of Affective Touch. Sci Rep. 2020 Jun 15;10(1):9658.
- Westen D, Nakash O, Thomas C, Bradley R. Clinical assessment of attachment patterns and personality disorder in adolescents and adults. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2006 Dec;74(6):1065-85.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Avrupaya 1500'lü yıllarda gelen çikolata yıllarca yenmemiş, acı su olarak değerlendirilmiş ve -genelde- ilaç olarak kullanılmış
7 Temmuz "Dünya Çikolata gününde" yayımlanan ve 16. yüzyıl sonuna kadar olan erken evrede "Çikolatanın Tarihi" anlatmaya çalıştığım yazımı okuyanlar hatırlayacaklardır, bu gizemli bitkinin ilk kez Avrupa topraklarıyla buluşmasında 1550 yılı simgesel olarak kabul edilse de ilk temas konusunda farklı görüşler de olduğunu söylemiştim.
Bunlardan biri Christophe Colomb'un dördüncü Amerika seferinde -bugün dünyaca ünlü bir çikolata markasının da adı olan- Guanaja'da, kakao yüklü bir maya kanosuyla karşılaştığı ve evine dönerken de bunları ülkesine götürdüğü şeklindeydi! Bir diğer görüş de, Meksika'yı keşfeden ünlü İspanyol maceracı Hernando Cortes'in ilk kez çikolata ile karşılaşan Avrupalı olduğu şeklinde. Denilen o ki, Cortes'in İspanya Kralı 5. Charles'ın onuruna 1519 yılında hazırlayıp Meksika'nın zenginlikleri olarak gönderdiği gemide o güne kadar bilinmeyen fantastik şeylerin arasında çikolata da varmış. O gemide olanlar o yılların gizemi içinde belki de Amerika'dan Avrupa'ya taşınan en ilginç bir karışım bütünüymüş. Obsidyen aynalar, zıplayan kauçuk toplar, albino hastalığından muzdarip olduğu için göz - ten rengi görünüşleriyle "ucube" olarak görülen insanlar, cüceler, göz alıcı deniz kabukları, rengârenk büyük kuşlar gibi fantastik öğelerin arasında patatesle birlikte çikolata da varmış.
Her ne kadar çikolatanın Batı kültürü ile tanışmasının ardında aşağı yukarı 500 yıllık bir tarih olsa da, birbiri ardına yapılan arkeolojik kazılarda çıkan sonuçlara göre Güney Amerika yerli kültürlerince binlerce yıldır kullanıldığı ve tarımı yapıldığı biliniyor. Hatta kakao tohumlarının para yerine kullanıldığı dönemler bile olmuş. Günümüzde birbiri ardına yapılan bilimsel araştırmalar dünyanın ilk uyarıcı içkisi olarak kabul edilen çikolatanın tarihçesini, bu bitkiyi keşfeden - yetiştiren Meksikalı Olmek insanlarının MÖ 1000'li yıllara ulaşan geçmişinde ve "kakawa" kelimesinin kökeninde arıyorlar. Denilen o ki, MS 60'lı yıllarda Maya kültüründe "cacahuaquchtl" olarak telaffuz edilen kakao ağacı, bazı yerlerde yazıldığına göre "xocoatl" kelimesinden türeyerek Batı dillerine "chocolate" olarak geçmiş.
Çikolata Avrupa'da
Efendim, bugün çikolatanın Avrupa'ya ulaşmasını sonrasında yaşananlara yolculuk edeceğiz. Başta yazdığım gibi, besleyici-şifa verici özellikleri fark edilmiş olsa da çikolata uzunca bir süre "acı su" olarak anılmış ve sadece ilaç olarak kullanılmış. Özellikle de yüksek ateşe çare olarak gösterilmiş. Çok uzun yıllar boyunca bu bitkiyi Avrupa insanının damak tadına uygun hale getirme adına, değişik pişirme ve hazırlama teknikleri denenmiş, acılığının alınmasına dönük olarak dönemin bilinen bütün aromaları kullanılmış. On binlerce kişinin ortak aklı ve uğraşıyla çabalar sürmüş, ısrarla farklı besinlerle birleştirilerek sofralara taşınmaya çalışılmış.
Çikolatanın Avrupa'ya ilk olarak ne zaman taşındığı konusunda farklı görüşler var.
Tabii ki bu acı su çok sayıda zorlukla da karşılaşmış; karşısına dini ve siyasi sorunlar bile çıkmış. İnanması zor ama çikolatanın önü farklı gerekçelerle hep kesilmeye çalışılmış. Öncelikle kutsal kitaplarda yer almayan çikolatanın kullanımı kilise tarafından yıllarca hoş karşılanmamış, farklı dini inanışlar çikolatanın oruç bozup bozmayacağını tartışırken mezhepler arasında da farklı görüşler oluşmuş.
Muhafazakâr çevreler de bu zincire katılmış, uyarıcı etkilerini tehlikeli buldukları için çikolatayı domuzlara layık göstermişler, onların yıkanacağı ve besleneceği bir sıvı olarak tanıtmışlar.
Her ne olursa olsun, çikolatanın besleyici olduğunu Amerikan yerli halkından öğrenen İspanyollarla Portekizliler önderliğinde çikolata ekimi ve yiyebilme yollarının arayışı sürmüş, dönemin denizlerdeki bu iki önemli gücü sayesinde kakao bitkisi farklı coğrafyalara da taşınmış. Aklı başında olanlar iptidai yöntemlerle de olsa besleyici olduğuna inandıkları için inadına şifa niyetine tüketmeye çalışmışlar. Tüm engellemelere karşın 1500'lü yılların sonuna gelindiğinde çikolatanın gizemi ve popülerliği bu iki ülkenin topraklarında hızla yayılıyormuş.
Acı su olarak bilinen çikolata, 1600'lü yıllarda genelde ilaç olarak kullanılmış.
1600'lü yıllar Çikolatanın Avrupa'da emeklemesine şahit olmuş
1606 yılında, gezgin Antonio Carletti, İspanya seyahatinde karşılaştığı çikolatayı memleketi İtalya'ya getirmiş ve bireysel çabasıyla büyük şehirlerde çok kişiye tek tek tanıtmış. Bu tarihten sonra çikolata İtalya üzerinden Almanya'ya, Avusturya'ya ve İsviçre'ye yayılmış.
1615 yılında, güçlü İspanya İmparatorluğunun Prensesi Maria Theresa, Fransız nişanlısı 14. Louis'e değerli taşlarla süslenerek özenle imal edilmiş süslü bir sandık içinde paketlenmiş çikolata göndererek bugün evlilik ve nişan sırasında dünyanın her yerinde uygulanan çikolata verme geleneğini başlatmış. Böylece çikolata sembolik olarak evliliğe giden yolda çiftlerin geleceğe yürüdüğü başlangıcın adı olmuş.
1631 yılında İspanyol tıp doktoru Antonio Colmenero de Ledesma, Azteklerden öğrendiği şekliyle ilk kez çikolata yapım tarifi yayınlanmış. Matbu olarak basılan ve ilk çikolata tarifi içeren bu kitap, her ne kadar Azteklerin damak tadına uygun olarak hazırlanmış olsa da içinde dönemin Avrupa'ya özgü baharatlarını da içeriyormuş. Badem, anason, tarçın, çiçek, fındık, İskenderiye gülleri ve vanilya eklenmesi tadı zenginleştirmiş, kakao tohumlarının acı suyunun içilebilir hale gelmesini sağlamış, lezzetine katkısı olmuş.
1641 yılında, bilim insanı Johann Georg Voldkammer, Alman toplumuna yatmadan önce içilecek bir bardak çikolata suyunun sağlık ve şifa getirecek güzel bir alışkanlık yaratacağının tanıtımını yapmış, tüm fiziksel rahatsızlıklara karşı çikolata suyunu önermiş.
Aynı yıl bir İspanyol gemisiyle Florida'ya gelen, daha doğrusu ana kıtasına yeni hazırlanış tarzıyla geri dönen çikolata, maceracıların hayallerini süsleyen Amerika sevdasına eşlik etmiş, kıtanın her yerine çok kısa bir zamanda yayılmış.
1653 yılında çikolata ile ilgili ilk resmi açıklama, dönemin ünlü Kardinali Richelieu'nun kardeşi Bonavontura Di Aragon tarafından yapılmış ve çikolatanın dalak sağlığıyla sindirim fonksiyonlarının işleyişlerine olan faydası dile getirilmiş.
1657 İlk çikolata evinin Londra'da açıldığı bir yıl olmuş. Dönemin zaten popüler olan ve bunda İstanbul'dan giden Osmanlı vatandaşlarının da etkisi olduğu düşünülen kahvehanelere rakip olacak "The Coffee Mill" ve "Tobacco Roll" isimli dükkânlar seçkinler için 10-15 Şilin karşılığında sıcak çikolata servisine başlamış. Su yerine süt, çırpılmış yumurta ve dönemin bilinen hoş koku seçenekleri ile denemeler devam etmiş, farklı çikolata pişirimlerinin ardındaki ısrar hız kazanmış.
1659 yılında, Fransa Kralı 14. Louis, Fransız Kraliyet Sarayı'na çikolatayla pahalı bisküviler ve kekler yapan fırıncı David Chaillou'ya Paris'te çikolatalı içecek - yiyecek ticareti yapma ruhsatı vermiş. Bu biraz da bizim siyaset dünyamızın ticari faaliyetler içindeki işlerimize benzeyen bir şey gibi olmuş ama bal tutan parmağını yalar misali, sarayın adamı David Chaillou, Fransa'nın ilk "çikolatacısı" olmuş.
1600'lü yılların Avrupa'sında çikolata soyluların arasında görülmeye başlanmış.
Şampanyanın yanında çikolata servisi
1664 yılında, İspanya'da bir çikolata yapma tarifi daha yayınlanmış. Reçetede bu defa acılığını alma ve hoş koku verme adına içine farklı biber türleri, kır çiçekleri, tarçın, badem, fındık, şeker pancarı, günümüzde daha çok boya verici özelliğiyle kullanılan Güney Amerika orijinli "annatto" bitkisi tohumları yer almış. Kaynatılan içerik özel yapım bir çubuk yardımıyla iyice karıştırılıp köpürtülmüş, sonra da içine karanfil ve vanilya eklenmiş. İçki sofralarının, dost davetlerinin, aşk sohbetlerinin ve özlem giderilen keyifli paylaşımlarda yıllanmış konyaklarla, viskilerle, şampanyalarla sunulan en gözde çerez bu tarihten sonra hep çikolata olmuş.
1674 Yılında İspanya'dan dönen İngiliz gezginlerin günlüklerinde yer alan nottaki parmak şeklinde yenen katı çikolata benzetmesi, İngilizler için kabul edilmesi zor olsa da, bu yapım şeklinin Ada'ya nereden geldiği konusunda yeni bir tez konusu olmuş. Oysa İngiliz orijinli tezlere ve bilimsel araştırmalara kaynak olan çalışmalara göre hamur işleri ile çikolatanın ilk kez Londra'da pişirilip servis edildiğini sahiplenici çok görüş var.
17. yüzyılda İngiltere'de bir dergide çıkmış kakao çekirdeklerini öğüten değirmen taslağı, çikolata yapımının başladığını gösteriyor.
Avrupa'nın artan çikolata ihtiyacını gören İspanya Sarayı, Kraliyet kararnamesi ile Brezilyanın Par Bölgesinde sistematik olarak kakao yetiştirmeye 1677 yılında başlamış. Bugün için de dünyanın en büyük kakao tohumu sağlayıcısı olan Brezilyanın üretimdeki gücü böylece başlamış olmuş.
Fransız yaşamında da çikolata ciddi yer bulmuş. Venezuela'nın kuzeydoğusunda, Atlantik Okyanusu'nun da batısındaki Fransız kültürünün bugün de yaşandığı Karayipler'deki Martinique Adasında 1680'li yıllardan gelen ve günümüz Fransızcasına zaman belirtme olarak giren "çikolataya varmak" deyimi sabahı etmek, yani sabahın güzel saatlerini yaşamak anlamında bugün bile kullanılıyormuş. Düşünsenize, sabah kahvaltıda sofraya konacak sıcak çikolatanın albenisi o yıllardan başlamış.
İspanya Kraliyet kararnamesiyle Brezilyanın Par Bölgesinde sistematik olarak kakao yetiştirilmesi 1677 yılında başlamış.
İlk Amerikan çikolata evinin 1682'de Boston'da açılmış. 1697 yılında da Zürih belediye başkanı Heinrich Escher, İsviçre'ye ilk kez Brüksel'den çikolata getirmiş. İyi de yapmış, çünkü o günden itibaren İsviçre, neredeyse çikolata dendiğinde akla ilk gelen ülke olmuş.
Çikolatanın tarihi o kadar uzun ve karmaşık yollardan geçiyor ki, kısaca özetlemeye çalıştığım 1600'lü yıllar içinde bile çikolatanın dönüşümünde çok sayısız yaşanmışlık var. Çikolatanın tarihini irdeleyen kitaplar bile birbiri ardına basılırken, yeryüzündeki tüm insanların ortak ağız tadı olmaya böylesine hazırlanan bir bitkinin nasıl kullanılacağı yönündeki bilgi birikimi koleksiyonerleri peşinden sürüklemeye devam etmiş. Kimi çikolata konulu gravür toplamış, kimi farklı pişirme yöntemleriyle ulaşılan çikolata örneklerini biriktirmeye ballamışlar.
Bu gün çikolata dendiğinde ilk akla gelen İsviçre'ye bu gizemli bitkiyi 1697 yılında Zürih belediye Heinrich Escher getirmiş.
Çikolatanın belli bir zümre için beslenme alışkanlığı oluşturması özellikle 1600'lü yıllarda daha da netlik kazanmış, çikolatanın fendi yavaş yavaş her alanda insanlığın direncini kırmış ve günlük yaşamın ağız tadıyla yaşanmasını sağlamış.
Çikolatanın tarihi konusundaki çalışmam devam ediyor efendim. Haftaya 1700'lü yıllardaki gelişmeler ve Avrupa insanının çikolataya yavaş yavaş sarılışının heyecan verici öyküsü devam edecek.
Güzellikleri biriktirmenizi dilerim.
- https://chocolateclass.wordpress.com/2015/02/20/integration-of-chocolate-into-17th-century-british-society/
- https://www.hotelchocolat.com/uk/the-history-of-hot-chocolate.html
- https://chocolateclass.wordpress.com/2015/02/20/integration-of-chocolate-into-17th-century-british-society/
- http://dyingforchocolate.blogspot.com/2013/10/christopher-columbus-chocolate-recipe.html
- https://readcacao.com/a-simple-history-of-chocolate/
- https://www.onhealth.com/content/1/history_of_chocolate
- http://apps.worldagroforestry.org/treesandmarkets/inaforesta/history.htm
- https://www.chocolatemonthclub.com/chocolate-history
- https://www.thenibble.com/reviews/main/chocolate/the-history-of-chocolate.asp
- https://t2tglobal.org/global-math-stories/vev-switzerland/
- https://chocolateclass.wordpress.com/tag/ritual/
- https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/57507/20-things-you-never-knew-about-chocolate<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Piccole Donne, il nuovo adattamento dell'opera di Louisa May Alcott diretto da Greta Gerwig, ha un piccolo debito nei confronti
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ler savaşta 1462'si sivil olmak üzere 2251 Filistinlinin öldüğünü açıklamıştı. İsrail tarafında ise altı sivil ve 67 asker ölmüştü.
İsrail, "Gazze'den atılan füzeleri durdurmak ve militanların sınır altında tünel kazmak yöntemiyle yarattığı tehdidi bertaraf etmek için operasyon yaptığını" duyurmuştu.
Af Örgütü'nün raporunda "İsrail'in Refah'ta 1 Ağustos ve 4 Ağustos arasındaki saldırılarının savaş suçu ve insanlığa karşı işlenen suç içinde değerlendirilebileceği" belirtildi.
Af Örgütü'nün araştırmasında Filistinlilerin tanıklıklarının yanında bazı ileri tekniklerin de kullanıldığı belirtiliyor. İsrail askeri Hadar Goldin İsrail güçleri ve Hamas arasındaki çatışmalar sırasında kaçırılmış ve bir tünele götürülmüştü.
Af Örgütü Müdürü Philip Luther, "İsrail'in, Hadar Goldin'in kaçırılmasını engellemek için Refah'taki yerleşim alanlarında yaptığı aralıksız ve çok büyük bombardımanda savaş suçu işlediğine dair güçlü kanıtlar olduğunu" söyledi.
Örgüt, Refah'taki bombardımanda araçların, ambulansların ve yayaların da rastgele hedef alındığını belirtti. İsrail ise Af Örgütü'nün" yanlış bir hikâye" inşa ettiğini söyledi.
İsrail, rapordaki tanıklıkların "doğruluğu kanıtlanmamış ve potansiyel olarak taraflı" olduğunu belirtti.
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Dünyanın en güzel kızı büyüdü! İşte son hali<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Review Article of Advances in Research and Reviews
Conflict Resolution Among The Gumuz Communities: Mangima Institution In The Twentieth Century
Bogale Aligaiz Agalu
Agewmider Preparatory School, Department of History, Injibara
This study critically inspected the Mangima conflict resolution within Gumuz society in Metekel Zone, Bineshangul Gumuz National Regional state, Ethiopia. Mangima institution played a significant role in resolving conflicts as well as contributed to the establishment of peaceful relations within Gumuz communities in each districts of region. Gumuz are one of the indigenous peoples have settled in the region. Their conflict was instigated by the problems related to marriage, abducting girls, elopement, adultery, incest, belief in evil eye, Gäfia (Witch doctor), deliberate killings for heroism, competitions over the use of land resources, insults and failure to pay back debts. The Gumuz inhabited areas of Metekel was purposively selected for this study. The data was collected using key informants interview and focus group discussion. Gumuz elders and local leaders that appointed during the regime were independently interviewed and focus group discussions attended by five groups through 20 peoples in each group on the issues of conflict generating practices and the role Mangima conflict resolution within Gumuz communities. The sources are critically collected, examined and then analyzed. The legitimacies of the sources are cross-checked one against the other.
Keywords: Intra-Ethnic Conflict, Indigenous conflict resolution, Mangima institution.
How to cite this article:
Bogale Aligaiz Agalu.Conflict Resolution Among The Gumuz Communities: Mangima Institution In The Twentieth Century. Advances in Research and Reviews, 2020, 1:11
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5. Berihun Mebrate (1996)., “Spontaneous Settle-ment and Inter-Ethnic Relations in Mätäkäl, North- West Ethiopia,” M.A. Thesis in Social An-thropology, Addis Ababa University.
6. Ethiopia News Agency(1973). “Yäshänqlla Behé-räsäb Tärik,” Addis Zämäne Tire 29,.
7. Dejene Gemechu(2002). “Some Aspects of Con-flict and Conflict Resolution among Waliso Oromo of Eastern Macha, with Particular Em-phasis on the Guma.” M.A. Thesis in Social An-thropology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
8. Dereje Seyoum(2010). “The Role of Local Gov-ernment in Conflict Management: The Case of MESO Woreda.”An Anthology of Peace and Se-curity Research in Collaboration with Friedrich Stiftung, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
9. Desalegn Amsalu(2010). The Nature of Awi- Gumuz Relations: – The Dynamics of Ethnicity in Ethiopia. USA: VDM verg.
10. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Popu-lation Census Commission Central Statistical Agency(2010). The 2007 Population and Housing Census of Ethiopia: Statistical Report for Ben-ishangul Gumuz Region. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
11. Melkamu Bessie(2004). “Fiscal Decentralization in Benishangul Gumuz Region: A Review of Problems of Fiscal Imbalance.” M.A. Thesis in Regional and Local Development Studies, Addis Ababa University.
12. Mulatu Mebratu(2007). “Assessment of Conflict Management Practices: A Case Study of Admas University College.” M.A. Thesis in Business Administration, Addis Ababa University.
13. Taddesse Tamrat(1982). “Early Trends of Feudal Superimposition on Gumuz Society in Western Gojjam.” An Unpublished Paper Presented on the International Symposium on History and Ethnog-raphy in Ethiopian Studies:2-14.
14. Tsega Endalew(2006). Inter-Ethnic Relations on a Frontier:- M’atkkal’’l, (Ethiopia),1898-1991, Ger-man: Otto Harras sowitz and Co-KGWiesbaden.
15. ____(2002).Conflict Resolution through Cultural Tolerance: An Analysis of the Mičhu Institution in Mätäkäl Region, Ethiopia, Addis Ababa: OSSREA :5-30.
16. Wold Sellassie Abute((2002). Gumuz and High-land Resettlers: Differing Strategies of Livelihood and Ethnic Relations in Mätäkäl, North Western Ethiopia. Institute of Ethnology, Gottingen: Gottingen University Press.
17. Wendy, James(1986). “Life Lines: Exchange among the Gumuz.” In Donald D. and W. James Eds. The Southern Marches of Imperial Ethiopia. London: Cambridge University Press, 119-134.
18. Wood, Adrian P(1993). “Natural Resource Con-flict in South-West Ethiopia: State, Communities and the Role of the National Conservation Strat-egy in the Search for Sustainable Develop-ment.” Nordic Journal of African Studies, Vol.2 (2), No.83-99, University of Huddersfield: Uk, 84.
This work and its PDF file(s) are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>جنگ بین اتریوم و SEC متوقف نمی شود. کمیسیون بورس و اوراق بهادار در حال حاضر در تلاش است تا قدرت خود را بر صنعت کریپتو ایجاد کند. SEC ادعا می کند که تقریباً همه ارزهای دیجیتال اوراق بهادار هستند. بنابراین، بر روی توکنها و مبادلات کریپتو صلاحیت دارد. پس مراقب اتریوم باشید !
مراقب اتریوم باشید
اخیراً، گری جنسلر، رئیس SEC، فاش کرد که پس از بروز رسانی مرج اتریوم، توکن بومی این شبکه، متمرکز و یک مورد امنیتی در نظر گرفته شود. اکنون، SEC از جامعه کریپتو سود دریافت می کند زیرا ادعا می کند که ایالات متحده صلاحیت قضایی تمام اتریوم را دارد. این بدان معناست که SEC بر هر تراکنش اتریوم اختیار دارد.
لارک دیویس، یکی از اینفلوئنسرهای مهم ارزهای دیجیتال، معتقد است که این ادعا شرایط خطرناکی را ایجاد می کند.
نبرد بین SEC و اتریوم
سازمان SEC مدتها تلاش کرده است که صلاحیت خود را بر دومین ارز دیجیتال بزرگ ادعا کند. پیش از این، گری جنسلر، رئیس SEC فاش کرد که بیت کوین را تنها ارز دیجیتالی می داند که یک کالا است. SEC اختیار نظارتی بر کالاها ندارد. آنها تحت صلاحیت کمیسیون معاملات آتی کالا یا CFTC قرار دارند.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Taken just minutes after the bomb fell, as incomprehensible horror unfolded below.
Honkawa Elementary School
In the center of Hiroshima, in a part of the city totally destroyed by the explosion and ensuing fires, a long-lost photograph taken shortly after the blast has been discovered among a collection of articles about the bombing.
The picture is a rare glimpse of the bomb's immediate aftermath, showing the distinct two-tiered cloud as it was seen from Kaitaichi, part of present-day Kaita, six miles east of Hiroshima's center. Reprints of the image did appear in a 1988 Japanese-language publication, but the whereabouts of the original were unknown. There are only a couple of other photos in existence (two, possibly three) that capture the cloud from the vantage point of the ground; and, according to the Japanese paper Asahi Shimbun, there is only one other photograph that provides as clear a picture of the separated tiers of the cloud, and that is a photo taken from the Enola Gay as it zipped away.
The Asahi Shimbun and AFP reports about the recently recovered photo point to a bit of confusion over when, exactly, it was taken. On the back of the photo, a note puts the time at two minutes after the blast. But in the 1988 book in which the picture was reprinted, the editors placed it 20 to 30 minutes later. Would it be possible to assess the validity of these conflicting figures based solely on the evidence in the picture?
I reached out to American Institute of Physics nuclear historian Alex Wellerstein to see if a more definite answer were possible. He compared the image to other photos whose timestamps we more or less know, as well as to a chart prepared by Manhattan Project scientists depicting the cloud's progression. "In looking at those," he said, "it looks like it was taken slightly after another photo which is supposed to be the cloud at about 20,000 feet." That elevation -- 20,000 feet -- would have been reached about two to three minutes after the explosion, and this picture was taken slightly after that.
"There are photos taken about 10 minutes after, which show that the cloud is a really different shape at that point," he continued. Based on that timeline, he places this picture somewhere within the two-to-five-minute window, and rules out the 20-to-30-minute window.
Appendix to a report, "The Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki," prepared by the Manhattan Engineer District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, June 29, 1946. (Alex Wellerstein)
As you look at the photo, your mind inevitably turns to the people below. What was it like in those first few minutes after the bomb? I asked Wellerstein and he replied:
Most of the direct effects of the bomb are going to be delivered in the first 10 seconds or so -- and a lot of them faster than that. You've already got the first thing that happens, which is this huge amount of radiation and heat: Anybody who's exposed to radiation might not die instantly, but they're going to die to pretty soon, within a week or so. The heat is going to give people third-degree burns within a fairly wide radius.
A few seconds later there's this huge pressure blast. It's like a big puff of air. It blows in all the windows; it tips over the little stoves that they use for cooking breakfast. This happens at 8:15 or so in the morning, so it tips over all those little, tiny charcoal stoves. So by a couple of minutes, you've got the beginnings of a very large fire. It's not yet at a firestorm -- that happens pretty soon afterward -- but you've got all these little tiny fires, started either by the heat of the bomb itself or by the fact that all of these fire sources are knocked over and these Japanese houses are all made out of wood and paper.
And, as bad as that is, the worst was yet to come: "From a couple of minutes after and continuing for several hours, everything is on fire, everyone is confused. A lot of people are dead. A lot of people are dead but don't know it yet -- they've been exposed to fatal amounts of radiation. So it's pretty bad on the ground at that time." As the fire spreads, the winds pick up, creating tornado-like conditions which, as Father John A. Siemes -- a Catholic priest living at Novitiate of the Society of Jesus in Nagatsuke, about two kilometers away -- later remembered, "begins to uproot large trees, and lifts them high into the air."<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>As winter approaches, insects come up with a variety of strategies to survive the freezing temperatures of the season. Most head for some cover (including our homes!) where they will be partially insulated from the most severe effects of the weather.
But more fundamentally, insects undergo body changes that favor their cold-hardiness. One of the most common changes is that they produce glycerol in their blood -- a natural anti-freeze. Insects also can partially dehydrate their cells which further lowers their freezing point.
Furthermore, to ensure that the insect does not emerge prematurely during a winter warm spell, it goes into a state of semi-dormancy, known as diapause. Diapause can only be broken when the proper environmental signal is received, such as a critical day length or a minimum period of chilling. until the diapause signal occurs, insects remain dormant and inactive.
Photo: Connor Sedbrook
© CSU/Denver County Extension Master Gardener 2010
888 E. Iliff Avenue, Denver, CO 80210
Date last revised: 01/05/2010<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Japan is a land rich in myths, and the popular saying among the Japanese is that 8 million kami (Shinto deities) live there. Traveling in the San’in Chuo Region, made up of Tottori and Shimane Prefectures, I could feel the presence of these deities, along with other legendary creatures like the yokai, spirits that interact with people in everyday life. During this time of the year, there is a special reason for the supernatural vibe in the Izumo Region, which is home to many Shinto sanctuaries, including one of the two largest in Japan (along with Ise), Izumo taisha (出雲大社). It is in this location that all the kami in Japan gather once a year, and I was there to experience it.
The big shrine of Izumo Taisha
Izumo Taisha is one of the largest and oldest Shinto shrines in the archipelago, which is why it is designated a National Treasure. History is vague on exactly when it was established, and its origins go back to legendary times. It is said that it was built by the deities themselves to house one of them: Okuninushinomikoto, “the creator of all that exists”, also known as the founder of Japan and the divinity of en-musubi – having power over the destiny of human relationships. Its buildings have taken various forms throughout the ages, and the current building dates back to 1744. But the notion of “old stones” is totally foreign to Shinto culture; the shrine is a spiritual place, not simply a physical construction, and this is reflected in the ritual reconstruction of the sanctuary every 60 years (though in recent times, the reconstruction of the roof is only partial, not total).
The sanctuary is vast and consists of many buildings, and is accessed by a path lined with pine trees. The center of the path is off-limits to visitors because it is the path reserved to be taken by kami.
As is the custom, the honden, the main hall which houses the deity, is surrounded by a palisade and is not accessible; the ceremonies are held in other buildings. The honden of Izumo Taisha is the tallest in Japan with its hinoki bark roof rising to 24 meters. But the legend, which has been proven by a recent archaeological discovery, claims it was once twice as high, perched on high pillars and connected to the ground by a long walkway.
Home to an en-musubi deity, Izumo Taisha is an ideal place for weddings. The kaguraden holds shimenawa sacred rope adorning the building where these wedding ceremonies are held. The rope here is one of the largest in Japan: 13.5 meters long and weighing 4.5 tons.
The Karasade-sai Ritual: Goodbye Kami
What makes the Izumo Taisha so sacred is that every year, during the 10th month of the lunar calendar, all of the kami of Japan meet here. This month is called Kannazuki (the month without gods) everywhere Japan except in Izumo, where it is instead called Kamiaritsuki (the month when the gods are present).
Many matsuri (festivals) in Izumo celebrate the arrival and departure of kami, so this tradition is taken very seriously by the locals here. The deities are welcomed during the Kamimukae-shinji, and the following seven days the inhabitants refrain from making too much noise to avoid disturbing them. The deities live in the jukusha, buildings with many doors which are only open when they are present.
I had the privilege of being able to attend the Karasade-sai ritual, the ceremony to celebrate the day the kami leave
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Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, Antifungal, rejuvenating, and tonic properties. The oil prepared with the juice of the leaves is very popular for relieving pains. Roots and leaves are used in eczema, ringworm and other skin diseases, liver disorders, spleen enlargement, rheumatic pain, gout, abscess, backache; seeds are used as vermicide. This plant is also proved for its cardioprotective property. It is also used to control population of mosquitoes.
Legal Disclaimer: All the products are for personal use and not for resale.The product description has not been evaluated by the food & drug administration(FDA). The product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any diseases. Information on this website is not an alternative to medical advice from your doctor or other professional healthcare provider. Please consult your physician, or health care provider before taking any home remedies. Read more about our disclaimer https://www.yogisherbs.com/medical-disclaimer/<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>A Mere Man Considers Breakfast.
A breakfast should consist:-
A. Of a fundamental dish.
B. Of one or more trifling accessories for the benefit of (1) thos who are so hungry that the fundamental dish does not suffice, and (2) those who feel so sick that they cannot touch it.
C. Of fresh fruit, stewed or tinned fruit, jam or marmalade.
D. Of drinks.
E. Of bread, toast, or scones.
The mere man then goes on to clarify the choices within each of these categories. Here they are, much summarised:
Fundamental dishes: ham or bacon, alone or in combination with other articles; eggs cooked in various ways; fish and allied products; “certain internal portions of the animal economy”; meats - chops, sausages, fricasees, curries, etc etc of different kinds hot or cold, including “meat pies of all sorts … [which] should be large: the smaller varieties contain an undue proportion of crust. … The very robust are willing to eat chops and steaks at breakfast. Men in training commonly do so. … The ordinary person eschews butchers meat [ie beef and mutton] at breakfast.”
Accessory dishes: boiled eggs; cold ham or gammon; sardines, in the tin or on toast; anchovies; potted meats; shrimp, bloater, or anchovy paste; mushrooms on toast; herring’s roes on toast; porridge and its allies; cold sausages of sorts.
Fruit and Vegetable products – including tomatoes, stewed rhubarb, tinned fruit, jam and marmalade and honey, and cream “is good with them all, especially Devonshire cream ….the best way of eating Devonshire cream is, however, unquestionably with cheap, black, highly flavoured treacle.”
Drinks: Tea, coffee, cocoa; “when fresh fruit is taken at the beginning of breakfast, a glass of hock is a suitable accompaniment. A glass of good light beer is excellent after breakfast, as they know very well at Westminster school.
Bread, etc. … hot buttered toast, dry toast, tea-cakes and scones – hot and buttered, cut bread and butter, white and brown bread, Vienna and other fancy breads, Hot rolls (for the reckless), Hot Cross buns on Good Friday.
In comparison with this list, the “traditional” English breakfast is a puny, unvarying, unimaginative thing – even such worthy entrants as the “10 deadly sins breakfast” served by the historic London restaurant Simpson’s-in-the-Strand doesn’t quite cut it. The ten sins offered at the venerable establishment are: Cumberland sausage, egg (fried, poached, or scrambled), streaky and back bacon, Stornoway black pudding, fried mushrooms, baked tomato, lamb kidney, bubble & squeak, baked beans, fried bread. Observe that includes neither pie in any form, nor a glass of hock or beer.
It seems that the range of breakfast choices was unquestionably greater a hundred-odd years ago. Bring back pie for breakfast, I say.
Here is a nice dainty dish, from the book – a very British-type of dish - presumably from the trifling accessory range, not the fundamental one.
Ingredients: two eggs, toast, butter, essence of anchovy, capers.
Time required: Ten minutes. Prepare slices of buttered toast cut into rounds or fingers. Melt a little butter in an omelette pan. As it dissolves, stir into it two beaten eggs, half a teaspoonful of essence of anchovy an dhalf a teaspoonful of chopped capers and pepper. Spread the mixture on the toast and serve hot.
Quotation for the Day.
Sure I eat what I advertise. Sure I eat Wheaties for breakfast. A good bowl of Wheaties with bourbon can't be beat.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>標題：波蘭JSW公司與日本公司間達成二氧化碳排放權交易協議
資料來源：Polish News Bulletin 2008/3/
文號：099
波蘭JSW(Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa)採礦公司與日本「中國電力株式會社」於2008年3月14日達成一項協議，JSW將2008至2012間向該株式會社出售共約30萬噸之二氧化碳排放權，波方除可藉此減低排放污染度外，每年並可取得約100萬波幣之收入。
主辦單位：<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Let’s assume you’ve got two computer systems in the home and you also desire to link them together to enable you to effortlessly share a net connection between the 2 devices or transfer pictures, music along with other files from a single computer to a different. How will you do that?
Connect Two Computer Systems having an Ethernet Cable
There are two main choices – you are able to either purchase a router or, you can connect the two computers using a commonly-available cable if you are looking for something more simple and don’t want to spend money on new networking hardware. The latter technique doesn’t include any complicated system settings and you’ll nevertheless be in a position to share files, net connection, and also printers between computer systems.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>When it comes to kindergarten, no day is typical. It's a time for extraordinary growth as students establish a love of learning and an excitement for school.
Generally, the day starts with greeting, sharing, news and announcements. Students are involved in reading-related activities for about two hours each day and math-related activities for about an hour. Students also work with specialists in physical education, art, music and digital learning. There are snacks and lunch, and usually time for free play. There may also be rest time, especially at the beginning of the year.
Hear from Sioux Trail kindergarten teacher Aimee Hagen about a typical day in her classroom!
Learn more about kindergarten in District 191, including enrollment information.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Nottingham is one of the cities in England. Nottingham is the ninth-largest city in the United Kingdom with a population of over 330,000.
The city is connected to the famous Robin Hood, Nottingham used to be the location where Robin Hood lived.
Nottingham is a significant city for tourism. Many visitors come from outside of the United Kingdom to visit Nottingham.
Nottingham is currently the sixth-largest revenue-generating city in the nation. Nottingham is also associated with the manufacturing of lace, the tobacco industry, and bicycles.
Nottingham is renowned for its amazing transportation system. The system of transportation is one of the biggest networks of transportation in the nation. The city is home to a modern railway station and a modern cable car structure to transport passengers.
Based upon our research, the Nottingham population will be 337,309 as of the 1st July in 2022. We consider the one day in July every year because the Office for National Statistics (ONS) typically releases the estimated population numbers for the same period.
This calculation relies upon the annual growth rate of 0.89 percent over the past 10 years starting in 2011. We believe that using the latest numbers from the previous years (see our table in the following section) will help make the estimate more precise.
Table of Contents
Population Growth of Nottingham
When you consider the population growth of Nottingham in the last 10 years and the rate of growth, the population is gradual and constant.
The rate of increase is ranging from 0.56 percent up to 1.33 percent, adding between 1,800 to 4,100 residents every year.
|Year||Population||The rate of increase|
Demographics of Nottingham
A variety of ethnic groups exist in Nottingham. Whites comprise the biggest group of citizens living in Nottingham (84.91 percent) The British whites make up 81.05 percent of the total population. Other whites include Irish white (1.36 percent) and whites from other countries (2.5 percent). Other ethnic groups include Asians (7.4 percent), Blacks (4.34 percent) and Mixed (3.13 percentage), Arabs (0.47 percent).
English is by far the largest commonly spoken of all languages In Nottingham, 87.4 percent of Nottingham’s population speaks English. Other languages spoken are Polish 2.23 percent Arabic 0.78 percentage, Urdu 1.39 percent Punjabi 0.84 percent French 0.29 percent, Portuguese 0.28 percentage, Greek 0.23 percent, and Greek 0.23 percent.
Based on the census of 2011, Christianity is the major religion of the city. 44.23 percent of people comprised of Christians, 0.67 are Buddhist, 0.35 percent are Jews, Muslims are 8.81 percent of the population. Hindu religion is practiced in 1.47 percent of residents, and non-religious people comprise 34.99 percent of the population.
Population Density of Nottingham
The density of population in Nottingham is 4,359 inhabitants per square km. Nottingham is denser than other cities around England.
Facts About Nottingham
- The legendary Rodin Hood was a resident of Nottingham.
- The Goose Fair in Nottingham is among the oldest festivals across the world. It’s a traveling carnival that began around 1284. The goose fair was held during the beginning of October each year on the recreation grounds for the forest.
- Ibuprofen is known as a pain killer came to be discovered in Nottingham Forest by a pharmacist working within the City.
- The bell with the deepest tone, referred to by the name of Little John is present in Nottingham. The bell is rung every fifteen minutes , and when it is struck, the bell’s sound can be heard from seven miles from the spot that the bell is located.
- Two universities are located within the city. These are Nottingham Trent University and the more well-known University of Nottingham forest.
- George Green is a scientist from Nottingham His work helped to develop the area of materials science. George was well-known by the genius of physics, Albert Einstein.
The following links provide data for this topic:
- Nottingham City Council: http://jsna.nottinghamcity.gov.uk
- Nottingham History: http://www.nottshistory.org.uk
- Office for National Statistics: https://www.ons.gov.uk<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Maranello, 22 ottobre 2018 – Mikkel Mac è il campione 2018 dell’International GT Open. Il pilota danese ha conquistato il titolo con la Ferrari del Luzich Racing insieme ad Alessandro Pier Guidi, con il quale in questa stagione ha conquistato quattro affermazioni parziali comandando la classifica fin dalla prima gara. Il danese ha battuto la coppia della BMW del Teo Martin Motorsport formata da Fran Rueda e Andres Saravia. L’ultima vittoria di stagione è andata alla Lamborghini di Agostini-Breukers.
La gara. Al via Rueda ha mantenuto la prima posizione davanti a Venturini (Lamborghini), Pier Guidi e Basso (BMW) che poco dopo è andato in testacoda costringendo la direzione gara a fare uscire la Safety Car. Al giro cinque la corsa è ripartita e Venturini è riuscito a superare Rueda, al quale si è subito attaccato Pier Guidi che tuttavia non aveva alcun bisogno di attaccare il rivale per il titolo.
Il secondo posto è abbastanza. Rueda è stato il primo a entrare al box per il cambio pilota seguito al giro successivo da Pier Guidi. Il team Luzich Racing è stato velocissimo in pitlane rimandando in pista Mac nettamente davanti alla BMW e addirittura al comando della corsa. Mac comandava con quattro secondi di vantaggio su Breukers che si avvicinava alla Ferrari e la superava agevolato dal danese che aveva comprensibilmente in mente solo il titolo. Il secondo posto è stato infatti più che sufficiente per chiudere in modo trionfale una stagione condotta al comando dall’inizio alla fine.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>معنوی نژاد: برد برابر بلغارستان در جایگاه مان در جدول تاثیر زیادی داشت
دیجیپا: ستاره تیم ملی والیبال ایران در شب پیروزی برابر بلغارستان اظهار داشت: در بقیه بازی ها شرایط بهتری برای ما تولید شود و به مرحله بعد صعود نماییم.
به گزارش دیجیپا به نقل از ایسنا، محمد جواد معنوی نژاد پس از درخشش در دیدار با بلغارستان در چارچوب مسابقات قهرمانی جهان تصریح كرد: این بازی برای ما خیلی مهم بود چونكه كمك می كرد تا جایگاه خوبی در جدول داشته باشیم و در بقیه بازی ها شرایط بهتری برای ما تولید شود و به مرحله بعد صعود نماییم.
وی در ادامه خاطرنشان كرد: بلغارستان خیلی خوب بازی كرد و این بازی برای آن ها خیلی مهم بود. اگر این بازی را می بردند، راه آن ها برای صدرنشینی هموار می شد اما ما خیلی خوب بودیم و توانستیم برنده باشیم.
معنوی نژاد در واكنش به كسب ۲۱ امتیاز و درخشش در این دیدار تصریح كرد: خدا را شكر می كنم كه برنده بودیم و من هم توانستم عضو كوچك تیم برای برنده شدن باشم.
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نظرات بینندگان در مورد این مطلب<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Giovanni XXIII, il Papa buono Il Papa buono
St 2012110 min
Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli è stato eletto il 28 ottobre del 1958. Sarà papa soltanto per 4 anni, 7 mesi e 6 giorni. Doveva essere un anziano "papa di transizione". In realtà ha operato la transizione della Chiesa nell'avvenire, ha lasciato un ricordo indelebile ed ha scavato un solco insormontabile tra un 'prima' e un 'dopo' nella storia della Chiesa del nostro tempo. Il film-documento "Il papa buono" ripercorre tutte le tappe della lunga storia di Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, figlio di contadini bergamaschi, per capire chi fu veramente il 262 successore di Pietro, per capire cosa ci sia, in realtà, dietro quell'etichetta di 'papa buono': un'etichetta che rischia di essere riduttiva fuorviante, rischia di evidenziare solo la melassa dei sentimenti, le immagini rassicuranti e non gli spigoli, i tagli, le incisioni profonde da lui operate nel corpo della Chiesa. Non si capisce in realtà Giovanni XXIII se non si considera che in lui ci fu bontà, non sprovvedutezza, semplicità non semplicismo, disponibilità non credulità, coraggio non temerarietà, speranza non illusione. Ai prelati della curia aveva detto: "La chiesa non è un museo da custodire, ma un giardino da coltivare". Ai diplomatici della Santa Sede aveva suggerito: "Scuotete la polvere imperiale accumulata sul trono di Pietro da Costantino in poi". Ai custodi della fede aveva ricordato: "La Chiesa deve usare la medicina della misericordia, non la severità della condanna". Fu un antesignano dell'ecumenismo; diceva ai cristiani di tutte le fedi, d'Oriente e d'Occidente: "Cerchiamo sempre ciò che ci unisce, non ciò che ci divide". Fu difensore del popolo ebraico perseguitato e si adoperò per mettere in salvo gli ebrei in fuga che transitavano dalla Turchia diretti in Palestina; a loro scrisse: "Sento costantemente le vostre voci". Primo fra i Pontefici di Roma iniziò la politica del disgelo nei confronti del nemico di sempre: l'Unione Sovietica; disse "È giunto il momento di distinguere l'errore dall'errante".<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>1、排气管冒黑烟：毛病断定：真毛病。原因剖析：标明混合气过浓，焚烧不完全。主要原因是货车发起机超负荷，气缸压力缺乏，发起机温度过低，化油器调整不当，空气滤芯堵塞，单个气缸不作业及点火过迟等。扫除时，应及时检查阻风门是否完全翻开，必要时进行检修；熄火后从化油器口看主喷管，若有油注出或滴油，则浮子室油面过高，应调整到规则规模，拧紧或更换主量孔；空气滤清器堵塞，应清洗、疏通或更换。
2、车辆的排气管排出蓝色的烟雾：毛病断定：真毛病。原因剖析：是因为大量机油进入气缸，而又不能完全焚烧所致。拆下火花塞，即可发现严峻的积炭现象。需检查机油尺油面是否过高；气缸与活塞空隙是否过大；活塞环是否装反；进气门导管是否磨损或密封圈是否损坏；气缸垫是否烧蚀等，必要时应予以修复。
3、车辆排气管冒白烟，冷车时严峻，热车后就
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تر، معلوم شد اشتباه کرده بودم و فقط سایه درختهای نزدیک خانه بود که در مقابل پنجره اتاق خواب میرقصد، و تصویری از حرکت را از داخل خانه به نظر میرساند.
چند دقيقه پس از تلفن لانس، آليسون در ال وود به ما ملحق شد،سردردش خوشبختانه بهبود یافته بود، مرتباً به من ميگفت: «آن قرص هایی که به من دادی هدیۀ خدائی بودند.»در لباس تابستانی آبی اش درخشان جلوه می کرد، در حالی که یک پرس دنده می بلعید…
978-6005595215<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Duecentosettasei migranti sono stati oggi tratti in salvo al largo di Lampedusa. Lo rende noto su Twitter Sea Watch, dopo che aveva segnalato due imbarcazioni in difficoltà rilevate da Seabird. Un gommone con 55 persone a bordo è stato salvato, riporta la Ong, da Emergency. L'altra imbarcazione, con 221 persone a bordo, è stata salvata dalla Guardia costiera italiana.
La Guardia costiera italiana inoltre ha soccorso un peschereccio in difficoltà con circa 600 persone a bordo che si trovava in zona Sar maltese. L'imbarcazione è stata raggiunta circa 140 miglia a sud delle coste della Sicilia Sud Orientale nonostante le cattive condizioni meteo, e i migranti ora saranno trasferiti in Sicilia, probabilmente divisi tra Augusta e Catania.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>I have been thinking a lot about the type of reflection we ask our students to do and why we do it. In context of attempting to create an educational culture that’s enables and fosters creativity, reflection is an important tool. At the moment when our students reflect on their learning it is in a journal form, mainly written in a book. This has obvious limitations. The most noticeable one is that the only people that will see this reflection are the child who has written it and (maybe) the teacher.
We are attempting to create an environment where each child is inundated with as many ideas as possible. Creativity is often born from the individual’s ability to take two or three disparate ideas, join them together in a way no one else can see and by doing so create a brand new idea.
If a child is not constantly accessing different ideas then the opportunity to do this is limited. If only using the reflection model of a journal in a book, spoken of previously, as only 2 people will be inputting into the reflection, there is the potential that neither the child nor the teacher has any good ideas what so ever and therefore that creative process becomes limited.
I have been working with Richard Olsen from Ideas Lab on this matter and together we have been experimenting with a reflection template built in a Buddy Press platform.This emulates a social network eg Facebook which allows for a flow of ideas, plus other things such as peer to peer learning.
At the moment I am using this template in a project I am working on (alongside Kristen Swenson) using the game Minecraft. The students driving question for this project was “can you teach an area of our schools curriculum through the game Minecraft” (yes – they were doing some research for me). When it come time to reflect they login to their template where they have all created their own profile and they fill in a fairly simple form.
The power of this system is that as it operates as a social network each child can go to any other students reflection, read it and leave a comment with some advice, something they had noticed, some encouragement etc. Furthermore all of the groups that are forming up around the project question are listed down the left hand side. Each student can go and look at the other projects reflection and read, comment etc. At any stage a student is able to leave their own project and join another group if they realise that it is more suited to them or they have more to add in that project than their current one. A number of students have done exactly that over the term strengthening the new projects they have joined as well as inspiring their own creative thinking by having an influx of new ideas coming at them all the time.
As the teacher at no stage have I had to limit the students by my own lack of knowledge.
This reflective template also draws ideas from the iterative reflective cycle used by software developers using the Agile Methodology as their base.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>A 13-year-old boy from the UK has just become the youngest person to build a fully functioning nuclear reactor. The teen’s science venture is absolutely putting the rest of our kid’s projects – the exploding volcanoes, orbiting planets and the other typical offerings – into complete ignominy.
According to UPI on Thursday, his fusion reactor was completed on Tuesday and tested the following day. In a controlled environment at school before an audience of experts, Jamie flipped the switch and created fusion.
How did it all start?
“One day,” Jamie recalls, “I was looking on the Internet for radiation or other aspects of nuclear energy.” (As we all do when Internet surfing, just after we watch a video of a cat farting and before we Google what the Kardashians had for brunch today.)
Jamie came across the Wikipedia page of Taylor Wilson, who in 2008, at age 14, became the youngest person to produce nuclear fusion.
“I looked at it,” Jamie says, “and I thought 'that looks cool' and decided to have a go.”
The Priory Academy student from Lancashire loves challenging himself with science, so much so that he used to try to steal his older brother’s science homework – so that he could do it himself.
The Lancashire Evening Post calls Jamie a delightful “young boffin,” and tells the story of how the young “fusioneer’s” project came about:
Trying to raise the funds wasn’t easy. Jamie said: “I went to various nuclear laboratories and universities and they didn’t seem to take me seriously.”
So, he went to his head teacher Jim Hourigan in October.
Jamie added: “I had to give a presentation and talk to him about safety, the benefits and what could go right or wrong. I needed £2,000 ($3,400) and he said he would fund it and also put £1,000 into a contingency fund so that myself and others could continue my work as I would like to make it energy efficient.”
Mr. Hourigan added: “I was a bit stunned and I have to say a little nervous when Jamie suggested this but he reassured me he wouldn’t blow the school up.”
Jamie also kept a blog tracking his progress. Eventually, his research and efforts paid off: Edwards smashed two atoms of hydrogen together, creating helium. Nuclear fusion.
Jamie calls it a “star in a jar,” and essentially, that’s what it is. Solar gas clouds made of mostly hydrogen molecules are pulled together and packed so densely, that nuclear fusion will begin to occur in the core of a forming star. This process will continue; once all of the energy is used up, the star dies.
“Basically I made a star in a jar,” the teen said. “It’s amazing really, quite a feat, to be the youngest person in the world to do this… All my friends think I am mad.”
Jamie’s record-breaking endeavor came just in time – he turns 14 on Sunday.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>建设是为了传播 增效凝胶 在指甲表面，使指甲变得饱满光滑，使指甲表面更加美观细腻；同时可以让指甲变得更加坚韧，而且在卸甲的时候只需要去除颜色即可。它还可以呵护您的指甲
如何使用助洗剂凝胶？
助剂凝胶的主要作用是什么？
助洗剂凝胶配方
1. 的 增效凝胶 需要加灯加固，防止部分顾客指甲太细容易折断。
2.涂上助洗剂后，一般不用清水擦拭，直接上色即可。
3. 如果指甲厚度足够，可以不使用增效剂。builder gel主要针对指甲特别薄的顾客。涂上强化凝胶后，可以增加指甲的硬度和厚度，避免甲油凝胶在短时间内开裂翘曲的问题。
助剂凝胶的主要作用是防止胶水开裂，增加指甲的厚度，同时加强甲油表面的硬度。普通甲油涂上后，往往会因刮花造成甲油表面出现裂纹和划痕，降低美甲美感。涂上美甲凝胶后，可以让原本纤细的指甲发生变化，减少指甲断裂的风险。并且可以保护指甲油的表面，可以减少划痕的发生，提高指甲油的使用寿命。
有很多食谱可以用 增效凝胶.助洗剂凝胶是一种透明、浓稠的凝胶，用于修整和塑造指甲。它可用于创建任何类型的指甲设计，从简单到复杂。
以下是助洗剂凝胶指甲的一些配方：
- 简约法式美甲：在整个指甲上涂上裸色底色。然后，使用增白剂凝胶，沿着指甲尖画一条细线。在紫外线或 LED 灯下固化 2 分钟。最后涂上面漆。
-Ombre Nails：首先在整个指甲上涂上浅色底漆。然后，使用颜色较深的增效凝胶，在指甲的底角制作一个小三角形。使用刷子或手指将三角形的边缘向上混合到指甲尖，直到获得所需的外观。在紫外线或 LED 灯下固化 2 分钟。最后涂上面漆。
- 闪光重点指甲：在整个指甲上涂上底色，并在紫外线或 LED 灯下固化 2 分钟。然后，使用闪粉助剂凝胶，将闪粉涂抹在指甲的所需区域并再次固化 2 分钟。最后涂上面漆。
unna 天生就是色彩专家。我们有 900 种颜色的全色系列供您选择和搭配。unna 的颜色灵感来自许多来源，例如源自青金石的“群青”。例如，胭脂红是从胭脂虫中提取的。我们也从艺术家的画作中寻找灵感，比如我们的普鲁士蓝等。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>You might be surprised to learn portion sizes for kids just aren’t that big. Our society suffers from “portion distortion” and the concept that bigger is better, according to the US Department of Health and Human Services. In an effort to help prevent childhood, and thus, adult obesity, we have some tips to share to help keep your child’s serving sizes appropriate.
Make it a habit to put small servings of a few different foods on your children’s plates. If they finish the servings, they can always ask for more or try another food on the plate. At each meal, try to include servings of a fruit, a vegetable, a protein, a dairy, and a grain. The new MyPlate guidelines from the US Department of Agriculture recommends that half of a 6- to 7-inch plate be filled with fruits and vegetables according to the serving size recommendations for your child's age.
Encourage your kids to pay attention to their bellies, and to alert you when they start to feel full. Forcing your children to finish all their food teaches them to overeat. The habit of overeating can override their ability to stop eating when they are full. Urge children to try each of the foods on their plates instead of finishing everything. Download our free portion size tip sheet to ensure your kids get the proper nutrition and food amounts.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>به گزارش خبرگزاری مهر، علی لاریجانی که برای شرکت در دهمین اجلاس اتحادیه مجالس کشورهای عضو سازمان همکاری اسلامی به ترکیه سفر کرده است، امروز (چهارشنبه یکم بهمن ماه) با سردار ایاز، رئیس مجلس پاکستان دیدار و گفتوگو کرد.
لاریجانی در ابتدای این دیدار با اشاره به روابط اقتصادی و سیاسی ایران با پاکستان گفت: روابط سیاسی و اقتصادی بین ایران و پاکستان می تواند بسیار بیشتر از حد کنونی ارتقاء یابد.
رئیس مجلس در این دیدار در خصوص مسئله تروریسم گفت: از عملیات تروریستی که مدتی قبل در پاکستان رخ داد بسیار ناراحت شدیم این موضوع ایجاب می کند که همکاری های دو کشور در زمینه مبارزه با تروریسم ارتقاء یابد.
وی یادآور شد: باید مسائل جزئی که مانع تسهیل روابط تجاری بین دو کشور شده هر چه زودتر رفع شود.
در ادامه این دیدار سردار ایاز، رئیس مجلس پاکستان گفت: همواره از دیدار با شما خوشحال بودم و معمولا در کنفرانس های بین المللی موضوع دیدار با شما را پیگیری می کنیم.
رئیس مجلس پاکستان خطاب به لاریجانی افزود: پیام تسلیت شما به دلیل وقوع حادثه تروریستی در پاکستان در مجلس قرائت شد و تمامی نمایندگان مجلس پاکستان از ابراز همدردی شما قدردانی کردند.
وی ادامه داد: پاکستان تلاش می کند تا موانع در زمینه ارتقاء سطح همکاری های اقتصادی بین دو کشور رفع شود.
سردار ایاز در پایان این دیدار یادآور شد: کشورهای غربی دوست ندارند ایران و پاکستان در زمینه های مختلف پیشرفت کنند بنابراین دو کشور باید با استفاده از ظرفیت های خود و همکاری دو جانبه زمینه توسعه روز افزون کشورهایشان را فراهم کنند.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Top model Bar, her zamanki gibi çok spor ve çok tatlı görünüyor.
Son moda kısacık kot şortu çok güzel. Aslında sen de elinin altında duran ve çok fazla giymediğin eski bir kotunun paçalarını keserek bunun gibi bir şorta sahip olabilirsin:) Altına giydiği kalın siyah çorapları da olmazsa olmaz! Siyah çizmeleri spor ve şortun altında çok güzel görünüyor. Üstüne giydiği siyah ceket kıyafetiyle uyumlu. Boynuna doladığı leopar desenli şal ise tarzına renk katmış ve çok hoş duruyor.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Immigration may be at the center of the American political debate, but a new Harvard University study shows Americans are missing a crucial piece of information.
Generally, people believe that immigrants are poorer, more dependent on welfare, and more numerous than they really are. That’s according to study published last month by the National Bureau of Economic Research, based on a 2018 survey in six developed countries.
Respondents in all of the countries held strong misconceptions about immigrants and their contributions to society, according to the poll’s results. But the discrepancy between perception and reality was particularly striking in the United States.
One example: On average, US respondents estimated that immigrants made up 36% of the US population. That is more than three times the real share of immigrants in the country, which is 10%.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>90’ların Futbolcuları, Günümüzün Teknik Direktörleri
En son güncellendiği tarih: 11 Nis 2020
PEP GUARDIOLA
30 Nisan 1989’da saat 19:00’da 18 yaşındaki bir “sarhoş” Barcelona şehir merkezindeki Gran Via Carles III’deki diskoya giriyor. Bir damla alkol almasa da bu uzun ince genci iki şey sarhoş etti.
İlki öğleden sonra izlediği Barcelona maçıydı: Real Oviedo’yu 7-1 ile ezmişlerdi. Camp Nou oldukça yakındaydı. İkincisi ise bardaki esmer kadın. “Slow şarkılar çaldığı an ona dans etmeyi teklif edecektim” diye hatırlıyor genç. “Ancak La Masia’dan birisi gelip as takım ile Banyoles’e gitmem gerektiğini söyledi.
Artık esmer kadına dans teklif edemezdim. Aklımda başka şeyler vardı.”Bir hafta sonra Sampdoria’ya karşı oynayacakları Kupa Galipleri Kupası finalinden ötürü as oyuncular dinlendirilirken, genç oyuncu 6-2 kazandıkları bu hazırlık maçının ilk yarısında forma giydi. Ancak teknik direktör Johan Cruyff, performansından hiç etkilenmemiş, “Babaannemden daha yavaştın” demişti.
Pep Guardiola, Barcelona kariyerinin başlamadan bittiğini düşündü! “Daha sonra öğrendim ki Johan bunu motivasyonel bir strateji olarak herkese söylermiş” diye açıklamıştı 2001’deki biyograisi La Meva Gent, el Meu Futbol’da (Benim İnsanlarım, Benim Futbolum). “Cruyff, alev alacak kadar iyi olduğunuzda üstünüze su dökerdi. Sizi övmesi için ancak basının ağır eleştirilerine maruz kalmanız gerekirdi.”
Bu şanssız başlangıçtan bir yıl sonra, 1990 yazında, Cruyff takımdan ayrılan Luis Milla’nın yerine bir orta sahaya ihtiyaç duydu. Bu oyuncu, geriden direkt oynayabilmeliydi. Gözlemci Oriol Tort “Tanrılar gibi oynayan birisini buldum” dediğinde Cruyff, Pep’i izlemek istedi. Bu yüzden B takımına gitti. Ancak Pep oyuna bile girmedi! “Isınmadı bile” diye bağırdı teknik direktör Charly Rexach’a. “Eğer en iyisiyse neden oynamıyor ?”Cruyff’a Pep’in üstün bir oyun görüşüne sahip olduğunu ancak güçlü ya da dinamik olmadığını söylediler. “İyi bir oyuncu güçlü bir fiziğe ihtiyaç duymaz” diye itiraz ederek Guardiola’yı as takıma aldı ve her antrenmanda bağırmaya başladı: “İki ayağın var! Lanet olsun, iki ayağın var!”
“O antrenmanlar zordu” diyor Guardiola. “Söyleneni o kadar kötü yapıyordum ki Cruyff bana orada ne işim olduğunu soruyordu. Neyse ki yaşım küçüktü ve değişmek için harcayabileceğim enerjiye sahiptim. ” O sıska genç, dört kez La Liga’yı ve 1992 yılında eski Wembley’de ilk kez Avrupa Kupası’nı kazanan Cruyff’un Rüya Takımı’nın kilit oyuncularından birisi haline geldi.“Guardiola topu çabuk kontrol edip, çabuk pas verebiliyordu” demişti Cruyff. “Topu iyi bir şekilde verdiğinden, topu alan oyuncu bir şeyler yapabiliyordu.”
Guardiola, futbolun ilgili öğrencilerinden birisiydi. Henüz 21 yaşınd
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attro di questi nuovi pianeti sono piu’ piccoli di un fattore 2,5 rispetto alle dimensioni della Terra e orbitano nella zona di abitabilita’ della loro stella, definita come quella regione di spazio dove la temperatura superficiale di un pianeta puo’ essere tale da permettere all’acqua di trovarsi in forma liquida.
Quest’ultima scoperta porta il numero di pianeti confermati al di fuori del nostro Sistema Solare a 1783. Si veda per questo, The Extrasolar Planet Encyclopaedia – L’enciclopedia dei pianeti extrasolari che viene continuamente aggiornata.
E’ un ulteriore passo in avanti verso una maggiore comprensione del posto che occupiamo nella nostra Galassia.
Fonte NASA Kepler: 715 Newly Verified Planets More Than Triples the Number of Confirmed Kepler Planets – http://kepler.nasa.gov/news/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=324
NASA – Digital Press Kit – Kepler Planet Bonanza – http://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/digital-press-kit-kepler-planet-bonanza/
Sabrina<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Samsung, yeni modeli Galaxy S5 ile ilgili yayınladığı reklamda iPhone’un şarjına gönderme yapıyor.
Son reklamlarında iPhone’a gönderme yapan Samsung, Galaxy S5 ile ilgili yayınladığı yeni reklamda yine iPhone’a gönderme yaptı.
Yayınladığı yeni reklamda iPhone’un şarj sorununa değinen Samsung, Galaxy S5’te yer alan güç tasarruf modu sayesinde bu problemin yaşanmadığını vurguluyor.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>سه شنبه ۳ بهمن ۱۳۹۶ ایران ۰۰:۰۷
۷ روز تا انتخابات: ۷ نکته درباره روسای جمهوری آمریکا: از بلندترین تا جوانترین
بیش از دو قرن است که ایالات متحده آمریکا شاهد برگزاری انتخابات ریاست جمهوری بوده است.
بر اساس مفاد قانون اساسی آمریکا، نامزد ریاست جمهوری باید حداقل ۳۵ ساله باشد.
او باید متولد آمریکا بوده و دستکم چهارده سال در آمریکا زندگی کرده باشد. در زیر به هفت واقعیت جالب در تاریخ این انتخابات اشاره می کنیم.
- جوانترین رئیس جمهوری منتخب آمریکا جان اف کندی بود که در ۴۳ سالگی وارد کاخ سفید شد. مسن ترین رئیس جمهوری منتخب نیز رونالد ریگان بود که در آغاز دومین دوره خدمتش ۷۳ سال داشت.
- خانم هیلاری کلینتون اولین زنی است که از سوی یک حزب اصلی آمریکا، حزب دموکرات، برای نامزدی در انتخابات ریاست جمهوری منتخب شد.
- بلند قد ترین رئیس جمهوری آمریکا آبراهام لینکلن با ۱۹۵ سانتی متر قد و کوتاه ترین رئیس جمهوری آمریکا جیمز مدیسون با ۱۶۵ سانتی متر قد بود.
- جیمز بیوکنن، پانزدهمین رئیس جمهوری آمریکا و معاصر با سلطنت ناصر الدین شاه، تنها رئیس جمهوری مجرد آمریکا بوده است. او هرگز ازدواج نکرد. رونالد ریگان نیز تنها رئیس جمهوری مطلقه بود که وارد کاخ سفید شده است.
- در تاریخ ریاست جمهوری آمریکا، هشت تن از روسای جمهوری حین خدمت در این سمت جان خود را از دست دادند. چهار تن از آنها ترور شدند و چهار تن دیگر به مرگ طبیعی دچار شدند.
- مراسم تحلیف ریاست جمهوری آمریکا از سال ۱۸۰۱ تا کنون با اجرای گروه موسیقی نیروی دریایی آمریکا برگزار شده است.
- اولین زنی که نامزد انتخابات ریاست جمهوری آمریکا شد خانم ویکتوریا وودهال، اصلاح طلب سنت شکن آمریکایی بود که در سال ۱۸۷۲ در انتخابات شرکت کرد. او از مدافعان حق رأی زنان، عشق آزاد، و سوسیالیسم عرفانی بود.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>原题目：均匀工资为930万美元！勇士终结中锋期间，丛林狼队5人首轮将成为乐柄
对待本年淡季的勇士来说，佩顿、贝利扎和波特等替补球员摆脱并不疾苦。由于他们完结了目前最艰苦的手术，那即是摆脱凯文·鲁尼，勇士队正在三年内只花了2550万美元。鲁尼的外部评估起码为1000万年薪。鲁尼是勇士队第五小学最合头的一面。正如科尔所说，没有鲁尼，良众勇士的阵容都很难操纵。鲁尼正在防守、篮板、吃蛋糕和防滚认识方面都是勇士队第五的谜底。
这即是为什么咱们会说丛林狼队没有供应鲁尼，但索哈戈贝尔是疯了。戈贝尔以至会让爵士队返回五个首轮选秀权，蕴涵一个首轮新秀、三个未受扞卫的首轮签约和一个受扞卫的首轮。正在当今期间，戈贝尔不如鲁尼值钱。
看看过去几年全体获胜球队中锋的加入。汤普森正在骑士队夺冠那年的年薪是1430万，加索尔正在猛龙队夺冠那年的年薪是2410万，湖人队麦基的年薪是150万，雄鹿队洛佩斯的年薪是1270万，勇士队15年的冠军中锋博古特的年薪是1290万。
之后，勇士队又博得了三次总冠军，而中锋无间是鲁尼520万。正在博得冠军的八支球队中，他们正在中锋处所上的均匀年薪为930万美元。这也是为什么太阳队不念给阿顿最高工资的来由。念要博得冠军的球队不行给中锋供应高薪。
贝尔下个赛季的薪水是3820万美元，而艾顿也欲望拿到最高的薪水。惟有勇士队暗暗续签了鲁尼的合同，因而良众球队都没有发掘鲁尼的价钱。正在追赶中锋的流程中，他们忘掉了鲁尼的存正在。
无论是格伯仍是唐斯，纵然是恩比德也很容易成为军训的苛重防守队员，纵然是布希正在一再受伤的情景下也无法告竣安祥的换防才干。目前，全同盟具有无尽换防才干的中锋惟有迈阿密的阿德巴约和勇士的鲁尼。
凯雷巴的薪水最高，鲁尼的年薪横跨800万。我以为勇士仍旧抹杀了中锋期间。正在异日，像鲁尼如此的中锋将是大局所趋，而不是过去四位中锋主导的期间。NBA是相仿的逛戏，但也有版本的蜕变。
正在同盟越来越速、越来越小、越来越准确的期间，小球的崛起不是且则的，而是一种行之有用的打法。
以是，爵士乐的血液，高薪戈贝尔是谢绝易生意，以是，他们也获得了这样强壮的回报，从丛林狼队。只可说安吉真的很好。当凯尔特人队的时期，安吉通过生意老伟人从篮下吸血。塔特姆和布朗都是通过网上签约取得天资的。可能说，绿军正在季后赛中通过正在线签约重筑了我方的天资。
戈贝尔的加盟使丛林狼队造成了一支双塔球队，但很难说他们是否能进入季后赛。
自从巴特勒摆脱后，丛林狼队无间无法重返季后赛。结果，精神渠魁贝弗利插足，更正了文明，并对季后赛爆发了影响。现正在贝弗利被生意到爵士队，丛林狼队没有钢铁般的意志。相反，安吉可能通过这些丛林狼的征兵权告竣更大的宗旨。正如凯尔特人主教师格罗斯贝克（Grousbeck）对安吉（Angie）所说，“只须生意精确，丹尼·安吉（DannyAngie）就会生意他的母亲。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>[ad_1]
به گزارش خبرگزاری خبرآنلاین؛ نام علیرضا فغانی با اعتراض گسترده اهالی فوتبال به لیست بین المللی برگشت اما این بار نام یک داور جوان ۲۸ ساله به نام امیر عرب براقی از لیست خارج شد. امیر عرب براقی که برادر همسر فغانی است، اعلام کرد فریدون اصفهانیان حرصش را سر او خالی کرده و حالا نوبت اوست که این پرونده را به نهادهای نظارتی ببرد و از حق خودش دفاع کند. این گفتگو را حتما بخوانید
کمیته داوران فدراسیون فوتبال که نام علیرضا فغانی را از لیست بین المللی خارج کرده بود، در پی اعتراض گسترده اهالی فوتبال و با وتو شدن تصمیم فریدون اصفهانیان به دستور حیدر بهاروند، یک بار دیگر لیست را تغییر داد و این بار نام امیر عرب براقی داور جوان تهرانی را لیست خارج کرد. امیر عرب براقی که برادر همسر علیرضا فغانی است حالا به این تصمیم اعتراض دارد و می گوید علی اصغر مومنی به جای فغانی به لیست اضافه شده بود و وقتی فغانی برگشت، طبیعی بود علی اصغر مومنی تازه وارد از لیست خارج شود نه من که سال قبل هم در لیست داوران بین المللی ایران بودم.
امیر عرب براقی که باور ندارد به همین سادگی از لیست خارج شده باشد، گفت: من در کلاس آنلاین کنفدراسیون بودم، کلاس که تمام شد، خوابیدم و همین که بیدار شدم دیدم لیست جدید روی سایت فدراسیون است. جناب اصفهانیان وقتی لیست قبلی را نوشت، جرات نکرد آن را روی سایت فدراسیون بگذارد چون اسم علیرضا فغانی بزرگ را خارج کرده بود و می دانست به او حمله می شود اما حالا که در واکنش به اعتراض های درست و منطقی اهالی فوتبال، علیرضا فغانی که فخر داوری فوتبال ایران است به لیست برگشته، من را از لیست در آورده و بلافاصله هم لیست را روی سایت فدراسیون منتشر کرده است.
عرب براقی ادامه داد: مگر من در لیست بین المللی جانشین فغانی شده بودم که حالا با بازگشت ایشان، نام من را درآوردند؟ مومنی را به جای فغانی وارد لیست کرده بودند و الان هم باید او را خارج می کردند، نه من که سال قبل در ۲۷ سالگی وارد لیست بین المللی شدم. من در لیگ بیستم ۱۱ قضاوت داشتم، ۲ بازی حذفی را سوت زدم، ۵ بازی لیگ آزادگان را هم داوری کردم و عملکردم مشخص است. برای تربیت و پرورش من بالای یک میلیارد از بیت المال هزینه شده تا من دوره ببینم، حرفه ای شوم، به لیست بین المللی راه پیدا کنم، در لیست الیت قرار بگیرم، آن وقت جناب اصفهانیان برای مسائل شخصی و برای تسویه حساب با فغانی و خانواده اش، من را از لیست خارج می کند و به بیت المال لطمه می زند و هزینه روی دست داوری فوتبال ایران می گذارد. اصفهانیان زورش به فغانی نرسید، حرصش را سر من خالی کرد و می خواهد آینده داوری من را نابود کند. من کوتاه نمی آیم و حتما موضوع را از طریق نهادهای نظارتی پیگیری می کنم.
داور جوان تهرانی تاکید کرد: متاسفانه این وسط من قربانی دلخوری اصفهانیان از علیرضا فغانی شدم. ایشان آن زمان هم با علیرضا مشکل داشت چون درخواست هایی از فغانی داشت که فغانی زیربار نمی رفت. آن زمان هم خیلی تلاش کرد مانع پیشرفت علیرضا شود اما زورش نرسید و حالا هم وقتی با وجود بازنشسته بودن به کمیته داوران برگشت و سرپرست کمیته شد، در اولین اقدام علیرضا را از لیست درآورد که خودتان دیدید چه موجی راه افتاد و وقتی تصمیم او را وتو کردند و نتوانست با فغانی تسویه حساب کند، این بار حرصش را سر من خالی کرد. شاید فکر کرده اند این که بچه است و حرفی نمی زند ولی نه مطمئن باشید من کوتاه نمی آیم..
امیر عرب براقی همچنین به حرف هایی که در برنامه فوتبال برتر مطرح شد، اشاره کرد و گفت: من که نمی دانم موضوع چیست ولی در برنامه میثاقی شنیدم مدارکی هم وجود دارد که به دست رسانه ها رسیده و حتی در تلویزیون هم موجود است. خودم این مدارک را ندیدم و فقط شنیدم ولی نمی دانم چرا نهادهای نظارتی ورود نمی کنند؟ اگر واقعا پشت پرده رابطه ای وجود داشته و این رابطه باعث شده لیست تغییر کند، باید ورود شود. مگر می شود نظارتی نباشد؟ من حرف زور نمی زنم و زیر بار حرف زور هم نمی روم. من سال گذشته در دوره ریاست هدایت ممبینی در کمیته داوران وارد لیست بین المللی شدم، آن هم در ۲۷ سالگی، الان از لیست در بیایم، تا دو سال نمی توانم وارد لیست شوم و باید دوباره از اول دوره ها را پشت سر بگذارم، واقعا چرا؟ عملکردم بد بوده؟ من که به گفته کارشناسان یکی از ۵ داور برتر لیگ در سال گذشته بودم. چرا وقتی از لحاظ فنی ایرادی نداشتم باید قربانی مسائل پشت پرده شوم.
برادر همسر علیرضا فغانی در پایان گفت: برای علیرضا فغانی خوشحالم که به لیست برگشت. او اعتبار داوری ایران است و در هر رویدادی هم سوت بزند، نماینده ایران خواهد بود و اصلا خارج کردن نام او از لیست منطق نداشت. اگر نام فغانی در لیست قرار نمی گرفت، داوری ما و فوتبال ما ضرر می کرد. من هم از علیرضا فغانی و پدرم یاد گرفتم نه از کسی باج بخواهم و نه به کسی باج بدهم. حقم را می گیرم و اجازه نمی دهم از سکوتم اینگونه سواستفاده شود.
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Source link<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>By John Upton
Couple quick facts about Pacific bluefin tuna, a fish that’s sold as sushi, mostly in Japan:
1. A 490-pound specimen caught off northeastern Japan sold during a fish market auction for ¥155 million. That’s nearly $US1.8 million. For a single fish. The winning bidder, Kiyoshi Kimura, president a sushi restaurant chain, broke the record for the highest price paid for a single bluefin tuna. Kimura set the previous record of ¥65 million one year earlier. Read all about it.
2. The Pacific bluefin population has plummeted 96.4 percent because of decades of overfishing, scientists reported in a recent stock assessment. Pew Environment Group’s Amanda Nickson warned that the species “is in danger of all but disappearing.”
So get your bluefin sushi on while you can. Or don’t.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>红星回转窑生产石膏制粉的工艺流程
发布时间：2015-10-09 14:56:27作 者：
文章来源：http://www.xxzds.net/News/736.html 联系电话：15836198876
卧式振动电机能够广泛的应用在水电建设、火力发电、冶金、轻工等工业部门，但是在使用的过程中，会出现一些噪声很大的现象，造成这种现象是什么原因造成的呢？下面大汉振动电机厂家带您去了解一下卧式振动电机噪声过大怎么办？
在设计和制造振动电机时就应保证电机具有低的噪声。若电机在运转中有较高的噪声时，多数情况下很难用某种措施来降低它的噪声；万不得已时只的借助丽扳征一定程度上限制电机的噪声。
在重新设计电机时应该拟定保证降低噪声和振动的综合的结构工艺措施。同时必须注意到：由于没有可靠的计算方法，还不能确信实现所有被拟定的措施能达到所希望的降低噪声的放民在许多情况下这个任务仍然很难实现。
因此对降低电气设备噪声和振动提出的要求应该严格地提出论证，否则花费在设备建设上的经费是不合算的。例如，应考虑到在噪声室内安装的低噪声电机对周围的噪声要没有影响。
为了区分电机的噪声源，除了用一连串消除噪声和振动源的方法外，还采用噪声频谱分析法。噪声频谱的某些频直成分与具有一定频率特性的某个源有关。磁部分的频率是大家熟悉的，表现得最为明显，至于机械部分和气体动力部分则只有它们之中的某些成分容易确定；此外还有一些推测起来很困难的频率。因此频谱分析法也并不能完全阐明和从数量上看清所有噪声源的性质。
对于在设计卧式电动电机的时候，噪音影响了机械的性能，所以在使用的时候，必须的要主要注意它的操作，力、滚动轴承和不平衡的详细研究可根据机座上产生的振动进行，空气动力和电刷摩擦的详细研究可根据空气噪声来进行。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY POLICY
The Equality Act 2010 builds on previous equality and diversity legislation by introducing nine “protected characteristics” aff
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روهاي امنيتي عراقي بايد آنقدر قوي باشند که بتوانند با شورش ها مقابله کنند، اما شتاب در ايجاد اين نيرو، در ماه آوريل به بحران خودداري اين نيروها از مقابله با شورشيان انجاميد. واشنگتن پست سپس به کمي دستمزد اين افراد اشاره مي کند و اينکه در موارد زيادي، کمي دستمزد و نبودن امکانهاي کافي در مقابله با شورشيان، باعث استعفا دادن و کناره گيري بسياري از آنها شده است.
لس آنجلس تايمز، نيويورک تايمز و واشنگتن تايمز نيز به مسئله تصميم ايران به از سر گيري ساخت دستگاه هاي گريز از مرکز ويژه غني سازي اورانيوم پرداخته اند.
واشنگتن تايمز به مصاحبه مطبوعاتي کمال خرازي اشاره مي کند که گفته است از سر گيري ساخت دستگاه گريز از مرکز ويژه غني سازي اورانيوم، به تلافي بسته نشدن پرونده هسته اي ايران صورت مي گيرد. به نوشته اين روزنامه، موضع جديد ايران اختلاف ميان ايران و واشنگتن که در نظر دارد ايران را به علت از سر گيري ساخت دستگاه هاي گريز از مرکز به شوراي امنيت سازمان ملل متحد ارجاع دهد، پر رنگ تر مي کند.
لس آنجلس تايمز از قول ديپلمات ها در ايران مي نويسد، ايران کار توليد هگزا فلوريد اورانيوم را که مي توان از آن اورانيوم غني شده بدست آورد در نيروگاه اصفهان از سر گرفته است.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>در رابطه با این موضوع لازم است ذکر کنیم که برای ارائه دادن استشهاد محلی به دادگاه نیاز از چندین نفر آن را امضا کنند، اما تعداد افرادی که برای امضا کردن استشهاد محلی در نظر گرفته می شود، اهمیت چندانی ندارد.
به طور کلی واضح است که هر چه تعداد بیشتری از افراد در محل حادثه حضور داشته باشند، نتیجه دادگاه بیشتر به نفع شما خواهد بود، زیرا افراد امضا کننده و شاهد بیشتر هستند تا صحت گفته های شما را تایید کنند و بتوانید از این رو حق و حقوق از بین رفته خود را کسب کنید.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>اندی وارهول درکتابش میگوید: «چیز شگفتانگیز دربارهی آمریکا این است که سنتی را آغاز کرده که در آن ثروتمندترین مشتریان دقیقاً همان چیزی را میخرند که فقیرترینشان میخرند. شما میتوانید کوکاکولا را در تلویزیون ببینید و میدانید که رئیس جمهور کوکاکولا میخورد، الیزابت تیلور کوکاکولا میخورد، و فکر کنید، شما هم میتوانید کوکاکولا بخورید. کوکا همان کوکاست و با هیچ مقداری از پول نمیتوانید کوکایی بهتر از آنچه داشته باشید که یک ولگرد در گوشهای میخورد. همه کوکاها یکسان هستند و همه آنها خوب. این را الیزابت تیلور میداند، رئیس جمهور میداند، ولگرد میداند و شما هم میدانید.»
+ پیشنهادات خوب دیگر افزوده خواهد شد.
- ۹۴/۰۹/۰۶<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Cascading filters in series is commonly used to enhance stop-band rejection and steepness in the transition band. The technique can also be used to combine high pass and low pass filters to create a band pass response. While using filters in series does achieve these desired effects, conventional filters are fully reflective in the stop-band, and the reflected signal creates standing waves in the signal path between filter stages. This can introduce problems in the pass-band such as ripple and phase instability, which distort the desired signal and degrade system performance.
Mini-Circuits X-series reflectionless filters employ a novel filter topology in which stopband signals are internally terminated rather than reflected back to the source. This feature affords RF and microwave system designers many advantages over conventional filters. One such advantage is the ability to cascade filters in multiple sections and eliminate undesirable effects that often arise when conventional filters are cascaded. This article will demonstrate how reflectionless filters eliminate these problems when cascaded, allowing greater design flexibility and improvement in system performance.
Reflectionless filter model XLF-421+ will be used as an example for demonstration. XLF-421+ is a reflectionless low pass filter with a pass-band from DC to 420 MHz. It achieves 1.4 dB pass-band insertion loss, 14 dB stop-band rejection from 900 to 5200 and 24 dB stop-band rejection from 5200 to 18000 MHz. A simulation of the S-parameters when two XLF-421+ filters are cascaded is shown in Figure 1. Simulated data for insertion loss (Figure 2) shows the expected enhancement in stop-band rejection as well as steeper roll off in the transition when two filters are cascaded. Meanwhile the effect on input and output return loss (Figures 3 and 4) is minimal. Note that the simulation data exhibits no ripples, distortion or other unwanted behaviors for two reflectionless filters in cascade that might otherwise appear if reflections or phase instability were present in the system.
To further validate the advantages of reflectionless filters in cascaded configuration, testing was performed to compare reflectionless filter XLF-421+ to conventional filter NLP-550+ when cascaded. The units were soldered on test boards and the test boards were interconnected in series and connected to a vector network analyzer. The reflectionless filter was tested in 1, 2 and 3 sections, and the conventional filter was tested in 1 and 2 sections. Insertion loss, input and output return loss, and group delay were swept from DC to 5000 MHz for each structure. The measurement data is presented in Figures 5a through 5j.
The insertion loss curves for the conventional filter exhibit an expected increase in stop-band rejection when two filters are cascaded in series. However, obvious ripple appears across the stop-band in the two-section curve. This is due to the unstable phase relationship between the through-signal and reflected signal. Additionally, unwanted ripple is present in the pass-band close to the band edge of the two-section curve. This is a result of return loss degradation in the pass-band and reflections in the transition. By contrast, the insertion loss performance for the reflectionless filter repeats itself nicely when cascaded in 2 and 3 sections without any of the ripples or distortion seen in the case of the conventional filter.
Figures 5e through 5h show the effect on return loss when the two types of filters are cascaded in multiple sections. The conventional filter exhibits significant degradation in input and output return loss in the pass-band when cascaded in two sections – by as much as nearly 20 dB in some regions. When the reflectionless filter is cascaded in two sections, on the other hand, input and output return loss varies over the pass-band, but the same degradation is not evident, and return loss actually increases at some frequencies relative to that of a single filter. This illustrates that an improvement in return loss in the pass-band and the stop-band can be realized by cascading reflectionless filters versus conventional filters.
Lastly, group delay (figures 5i and 5j) for two cascaded conventional filters presents wild variations over frequency, which results in signal distortion in the pass-band. By comparison, group delay remains flat through the pass-band, transition, and stop-band when the reflectionless filter is cascaded in 2 and 3 sections. This shows that reflectionless filters essentially eliminate distortion related to phase instability when cascaded in series.
One advantage of reflectionless filters is the capability to cascade filters in multiple sections while virtually eliminating the detrimental effects of signal reflections. This makes these filters extremely flexible building blocks for applications where greater stop-band rejection or sharper roll-off are desired, allowing significant improvements in overall system performance.
Browse all reflectionless filters<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>在哈瓦那的一幢建筑物中坍塌
昨天早上7点，位于哈瓦那老城的奥比斯波和奥布拉比亚之间的第409号哈瓦那街上，一座两层楼的房屋完全倒塌，相当于两栋房屋。
在崩溃时，一楼的房子里没有居民，而七楼仍留在顶层。
由于这一不幸事件，造成4人死亡，3人受伤; 其中两人在CalixtoGarcía总医院接受治疗，另一人在JuanManuelMárquez儿科医院接受治疗，所有这些都没有危及他们的生命。 死者名字叫：HenolaÁlvarezMartínez，3岁; 18岁的JorgeA.ÁlvarezRodríguez和GlendysAmayiPérezKindelán，以及60岁的MayraPáezMora。
紧接着这一事实，明明消防局，公共卫生，省政府理事会商业小组建设的专门部队，以及党，政府，历史学家办公室的领导和官员，市和省的其他实体。
调查事故原因，包括在一楼住宅内发生的建设性行动的范围和法律性质。
省政府理事会<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Craig Melvin gives us some tips on how to teach children the importance of Black Month. His children are respectively 5 years old and 7 years old, they are still small but the time will come when they will learn more about this.
One day during the months of the pandemic Craig says they were staying fourth in the house when suddenly the boy asked him why his sister was white as mom and he was Black as a dad. It was the moment when he realized he had to say that they are biracial. What was most important was that at the end of the day they were all human beings.
Craig and his wife never thought they would have to discuss these racial differences with the children until the George Floyd incident. There they realized that this conversation should be done.
One day while bathing the boy he started singing a song. It starts as a hum, and then he sang. I said, “Oh, is that ‘We Shall Overcome?” He said, “Yeah, how do you know that song?” I said, “Well, that was the anthem during the civil rights movement.” He was very happy to learn such songs in school where only two children were colored. The whole class had learned the song. Meanwhile what needs to be done is to learn more about Black History in schools.
Not just in schools but all countries. There should not be just one month to talk about the achievements of black people. One thing we have not yet talked to children about is slavery. How can I tell that people with the color of skin like dad have been forced to work for people with the color of skin like mom?
Lindsay and I have always gone out of our way to make sure that our kids are exposed to not just different places, but different people and cultures. I have long believed that exposure is our best tool to fight racism, hatred, and xenophobia. My greatest wish is for them to know and appreciate what it means to be Black in America.
I’m sorry when I hear my mother say that she was the only one from high school who went to high school and how difficult it was to integrate. There are so many firsts like that, and I hope my kids get to enjoy some seconds and thirds – and that at some point in our history, there are not so many superlatives.
How did you explain to children the importance of black month ? Share with us your experiences in the comments on Facebook.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The Ludlow Amendment proposed ‘Except in the event of an invasion of the United States…authority of Congress to declare war shall not become effective until confirmed in a Nationwide Referendum’. President Roosevelt was adamantly opposed, maintaining it would ‘cripple any president in his conduct of foreign affairs’. In 1930s America, the public mood was firmly isolationist (a Gallup survey in 1935 found 75 per cent support for the amendment) and, after several attempts, the amendment’s proposer, Democratic Senator for Indiana Louis B. Ludlow, managed to secure its consideration by Congress. In the event, it was defeated 209 to 188, over 100 short of the 2/3 majority needed to take it to the Senate. Its backers were concentrated in constituencies with large numbers of Irish and German Americans, the most profoundly isolationist segment of the electorate. With Hitler’s invasion of Poland in September 1939, public enthusiasm for the Amendment would wane dramatically.
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Website Design AT Technical<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Vergi dairesi tarafından yapılan tarhiyatlar ile kesilen cezalar üzerinden, vergi dairesi ve yükümlünün pazarlık sonucu anlaşmalarına uzlaşma denir.
Tarhiyat öncesi uzlaşma ve tarhiyat sonrası uzlaşma olmak üzere ikiye ayrılır. Uzlaşmada her iki taraf da bazı haklarından vazgeçer. Vergi dairesi kanunen alması gereken vergi aslı ve cezasının bir kısmından vazgeçerek, parayı daha hızlı bir şekilde hazineye intikal ettirir ve olası dava yükünü ortadan kaldırır. Mükellef ise anlaşılacağı üzere dava hakkından vazgeçmiş olur.
Bir önceki yazımız olan Akreditif Mektubu Nedir başlıklı makalemizi de okumanızı öneririz.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Posted on EPOCA: 15 Jul 2011 — Bodega OA Research Group studies on California mussels forecast future ecological impacts
Anthropogenic CO2 is reducing the pH and altering the carbonate chemistry of seawater, with repercussions for marine organisms and ecosystems. Current research suggests that calcification will decrease in many species, but compelling evidence of impaired functional performance of calcium carbonate structures is sparse, particularly in key species. Here we demonstrate that ocean acidification markedly degrades the mechanical integrity of larval shells in the mussel Mytilus californianus, a critical community member on rocky shores throughout the northeastern Pacific. Larvae cultured in seawater containing CO2 concentrations expected by the year 2100 (540 or 970 ppm) precipitated weaker, thinner and smaller shells than individuals raised under present-day seawater conditions (380 ppm), and also exhibited lower tissue mass. Under a scenario where mussel larvae exposed to different CO2 levels develop at similar rates, these trends suggest a suite of potential consequences, including an exacerbated vulnerability of new settlers to crushing and drilling attacks by predators; poorer larval condition, causing increased energetic stress during metamorphosis; and greater risks from desiccation at low tide due to shifts in shell area to body mass ratios. Under an alternative scenario where responses derive exclusively from slowed development, with impacted individuals reaching identical milestones in shell strength and size by settlement, a lengthened larval phase could increase exposure to high planktonic mortality rates. In either case, because early life stages operate as population bottlenecks, driving general patterns of distribution and abundance, the ecological success of this vital species may be tied to how ocean acidification proceeds in coming decades.
Gaylord B., Hill T. M., Sanford E., Lenz E. A., Jacobs L. A., Sato K. N., Russell A. D., & Hettinger A., 2011. Functional impacts of ocean acidification in an ecologically critical foundation species. The Journal of Experimental Biology 214(15):2586-2594. Article (subscription required).<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Federasyonun kan bağışı ihtiyacı konusunda “farkındalık yaratmayı” amaçlayan kampanyanın sloganı “Yardım etme zamanı — Kan ver”.
Fepobades başkanı Alberto Mota, Lusa ajansına verdiği demeçte, son haftalarda genç bağışçıların sayısında bir artış kaydedildiğini, ancak “tüm ihtiyaçlara daha sürdürülebilir bir yanıt” garanti etmek için hala yetersiz olduğunu söyledi.
Alberto Mota, “kış zamanının, grip zamanının geleneksel kan bağışçılarını çok uzak tuttuğunu” açıkladı ve bu nedenle federasyon bu dikkat çağrısını yapmaya karar verdi, böylece üç aydan fazla bir süre önce kan veren tüm bağışçılar, erkekler söz konusu olduğunda ve kadınlar söz konusu olduğunda dört aydan fazla bir süre boyunca, kadınlar söz konusu olduğunda, bunu tekrar yapıyor.
“Henüz kan bağışı yapmayanlar bile bu amaca geliyor çünkü her gün 1.000 ila 1.100 birim kana ihtiyacımız var” diye vurguladı.
Alberto Mota için, “kan ihtiyacı konusunda farkındalık yaratmak ve ilgili tüm vatandaşlara ve genç bağışçılara hitap etmek çok önemlidir. özellikle en muhtaç kan gruplarında, B-; A+; A-; 0+ ve 0-”.
“18 yaşın üzerindeki, 50 kilodan daha ağır olan ve sağlıklı olan tüm vatandaşlar kan bağışı yapabilir. Bu basit jest birçok hayatı kurtarmaya yardımcı oluyor.”
Federasyon, kan toplamanın yaklaşık 30 dakika süren hızlı bir prosedür olduğunu ve tek bir kan biriminin üç hayata kadar yardımcı olabileceğinden, birkaç kişinin kurtarılmasına yardımcı olabileceğini hatırlatıyor.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>资源预览需要最新版本的Flash Player支持。
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保险教育与保险业发展的灰色关联分析兼论保险高职教育在人才兴业战略中的重要作用谢利人1丁孜山2唐淑娥2（1．中南大学商学院，湖南长沙4100832．保险职业学院，湖南长沙410114）［摘要］人才在保险业发展过程中起着重要作用，但不同层次的人才在保险业发展过程中起到的作用是不同的。在保险业人才兴业战略中，既懂理论，又懂实务操作的本、专科学历层次人才需求量最大。保险高职教育培养的人才正好适应这一要求，因此保险高职教育在人才兴业战略中有着重要的地位和作用。［关键词］保险业保险教育保险高职教育灰色关联分析［中图分类号］F840．3［文献标识码］A［文章编号］10043306（2007）10007003AbstractTalentedpeopleplayanimportantroleinthedevelopmentoftheinsuranceindustry,butpeopleatdifferenteducationlevelsfunctiondifferently.Inimplementationofflourishinginsuranceindustrythroughtalentsstrategy,thedemandsforuniversityorcollegeleveleducatedprofessionalsproficientintheoriesandpracticesarethelargest.Highereducationsystemfortheinsuranceindustryfitinwiththisdemandsverywell,therefore,promotinginsurancehighereducationisimportantforthecarryingoutofflourishinginsuranceeducationthroughtalentsstrategy.Keywordsinsuranceindustryinsuranceeducationhigherinsuranceeducationgreyrelationshipanalysis自上世纪60年代，以舒尔茨（Schultz）、丹尼逊（Denson）和贝克尔（Becker）为代表的人力资本理论认为，一国人力资本存量的提高能有效地促进经济的增长。舒尔茨还利用教育投资收益率的方法测算出教育所创造出的国民收入占美国1957年国民总收入增量
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note di ascolto seguono un percorso simile. I piatti delicati di Lyle Lovett in North Dakota hanno suonato più distesi e la musica ancora più intima. Passando alla musica Country, ho trovato le corde della piacevole chitarra acustica di Mary Chapin Carpenter in Slave to the Beauty facili da percepire. Con materiale più rock, il Mutec ha tirato fuori un poco più di dettaglio dal mucchietto denso delle chitarre distorte che punteggia Chasing Cars degli Snow Patrols.
In conclusione, avere il Mutec nella catena hi-fi ha consistentemente migliorato il suono. L'effetto è stato però piuttosto tenue. Nella sua versione corrente, il Mutec può ben meritare una prova in un sistema high-end o in sistemi dove si sospetta che il jitter potrebbe costituire un problema. Non vedo l'ora che Mutec implementi la funzione USB così da poter utilizzare questa tecnologia che ci darà una reale possibilità di dimostrare le sue capacità.
© Copyright 2014 Andy Norman - firstname.lastname@example.org - www.tnt-audio.com<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Almost every week I see mistakes in the use of "affect" and "effect". These are common and important words, especially in the IELTS writing test, so you need to get them right.
"Affect" is a verb. Don't write "affect on".
- Smoking affects your health. (smoking affects on your health)
- The Internet is affecting our way of life.
- Children are affected by what they see on television.
"Effect" is a noun. Do write "have an effect on".
- Smoking has a harmful effect on your health.
- The Internet is having a significant effect on our way of life.
- Television can have a negative effect on children.
If you use these words correctly, the examiner will be impressed.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>俄罗斯是否同意扩大减产未定
新华社信息纽约3月5日电 由于市场对新冠疫情担忧加剧和俄罗斯能否同意欧佩克扩大减产的建议存在不确定性,国际原油期货价格5日早盘窄幅盘整,午后震荡下跌,当日收盘时国际油价显著下跌。
截至当天收盘时,纽约商品交易所4月交货的轻质原油期货价格下跌0.88美元,收于每桶45.9美元,跌幅为1.88%。同日,5月交货的伦敦布伦特原油期货价格则下跌1.14美元,收于每桶49.99美元,跌幅为2.23%。
PVM石油联合公司分析师Tamas Varga表示,欧佩克与合作伙伴国迫切需要达成协议至少把减产扩大100万桶/日。否则,油价将会重回近日低点,并有可能跌破前期低点。
BCA研究公司大宗商品和能源策略首席策略师Robert Ryan表示,如果欧佩克与合伙伙伴未能就扩大减产达成协议,预计原油市场将会出现抛售,布伦特油价将会跌至每桶50美元以下,纽约原油期货价格则将跌至每桶45美元左右。
欧佩克5日在其部长级会议结束后发布公告说,新冠疫情爆发已经对2020年全球经济和石油需求预测带来重大负面影响,尤其是今年第一和第二季度的影响。目前,2020年全球石油需求增幅预计为48万桶/日,低于2019年12月份时110万桶/日的预期,并面临下调风险。
欧佩克表示,其部长级会议决定向在6日召开的欧佩克与非欧佩克伙伴国联合部长级会议建议把现有170万桶/日的减产额度从3月底延长至今年年底,并建议在二季度额外减产150万桶/日,欧佩克和非欧佩克伙伴国分别承担100万桶/日和50万桶/日。欧佩克还将于今年6月9日举行下一次部长级会议。
美国瓦兰德拉能源合伙公司(Velandera Energy)首席财务官曼尼什?拉贾(Manish Raj)表示,如果俄罗斯同意承担50万桶/日的额外减产额度,二季度石油市场将会保持平衡,美国西德克萨斯轻质原油期货价格将会稳定在略高于每桶50美元上方的区间;如果俄罗斯不同意额外减产,预计欧佩克将会坚持执行已经宣布的减产额度,不会同意扩大自身减产额度,市场将出现供应过剩,油价将会从当前水平显著下跌。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>بیش از ۱۶۰ افغانستانی در سرمای کم سابقه مردهاند
سخنگوی وزارت مدیریت بحران افغانستان اعلام کرد که بیش از ۱۶۰ نفر طی ماه گذشته در حالی که با سخت ترین زمستان در بیش از یک دهه گذشته مواجه شدند از سرما در این کشور جان باختند.
به گزارش خبرگزاری موج به نقل از رویترز، شفیع الله رحیمی، سخنگوی وزارت مدیریت بحران افغانستان گفت: بدلیل سرمای هوا از ۱۰ ژانویه تاکنون ۱۶۲ نفر در این کشور جان خود را از دست دادند که حدود ۸۴ مرگ و میر طی هفته گذشته اتفاق افتاده است.
همچنین سرمای شدید در مناطق مختلف افغانستان باعث تلف شدن صدها هزار راس دام و طیور مردم به عنوان اصلی ترین منابع درآمدی و امرار معاش آنها شده است که خطری جدی محسوب می شود.
زمستان سخت امسال در افغانستان در ۱۵ سال گذشته بی سابقه بوده است و در برخی مناطق دمای هوا حتی به پایین تر از منفی ۳۴ درجه سانتیگراد رسیده است. این درحالی است که این کشور در میانه بحران شدید اقتصادی به سر می برد.
بسیاری از گروه های کمک رسانی بدلیل قوانین طالبان درباره ممنوعیت کار کردن زنان، عملیات خود را در هفته های اخیر به حالت تعلیق درآوردند.
مارتین گریفیت، رئیس بخش کمک رسانی سازمان ملل متحد در سفر این هفته به کابل گفت این نهاد بدنبال معافیت هایی برای ممنوعیت کار کردن زنان است که در یکی از آسیب پذیرترین زمان ها برای بسیاری از افغان ها پیش آمده است.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Goldeen di Misty
Indice
- 1 Nell'anime
- 2 Nei giochi
- 3 Nel manga
- 4 Nel GCC
- 5 Curiosità
- 6 Vedi anche
Nell'anime
Storia
Kanto
Goldeen viene usato per la prima volta in Emergenza! per distrarre il Team Rocket dal catturare i Pokémon del Centro Pokémon, mentre Ash li stava salvando. La sua lotta consisteva nello sguazzare a terra, agitandosi sul pavimento. Misty lo richiama rapidamente nella sua Poké Ball.
Goldeen si rivela utile quando Misty e i suoi amici hanno bisogno di un Pokémon per nuotare o per localizzazione qualcosa sott'acqua. In Il naufragio, Goldeen viene usato per trovare una via d'uscita dalla Motonave Anna, che sta affondando. Invece, scopre i membri del Team Rocket, che, se non fossero stati trovati dal Pokémon, sarebbero annegati, portandoli fuori dall'acqua. Goldeen nuota poi verso la superficie trasportando Misty, mentre Starmie e Squirtle trasportano Ash e Brock. Goldeen viene poi chiamato per trascinare la zattera lontano dal Gyarados di James, appena evolutosi, ma vengono tutti spediti in aria a causa dell'Ira di Drago di quest'ultimo. Goldeen riappare in Le creature marine, dove aiuta Staryu e Starmie a portare in salvo i marinai dispersi in acqua.
Isole Orange
Misty non usa Goldeen molto spesso perché non può lottare sulla terraferma: quando viene chiamato in campo, non può fare nulla a causa della sua mancanza di esperienza. Un esempio di ciò è la lotta contro Marina in Incontro tra Pokémon d'acqua, dove perde contro il suo Tentacruel, prima che Staryu ne prenda il posto e vinca.
In Le sette isole del pompelmo, Goldeen viene mandato in campo nel tentativo di affrontare uno Snorlax selvatico, ma era inerme in confronto, ed ha rischiato di finire divorato, prima che Misty lo richiamasse.
Tuttavia, in L'alga curativa, Goldeen sconfigge il Victreebel di James con facilità grazie a Furia, nonostante lo svantaggio di tipo. La sua capacità di usare Pistolacqua si rivela utile in I pirati, dove si unisce ad un gruppo di Pokémon d'Acqua per attaccare la nave del bracconiere Capitano Crook.
Johto
Goldeen viene usato contro il Kingdra di Molly Hale in Pokémon 3: l'incantesimo degli Unown, dove è stato rapidamente sconfitto. Viene quindi dimostrato che nella squadra di Misty vi è una forte componente gerarchica che pone Staryu come capo e Goldeen come l'anello debole.
In Incontri subacquei, lotta contro il Qwilfish di Dorian, riuscendo ad sferrare un attacco Incornata, dopo aver schivato uno scontro frontale di Qwilfish con agilità. Goldeen usa poi Supersuono, ma Qwilfish neutralizza gli effetti, usando poi Missilspillo. Goldeen lo schiva, per poi usare il suo potente Perforcorno, ma viene prontamente schivato da Qwilfish, che reagisce usando un altro potente Missilspillo, colpendo duramente Goldeen. Un ultimo attacco è stato sufficiente per battere Goldeen e vincere il round per Dorian.
In seguito alla saga di Johto, Goldeen non ha fatto altre apparizioni ufficiali, probabilmente perché Misty ha fatto poche apparizioni in seguito, e nelle poche non c'è stata occasione di usarlo.
Serie Advanced Generation
Personalità e caratteristiche
Goldeen è molto forte e veloce, venendo spesso chiamato per trasportare Misty o gli altri sull'acqua, mostrando la sua forza quando salva il Team Rocket dopo che sono rimasti intrappolati a bordo della Motonave Anna che sta affondando durante Il naufragio, decidendo da solo di salvarlo dopo essersi imbattuto nel trio.
Non si vede molto durante la serie dato che appartiene ad una specie legata all'acqua, continuando a saltellare quando ne è fuori. Goldeen possiede una grande varietà di tecniche che lo aiutano a sconfiggere altri Pokémon, come Victreebel in L'alga curativa; tuttavia, quando deve affrontare specialisti del tipo Acqua si ritrova in difficoltà, come quando lotta contro Marina in Incontro tra Pokémon d'acqua e Dorian in Incontri subacquei.
Mosse usate
Nei giochi
Negli spin-off
Nel manga
Negli adattamenti dei film
Goldeen compare in Emperor of the Crystal Tower: Entei.
In Pokémon Adventures
Mosse usate
Il Goldeen di Misty compare nel capitolo Cerulean City all'interno della sua Palestra.
Nel GCC
Goldeen è stato raffigurato nel Gioco di Carte Collezionabili Pokémon. La seguente è la lista delle carte chiamate Goldeen di Misty.
|Goldeen di Misty|
|Carta||Tipo||Espansioneitaliana||Rarità||#||Espansionegiapponese||Rarità||#|
|Misty's Goldeen||Gym Heroes||30/132||Hanada City Gym|
|Misty's Goldeen||Gym Heroes||85/132||Hanada City Gym|
Artwork
|Artwork dal|
Mazzo Tematico Hanada City Gym
Curiosità
- Nonostante abbia debuttato nel secondo episodio, Emergenza!, Goldeen non ha usato un singolo attacco fino a Incontro tra Pokémon d'Acqua, 89 episodi dopo.
- Nonostante sia risaputo che è inutile sulla terraferma, nel Corto di Pikachu Pikachu & Pichu, si vede il Goldeen di Misty saltellare sul terreno per muoversi.
Vedi anche
Per informazioni sulla specie di Pokémon, si veda la pagina Goldeen.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>撤离阿富汗的英军（资料图）
海外网1月31日电 据英国天空新闻30日报道，一名美国将领私下告诉英国国防大臣本·华莱士，英国的武装力量已不再被视为世界顶级战斗力量，目前只“勉强算二流”。
报道称，这位美国将军2022年秋天与华莱士以及其他几名英国官员进行了坦诚的交谈。这位美国将军称：“你们的军队还没达到世界一流军队的水准，勉强算是二流吧。”这个结论令英国政府感到不安。
英国国防部的几位官员也表示，“英军在未来十年内没有能力保护英国并为盟友提供完整服务”。天空新闻报道称，如果爆发冲突，英军将在几天内耗尽弹药。另一个主要问题是长期人员短缺。
英军现役人员只有7.6万，不到1990年的一半。军方计划未来裁军3000人，预计几年内不再采购武器。（海外网侯兴川）<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>هنگام برخورد با مسائل شخصی مانند اضطراب و افسردگی یا کنار آمدن با غم و اندوه ، گاهی اوقات ممکن است درک آنچه در ذهن و بدن شما اتفاق می افتد دشوار باشد، به خصوص اگر تجربه دیگری برای مقایسه با آن نداشته باشید. کتاب درمانی از جمله درمان هایی است که به شما در این امر کمک می کند.
درمانگر با پیشنهاد خواندن کتاب در مراحل درمان قصد دارد این شکاف را با استفاده از ادبیات برای کمک به شما در بهبود زندگی خود از طریق ارائه اطلاعات ، پشتیبانی و راهنمایی در قالب فعالیت های مطالعه از طریق کتاب و داستان، برطرف کند.
مفهوم خواندن به عنوان راهی برای کمک به تسهیل روند بهبودی و دستیابی به اهداف درمانی، یک استراتژی مشترک است که در بسیاری از رویکردهای درمانی وجود دارد.
با این حال، آنچه کتاب درمانی را از سایر نظریه های روان درمانی ثابت شده مانند درمان شناختی-رفتاری جدا می کند، این واقعیت است که یک درمانگر به طور معمول کتاب درمانی را به عنوان یک روش درمانی مشاهده می کند و بنابراین، از آن به عنوان یک بخش اضافی در روند درمان استفاده می کند .
از آن جا که کتاب درمانی اغلب برای حمایت و کمک به سایر اشکال درمانی استفاده می شود، این روش برای هر دو حالت فردی و گروهی و افراد در هر سنی مناسب است. معمولاً درمانگر هنگام درمان افراد جوان مانند کودک یا نوجوان از داستان استفاده می کند.
هنگامی که از کتاب در محیط درمانی گروهی، استفاده می شود، کتاب درمانی به شرکت کنندگان این امکان را می دهد تا درباره تفسیرهای خود از ادبیات و چگونگی ارتباط آن با مسائلشان بازخورد خود را ارائه بدهند. همچنین به بهبود ارتباطات کمک می کند و گفتگوها و ارتباطات عمیق تری را برای شرکت کنندگان ایجاد می کند.
اگر مطالعه کتاب به نظر مناسب می رسد، ممکن است از خود بپرسید که چگونه یک درمانگر از این ابزار در یک جلسه مشاوره استفاده می کند. سام گلادینگ، برنامه کارشناسی ارشد آنلاین مشاوره و خدمات انسانی دانشگاه ویک فارست که متخصص خلاقیت در مشاوره است ، کتاب درمانی را به عنوان یک تعامل سه جانبه پویا شامل استفاده از کتاب ، مشاور و بیمار توصیف می کند.
“مشاور و بیمار مشکلات یا زمینه های استرس در زندگی فرد را در نظر می گیرند. سپس روانشناس کتاب یا داستانی را برای خواندن بیمار تجویز می کند. “
Gladding به این نکته اشاره می کند که مهم این است که کتاب یا داستان مستقیماً به مشکل و اختلال بیمار مربوط شود تا او با قهرمان داستان همزاد پنداری کند. سپس مشاور و بیمار مجدداً گرد هم می آیند و در مورد نحوه برخورد قهرمان داستان با مشکلات خود و کاربرد راه حل های موجود در کتاب با شرایط بیمار صحبت می کنند.
به طور معمول، درمانگران از كتاب درمانی استفاده می كنند تا كتاب های خاصی را برای مطالعه به بیماران پیشنهاد دهند تا خارج از جلسه مشاوره مطالعه كنند. با این کار درمانگر می تواند بیمار خود را از لحاظ روانی دائما تحت کنترل خود قرار دهد.
” این استراتژی می تواند به تسهیل همدلی، بینش، گفتگو و رشد فرد کمک کند.
از طریق کتاب های داستانی و غیر داستانی، شعر، نمایشنامه وداستان کوتاه یک درمانگر می تواند به شما کمک کند درک عمیق تری از نگرانی هایی که در وهله اول شما را به جلسات مشاوره آورده اند ، کسب کنید.
کتاب درمانی به شما امکان می دهد از چالش های شخصی که با آن روبرو هستید، بینشی کسب کنید و به شما کمک می کند تا استراتژی هایی برای رسیدگی به بیشترین نگرانی ها ایجاد کنید. همچنین می تواند به ارتقا حل مسئله ، درک و خودآگاهی کمک کند.
یکی از دلایل قانع کننده استفاده از کتاب درمانی این
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Greek commander. In Achilles’ absence the Trojans killed many of the Greeks among them Achilles’ friend Patroclus. Achilles then sought his revenge and slaughtered many Trojans including Hector, son of Priam and Hecuba. Paris killed Achilles by shooting him with an arrow and hitting him in the heel which was his only vulnerable point. The Greeks won the war by building a giant wooden horse which they left before sailing away on their ships. The Trojans thought they had won the war and that the Greeks have left the horse as tribute. They wheeled it into the city and that night the Greeks, who were hiding in the horse, emerged and opened the city gates. The Greek army, which had sailed back, entered the city, killed most of the men and captured the women. Aeneas, another son of Priam, escaped and set sail. His voyage is the subject of an epic poem of Latin literature the Aeneid of Virgil. Aeneas eventually founded Rome. Aphrodite, who started all of this by promising Helen to Paris if he judged her most beautiful, was the Greek goddess of love and later identified by the Romans as Venus. She took as a lover Ares, the brutal god of War.
Several key themes can be seen in that myth such as: a) women compete to see who is most beautiful b) men compete for the women and c) the women choose (Helen chose Menelaus).
The Greeks were not the only peoples to associate goddesses of love and sexuality with war.
In Babylonian mythology the goddess Ishtar, also probably linked with the planet Venus, was the goddess of erotic attraction and sexuality. She protected prostitutes but she was violent and renowned for her warlike qualities. She was also the goddess of the moon and the full moon was when she was supposed to menstruate.
In Ugaritic mythology (Ugarit was a city-state on the Syrian coast in the middle of the second millennium BC) there was the goddess Anat, linked with Ishtar, who was beautiful but also a bloodthirsty destroyer of men.
The Celts had the goddess Morrigan who was the goddess of war but also associated with sexuality linking sex and death.
The Aztec goddess Coaticlue is the name of the serpent-skirted mother of the war-god, Huitzipochtli. A statue shows her with twin rattlesnake heads and a necklace of human hands and hearts. She could transform herself into a beautiful woman who would then lead men to their deaths.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>E ancora una volta, tutti i media mondiali annunciano un evento gioioso: questa felice famiglia reale ha dato alla luce un erede. Alla vigilia di questo evento, i giornalisti di tutto il mondo, discutendo tra loro, hanno cercato di indovinare chi avrebbe dato alla luce la duchessa, come se l'attenzione di tutte le persone fosse focalizzata solo sull'ospedale di maternità d'élite di Londra. E in Medio Oriente, per mano dell'Occidente (compresa la Gran Bretagna) e dei loro mercenari, la gente continua a morire. Questa volta - in Siria.
I terroristi, supportati, anche dalla Gran Bretagna, non risparmiano nemmeno i santuari. Hanno sparato proiettili di mortaio su uno dei più importanti santuari siriani: la tomba della nipote del profeta Seyida Zeinab, situata nella periferia di Damasco. Di conseguenza, il direttore del complesso museale Anas Rumani è morto e diversi visitatori sono rimasti feriti.
Con la profanazione dei santuari musulmani dei militanti, non era imbarazzante che il mese sacro del Ramadan stia continuando.
I terroristi non hanno nemmeno pensato al Ramadan quando l'imam della moschea, lo sceicco Osama Taufik Al-Asar, è stato ucciso vicino alla città costiera di Baniyas, vicino al villaggio di Al-Kreir. Il cittadino accompagnatore è morto con lui.
Nella città di Homs, a seguito di colpi di mortaio di terroristi, un proiettile cadde vicino all'edificio del Dipartimento della Salute. Di conseguenza, tre civili furono uccisi.
Il tragico incidente si è verificato nell'area di Ras Al Ain, dove i militanti terrorizzano i curdi. I curdi furono costretti a creare le proprie unità di autodifesa per difendersi dall'arbitrio dei "difensori della democrazia". I combattenti curdi catturarono uno dei capifamiglia dei banditi di nome Abu Musaab.
Quindi i terroristi, frustrati dalla sconfitta, presero 500 in ostaggio di curdi pacifici e innocenti, principalmente donne e bambini. Alcuni ostaggi furono decapitati in modo indicativo.
Le unità di autodifesa curde sono state costrette a liberare un gangster in cattività, ma gli "oppositori" hanno violato i loro obblighi e rilasciato tutti gli ostaggi. Le persone 200 stanno ancora languendo in cattività e un terribile destino potrebbe aspettarle.
In questa occasione, il Ministero degli Affari Esteri della Russia ha protestato contro le atrocità dei militanti, che ha dichiarato: "Gli eventi nel nord-est della RAS confermano ancora una volta l'urgenza della richiesta di tutte le parti siriane di radunare gli sforzi per sconfiggere ed espellere i gruppi terroristici dal paese".
Ma i ministeri stranieri dei paesi occidentali non reagiscono all'arbitrarietà dei terroristi e ai loro crimini di guerra. Anche se possiamo ricordare come piansero sui diritti degli "sfortunati" curdi, che erano presumibilmente oppressi in Iraq. Hanno pianto esattamente fino al momento in cui era necessario per giustificare l'invasione americana dell'Iraq.
Ma, a differenza del "regime" di Saddam Hussein, che presumibilmente opprime i curdi, i "ribelli siriani" democratici sono autorizzati a opprimerli.
Non si poteva parlare del triste. Si può sinceramente rallegrarsi dell'erede nato in Gran Bretagna - i bambini piccoli sono così dolci e toccanti ... Ma come vorrei che la stessa Gran Bretagna prestasse attenzione all'arbitrarietà dei terroristi contro gli stessi bambini ...
Ma l'Inghilterra è silenziosa ... Più precisamente, non del tutto silenziosa. Sarebbe molto meglio se non prestasse attenzione. Ma fa esattamente il contrario: pianifica una nuova assistenza ai terroristi. E l'attenzione pubblica da queste azioni disumane è distratta dall'hype attorno alla nascita di un figlio di alto rango ...<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Monday, August 07, 2017
By Dahr Jamail, Truthout | Report
photo above: The Amazon Rainforest, the most biologically diverse place on Earth, is threatened by deforestation and anthropogenic climate disruption. (Photo: CIAT; Edited: LW / TO)
Sao Paolo and Brasilia, Brazil — Warwick Manfrinato, the director of Brazil’s Department of Protected Areas, has a deep understanding of biological interdependence, as well as its importance.
“If we are of utter service to nature, then we provide the benefits to all other living things on the planet,” Manfrinato told Truthout in his office at Brazil’s capital city recently. “I have the same value as a human as a jaguar has in nature, and both should be protected, otherwise we all go extinct, no matter what.”
Manfrinato, whose department falls within the Secretariat of Biodiversity in Brazil’s Ministry of Environment, is working on a variety of projects, including the establishment of a whale sanctuary that will cover the better part of the entire South Atlantic Ocean between Brazil’s vast coastal area all the way across to the west coast of Africa. And on June 23, he and his colleagues launched a national “Corridors Program,” with the goal of fostering “connectivity and genetic flux.”
“We know the flow of genetics in biomes [biological systems] in life is critical,” Manfrinato said. “We have to re-establish this, so a jaguar that exists in Mexico should be able to come all the way here without being killed. Physical connectivity allows for genetic connectivity. A monkey should be able to travel from one part of Brazil to another, without having to pass through land that has been cleared, where there is no forest.”
Manfrinato’s colleague, Everton Lucero, who is Brazil’s secretary for Climate Change and Environmental Quality, was blunt with Truthout about what could happen if dramatic action is not taken to address the impacts of anthropogenic climate disruption (ACD).
“The worst-case IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projection] is 4.5C by 2100, but at local levels here we see very different impacts already, and are already even seeing an 8C increase in places,” Lucero told Truthout.
Manfrinato echoes this: The crisis, he says, has already arrived.
“Everything that is bad has already happened,” he explained. “We’ve come to terms with who we are, and we are those who destroy the planet. We’ve already destroyed it.”
Because of this, Manfrinato believes we already know what needs to be done.
“If we’re going to look for solutions, we have to look for the solution for the complexity, not one individual thing,” he said. “If there is no connectivity, there is nothing. And that is why I’m busy with building corridors of biodiversity.”
He has his work cut out for him. But he’s not alone: Many people are working toward similar goals in the Amazon.
Please click on: The Amazon Rainforest<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Società internazionale di Dino che sta camminando per importare i pezzi di ricambio e le fabbriche dell'alimentazione basate nell'Egitto, abbiamo comprato lo stesso für Oufcustomers delle parti con un'alta qualità e rendiamo paricolare nella fabbricazione dalla società. Macchinario più lontano.
si specializzano nei prodotti di qualità ed hanno l'esperienza tailandese li fanno fra la prima società internazionale
—— Dino International Company
SKIOLD A/S è una fabbricazione e una società di ingegneria che costruisce le fabbriche dell'alimentazione dappertutto. Abbiamo comprato alcuni miscelatori gemellati dell'asse da macchinario più lontano per complementare il nostro programma. La qualità ed il rivestimento del lavoro manuale che troviamo buon ed accettabile per uso in Europa occidentale e tutte le altre parti del mondo.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>第一次到克利夫兰十大网赌软件视力中心就诊
十大网赌软件手术的第一步是什么 surgery process? 首先，你必须 选择你的十大网赌软件眼科医生 在克利夫兰地区. 如果你选择了克利夫兰的十大网赌软件视力中心 这一进程将以全面的初步磋商开始这是决定你视力矫正需要的关键. 为了评估你的视力, 我们会询问你的眼睛, 您的总体健康状况, 还有你服用的药物. 带一份药物清单(滴剂或药片)和你目前正在使用的剂量是很有帮助的. 如果你戴眼镜，也要带上.
最初的十大网赌软件会诊会持续一到三个小时，包括全面的眼科检查和测试, 通常包括眼睛扩张. 为了你的舒适, 你可能想带一副深色太阳镜，并安排有人开车送你回家.
在检查之后，我们将回顾我们的发现，彻底解释您的 无刀片十大网赌软件的治疗选择 技术，并解决您的问题. 如果有其他医生推荐你, 你的检查摘要将被送到你的医生那里, 你将留在他的照料下.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>张某于2010年1月入职某电子科技公司任技术操作员，签订了为期5年的劳动合同。2013年清明节，张某自驾车外出游玩不慎发生交通事故，伤及右手，医疗期满后被鉴定为7级伤残。由于张某右手不便，无法从事原来的技术操作岗位，电子科技公司遂决定解除与张某的劳动关系。张某认为，公司此举太没人情味，在再三请求无果之后，便向当地劳动人事争议仲裁委会提起仲裁请求，主张恢复与公司的劳动关系。
张某非因工负伤治疗期间，可以依法享有医疗期和相关待遇。医疗期是指企业职工因患病或非因工负伤停止工作治病休息不得解除劳动合同的时限。《企业职工患病或非因工负伤医疗期规定》第3条规定，企业职工因患病或非因工负伤，需要停止工作医疗时，根据本人实际参加工作年限和在本单位工作年限，有3个月到24个月的医疗期。实际工作年限10年以下的，在本单位工作年限5年以下的为3个月。张某可以依法享受3个月的医疗期。对于医疗期内的待遇，《关于贯彻执行〈劳动法〉若干问题的意见》第59条规定，职工患病或非因工负伤治疗期间，在规定的医疗期间内由企业按有关规定支付其病假工资或疾病救济费，病假工资或疾病救济费可以低于当地****工资标准支付，但不能低于****工资标准的80%。
那么，在医疗期满后，电子科技公司能否以张某不能从事原工作，直接予以辞退？《劳动合同法》第40条规定，有下列情形之一的，用人单位提前30日以书面形式通知劳动者本人或者额外支付劳动者1个月工资后，可以解除劳动合同：（一）劳动者患病或者非因工负伤，在规定的医疗期满后不能从事原工作，也不能从事由用人单位另行安排的工作；（二）劳动者不能胜任工作，经过培训或者调整工作岗位，仍不能胜任工作；（三）劳动合同订立时所依据的客观情况发生重大变化，致使劳动合同无法履行，经用人单位与劳动者协商，未能就变更劳动合同内容达成协议。该条第1项包括以下4层含义：一是劳动者患病或非因工负伤；二是患病或者非因工负伤的劳动者经过了医疗期；三是医疗期满后，劳动者不能从事原来的工作；四是用人单位另行为劳动者安排了工作，劳动者仍然不能胜任。患病或者非因公负伤，在规定的医疗期满后不能从事原工作的，用人单位应先安排其他工作，只有劳动者不能胜任用人单位另行安排的工作岗位才能予以解除。因此，电子科技公司在张某医疗期满后不给张某另行安排工作直接解除与张某的劳动关系是违法的，张某要求恢复劳动关系的主张可以得到仲裁委的支持。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>On this day in 1939, just a few months after the Nazi invasion of Poland that had marked the start of WWII, a determined Polish Countess and former beauty queen marched in to British secret service headquarters and demanded to be sent on an active mission. ‘She is a flaming Polish patriot, an expert skier and great adventuress…’ the startled British officer reported, ‘I really believe we have a PRIZE’.
Countess Krystyna Skarbek is now better known in Britain by her adopted name of Christine Granville of which, she later wrote, she was ‘rather proud’. When she volunteered for service she was already on her second husband and third name, Krystyna Gizycka, and she was known on paper simply as ‘Madame G’. By the end of the war she had gone through many more identities, from her first alias, Mme Marchand, under which she was sent into Hungary in December 1939, to the ‘admitted libelous’ code-name the British gave her in Cairo, ‘Willing’, which spoke loudly both about Christine’s mode of gaining information, and the male British sense of humour of the time.
Christine was the first woman to work for the British as a special agent during the war. Despite having a life expectancy of just a few months while on operations, she was also Britain’s longest serving female agent, active in three different theatres of the war. For her outstanding courage and huge contribution to the Allied war effort, she was honoured with the OBE, the George Medal and the French Croix de Guerre as well as an array of service ribbons that would have made any General proud. And yet, as a woman, Christine was ineligible for British military honours, and had to accept their civil equivalent – something that enraged her and many of her female colleagues, one of whom wrote in disgust that there was ‘nothing remotely civil’ about what they had done.
Although Christine trained and served alongside men throughout the conflict, her gender always informed her experience of the war. She was in southern Africa when Poland was invaded, and by the time her ship reached Europe her home-country was occupied. Unable to sign up to fight alongside her compatriots, Christine determined to get Britain to support her plan to ski across the hazardous Carpathian mountains taking money and propaganda to the Polish resistance, and information – on microfilm hidden inside her gloves – back out. At this point the secret services were only recruiting through the Old Boys network, but Christine had contacts within this group and quickly used them to good effect. No other women would be taken on for another two years. Christine’s combination of independent-mindedness, determination and charm had given her the contacts she needed in Britain, Hungary and Poland, but it was her gender that
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cylinder engine is equipped with 2 cylinder head gasket. With quality head gasket, it helps to ensure maximum compression and prevent coolant or engine oil leakage into the cylinders. This help to ensure long lasting performance and maintaining the efficiency of an engine.
Why is head gasket important?
1. A fully functional cylinder head gasket is an important aspect of vehicle safety.
2. Prevent leakage while under high compression.
3. Silicone coating- heat resistance, withstand high temperature and oil resistance
4. Ensure smooth and contaminant- free engine operations<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Cartoline virtuali con nome Pamela, bigliettini con nome Pamela di compleanno, auguri, l'amore e molte altre
Il nome deriva dal greco pan e meli e significa 'tutto miele'. Il nome fu usato per la prima volta dallo scrittore Philip Sidney per il suo personaggio femminile dell'Arcadia del 1599. II nome fu poi ripreso da un altro scrittore, Richardson, che lo usò per la sua serva eroina Pamela Andrews, nella famosa novella 'Pamela' del 1740. L'onomastico pub essere festeggiato il 1° novembre in quanto si tratta di un nome adespota.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>- مجموعه: بهداشت بانوان
ترشحات سفید کشدار نشانه چیست؟
ترشحات سفید روی شورت نشانه ی چیست؟
ترشحات واژن، بخشی سالم از سلامت واژن است. نوع ترشحات واژینال شما ممکن است در طول چرخه قاعدگی تغییر کند، اما تقریباً در همه موارد، نشانه این است که همه چیز به خوبی کار می کند. نکته ی مهمتر این است که، ترشحات می تواند به معنای سالم بودن واژن شما باشد.
ترشح سفید در دختر نشانه چیست؟
در بالا به جواب این سوال پاسخ داده ایم که علت ترشح سفید در دختران و زنان برای چیست، با این حال، گاهی اوقات، ترشحات سفید واژن ممکن است نشانه یک مشکل اساسی باشد. ادامه مطلب را بخوانید تا بدانید که با داشتن چه ترشحاتی باید به پزشک مراجعه کنید.
چه عواملی باعث ترشح سفید غلیظ می شود ؟
ترشحات غلیظ و سفید می تواند در تمام دوره قاعدگی شما اتفاق بیفتد. این ترشحات به لكوره معروف است و كاملاً طبیعی است.
ترشحات ممکن است در روزهای منتهی به تخمک گذاری یا هنگام آزاد شدن تخمک، رقیق تر شروع شود. در طی تخمک گذاری، ترشحات یا مخاط ممکن است بسیار غلیظ و مانند موکوس شود.
دلیل ترشحات سفید واژن تخمک گذاری است و برخی از خانم ها از این به عنوان نشانه طبیعی باروری استفاده می کنند. اگر می خواستید باردار شوید، دیدن این ترشحات سفید و غلیظ ممکن است به شما نشان دهد که زمان رابطه جنسی فرا رسیده است.
از ترشحات واژن برای کمک به مرطوب و روان شدن بافت های واژن استفاده می شود. تحت تأثیر هورمون های تولید مثل شما است، به همین دلیل در کل چرخه قاعدگی و در بارداری تغییر می کند.
به همین ترتیب، ترشحات واژن نیز برای حفظ تعادل pH واژن است. مایعات به عنوان روانکاری طبیعی برای انتقال باکتری ها، آلودگی ها و میکروب ها از حفره واژن شما عمل می کنند.
تا زمانی که ترشحات بوی بدی نداشته باشد و علائم دیگری را تجربه نکنید، این نوع ترشحات طبیعی و سالم هستند. در حقیقت، بیشتر خانم ها هر روز حدود یک قاشق چایخوری ترشح تولید می کنند.
بعد از تخمک گذاری، این مقدار می تواند تا 30 برابر افزایش یابد. این مایعات اضافی ممکن است شما را ملزم به پوشیدن پدهای بهداشتی کند، اما نیازی به مراجعه به پزشک نیست.
چه عواملی باعث ترشحات سفید شیری می شود؟
در روزهای اول چرخه قاعدگی، ممکن است ترشحات واژن سفید و شیری داشته باشید. برخی از افراد این ترشحات را به عنوان یک قوام "سفید تخم مرغ" توصیف می کنند.
این ترشحات رقیق تر، علامت آماده شدن شما برای تخمک گذاری است. کاملاً طبیعی است. هرچه به پریود خود نزدیک می شوید، ممکن است ترشحات غلیظ و مات تر شوند.
این ترشحات سفید شیری، ممکن است نشانه بارداری شما باشد. در مراحل اولیه بارداری، برخی از افراد ترشحات رقیق و سفید شیری ایجاد می کنند. این ترشحات ناشی از تغییرات هورمونی است که بدن را برای 9 ماه بارداری آماده می کند.
ترشحات می تواند به پاک سازی باکتری ها، میکروب ها و آلودگی کمک کند. همچنین به تشکیل پلاگین مخاط در دهانه رحم کمک می کند. این باعث حفظ سلامت دهانه رحم و جلوگیری از انتشار باکتری در رحم، در دوران بارداری می شود.
تا زمانی که ترشحات سفید شیری بو نداشته باشد، به احتمال زیاد نشانه سلامت معمول واژن است. با این حال، اگر رنگ ترشحات سایه ای خاکستری سفید و بوی شدید ماهی ایجاد کند، ممکن است ترشحات نشانه عفونت باشد.
علائم رایج واژینوز باکتریایی شامل ترشحات سفید شیری و خاکستری با بوی بد است.
چه عواملی باعث ترشحات غلیظ، سفید و کدر می شود؟
اگر شما ترشحات غلیظ و سفید رنگی دارید که می توان آن را لخته لخته توصیف کرد، ممکن است ترشحات ناشی از عفونت مخمری را تجربه کنید.
واژن شما کار فوق العاده ای در حفظ تعادل pH و همچنین برای تعادل کل طیف باکتری ها و قارچ هایی که در آن زندگی می کنند، انجام می دهد. هر از گاهی، این تعادل بر هم می خورد و به برخی از باکتری های بد یا قارچ ها اجازه رشد می دهد.
این مورد در مورد عفونت مخمر است. قارچی به نام کاندیدا آلبیکانس می تواند به سرعت شکوفا شده و به یک عفونت تبدیل شود.
افراد مبتلا به عفونت مخمر ممکن است موارد زیر را تجربه کنند :
− ترشحات غلیظ با قوام پنیر خامه ای
− ترشحات سفید واژن که ممکن است زرد یا سبز شوند
− بوی بدی که از واژن می آید
− خارش روی فرج یا واژن
− تورم یا قرمزی در اطراف فرج
− احساس سوزش یا درد در هنگام ادرار کردن
− درد هنگام مقاربت
اگر فکر می کنید به عفونت مخمر مبتلا هستید، گزینه های درمانی بدون نسخه در دسترس شما است. داروهای تجویزی در موارد متوسط یا شدید استفاده می شوند.
در حالیکه تحت معالجه عفونت هستید باید از آمیزش خودداری کنید. برای درمان عفونت های مخمر واژن، درمان همسر لازم نیست زیرا این یک بیماری مقاربتی محسوب نمی شود. با این حال، در برخی از عفونت های مکرر زنانه، ممکن است لازم باشد همسر آن هم درمان شود.
اگر در طول یک سال بیش از دو مورد عفونت مخمر را تجربه کرده اید، قرار ملاقات با پزشک خود بگذارید. ممکن است موارد اساسی وجود داشته باشد که منجر به عفونت مکرر واژن شما شود.
چه عواملی باعث ترشحات غلیظ، سفید و چسبنده می شود؟
وقتی تخمک گذاری نکنید، بدن مایعات واژن غلیظ و چسبنده تولید می کند. این ترشحات واژن به عنوان مانعی برای جلوگیری از عبور اسپرم از دهانه رحم و داخل رحم شما عمل می کند.
گرچه ضد عفونی نیست، اما دفاع طبیعی بدن (ترشحات) می تواند از ورود میکروب و باکتری به دهانه رحم شما جلوگیری کند.
این می تواند به شما کمک کند که از عفونت کردن در چند روز پس از پریود جلوگیری شود، زمانی که واژن مایعات کمتری نسبت به سایر دوران تولید می کند. افزایش مایعات به شستن هر گونه باکتری یا میکروب کمک می کند که می تواند سلامتی و تعادل واژن شما را به خطر بیندازد.
چه موقع به پزشک مراجعه کنیم ؟
تقریباً در هر مورد، ترشحات ضخیم و سفید واژن نشانه سلامت و سلامتی اندام های تولید مثل شماست. با این حال، از زمان به زمان، ترشحات می تواند نشانه ای از یک مسئله اساسی در سلامتی باشد.
در صورت مشاهده علائم زیر همراه با ترشحات غیرمعمول واژن مراجعه به پزشک مهم است:
− درد
− خارش
− درد و ناراحتی
− خونریزی
− عقب انداختن پریود
− بثورات یا زخم همراه با ناراحتی واژن
− احساس سوزش هنگام ادرار کردن یا مقاربت
− بوی شدید و مداومی که از واژن می آید
تا زمانی که ترشحاتی که تجربه می کنید با این معیارها مطابقت نداشته باشد، مایعات اضافی که از واژن خارج می شوند نشانه سلامت کلی است. به عبارت دیگر، این یک چیز خوب است.
با کنار گذاشتن صابون ها، مواد شستشوی معطر، دوش، یا هر نوع محصول دیگری که واژن را از رطوبت طبیعی و سیستم های دفاعی ساخته شده خارج می کند، از برهم زدن تعادل pH در واژن خود جلوگیری کنید. این شامل ترشحات واژن است.
واژن برای مراقبت از خود و جلوگیری از عفونت های بعدی طراحی شده است. ترشحات طبیعی و سالم واژن نقش مهمی در این امر دارد.
دختران جوان و خانم ها پس از سن یائسگی
داشتن ترشح واژینال غیرطبیعی در دختران جوان قبل از رسیدن به سن بلوغ غیرمعمول است. اگر این اتفاق بیافتد، باید یک پزشک را ببینند. ممکن است یک شیئی مثل تامپون را در داخل واژن جا گذاشته باشند.
ترشح غیرطبیعی در زنان مسن هم غیرعادی است. اگر به سن یائسگی رسیده اید و ناگهان متوجه ترشح واژینال غیرطبیعی شده اید، بلافاصله با پزشکتان برای رد سرطان سرویکس (دهانه رحم) یا آندومتر (مخاط رحم) مشورت کنید.
گردآوری: بخش سلامت بیتوته<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>所谓“公有权”，即我国传统的国家所有权和集体所有权。公有权是我国所有制或经济制度的基础。[1]我国的公有权在具体的产权形式及其实现方式上，一直作为一个体制性和结构性问题，矛盾日益突显。同时，在立法方面，公有权应如何规制也成为直接影响和制约我国物权法制定的一个核心和焦点问题。笔者认为，所有权作为民法财产权制度的基础，目前在我国的物权法构建中还没有根本的解决方案，其中特别是两种公有权的地位及其与自然人和法人所有权或占有权的关系问题，始终没能在制度或体制层面的理顺，成为我国物权立法无法突破的体制结构性难点。2005年7月全国人大向社会公布的《中华人民共和国民法(草案)》（以下简称《物权法草案》）仍在传统体制的基础上实行一种有限“改良”的做法，其结果不能令人满意。然而，中国物权法制定的进程并没有完结，我们终将制定一部属于自己的物权法。因此，本着百家争鸣的原则，不断地对我国传统公有权制度的物权法构建进行探讨，甚至是提出一些批判或者反面意见，作为一种纯学术的观点，都是对立法负责的态度并代表着科学反思的精神，具有十分重要的现实意义。
一、国家所有权的物权法构建
《物权法草案》就国家所有权的构建，考虑到了目前我国国家所有权的实际情况并尽可能作出了一些合理安排。[2]然而，建立在国家所有权这一“非民法所有权”基本制度之上的物权法构建本身，就为这一构建增加或设置了许多难度或障碍并最终无法取得令人满意的结果。其根本是国家在民法上的地位问题。[3]即使是国家构成民事主体，其在民事主体制度中的地位如何落实，也是民事主体制度设计特别是所有权结构规制中一个涉及全局构建的问题。
民事主体或物权主体，一般为自然人和法人两类。然而，《物权法草案》为为确立我国所有权制度的国家、集体和私人的“三分法”立法方案，竟然回避作为一般民事主体的自然人和法人概念而用“权利人”一词概括之。这一概念的使用虽然可以在“物权法范围内”解决此前草案中一般物权主体规定与所有权立法模式之间的矛盾[4]，但是这又导致了物权法作为单行法与按一般民事主体制度构筑的民法体系即民法典体例的不合。也就是说，这个草案在制度构建上与《民法通则》一样，根本无法理顺主体制度与权利制度之间的关系，自然人与法人作为民事主体，其主体地位却在所有权制度的构建中落空；国家、集体和“私人”不是一般的民事主体，反在所有权制度的构建中被作为排斥自然人和法人所有权的主体存在。以此，整个物权法的根基就出现了严重的扭曲与错位。物权法的整个结构从根本上被破坏或者被空洞化了。
《物权法草案》中作为与“公有权”相对应的“私人所有权”概念同样是一个不符合法律逻辑的范畴：一方面，“私人”在民法上是被用来概括一般法律人格即包含自然人和法人在内的一般民事主体的概念；另一方面，就“私人所有权”概念的内涵而言，由于受“公有权”的限定，其并不是指单一的“自然人所有权”，而是指与“公有权”相对应的包括自然人所有权在内的各种形式的“私有权”。可见，使用这一概念有两个矛盾和不能周延的问题。其一，如果某一特定的“私人所有权”就是指一个自然人的所有权，那么在“私人所有权”这一法定概念下，也就不能称之为自然人所有权，即对于自然人享有的所有权，作为真正民事主体的自然人在制度上必须用“私人”这一概念替换并称谓之，这在立法技术或概念使用上表现为一种抽象能力与概括水平的低下；其二，结合我国现行立法及社会实际，所谓的“私人所有权”，应当是指私人或私营即非公有制性质的“自然人所有权”、“法人所有权”和“其他组织所有权”。显然，“私人所有权”在《物权法草案》的制度构建中是一个被综合使用或者只能是一个被综合理解的概念。这里的一个根本问题在于，在我产权制度改革的条件下，单纯的“国有”或“集体”所有越来越少，而更多的是“混合所有”，具有多元所有的成份。然而，根据一物一权原则，在一物之上，不能同时设定两个以上的所有权，因此，在“混合所有”的情况下，我们又不承认“自然人所有权”和“法人所有权”，那么构成法人或组织的财产在所有权性质上到底是一个“公有权”还是一个“私有权”呢？而各种不同成份的所有人又如何行使一个所有权呢？这在理论上就完全不能自足。总之，“私人所有权”的概念及其内涵，在公有权制度本身就存在严重矛盾与缺陷的基础上又平添了更多的理论混乱，使物权法构建中的诸多理论问题更加复杂和难以解决。
无疑，国家所有权对我国的社会体制结构具有决定性的意义。但是，这种以抽象国家为主体的的所有权制度，其物权法构建所遇到的一个基本问题，就是到底应当由谁来代表国家行使所有权？
有人认为：“国家所有权是全民所有权，不言而喻，人民代表大会应该是行使国家所有权的代表，它是所有权的代表人。因为代表全体人民的是人民代表大会，政府只是在人大通过的法律授权的范围内行使国家财产所有权利。意思就是说，重大国家财产的处分，应该通过人大审议。”[5]笔者认为，全国人大代表国家行使所有权，仍然等于没有解决国家所有权的代表问题。因为，全国人大本身作为国家的代表，就不是一个能够具体行使国家所有权的机构，尽管它可以审议通过国家重大的财产处分行为，但它仍不能在所有权制度上代表国家行使所有权。[6]所以，这一观点，看似在提出解决问题的方案，实际上不仅等于没有解决问题，而且是回到历史的老路上去，回避了问题的解决，甚至是一种理论观点上的倒退。
另一种观点，反对国家所有权的“唯一说”或“统一说”，[7]认为“这一学
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- Taliban, iki yıl boyunca acımasız lider Molla Omar’ın ölümünü örtbas ettiğini itiraf etti<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The Chinese government reacts with fury to any gesture of recognition given to the Dalai who fled the country into exile in 1959 and whom it regularly accuses of trying to "split" Tibet from the rest of China.
"This will be the first time that a sitting U.S. president will appear with the Dalai Lama in a public event," the International Campaign for Tibet said. Bush has previously met with the Dalai Lama at the White House.
The Dalai Lama who fled into exile in India after a failed uprising against communist rule in 1959 is branded by China as a "separatist." The Nobel Peace Prize winner says he only wants greater autonomy for the region.
The award ceremony will come just weeks after Bush's current efforts to try to persuade China to influence the military rulers of Myanmar to stop using force against protesters and to release political prisoners.
The award of the Congressional Gold Medal has been perceived by some as a sign of a more anti-Chinese mood in Washington. Nancy Pelosi, the new Democratic House Speaker, has a long record of attacking China over its human rights record, and was once arrested in Tiananmen Square for staging a protest. "The United States must continue to be committed to meeting the challenge that Tibet makes to the conscience of the world," she said.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Anticipating a world population of 9 billion people by 2050, global agriculture faces the daunting challenge of increasing food production by 70 percent to 100 percent in the next four decades, without significantly increasing prices.
To better focus on the overwhelming task at hand, a multidisciplinary team of 55 agricultural and food experts from the world’s major agricultural organizations, scientific societies and academic institutions recently identified the top 100 questions that must be answered to achieve such a dramatic increase in global food production. Among this group was Thomas P. Tomich, director of the Agricultural Sustainability Institute at UC Davis.
Those 100 key questions for the future of global food production appear this month in the International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability.
The top 100 questions cover 13 priority themes and are intended to help frame the research, policy and funding agendas for global agriculture. They were selected from an initial list of 618 questions that had been identified by a core group of experts representing universities, United Nations agencies, research institutes, non-governmental organizations, foundations and regional research secretariats in 23 countries.
Tomich, one of the paper’s co-authors, predicts that global agricultural and food systems will have to change substantially to feed the world, especially in light of looming issues such as climate change, water stresses, energy insecurity and dietary shifts.
“California is a hub for technological and scientific innovation, and we can set the pace for a transition to a more sustainable food system, providing inspiration and insights for the world,” Tomich said. “Indeed, if we cannot pull this off in California, who can?”
He noted that it is imperative for the scientific research agenda to keep abreast with the challenges of global food production.
“For California agriculture to stay at the cutting edge in a competitive food system that is facing increasingly complex challenges worldwide, our researchers need to be engaged globally,” he said.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Indigenous Peoples Left Out in the Cold at Rio+20
The Declaration of Kari-Oca is by Far the Strongest, Clearest, and Most Purposeful Statement Made at the UN Conference
This article originally appeared at Climate Connections
When Clayton Thomas-Muller, a Cree organizer from Canada, sat on a panel at Rio+20 to announce a campaign to prevent Shell Oil from drilling in the Arctic, he was accompanied by billionaire biofuels baron Sir Richard Branson, Kumi Naidoo of Greenpeace International, and actress Lucy Lawless (perhaps better known as Xena, Warrior Princess).
Photo by Jeff Conant
“Resisting environmental destruction on indigenous lands is a movement of the Inupiak, Iliut, Gwich’in, Dene, Inuit, Tlingit, Yupik and Athabascan tribes, who have risen up to challenge the fossil fuel industry and demand our rights to an environment that is conducive to subsistence,” he began.
Of the people on the panel, Thomas-Muller was the only one directly impacted by the issue. Yet, amidst the Hollywood glare, he was not the one to whom the media flocked.
After the media scrum followed the stars away, Thomas-Muller, in long black ponytail and t-shirt bearing the logo of his organization, the Indigenous Environmental Network (IEN), told me, “The Greenpeace campaign is good, but it’s a symbolic campaign. What’s really going to make a difference is Alaska natives, Inuit living in Canada, strong social movement organizing, civil disobedience, and the assertion of sovereignty by the people of the circumpolar regions who have taken care of the Arctic for the last 12,000 years.”
His point reflects one of the principles ceaselessly voiced by IEN and other groups that adhere to the tenets of environmental justice: “We speak for ourselves.”
Even in his opening statement, one imagines that Thomas-Muller felt compelled to list the Peoples of the Canadian Arctic to at least invoke their presence at a summit at which they were nowhere present. Unfortunately, Rio+20, like other global summits of this nature, was largely inaccessible to the people, and the Peoples, who are at once most impacted by socio-environmental destruction and most central to the struggle against it.
At Rio Centro, the vast conference center where Rio+20 took place last week, the food court was adorned with artful photos of Amazonian natives with bare chests and ceremonial paint and feathers scenically situated in their natural habitats. But nowhere in the conference were such people visible in flesh and blood.
Indeed, when 400 Indigenous representatives arrived en masse from the nearby Kari-Oca encampment to deliver a declaration to UN officials, they were rebuffed by Brazilian military police and prevented entrance by UN security.
Only a handful of the Indigenous delegates were allowed to enter the summit grounds. When they did, it was far and away the most powerful statement in a week dominated by vague calls for ‘protecting our future,’ a concerted push by governments and corporations for an ill-defined ‘green economy’, and widespread celebration of ‘public-private partnerships’ that will bring ‘sustained and sustainable economic growth’.
At that ceremonial entrance, Lakota Chief Orville Looking-Horse in full war-bonnet, Windel Bolinget of the Igorot people in the Philippines, Mexican Nahua-Otomi native Berenice Sanchez of the Global Alliance Against REDD, Tom Goldtooth of the Indigenous Environmental Network, and Marcos Terrena, an indigenous leader from Brazil, came shaking rattles and ululating cries of war. The band of native warriors from many tribes was quickly and constantly swarmed by media and delegates alike. Everyone wanted a photograph of the procession, for their mother if not for their editor.
At a pre-arranged place in one of the outdoor areas of the summit, the Indigenous leaders presented the newly minted Declaration of Kari-Oca II to UN Director for Sustainable Development Nikhil Seth, and Gilberto Carvalho, the Chief Minister to the Presidency of Brazil. The two officials acted with grace and diplomacy. What else could they do?
Photo by Jeff Conant
After the hand-off of the document, Alberto Saldamando, Zapotec-Chicano, and the legal counsel for IEN, noted that, “The significance of this event was underscored by the flight of a condor overhead as the declaration was handed off.”
The Declaration of Kari-Oca, agreed to by over 500 grassroots Indigenous Peoples from many nations, is by far the strongest, clearest, and most purposeful statement made at Rio+20, and is worth quoting at length:
“We see the goals of UNCSD Rio+20, the ‘Green Economy’ and its premise that the world can only ‘save’ nature by commodifying its life-giving capacities as a continuation of the colonialism that Indigenous Peoples and our Mother Earth have faced and resisted for 520 years.”
“Since Rio 1992,” the Declaration states, “we as Indigenous Peoples see that colonization has become the very basis of the globalization of trade and the dominant capitalist global economy. The exploitation and plunder of the world’s ecosystems and biodiversity, as well as the violations of the inherent rights of Indigenous Peoples that depend on them, have intensified. Our rights to self-determination, to our own governance and own self-determined development, our inherent rights to our lands, territories and resources are increasingly and alarmingly under attack by the collaboration of governments and transnational corporations. Indigenous activists and leaders defending their territories continue to suffer repression, militarization, including assassination, imprisonment, harassment and vilification as ‘terrorists.’ The violation of our collective rights faces the same impunity. Forced relocation or assimilation assault our future generations, cultures, languages, spiritual ways and relationship to the earth, economically and politically.”
While the declaration will bear no political significance within the United Nations, this is beside the point. As Alberto Saldamando told me, “What they are doing here in the UN is to create more markets, and the fact is, the only resources that remain on this planet are on Indigenous Peoples’ lands. This is not a matter of words, it’s a matter of survival. What you see before you is a gathering of people who are under attack.”
Of course, the exclusion of native Peoples from the UN process comes as no surprise; this is, after all, the United Nations, not the United Peoples, and it is the nation-state itself that bears responsibility for five centuries of genocide.
So, amidst NGO rubber-necking at the ‘failure of Rio,’ the weak and bland final text, and the so-called crisis of multilateralism, (not to mention the crisis of capitalism and the crisis of global governance), it is worth remembering the Peoples whose very existence is erased, de facto, by the United Nations process – and upon whom the stewardship of the earth’s remaining resources largely depends.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>This room would be filled with lots of toys, puppets, games etc. The colourful atmosphere of this room would not only engage children with the above mentioned props but would help them to develop their cognitive skills related to colours, animals and other things.
This room would provide children an opportunity to show their creativity through various activities related to arts & crafts. Just imagine a child holding a pencil in her/his hands and surprises us by what comes out of it. This room would help children to develop their creative and logical faculty.
The Montessori method of education, developed by Dr. Maria Montessori, is a child centered educational approach. It is based on scientific observations of children from birth to adulthood. It is a time tested, with over 100 year of success in diverse cultures throughout the world.
We all are living in a digitalized world. Gadgets and machines have now become a part and parcel of our lives. Children as they born and grow are now exposed to various kind of technological innovations which once were like a dream for us.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The great infographic below depicts how offices have changed in both in terms of design and technology over the past 50 years . If you are a worker then for sure you see that workplace is constantly evolving and adapting. Do you know that the largest office building in the world is the Pentagon in the USA? Another interesting fact depicted in the infographic is that the world’s first skyscraper was the Home Insurance Building in Chicago.
Detailed comparison between office tools in 1950’s and techonology nowadays. Office tools in the past included dial-up telephones, filing cabinets, rolodex, typewriter and paper. These days typewriter is replaced by laptop, paper is disappearing and is replaced by cloud computing technology and file sharing.
Embed This Image On Your Site (copy code below):<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>【大纪元2024年02月24日讯】（大纪元记者张婷综合报导）以色列总理本雅明‧内塔尼亚胡（Benjamin Netanyahu）披露了对加沙的第一个战后官方计划，称以色列将保持对巴勒斯坦地区的安全控制，并使重建依赖于非军事化。
据路透社报导，该计划汇集了以色列一系列既定立场，强调了内塔尼亚胡对建立巴勒斯坦国的抵制。总理认为，巴勒斯坦国是一种安全威胁，但他没有明确排除在未来某个阶段建立巴勒斯坦国的可能性。
内塔尼亚胡的战后计划文件提议，以色列将维持对约旦以西所有土地的安全控制，包括被占领的约旦河西岸和加沙地带。而巴勒斯坦人则希望在这些地区建立一个独立国家。
内塔尼亚胡周四（2月22日）向安全内阁提交了这一计划。在列出的长期目标中，内塔尼亚胡拒绝“单方面承认”巴勒斯坦国。他表示，只有通过双方直接谈判，才能与巴勒斯坦人达成和解，但他没有透露巴勒斯坦一方是谁。
在加沙，以色列建议用当地代表取代哈马斯的行政控制。这些代表“不隶属于恐怖国家或组织，也不受他们的财政支持”，并将加沙的非军事化和去激进化作为中期要实现的目标。
“总理的原则文件反映了公众对战争目标的广泛共识，也反映了公众对以文官取代哈马斯在加沙统治的广泛共识。”内塔尼亚胡办公室发表声明说。
巴勒斯坦很快就驳回了这一战后计划。巴勒斯坦权力机构主席（Palestinian Authority President）马哈茂德‧阿巴斯（Mahmoud Abbas）的发言人告诉路透社，内塔尼亚胡的提案注定会失败。
以色列的主要盟友美国一直支持两国方案。美国国务卿安东尼‧布林肯（Antony Blinken）周五（2月23日）表示，美国对以色列宣布在被占领的约旦河西岸建造新定居点的计划感到失望，称这些计划对实现持久和平起反作用。
“它们也不符合国际法。我们的政府坚决反对扩建定居点，我们认为这只会削弱而不是加强以色列的安全。”布林肯说。
责任编辑：林妍#<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>History of youth work
History of youth work
In a number of countries youth work definitions and missions recently have been under discussion and also on a European level the new EU framework for youth policy comes up with a new role for a more professionalised youth work. What lessons can we draw from youth work's history?
Youth Work in times of change
Youth work has always played a role in broader social and pedagogical strategies but there is indeed a risk of instrumentalisation and youth work becoming a weapon for all targets. This ambivalent position of youth work practice lead to a discussion on youth work's identity and its essential features. Especially the reframing from a so-called passive welfare state into an active welfare state has re-emphasised the moral and pedagogical role of youth work and this has led to a revaluation of historical consciousness in youth work practice, policy and research especially in the UK and in Germany. This interest in youth work's history has recently been taken up by the EU-CoE Youth Partnership, finding its way to Belgium with the organisation of two expert seminars and the first European Conference on Youth Work History.
What we tend to think of as ‘the essential features' of youth work is carried by young people, policymakers, researchers, youth workers, parents and other social professionals. Youth work is group work, work in leisure time, based on informal learning, based on association and recreation, …These characterics have a long history. They sometimes structure our practices without being visible or questionable. Therefore it is useful to be aware of where we come from and where we think we are going. How did youth work principles evolve through history? Which evidences have been thrown overboard and why? Which policies have already been tried before, although they are now introduced as brand-new? History won't tell us what to do in the future, but it is a mirror in which today's practices and policies can be critically examined.
Different roots, from lifeworld to system
Youth work is known now as a social and pedagogical intervention in the third socialisation environment. It has its roots however in the school on the one hand and poverty relief on the other hand. The school formed a platform for young people to be together, celebrating autonomy, creating an own youth culture and cherishing an own, youthful perspective on society. In that sense school was the cradle of different youth movements at the end of the 19th Century, with the German Wandervögel as a well-known exponent. The Wandervögel were formed by some college students who resisted the huge social transformations (industrialisation, proletarisation, urbanisation, …) of the time. They did not want to uncritically follow in the footsteps of their fathers. They sang, hiked and camped and created a distinct youth culture.
In about the same period there were people that suffered from exactly the same huge transformations: working class kids who were unemployed or too young to work, spending their days wandering on the streets and often committing petty crime. Well-meaning people from bourgeoisie or church took care of these young people from the working class. They were brought together in what was called ‘patronages', ‘settlements' or ‘oratorio'. The Italian priest don Bosco is a famous pioneer here. In these youth care institutions children and young people could come to play and enjoy themselves. Adult counsellors certainly hoped that they also could motivate young people to pray and to learn. In that sense youth work also descended from social work.
Both youth work as social work or youth work as youth movement existed in about every European country. In these roots one can identify two powerful and often competing sources of inspiration: the social question and the youth question. The former started up as a public intervention to deal with the integration of the lower social classes in mainstream society. The latter starts from a lifeworld perspective and is an attempt to change society so that it fits better the needs of young people, emancipating as a distinct age group. Depending on the perspective one takes, the integration efforts take into account either the social context, or the individual development of young people. Throughout history, youth work has always been oscillating between its
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接下来，你需要了解如何在抖音上建立品牌知名度。你可以通过使用正确的标签、利用抖音的算法推广你的内容等方式，来建立品牌在抖音上的知名度。推广活动时，你还可以考虑使用抖音的广告服务，以帮助你获得更多的曝光。
最后，你需要保持在抖音上活跃，与你的粉丝互动。这是一个关键的部分，你需要回复用户的评论、给他们发送信息，回答他们的问题等等。这样做能够建立与你的粉丝之间的关系，帮助你获得更多的关注度和信任，这对于你在抖音上进行有关营销活动来说，是非常重要的。
总之，抖音已经成为许多品牌、企业的一个重要的营销渠道。如果你想要在抖音上开展一个成功的营销活动，你需要了解你的目标受众，创造与他们相关的内容，建立品牌知名度，并与你的粉丝互动交流。希望这些对抖音营销提问的技巧能够帮助你在抖音上取得成功。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>بلفاست نقد و بررسی می شود
به گزارش کارکادو، فیلم سینمایی «بلفاست» به کارگردانی کنت برانا یکشنبه ۱۵ آبان ماه در فرهنگسرای ارسباران اکران و بعد از آن نقد و بررسی می شود.
به گزارش کارکادو به نقل از مدیریت روابط عمومی فرهنگسرای ارسباران، فیلم سینمایی «بلفاست» به نویسندگی و کارگردانی کنت برانا یکشنبه ۱۵ آبان ماه ۱۴۰۱ ساعت ۱۸ در سالن آمفی تئاتر فرهنگسرای ارسباران اکران و بعد از آن با حضور کورش جاهد کارشناس سینما نقد و بررسی می شود.
این فیلم برنده جایزه اسکار فیلمی نیمه اتوبیوگرافیک است که زندگی یک خانواده کارگری و کودکی پسر خردسالشان را در جریان آشوب اواخر دهه هزار و نهصد و شصت در پایتخت ایرلند شمالی روایت می کند.
علاقمندان برای حضور در پانصد و شصت و یکمین نشست باشگاه فیلم تهران می توانند به فرهنگسرای ارسباران واقع در خیابان شریعتی بالاتر از پل سیدخندان، خیابان جلفا رجوع کنند.
منبع: karkado.ir
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نظرات بینندگان در مورد این مطلب<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>There are some things that you can’t learn from a book or in school. You need to experience it firsthand to understand the full scope, and farming is one of those things. For the past nine years, Peoria County’s Neighbor Kids Dairy 4-H Special Interest (SPIN) club has taught youth of all ages life skills such as work ethics, responsibility, safety awareness, communication, problem solving, caring for others as well as a better understanding of the agriculture industry and where our food comes from.
Peoria County farmer and 4-H alum Fred Rosenbohm of Linden Hills Dairy Farm shares his love and knowledge of dairy farming with youth in the 4-H dairy SPIN club. The majority of youth that participate in this special interest club are green hands to farming and livestock. In this club, youth have the unique opportunity to experience the many facets of dairy farming with hands-on activities and research projects.
A major goal is to learn about the importance of milk, what goes into producing milk, and caring for dairy cows. A few of the research topics youth explore include dairy breeds & origination, characteristics of different breeds and terminology, nutrition for all ages of cattle, health and vaccination programs for calves, quality of milk, how price is determined, and marketing or promotion of dairy products.
A few of the hands-on activities in which youth participate include feeding, tattooing, de-horning, and vaccinating cattle, properly milking cows, showing animals, and properly haltering, tying, clipping and grooming animals. A bonus feature of the club is that the youth demonstrate the skills they’ve gained by showing a dairy cow at the Peoria County 4-H Show.
Kassie Haage a nine-year dairy SPIN club member described how the members learn time management skills. “We have to make sure our cows are trained and clipped before the show. In addition, we learn the values of leadership. Each time we come to the farm, we learn how to work together as a team and how to be the most effective with the time presented. We are accountable for helping each other get the work done while still enjoying the experience.”
“The agriculture world is so important in all of our lives,” stated Cathy Ludolph, 4-H program coordinator. “It provides things we use on a daily basis and often times take for granted such as the food we eat, the clothes we wear, and the fuel that powers our lives. I believe for youth to have this rare, special opportunity to experience farm life firsthand will change the way they see food. Food now becomes the result of hard work, kind of like a reward and not just something that comes from the grocery store. I also think you have greater respect for those that provide our food when you know first hand the hard work that goes into growing it.”
4-H offers youth a wide variety of opportunities to explore new interests, meet new people, and develop skills that provide a solid foundation for happy and productive lives.
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Extension Snapshots are monthly impact reports that share the stories of our programs in Fulton, Mason, Peoria, and Tazewell counties. To have them delivered to you directly sign up using our E-blast registration.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>4857 sayılı İş Kanunun Çalışma koşullarında değişiklik ve iş sözleşmesinin feshi başlıklı. 22. Maddesine göre: "İşveren, iş sözleşmesiyle veya iş sözleşmesinin eki niteliğindeki personel yönetmeliği ve benzeri kaynaklar ya da işyeri uygulamasıyla oluşan çalışma koşullarında esaslı bir değişikliği ancak durumu işçiye yazılı olarak bildirmek suretiyle yapabilir. Bu şekle uygun olarak yapılmayan ve işçi tarafından altı işgünü içinde yazılı olarak kabul edilmeyen değişiklikler işçiyi bağlamaz. İşçi değişiklik önerisini bu süre içinde kabul etmezse, işveren değişikliğin geçerli bir nedene dayandığını veya fesih için başka bir geçerli nedenin bulunduğunu yazılı olarak açıklamak ve bildirim süresine uymak suretiyle iş sözleşmesini feshedebilir. İşçi bu durumda 17 ila 21 inci madde hükümlerine göre dava açabilir.
Taraflar aralarında anlaşarak çalışma koşullarını her zaman değiştirebilir. Çalışma koşullarında değişiklik geçmişe etkili olarak yürürlüğe konulamaz." Denilmektedir.
Yargıtay içtihatlarına göre, çalışma koşullarında esaslı değişiklik uygulamasında aşağıda belirtilen hususlara dikkat edilmesi gerekir.
1- İş hukuku, işçi hakları yönünden sürekli ileriye yönelik gelişimci bir karaktere sahiptir.
2- İşçiye, mümkünse, onun açısından en az olumsuzluk teşkil eden teklifte bulunulmalıdır.
3- Çalışma koşulları bakımından geriye gidişin işçinin rızası hilafına yapılamaması gerekir.
4- Çalışma koşullarında değişiklik konusunda işçinin rızasının yazılı alınması yasa gereğidir. Aynı zamanda işverence değişiklik teklifinin de yazılı olarak yapılması gerekir.
5- Yapılan değişiklik önerisi, altı işgünü içinde işçi tarafından yazılı olarak kabul edilmediği sürece işçiyi bağlamaz. Bu sürenin geçirilmesinden sonra, işçinin değişiklik önerisini kabul etmesi, işçi tarafından işverene yöneltilen yeni icaptır.
6- Yazılı olarak bir kabul olmamakla birlikte işçinin değişikliği kuşkuya yer vermeyecek biçimde kabul anlamına gelen davranışlar içine girmesi halinde, işçinin bu davranışı 22 nci maddenin ikinci fıkrası anlamında, çalışma koşullarında anlaşma yoluyla değişiklik olarak değerlendirilmelidir. İşyerinde müdür unvanını taşıyan bir işçinin daha alt bir göreve verilmesi ve işçinin bu yeni görevini benimseyerek çalışması durumu buna örnek olarak verilebilir.
7- İş sözleşmesinin değiştirilmesini gerektiren bir geçerli nedenin varlığının tespiti halinde, ikinci aşamada fiilen teklif edilen sözleşme değişikliğinin kanuna, toplu iş sözleşmesine ve ölçülülük ilkesine uygun olup, olmadığı ve işçiden bu teklifi kabul etmesinin haklı olarak beklenebilip, beklenemeyeceği, bir başka anlatımla, kendisine yapılan değişiklik teklifini kabullenmek zorunda olup olmadığı denetiminin yapılması gerekir.
8- İş sözleşmesinde, gerektiğinde çalışma koşullarında değişiklik yapabileceğine dair düzenlemeler bulunması halinde, işverenin genişletilmiş yönetim hakkından söz edilir.
Kaynakça
4857 sayılı İş Kanunu
Yargıtay 7. H.D. E. 2014/4483 K. 2014/11162 T. 26.05.2014
http://calismatoplum.org/search_gcse/?q=Esasl%C4%B1
22.01.2019
Kaynak: www.MuhasebeTR.com
(Bu makale kaynak göstermeden yayınlanamaz. Kaynak gösterilse dahi, makale aktif link verilerek yayınlanabilir. Kaynak göstermeden ve aktif link vermeden yayınlayanlar hakkında yasal işlem yapılacaktır.)<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>نتایج بررسی های این تحقیق از اهمیت هر چهار تبیین حکایت دارد (واتز، 2003 ص 287). به گونه ای واتز در این تحقیق بیان می کند که یکی از ویژگی های مشترک در این عوامل اقتصادی وجود دارد و آن این است که در تمامی این موارد یک تابع نا متقارن مشاهده می شود. برای مثال بر اساس تبیین قرار دادی، سهامداران به واسطه مسئولیت محدودشان تابع زیان نا متقارن دارند و لذا انگیزه دارند که با ارائه بیش از واقع سود و خالص دارایی ها، ثروت را از سوی وام دهنده گان به خود منتقل کنند. به همین شکل، مدیران نیز دارای مسئولیت محدود بوده و از انگیزه لازم برای ارائه بیش از واقع عملکرد شرکت و انتقال ثروت از سهامداران به خود برخوردارند. نقاط مشترک بین این چهار تبیین، بیانگر آن است که شاید آن ها، همگی تجلی یک تبیین باشند (واتز 2003، ص 210).
سیمون هو و دیگران (2009): ساختارهای پیچیده سرمایه و محافظه کاری
این مطالعه به بررسی محافظه کاری حسابداری در واحدهای تجاری با مالکان چندگانه می پردازد. در واقع، آنها به بررسی همبستگی پراکندگی جریانات نقدی میان سهامداران کنترل کننده و محافظه کاری حسابداری پرداخته اند. بعلاوه چگونگی تفاوتهای نوع مالکیت بین سهامداران کنترل کننده، مالکیتهای خانوادگی، و نهادهای قانونی و تأثیرات آنها براین همبستگی، با در نظر گرفتن نمونه هایی فراگیر و اطلاعات شرکتهای اروپای شرقی انجام شد. براساس انجام آنالیزهای تحلیلی، آنها نشان دادند که؛ 1)پراکندگی جریانات نقدی بین مالکان بزرگ چند گانه همبستگی مثبتی با محافظه کاری حسابداری دارد، 2) همبستگی مثبت میان پراکندگی جریانات نقد و محافظه کاری حسابداری هنگامی بیشتر مشخص می شود که سهامداران کنترل کننده از گروههای مختلفی تشکیل شده باشند، 3) مالکیتهای خانوادگی، همبستگی مثبت میان پراکندگی وجه نقد و محافظه کاری حسابداری را افزایش می دهد، 4) همبستگی مثبت میان پراکندگی حقوق جریان نقد و محافظه کاری حسابداری در کشورهای با نهادهای قا نونی قوی بیشتر خود را نشان می دهد.
این پژوهش نسبت به سایر متون مربوطه با همین روش دارای مزیت هایی است. اولاً این پژوهش اهمیت و سپس بزرگی سهامداران کنترل کننده در تأثیر گذاری بر سطوح محافظه کاری حسابداری را برجسته می سازد. دوماً این پژوهش اهمیت نقش تفاوت نوع سرمایه گذاران را در تأثیر گذاری بر همبستگی بین پراکندگی حقوق وجه نقد و محافظه کاری، تقویت می کند. سوماً این مقاله اهمیت مالکیت خانوادگی را در تأثیر پذیری از مشکلات نمایندگی بین سهامداران اقلیت و اکثریت نشان داده و برجسته می سازد. چهارماً این مقاله، تمرکز خود را بر اهمیت نهادهای قانونی در تأثیر گذاری بر ایجاد مکانیسم های حاکمیت شرکتی در سطح شرکت قرار می دهد. نهایتاً، یافته های این پژوهش کاربرد مهمی برای نهادهای استاندارگذار برای رفع نمودن یا اصلاح محافظه کاری در گزارشهای مالی داشته باشد.
دیمیتریس کوسینیدیس و همکاران (2009) تاثیر گزارشگری محافظه کارانه را بر بار اطلاعاتی سودهای حسابداری مورد بررسی قرار دادند.
ژانگ (2008)، رابطه ی بین دامنه ی متفاوت نرخ بهره و میزان گزارشگری مالی محافظه کارانه توسط شرکت ها را بررسی نمود. وی شواهدی در این باره ارائه نمود که کاهش در نرخ بهره، قابل انتساب به این است که اعتبار گیرندگان محافظه کارتر علامت های به موقع تری را از تغییرات در ریسک عدم پرداخت فراهم می کنند؛ و چنین نتیجه گرفت که محافظه کاری در گزارشگری مالی برای کاهش هزینه های نمایندگی استقراض، بسیار مهم است.
آنگ و اشمیدما (2011) در پژوهش خود با عنوان ” انعطاف پذیری مالی: آیا شرکت ها برای بحران مالی آمادگی دارند؟” به این نتیجه رسیدند که آگاهی از مواجه شدن با یک بحران مالی در آینده می تواند از کمبود بودجه شرکت در آینده جلوگیری کرده و ارزش شرکت را برای سرمایه گذاران حفظ نماید. در این صورت شرکت از انعطاف پذیری لازم برای مقابله با هر نوع تهدید مالی برخوردار خواهد بود.
لی و الورن (2000) در پژوهشی با عنوان “تأمین مالی خارج از ترازنامه سبب ایجاد ارزش برای شرکت میشود”، با معرفی 4 فاکتور مزیتهای هزینه، اختیارات مدیریتی، انتقال ریسک، هزینه های انجام معامله/عدم تقارن اطلاعاتی، به این نتیجه رسیدند که تأمین مالی خارج از ترازنامه از طریق تغییر در چهار فاکتور مشروحه بالا موجب ارزش افزایی برای شرکت میشود، علت این امر نیز این است که این شیوه از تأمین مالی مسائلی همچون افزایش سرمایه، هزینه سرمایه، صرفههای اقتصادی، انتقال ریسکهای عمده و … را که سایر راهکارهای تأمین مالی قادر به حل آن نیستند را به آسانی حل مینماید.
چن و همکاران(2010) در پژوهشی به این نتیجه رسیدند که پس از تامین مالی، در عملکرد سهام شرکت های بزرگ اختلال بوجود می آید، بنابراین تنوع در بازده و ترکیب سهام شرکت های بزرگ، بستگی به نوع تأمین مالی آنها دارد.
جی (2006) در پژوهشی در خصوص رابطه بین فعالیتهای خارج از ترازنامه و ثبات درآمدها و قیمت سهام دریافت که افزایش در فعالیتهای اجاره عملیاتی منجر به کاهش درآمدهای آتی میشود. همچنین یافتههای او با نزولی بودن بازده نهایی سرمایهگذاری در اجارههای عملیاتی سازگار بود.
ژانگ (2007) در پژوهشی با مبنا قرار دادن تئوری عدم تقارن اطلاعاتی و تئوری نمایندگی، تأثیر تأمین مالی خارج از ترازنامه را بر کارایی اقتصادی شرکتها مورد بررسی قرار داده و به این نتیجه رسید که شرکتها به دلیل کارایی اقتصادی این روش تأمین مالی، تمایل بیشتری به استفاده از آن دارند.
هرون و لی به بررسی تاثیر روش های مختلف انتشار سهام جهت تامین مالی، مانند عرضه های اولیه (IPO)، عرضه های ثانویه و عرضه حق تقدم خرید سهام بر عملکرد مالیاتی پرداختند. آن ها دریافتند شرکت هایی که در عرضه اولیه، سهام را به طور منظم ارائه می کنند، بهبودهایی در عملکرد مالیاتی پیرامون عرضه اولیه سهام دارند. به طور کلی، این تحقیق نشان میدهد که عملکرد عملیاتی به میزان زیادی با نوع تامین مالی شرکت رابطه دارد.
کسر ارتباط میزان و نوع تامین مالی و عملکرد مالیاتی آتی و گذشته شرکت هایی از بورس نیویورک را مورد بررسی قرار داد که طی سال های 1967 تا 1998 تامین مالی کرده بودند.
سنجه های مورد استفاده برای ارزیابی عملکرد عملیاتی پیرامون تامین مالی شامل عرضه اولیه سهام بازده دارایی ها، بازده فروش، نسبت درآمد عملیاتی قبل از استهلاک و بهره بر دارایی، نسبت درآمد عملیاتی قبل از کسر استهلاک و بهره بر فروش، نسبت وجه نقد عملیاتی به دارایی ها و نسبت وجه نقد عملیاتی به فروش بود. نتایج بررسی نشان داد که تغییرات در عملکرد عملیاتی شرکت، به طور منظم با میزان و نوع تامین مالی شرکت رابطه دارد. این رابطه برای تغییرات آتی منفی و برای تغییرات قبلی مثبت بود؛ همچنین، تامین مالی از طریق فروش سهام، در مقایسه با سایر منابع تامین مالی مثل بدهی بلندمدت، با تغییرات عملکرد بیشتر رابطه داشت.
ریچاردسون و اسلوان در تحقیقی تحت عنوان ” ارتباط تامین مالی خارجی با بازده آتی سهام” به بررسی کلیه روشهای تامین مالی خارجی پرداختند و دریافتند که تغییرات خالص تامین مالی خارجی با بازده سهام موردانتظار یک رابطه منفی دارد. آنها در نهایت دریافتند که پیش بینی بازده آتی سهام تا حد زیادی بستگی به ساختار سرمایه دارد.
دونالدسون، میرز و برادلی در سال 1961 تحقیقی را درباره عملکرد تأمین مالی شرکت های بزرگ انجام دادند. تحقیق آن ها نشان داد که مدیریت از منابع داخلی به عنوان یک منبع جدید وجوه شدیداً طرفداری می کند و حتی منابع مالی خارجی را کنار می گذارد و در صورت نیاز به منابع مالی خارجی بیش تر از استقراض استفاده می کنند. حتی زمانی که نسبت قیمت به سود بالا بوده است و با وجود مناسب بودن زمان فروش سهام عادی، نسبت به انتشار سهام بی میلی نشان می دادند، به گونه ای که هزینه سرمایه ای شامل سرمایه گذاری در موجودی ها و سایر دارایی های جاری را از منابع داخلی تأمین کرده اند.
برادشاو، ریچاردسون و اسل
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حال مذاکره برای تامین بخشی از اکسیژن مورد نیاز وتامین فاینانس برای دو واحد هوای دیگر برای طرح های آتی است.
وی ادامه داد: با توجه به اهمیت سیستم های تصفیه پساب این شرکت پس از بررسی و انتخاب تکنولوژی مناسب وروز دنیا در این واحد سیستم (MBR)مناقصه مهندسی برگزار و پیمانکار انتخاب و فعالیت های اجرایی پساب آغاز شده است. کلیه خطوط و پاپینگ در تمام طرح های فاز2 از یکسال پیش شروع ودر حال تکمیل است.
به گزارش نیپنا، شرکت پتروشیمی دماوند، تامین کننده یوتیلیتی و آفسایت فاز دوم پتروشیمی منطقه ویژه اقتصادی انرژی پارس است و با هدف تامین برق، آب، بخار، هوای فشرده، اکسیژن، ازت، گاز سوخت و خوراک و شبکه خطوط ارتباطی مجتمع های تولیدی فاز دوم طرح های پتروشیمی فعالیت می کند.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Ağır yaralanan genç kızlar tedaviye alındı.
Kaza, bugün saat 14.00 sıralarında Yeni Mahalle'nde meydana geldi. İddiaya göre, komşu olan Emine Özerli ile Ebru Çolaker, birlikte kuaföre gitmek için raylardan geçmek istedi. Bu sırada Gaziantep'ten gelen iki vagonlu bakım aracı, genç kızlara çarptı. Kazada ağır yaralanan Özerli ve Çolaker, çağrılan ambulanslarla götürüldükleri Osmaniye Devlet Hastanesi'nde tedaviye alındı. (SNK)<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Cominciamo con l'Ucraina
L'errore più profondo di molti russi che hanno commentato gli eventi ucraini è stata la convinzione che "ci sono esattamente gli stessi russi lì, ma con passaporti ucraini". Bene, nel senso, ad eccezione di uno stretto gruppo di Bandera retribuito, la gente pensa quasi come in Russia. Sulla base di questo, un'analisi della situazione in Ucraina è stata condotta per molti anni. E persone molto, molto ingenue, osservando la dura repressione dei manifestanti da qualche parte in Europa / USA, iniziano immediatamente a pubblicare una foto di uno Yanukovich sorpreso con una nota: "Ma cosa, era possibile?"
Divertente per l'orrore. Quindi, la dispersione dei manifestanti nell'inverno del 13-14 non ha risolto alcun problema in Ucraina. Milioni di ucraini erano chiaramente orientati all'integrazione europea. Stiamo cercando di ignorare questo fatto triste. E gli autobus con manifestanti di Crimea che sono tornati da Kiev non sono stati attaccati da "singoli estremisti", come molti vorrebbero pensare.
Dopo quattro anni di guerra nel Donbass, vogliamo ancora parlare di alcuni estremisti pagati dal Dipartimento di Stato, che sono responsabili di tutto. Cioè, si sta tentando di ignorare la realtà oggettiva, che è piuttosto una realtà. No, gli estremisti avevano un posto dove stare, così come l'intervento dei servizi segreti americani, ovviamente, è così. Ma c'era un nazionalismo ucraino di massa, senza il quale era del tutto impossibile. C'erano milioni di nazionalisti ucraini che sostenevano il Maidan.
È una realtà. E "il malvagio Dipartimento di Stato, che è la colpa di tutto", è un po 'una favola. E la verità è nel sostegno di massa del Maidan e in milioni di ucraini che sono pronti a versare sangue per il bene del trionfo della "vittoria europea". La vita lo ha dimostrato. Fino ad ora (!) In Ucraina non ci sono sentimenti di massa contro la guerra. No, i nostri propagandisti vogliono davvero vederli ... e periodicamente "trovarli", ma in realtà non lo sono.
Non per niente le persone intelligenti hanno detto che nel caso dell'occupazione "riuscita" dell'Ucraina nell'estate del 14, avremmo ricevuto metà dei cittadini indifferenti, ma scortesi, un piccolo numero di "come sostenitori" e milioni di persone che sono pronte a combattere con arma tra le braccia (almeno sparare alla schiena). E tutto questo stand dovrebbe essere tenuto a nostre spese.
Questa verità è molto scomoda per coloro che investono a Kiev da 25 anni, quindi viene ignorata. Nel febbraio 2014, Yanukovich non aveva (come molti di noi pensano) un modo semplice e bello per disperdere i manifestanti con la forza. Era troppo tardi, anche un'operazione di successo non ha risolto nulla: c'erano entrambi gli oligarchi e una parte significativa della popolazione contro di essa. Inoltre, fu Maidan-2 a mostrare la natura illusoria della "politica di ricchezza del vettorialismo".
In effetti, la versione russa era solo un'alternativa teorica per usarla nei negoziati con l'Occidente. E mentre tutto era "teoricamente e ipoteticamente", sembrava scorrere. Ma quando Yanukovich ha davvero rimandato la firma di un trattato di magia con l'Europa, si è immediatamente verificata un'ondata di tsunami, che lo ha portato all'inferno con sua nonna. Cioè, non è riuscito a firmare nulla con Putin nel 2014 e non ha fatto alcuna concessione speciale, ma questo non lo ha salvato. È categoricamente inutile per molti ammettere che Maidan-2 avesse potenti ragioni interne ucraine. Tipo "Zia Nuland è arrivata correndo con i biscotti e ha volgarizzato tutto".
La ricchezza del vettore significa la capacità di fare mosse in una direzione o nell'altra. Quindi, Yanukovich non ha avuto questa opportunità, non lo era affatto. Il suo "riavvicinamento con la Russia" non era altro che una manovra tattica per ottenere il suo prezzo in Occidente. Ma già questo tentativo di "contrattare un po '" ha provocato una catastrofe. In Russia, milioni di ingenui cittadini credono sacro in una possibile opzione di dispersione dell'integrazione euro-asiatica di Maidan e per l'Ucraina. Ingenuo.
Lukashenko. Tempo per essere determinato?
Quindi, questa è l'Ucraina. Con la Bielorussia, la situazione non è migliore. Centinaia (migliaia!) Di volte ho incontrato nei commenti un appello aperto a Lukashenko che "sarebbe arrivato il momento di decidere". Queste chiamate erano un po 'in ritardo. Non per niente gli antichi consigliarono i re, per così dire, "riprendendo l'ufficio", in modo che prendessero le stesse decisioni sulle stesse questioni in modo da non creare confusione nelle menti dei loro sudditi. Una soluzione stupida, ma prevedibile per le masse è molto meglio di una brillante, ma inaspettata.
C'è anche qualcosa come "effetto anatroccolo" (quello che hai visto prima è meglio). Cioè, è stato dall'inizio ed è stato proprio Lukashenko ad avere la possibilità di creare un'ideologia filo-russa nella società bielorussa. E c'era tutto per questo: sia cultura che storiae lingua, legami familiari ed economia ... Ma decise totalmente diverso. Si basava solo sul nazionalismo e sulla russofobia. Quei nazionalisti bielorussi che ha sconfitto quando è salito al potere, ha sconfitto non perché erano "nazionalisti", ma perché erano personalmente al di fuori del suo controllo. Senti la differenza.
Non analizzeremo qui tutti i motivi e gli argomenti per scegliere proprio un tale percorso per lo sviluppo della società bielorussa, il fatto è che è stata una tale scelta che è stata fatta poigià alla fine degli anni '90. In generale, naturalmente, la "scelta" è molto, molto esotica: lo "scoop completo" nel campo dell'economia, la sua base sono i giganti industriali e le fattorie collettive dell'era sovietica, che sono di proprietà dello stato; Bene, nel campo dell'ideologia - il massimo lancio di fango contro la Russia e da esso (così sporco e cattivo) distanza completa.
Ad oggi, il sistema nella Repubblica di Bielorussia è finalmente formato e ossificato. Non può più essere radicalmente riformato. Ogni sistema ha i limiti della trasformazione consentita, quindi in Bielorussia sono molto piccoli. La propaganda di stato bielorussa ama distinguere (per il lettore russo) la stessa "economia sovietica preservata". Inoltre, il fatto della sua completa e continua perdita è diluito diligentemente, ma non è poi così male.
Ma ideologico I propagandisti bielorussi odiano dimostrare ai "russi fraterni" le basi della moderna società bielorussa. Perché è "spazzatura e rifiuti". Durante il regno di A.G. Lukashenko si è completamente formato e ha preso forma solo la base filo-occidentale e anti-russa dell '"ideologia bielorussa". Cioè, sei costantemente infastidito nel naso con "fabbriche conservate", e meglio non leggere i giornali ... giornali bielorussi. Perché arrabbiarsi?
In Bielorussia, un consenso sembrava essersi formato molto tempo fa, dove la Polonia è molto meglio della Russia. Cioè, non c'è alcuna differenza speciale tra il governo e l'opposizione per noi, almeno dal punto di vista del fatto che entrambi sono di fatto orientati verso l'Occidente. Ora tutto va male in Bielorussia (gli anni d'oro sono ormai lontani!) E la lotta per il potere è seria. Assume solo forme esotiche (affare dei medici!). Arresti di massa di alti funzionari, presumibilmente per corruzione ... Per noi, usando le parole di Lenin, possiamo dire che "entrambi sono peggio". Cos'è il potere, cos'è l'opposizione. O meglio, questo: quel "potere", quella "opposizione". In Bielorussia, queste cose devono essere citate.
Sì, l'opposizione non cerca affatto di conquistare la Russia dalla sua parte - è completamente filo-occidentale (filo-polacco-americano). Il che, basato sull'esperienza ucraino-armena, solleva seri interrogativi sulla ragionevolezza della nostra politica estera. Devo mettere tutte le uova in un cestino? Soprattutto quando questo cestino esplode nelle cuciture e "l'uomo del cestino" è regolarmente scortese con te? No, i nostri diplomatici sono “in cima”: in Ucraina, Georgia e Armenia mettiamo il potere al potere e l'opposizione è salita al potere e siamo così “offesi”.
Non è necessario essere offesi, ma proteggere gli interessi nazionali russi. Come ha dimostrato l'esperienza di Babich, in linea di principio l'opposizione bielorussa non è pronta a parlare con la Russia. La Russia è cattiva, la Russia è totalitaria, la Russia sostiene Lukashenko. È più conveniente per loro. Questa è una completa mancanza di contatto. Non possiamo che congratularci con la nostra diplomazia, che ha "aggredito" il genio di Shklov per 25 anni. I risultati sono stimolanti. L'Occidente non investe denaro in Bielorussia, ma ... lavora con l'opposizione e ha una seria influenza politica su Minsk (a differenza della Russia sponsorizzata). Impara, signori.
Ma la "Minsk ufficiale", come ha dimostrato l'esperienza dello stesso Babich, non è assolutamente pronta a parlare con la Russia oggi! Quando Babich ha cercato di organizzare una conferenza stampa in occasione dell'anniversario dell'annessione della Crimea, è stata ignorata dai media ufficiali e dell'opposizione. Cioè, non sono venuti e non hanno posto "domande acute", l'hanno semplicemente "ignorata". C'è un tale "paradosso bielorusso" qui: in generale, abbiamo quasi tutti i nostri amici lì, ma individualmente tutto è esattamente il contrario.
Perché Lukashenko è "filo-russo"
Qui tutto è abbastanza semplice: "pro-russo" è uno stigma nella moderna Bielorussia. Come in Russia - "agente straniero" o "famiglia" degli anni '90 - riguardo agli Eltsin. Ed è proprio questo stigma che viene attivamente utilizzato nella lotta politica (cioè nella lotta per il potere), e proprio nella lotta per il potere esiste un trucco così bello come "marchiare" un avversario con qualcosa di indegno (un ladro, un alcolizzato, un agente del Dipartimento di Stato, un liberale, un "catophobe"). Allo stesso tempo assolutamente non importantese è così nella realtà.
Cioè, "le gambe crescono" da qui. In Bielorussia, "filo-russo" è negativo, quindi può essere utilizzato nella lotta politica, catturando una parte significativa dell'elettorato. Come tutti sappiamo, la propaganda politica non è affatto obbligata a fare affidamento sulla realtà. Può esistere "da solo". Quindi, il "saggio Lukashenko" per mantenere il potere e proteggere dagli "Anschluss" una volta ha dato il via libera alla promozione della propaganda anti-russa. E ha funzionato!
E ora, l'opposizione, usando questi sviluppi, punta a colpire il regime di Lukashenko, accusandolo di "cedere il paese a Putin per ottenere petrolio a basso costo". Ma la Bielorussia ha ricevuto decine di miliardi di dollari dalla Russia? E qui Lukashenko deve dire grazie alla sua propaganda: ha convinto i bielorussi che l'indipendenza è tutto, è sacro; e miliardi russi, petrolio, gas, mercato - è così, sciocchezze ...
E oggi non può dire: sì ragazzi, ho "mangiato" 100 miliardi di dollari per voi! Non ci gioca. Usando l'esperienza della propaganda di stato di Lukashenka (la Russia è obbligata ad aiutare!), L'opposizione lo ha portato in un angolo (e lì "inciampa" con attenzione). Oggi, lo "Stato dell'Unione" in Bielorussia è visto come l'esempio più chiaro di minare la sovranità e tentare l'indipendenza nazionale. E non c'è nulla che copra Lukashenko (cioè lui già persa).
Inoltre, dal momento che lo sta "beccando" da tutte le parti per il suo carattere filo-russo, si considera "un alleato della Russia innocentemente ferito". Perché un alleato? Quindi, nonostante ciò, lo sta beccando! La tragedia di Lukashenko è che oggi, essendo terribilmente impopolare e con un'economia collassata, è costretto a mantenere il potere in un paese con forti sentimenti filo-occidentali / anti-russi. E l'economia dipende dalla Russia! E in Occidente, il suo regime è stigmatizzato come dittatoriale. Cioè, un uomo di 25 anni si è spinto in un angolo.
Prospettive per la "lotta"
Lukashenko, per inciso, ha prospettive molto peggiori di Yanukovich. Yanukovich è stato eletto legalmente e democraticamente, il potere non ha esercitato forza e avrebbe potuto ben rassegnare le dimissioni / non essere rieletto. L'economia in Ucraina-2013 non è stata sovvenzionata dallo Stato molto tempo fa, Yanukovich non ha effettuato arresti di massa e sbarchi, e così via. Tuttavia, nel febbraio 2014, era in un vicolo cieco (lo hanno guidato lì). L'economia è debole e fortemente dipendente dalla Russia e la parte politicamente attiva della popolazione guarda solo all'Occidente.
Cioè, in Ucraina esisteva e non poteva esistere alcun "regime di Yanukovich". Contrariamente alla Bielorussia, dove ha luogo il "regime del nome di una persona". E in Bielorussia, proprio come in Ucraina, le cose nell'economia, franc
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Government of British Columbia website was used to obtain information about forestry policies and First Nations Treaties. Specifically, the Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations was a significant source of information. These sources assisted in achieving the purpose of this research paper: to explore the history of Clayoquot Sound, the implications of government and First Nations intervention, the implications of logging on the biodiversity of the region, and finally any implications for the future.
Clayoquot Sound is located on the west coast of British Columbia's Vancouver Island (Lavallee and Suedfeld, 1997). It is a culturally and naturally diverse area, as is evidenced by the biogeoclimatic map shown in Figure 1 (Government of BC, 2003). As the figure demonstrates, the province is home to over 10 unique and distinct biogeoclimatic zones, with temperatures becoming increasingly mild as you move west (Government of BC, 2003). Clayoquot Sound is classified as a coastal temperate rainforest, which is a rare biogeoclimate that covers less than 1% of the world's land base. These regions experience extremely high biodiversity due to the high quality habitat and mild temperatures (Sierra Club, 2009). A unique feature of the BC, jurisdiction is that approximately 95% of the province is owned by the BC government, which means that the 90 million hectares of Clayoquot Sound are managed on behalf of the residents (Government of BC, 2003). Since the government is in charge of managing the natural resources of the province, they set the timber annual allowable cut, and are in charge of dispersing this information to the forestry companies, First Nations, communities and individuals. The government also works closely with First Nations treaty rights to ensure they are given the land they are entitled to (Government of BC, 2003).
Figure 1 classifies the various biogeoclimatic zones in BC, showing how diverse the region is. It is interesting to note how much of the area is represented by Coastal Western Hemlock, considering this is the main component of coastal temperate rainforest. This region represents much of the remaining coastal temperate rainforest in the world.
The history of Clayoquot Sound has been shaped through many government and First Nation interactions, as well as through input from outside sources. By 1989 most of the region had been allocated for forestry, with MacMillan Bloedel holding the largest claim (Lavallee and Suedfeld, 1997). The Clayoquot Sound Development Steering Committee was formed to prepare a land use plan for the region, however their plan did not receive unanimous support, therefore it did not pass. In April of 1993 the BC government released its land use plan, based on what the Clayoquot Sound Development Steering Committee had previously recommended, for the area (Lavallee and Suedfeld, 1997). The plan designated 33% of the area for protection, 45% for commercial timber use and 17% for special management areas (Lavallee and Suedfeld, 1997). The special management areas were primarily buffer zones between logging regions and the coastline of the island (Lavallee and Suedfeld, 1997). Through this plan the British Columbian government had also given MacMillan Bloedel permission to clear-cut up to 70% of the 350,000 hectares of Clayoquot Sound (Walter, 2007). Clear-cut logging is the process of removing all trees from a portion of forest (NRDC, N.D.). The implementation of this management plan was not supported by the First Nations communities or the general population. In 1993 the Friends of Clayoquot Sound organization set up a protest camp along an active logging road to voice their displeasure for the clear-cutting practices of the logging industry. Over 10,000 protestors participated in the protests that lasted from July to October, making it the largest demonstration of its type in Canadian history (Lavallee and Suedfeld, 1997). In order to keep the protests in line with the initial purposes, a "Peace Camp" was created to house the protesters, as well as to ensure there were rules and standards for continuing a nonviolent protest (Walter, 2007). The protests were nationally recognized, partially due to Clayoquot Sound being a popular tourist destination, as well as its pristine natural beauty (Tindall, 2013). The environmental movement had been blossoming in the years before, also leading to increased attention for the 1993 protests. This movement helped people to understand the importance of ecology and biodiversity, and the health aesthetics and spiritual aspects of the environment (Tindall, 2013).
Coastal Temperate Rainforest
The coastal temperate rainforest is a unique ecosystem, with approximately half of the global rainforest left worldwide, and half of this occurring in North America. In BC the coastal temperate rainforest occurs on the coast of the mainland and covers most of Vancouver Island, see Figure 1 for a map (Government of BC, 2003). Almost all of the undeveloped coastal temperate rainforest exists in British Columbia (Bunnell, 2008). The forest on Vancouver Island is warmed by passing ocean currents and experiences large volumes of rain due to the prevailing westerly winds (Walter, 2007). Measurable precipitation occurs 200 or more days of the year and temperatures are relatively mild in the winter and relatively cool in the summer due to the regulating properties of the nearby ocean. The coastal temperate rainforest is made up of three major biogeoclimatic zones: Coastal Western Hemlock, Mountain Hemlock, and Coastal Douglas-Fir (Bunnell, 2008).
The Coastal Western Hemlock zone covers about 87% of the temperate coastal rainforest on Vancouver Island and occurs at elevations below 900m sea level. Flora and fauna flourish in the zone and some of the largest and oldest trees grow there (Bunnell, 2008). Western hemlock is the most abundant tree in the zone with Western red cedar and Douglas-fir also occurring. Wetter and higher elevation sites grow the Amabilis fir and yellow cedar. 1000 to 4400 mm of precipitation falls in the zone, and the average temperature ranges from 5.2-10.5°C (Bunnell, 2008). An abundance of bryophytes and lichens grow in the area, many endemic, or native, to the region. Mountain Hemlock represents 12% of the land and the remaining one percent is represented by Coastal Douglas-fir, in the southern rain shadow (Bunnell, 2008).
Biodiversity is extremely high in the coastal temperate rainforest. Approximately 175 forest-dwelling, terrestrial vertebrate species breed within the area, which reflects the complex stand structure (Bunnell, 2008). Lichens, bryophytes, and vascular plants prosper in regions where there are dead trees and rotting wood, as is common on the forest floor of the region. More species use these structures, cavities and downed wood, than in any other forest type in the forest, emphasizing the diversity of the region (Bunnell, 2008). The area is naturally very diverse and is important not only for economic reasons, but also in preserving the culture of the First Nations who traditionally lived in the area.
First Nations' History on Vancouver Island
The West Coast of Vancouver Island is home to 14 Nuu-chah-nulth First Nations. The Ahousaht, Hesquiaht, and Tla-o-qui-aht are the three First Nations that have traditional territories in the region of Clayoquot Sound (Mabee and Hoberg, 2006). The Nuu-chah-nulth First Nations have interacted and maintained relationships with non-Native people since as early as the 1770s. These relationships began with the fur trade and European interests that were focused on profits through sea otter pelts (Goetze, 2005). Nuu-chah-nulth were some of the first communities to take part in the fur trade on the Pacific Coast due to their strong bargaining abilities and confidence in negotiating with the European settlers (Goetze, 2005). When the fur trade ended in the 1850s the Nuu-chah-nulth helped the Europeans create settlements on the land. This proved to be less beneficial to the First Nations as the settlers looked to develop more permanent economies on the land, and did not require the trade assistance of the communities (Goetze, 2005). In 1849 after Vancouver Island was established, the governor purchased 14 segments of land from First Nations living along the south and north east coasts. The First Nations were free to continue their routines such as hunting, fishing, and trapping in the area, although their subsistence lifestyle did not continue for long as the settlers quickly bought the land for their own gains (Goetze, 2005).
Comprehensive treaties were required to be negotiated in order to identify their traditional territories and rights (Goetze, 2005). As logging concerns arose in the 1970s the Nuu-chah-nulth Nations brought up the conflicts surrounding irresponsible resource use by the government. Damage to streams due to the logging debris, among various other issues, was addressed through negotiations with the government and logging companies (Goetze, 2005). Throughout the 1980s and 1990s the Nuu-chah-nulth Nations had many land claims surrounding their traditional territories. By 1994 they entered a treaty process with the BC Government (Goetze, 2005). Their aim with the treaty formation was to recognize and protect their Aboriginal rights to resources, but also ensure decision making would continue within a cooperative framework (Goetze, 2005).
The Nuu-chah-nulth Tribal Council is currently negotiating a treaty with the Government of British Columbia. They are in Stage 4 which is outlined by the BC Treaty website as the agreement that will form the basis for the eventual treaty (BC Treaty, 2009). Throughout this process both parties must include their essential points of agreement and develop plans for implementation of the treaty (BC Treaty, 2009). The framework must be agreed upon by both parties before it can move on to Stage 5 which is the negotiations that will finalize the treaty (BC Treaty, 2009).
Government Management of Clayoquot Sound
The government management of old-growth temperate rainforests in Clayoquot Sound was catered to multinational forestry companies. Originally, the resources were harvested in pursuit of short-term profit through clear-cutting, the most efficient mode of extraction (Goetze, 2005). The province was aiming to encourage economic growth and job creation. Due to the recession in the 1980s the government saw logging as a large economic benefit and relaxed their sustainability guidelines around the amount of timber logged (Goetze, 2005). The increase in logging resulted in a decrease in consultation with the First Nations communities, with the forestry companies taking charge in what was deemed to be sustainable for the forests and the surrounding ecosystems (Goetze, 2005). While the government did recognize that clear-cutting was an unsustainable solution to forest management, they were primarily focused on the economic bottom line (Goetze, 2005). After the 1993 Land Use decision, 900 square kilometres, or 34% of Clayoquot Sound were designated for protection by the government (BC Ministry of Forests, N.D.). The land was designated to ensure the protection of the environment, local, communities, and the economy (BC Ministry of Forests, N.D.). The reserve forms a link from the mountains of interior BC to the coast line of Vancouver Island, providing less chance for fragmentation of key species and habitat areas (BC Ministry of Forests, N.D.). Of the 900 square kilometres, 700 of them are temperate rainforest, providing a key ecosystem for approximately 29 rare plant species, significant old growth forest, salmon spawning habitat, and rare marine ecosystems (BC Ministry of Forests, N.D.). It was critically important that the government set aside this area for protection, as all other stands of temperate rainforest ecosystems in the world are under some sort of threat from human destruction. Aside from the 34% of Clayoquot Sound that was completely protected, the government also placed 21% more of Clayoquot Sound under "special management" (BC Ministry of Forests, N.D.). This special management allows for some logging, but no clear-cutting, and still emphasizes the importance of protecting wildlife, along with recreational and aesthetic values (BC Ministry of Forests, N.D.). After the Land Use Decision was enacted only 40% of Clayoquot Sound was open to integrated resource management (BC Ministry of Forests, N.D.). Integrated resource management allows for logging and other resource extraction such as mining and fishing (BC Ministry of Forests, N.D.). In order for a forestry company to receive approval from the Government of BC to undergo any logging, in Clayoquot Sound they must meet standards for forest management planning, road building and harvesting limits (BC Ministry of Forests, N.D.). Conventional clear-cutting has been replaced by variable retention harvesting,–,which is a system that ensures key elements of the forest are left intact, allowing for the forest to healthily regenerate (BC Ministry of Forests, N.D.). The Scientific Panel also recommended that ecological assessments should be conducted for undeveloped watersheds before any additional resource extraction was undertaken (BC, Ministry of Forests, N.D.).
The coastal temperate rainforest is an essential asset to the province of British Columbia, and should be protected accordingly. A 2009 report by the Sierra Club of BC outlines the importance of old-growth forests in BC's greater ecosystems. In order to avoid species extinction in the coastal temperate rainforest, a minimum of 30% of old-growth forests need to be conserved, while 70% of natural levels should be conserved to ensure low risks to species loss (Sierra Club, 2009). Much of the ecosystems on Vancouver Island are below this threshold, with many species extinct or close to extinction. A potential benefit of the coastal temperate rainforest is its proximity to the ocean, which may buffer it from some effects of climate change (Sierra Club, 2009).
Coastal temperate rainforest is an excellent carbon sink, with an estimated carbon storage potential of 1,000 tonnes per hectare (Sierra Club, 2009). Taking advantage of this carbon storage opportunity will be important in achieving carbon reduction goals faced by Canada in the future. On Vancouver Island alone, approximately 1 million hectares of old-growth forest have already been lost, amounting to a loss of approximately 100 million tonnes of carbon reservoir (Sierra Club, 2009). Emissions from logging also contribute close to 370 million tonnes of carbon to the atmosphere (Sierra Club, 2009). This loss of a carbon reservoir coupled with the emissions from logging lead to an unbalanced emissions profile. The coastal temperate rainforest is set to become an important resource in a potentially carbon focused market of the future.
These important ecosystems are rapidly declining, with approximately 50% of all coastal temperate rainforest on Vancouver Island at high risk for species loss. It is essential to create protection and conservation areas on the island, especially since 13% of the land on Vancouver Island has already been converted from old-growth forest (Sierra Club, 2009).
Climate Change Impact on the Coastal Temperate Rainforest
Climate change has to the potential to impact almost every ecosystem on the planet, and coastal ecosystems are often the first to feel the effects. Coastal temperate rainforest is no different. Shanley et al. (2015),conducted a study of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),models predicting the possible scenarios due to anthropogenic climate change. They found the results for indicators on the coastal temperate rainforest in Alaska and British Columbia are all projected to increase. Specifically, the report found through analysis of IPCC models and representative concentration pathways:
This table outlines the potential for a large increase in temperature and precipitation in the form of rain, but a decrease in precipitation in the form of snow. There are many outcomes for the region based on these increases. These results will cause a cascade effect on the ecosystem, with a plethora of new and extreme weather events. Some issues will include an increase in floods, reduced snowpack, effects on river flow, shifts in suitable wildlife habitat, and many additional impacts (Shanley et al., 2015). The people of the region typically rely heavily on the ecosystems goods and services, such as fishing, forestry, and ecotourism (Shanley et al., 2015). If these extreme events start occurring with more frequency the First Nations and other community members will lose their livelihood.
Climate change could potentially affect the ecosystem goods and services that the population depend upon for their economic benefits. Particularly, the fishery habitat could be altered, hydropower opportunities may become less dependable, and ecotourism activities could decline (Shanley et al., 2015). It is not expected that climate change will have an affect on forestry, further to the restrictions already put in place in the region (Shanley et al., 2015). Climate change also has the potential to effect the biodiversity of the region, so measures must be taken to protect the endemic and rich variety of species living in the coastal temperate rainforest.
Biodiversity Conservation Strategies
As outlined by the Government of British Columbia in the 1970s and 1980s, the logging company MacMillan Bloedel was granted logging rights of the region. Forestry in the region is difficult to pursue due to steep slopes, wet soil, and large equipment. After strong opposition to the clear-cutting of the region, MacMillan Bloedel agreed to stop clear-cutting in 1998 (Bunnell, 2008). In order to create a more sustainable forestry management plan, the company divided the forest into three different harvest zones, based on intensity of harvest. The first zone is the timber zone, and is classified as the primary source of economic value, and most of the productive harvest was found in the area (Bunnell, 2008). The provision of late-seral features is meant to allow for species to survive that would not otherwise if clear-cutting was in place (Bunnell, 2008). Secondly, the habitat zone has higher retention levels than the timber zone, and only 70% of the forest is available for harvest. The goal of the habitat zone is to conserve organisms that make up the biological diversity of the area (Bunnell, 2008). Finally, the old growth zone is mostly protected as to maintain late-seral forest conditions (Bunnell, 2008).
Variable retention was implemented in all zones to retain appropriate habitat structures to maintain biodiversity. Objectives of structure retention include: increasing species richness in managed stands through connection across the landscape to provide refuge and survival for species after harvesting of timber; creating opportunities to meet market demand of harvesting trees that will not be detrimental to forest health, vigour, genetic composition, or timber quality; meeting social expectations of stewardship and, visual aesthetics; and, meeting site-specific needs for regeneration and habitat (Bunnell, 2008). The three categories of retention are shown on Figure 2. Retention is managed differently based on the amount of trees that need to be kept in place to achieve biodiversity. Small groups of trees are retained together on the same cut block for group and
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laws. Although each state is different, it will commonly require either the signatures of two (2) witnesses OR notarization. See your state’s signing requirements.
Step 4 – Deliver Copies
Next, the parent (principal) should provide a copy of the POA to their agent, and any individuals or entities that the agent will regularly communicate with. This includes school institutions, health care providers, after-school programs, and anything else the child is highly-involved with. Remember who received a copy, as the parent would need to provide every person or entity that received a revocation form should they wish to terminate the POA.
Maximum POA Duration By State
Minor child POAs are commonly limited to remaining in effect for six (6) months to one (1) year. About a quarter of all states have no restrictions on the length of time a minor POA can remain in effect for.
Duration = the amount of time the agent can act on behalf of the parents. The time starts from the moment the POA goes into effect.
|STATE||MAXIMUM DURATION / LAWS|
|Alabama||1 Year (§ 26-2A-7)|
|Alaska||1 Year (§ 13.26.066)|
|Arizona||6 Months (§§ 14-5104, 14-5107)|
|Arkansas||No Max. (§ 28-68-213)|
|California||No Max. (§§ 1510 to 1517)|
|Colorado||1 Year (§ 15-14-105)|
|Connecticut||No Max. (§ 45a-622)|
|Delaware||§§ 2320 to 2328|
|Georgia||1 Year (§§ 19-9-120 to 134)|
|Hawaii||1 Year (§ 560:5-105)|
|Idaho||6 Months (§ 15-5-104)|
|Illinois||755 ILCS 45/4-3|
|Indiana||6 Months (§ 29-3-9-1)|
|Kansas||1 Year (SB 148)|
|Louisiana||§§ 951, 952, 953, & 954|
|Maine||1 Year (§ 5-127(1))|
|Michigan||6 Months (§ 700.5103)|
|Mississippi||1 Year (Title 93, Ch. 31)|
|Missouri||1 Year (§ 475.602)|
|Montana||6 Months (§ 72-5-103)|
|Nebraska||6 Months (§ 30-2604)|
|Nevada||6 Months (NRS 159A.205 & 159A.215)|
|New Jersey||§ 3B:12-74|
|New Mexico||6 Months (§ 45-5-104)|
|New York||FCT § 661|
|North Carolina||Ch. 32A, Art. 4|
|North Dakota||6 Months (§§ 30.1-27-01 to 27-12)|
|Ohio||(§§ 3109.52 & 53)|
|Oklahoma||1 Year (§§ 10-700 & 701)|
|Oregon||6 Months (§ 109.056)|
|Tennessee||§§ 34-6-301 to 310|
|Utah||6 Months (§ 75-5-103)|
|Wisconsin||1 Year (§ 48.979)|
Minor Child Power of Attorney FAQ
What tasks can an Agent to a Minor Child POA be asked to do?
Each family’s needs are unique, so the tasks an agent may be requested to do can differ dramatically from one to the next. That being said, the tasks an agent can perform include:
- Schooling, and
- Everyday life.
- Take the child to doctor’s appointments,
- Make healthcare decisions that impact the child,
- Refuse, consent or withdraw consent for any procedures, tests, or treatments, and
- Access the child’s medical records.
- Drop off and pick up the child from school,
- Grant permission for the child to go on school trips,
- Sign any notes about the child’s schooling, and
- Meet with the child’s teachers.
- Make meals for and feed the child,
- Assist the child to do their homework,
- Provide care to the child while they are at home, and
- Put the child to bed.
What are common uses of a Minor Child POA?
There are many situations in which a parent/guardian could benefit from using a Minor Child POA, which include:
- When a parent/guardian is away on a business trip;
- When a parent/guardian regularly works interstate or overseas;
- When a parent/guardian needs to work overtime;
- When a parent/guardian will be working leaving for military active duty;
- When the child attends a boarding school;
- When the child participates in a school camp;
- When the child goes on a trip without the parents/guardians; and
- When the child needs to attend a training program or competition.
Can a minor child receive Power of Attorney over another child?
No, a minor cannot act as an agent to another minor child. While some states allow for emancipated minors to act with Power of Attorney in Durable POA and General POA arrangements, this is not the case for a minor POA. This is because, in the eyes of the law, a child does not have the capacity to take care of another child adequately.
As such, only someone who is eighteen (18) years or older may be nominated by the parents or guardians to act as an agent.
Does a Minor Child POA grant guardianship over a minor child?
It only grants temporary guardianship over a child. The parents / guardians will remain the primary caregivers of the child, and will not give up their respective parental rights.
For permanent guardianship over a minor child to be granted, a guardianship proceeding will need to be initiated. State laws dictate how guardianship may be obtained, so anyone wishing to seek guardianship should refer to their respective state laws on the matter.
How can I revoke a Minor Child POA?
A minor child POA can be revoked at any time by the parent(s) or guardian(s) by completing a revocation of POA form. The parents/guardians will need to give their agent a copy of the revocation as well as any individuals or entities that originally received a copy of the POA.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Introduction by Ann Ronald, University of Nevada, Reno.
RAINLESSNESS, which one may not call drought, the valleys with sides crimson with the poison oak, the dusty vineyards, with great purple clusters thick among the leaves, and between the vines great dusty melons lying on the dusty earth. From off the boundless harvest fields the grain was carried in June, and it is now stacked in sacks along the track, awaiting freightage. California is a "land flowing with milk and honey." The barns are bursting with fullness. In the dusty orchards the apple and pear branches are supported, that they may not break down under the weight of fruit; melons, tomatoes, and squashes of gigantic size lie almost unheeded on the ground; fat cattle, gorged almost to repletion, shade themselves under the oaks; superb "red" horses shine, not with grooming, but with condition; and thriving farms everywhere show on what a solid basis the prosperity of the "Golden State" is founded. Very uninviting, however rich, was the blazing Sacramento Valley, and very repulsive the city of Sacrame<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Ellili yılların başlarında, Amerikan hükümeti ile dünya dışı birkaç ırk arasında temas kuruldu. Space Brothers yardımlarını ve teknolojilerini sunan ilk kişilerdi, ancak geri dönüş olarak ABD’nin nükleer denemelerini ve atom silahlarının geliştirilmesini durdurmasını istediler. ABD bunun en iyi çıkarları olduğunu düşünmüyordu ve teklif reddedildi. Bu koşulları koyamayan diğer ırklar (Grays), sığırlar üzerinde deneme yapma ve sınırlı sayıda insanı kaçırma şansı verdikleri için teknolojilerini sunmuşlar, daha sonra onları iade edip yazılı bir kayıt vermişlerdir.
ABD ordusunun sorunu, UFO’ların istedikleri gibi gelip gidebilmeleri ve böylece herhangi bir ülkenin hava sahasını ihlal etmeleridir. Teknolojik üstünlükleri ABD’yi zor duruma soktu. Diğer önemli bir faktör de, ABD’nin Washington D.C.’deki hava sahasını kapatacak UFO’ları engellemeye çalışırken birkaç pilotu ve jeti kaybettiği yönündedir. Bir başka önemli gerçek şu ki ABD, Amerikan şirketlerinin rekabet avantajı sağlaması ve yeni egzotik silahların geliştirilmesi için dünya dışı teknolojiye el atmaya çok hevesliydi (hala da öyle). Bu yüzden ABD, UFO teknolojisini başlatan ve aşırı bir şekilde önem veren bir ülkedir.
Bu genel ilkeler, geminin hangi dünya dışı uygarlığa ait olduğuna bağlı olarak değişecektir. Bu teknoloji yerçekimi kuvveti ve elektromanyetizma gibi doğal güçleri kullanır. Tahrik, teknenin içindeki ekipman tarafından üretilen alanlardan sağlanır. Bu alanlar aranan etkiye bağlı olarak değişecektir (artı veya eksi). Bir gezegenin manyetik alanına girerken, otomatik dedektörler, akı yoğunluğunu ve gemiye göre akış yönünü belirler. Gemi manyeto ferin negatif kısmında olduğunda, aynı polariteye sahip gemi tarafından bir alan yaratılır. Bu, birbirini geri çeviren aynı polaritenin iki mıknatısı gibi bir itme etkisine neden olur. Bu, geminin ilerlemesini sağlıyor. Gemi bir gezegenden uzaklaştığı zaman, geminin yarattığı güç alanı, yerçekimi kuvvetinin zayıflamasına neden olacaktır.
Çoğu keşif gemisinde iki set manyetik direk vardır. Biri geminin merkezi boyunca dikeydir. Diğer kutup seti, alttaki iki döner halkadan biridir. Dikey kutup seti, Dünya’nın alanını, yer çekiminin etkilerini, merkezkaç kuvveti gibi, hava içinde askıya alacak şekilde iptal etmek için yeterli bir kuvvetle itiyor. Aşağı inmek için alan zayıflatılır, yükselmek için ise güçlendirilir.
Dönen halkalardan birindeki direkler, alana doğrudan direkt olarak olmaksızın başka yönlerde hareket etmek için kullanılır. Bunlar bilgisayar tarafından otomatik olarak hizalanır, böylece Kuzey Halkası dünyanın manyetik güneyine bakar. Kutuplar bağımsız olarak üretilir ve ya birbirini güçlendirmek ya da zayıflatmak açısından bağımsız ya da eş zamanlı olarak değişkendir.
İki döner halkanın ikincisi, bu halkada bobinlerde çırpılan bir ağır akım tarafından üretilen bir döner alan içerir. Bu alan sadece akımın polaritesini değiştirerek anında tersine çevrilebilir.
Muhtemelen, görgü tanıklarının, UFO’ları yakın mesafeden gözlemlerken tanımladıkları uğultu ve yüksek frekanslı ses, geminin dibinde bulunan halkaların hareketinden kaynaklanır.
Yere yakın duran veya sadece iniş yapan bir gemiye yaklaşma veya ona dokunma, yüksek bir risk söz konusudur. Böyle durumlarda, tüm güç alanı jeneratörlerinin kapalı olduğundan 0 emin olunma zorunluluğu vardır. Emin olmak için, yüz metreden fazla güvenli bir mesafe bırakmak yeterlidir.
İnsansız Tarayıcılar: Bunlar insansız ve çoğu zaman disk şeklindeki gemilerdir.. Boyutları çok küçük 5-10 cm ila 1 metre genişliğe kadar değişebilir. Her türlü metrolojik ve atmosferik veri seviyesini ve kirlilik türünü, aynı zamanda bir kişinin düşüncelerini, duygularını ve niyetlerini kaydedebilirler.
Işık Topu: Bu gemi, başka bir insansız prob türüdür. Programlandıktan sonra, belirli bir görevi yerine getirerek düşünce / telepati tarafından yönlendirilebilir. Bittiğinde patlar ve kaybolur.
Daha parlak yeşil ışık topu: Bu tip nükleer testten sonra gözlemlenir veya radyoaktiviteye bağlanır. Patladığında radyoaktivite nötralize edilir.
Keşif Gemisi: UFO kelimesi söz konusu olduğunda genellikle akla gelen şeydir. Bu, daha uzun mesafeler (gezegenler arası) üzerinden taşınan daha büyük bir insanlı araçtır. Ana gemi, araştırılan gezegenin veya alanın yakınındayken, keşif gemileri serbest bırakılır.
Ana Gemi: Bir ana gemi, çok büyük bir araç niteliğine sahiptir. Genellikle karaya inmez ve daha küçük izci gemileri taşımak için kullanılır. Mürettebatı olan bu büyük el sanatları aylarca, bazen yıllar boyunca uzaklarda kalabilir ve bunun için gerekli tüm tesisleri taşıyabilir.
Ufo teknolojisi, içerisinde barındırdığı teknolojiler, sistemler ve amaçlar dâhilinde günümüzün en ilginç ve en gelişmiş teknolojilerinden biridir.
uzaylıların olduğuna ben de inanıyorum ama aynı zamanda ufolara da inanıyorum. nasa insanlıktan baya fazla bilgi saklıyor diye düşünüyorm.
Uzaylıların olduğuna tüm kalbimle inanıyorum. Ancak ufo söylentilerinin gerçek olduğunu sanmıyorum.Çoğu başka insanlar tarafından hayal gücü ile yaratılmış. İşin ilginç yanı başka ülkeler bu tarz işler ile uğraşırken biz hala din ile mücadele ediyoruz. İngilizce bilmeden ülkemizde bu konular ile ilgili maalesef detaylı araştırma yapamıyoruz. Şuan bu konunun doğruluğunu araştırmak istesem araştırabileceğim türkçe kaynak yok maalesef.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Diğerlerinin duyguları iş kararlarımızı nasıl etkiler?
“Sigal Barsade”
Araştırmam, hem pozitif hem de negatif duyguların aslında çalışanlarınız arasında virüs gibi yayıldığını gösteriyor. İnsanlar, gruplar halinde birlikte çalışırken, rutin halinde birbirlerinin duygularını “yakalar”. Bu durumun, çalışanlarınızın ruh hallerini etkilemesi şaşırtıcı değildir: Daha şaşırtıcı olan şey, karar mekanizmalarını ve iş kararlarını da önemli ölçüde etkilemesidir; genellikle de ne olup bittiği hakkında bir ipucu olmaksızın.
“Duygusal bulaşma” olarak bilinen bu fenomen, psikolojik literatürde bir tür kişilerarası etki olarak kabul edilmiştir (Schachter, 1959: 15; Cacioppo ve Petty, 1987; Levy ve Nail, 1993). Bilişsel bulaşma – yani diğer insanların fikirlerini yakalamak – diye bir şey de vardır, ancak ikisi arasında farklılıklar mevcuttur. Fikirleri anlamak için kelimeler önemli iken duyguları anlamak için yüz yüze, sözel olmayan işaretler çok daha önemlidir. Çalışmalar, duygusal bulaşmanın daha çok otomatik süreçlere ve fizyolojik tepkilere (örneğin, Hatfield, Cacioppo ve Rapson, 1994) dayanan, önemli ölçüde daha az bilinçli bir seviyede oluştuğunu göstermektedir. Önceki çalışmalar iki kişi arasındaki bulaşmaya odaklanırken, “Dalgalanma Etkisi: Duygusal Bulaşıcılık ve Grup Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisi” isimli makalemde, duygusal bulaşmanın gruplar içinde de önemli bir güç olduğunu tespit ettim.
Bu çalışmada, ticaret okulu öğrencilerini bir yönetim simulasyon çalışması için küçük gruplara ayırdım. Her biri, bir çalışanın liyakata dayalı bir ücret artışı elde etmesini savunan bir bölüm başkanı rolünü oynamak zorundaydı. Aynı zamanda, tüm öğrenciler, sınırlı bir fonun nasıl en iyi şekilde tahsis edileceği konusunda müzakere eden bir “maaş komitesi” nin parçasıydı. Bu sebeple her biri bir yandan kendi adayları için en fazlasını almaya çalışırken, aynı zamanda genel şirket yararını da maksimuma çıkarmanın dengesini bulmak zorunda kaldılar. Her gruba aşağıdaki dört farklı duygu durumundan birini iletmek üzere eğitilmiş bir sahte denek (oyuncu) yerleştirdim: neşeli coşku, sakin sıcaklık, düşmanca asabiyet ve depresif tembellik.
Bulgular duygusal bulaşıcılığın önemli bir etkisini ortaya koymuştur. Sahte deneğin olumlu bir duygu “yaydığı” gruplar, olumlu ruh halinde bir artış yaşadılar. Ancak duygusal bulaşma hislerin yayılmasıyla bitmedi. Bu gruplar aynı zamanda daha fazla işbirliği, daha az kişilerarası çatışma sergilediler ve görevlerinde sahte denek tarafından olumsuz duyguların yayıldığı gruplardan daha iyi performans sergilediklerini düşündüler. Ve insanların olumlu duygular hissettikleri gruplar, mevcut parayı daha eşit bir şekilde tahsis edecek kararlar vermişti.
Öğrencilere fonları bu şekilde tahsis ettikleri ve neden kendi gruplarının böyle davrandığını düşündükleri sorulduğunda, kendi müzakere zekaları veya kendilerine atanan “adayların” nitelikleri gibi faktörleri gerekçe gösterdiler. Kendi ve grup davranışlarının ve kararlarının, sahte deneğin sergilediği duygular tarafından yönetildiğine dair hiçbir şüphe duymamışlardı.
Günümüzün gittikçe artan işbirlikçi, ekip odaklı iş ortamında yönetici olarak, ekip üyeleriniz arasında duygusal bulaşıcılığın farkında olmanın değerini görebilirsiniz. Aslında yöneticiler, kendi duygularını ve yaymak istedikleri duyguları bilinçli olarak yöneterek, duygudurum bulaşıcılığının etkileri konusundaki bilgilerini daha olumlu takım dinamikleri yaratma, performansı artırma ve personel devir hızını düşürmek için kullanabilirler.
Örneğin, kendinizi ruh halinizin farkında olmak için eğitebilir ve ekibinizle etkileşime girmeden önce kendi duygu durumunuzu bilinçli olarak yükseltebilirsiniz. Olumlu duyguları daha hızlı yaymak için göz teması kurabilir ve etkilerini nötr hale getirmek için ısrarla olumsuz olan insanlara bakışınızı sınırlandırabilirsiniz. Olumsuz beden dili kullanmaktan kaçınmak da yardımcı olur
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engono somministrati gradualmente in tutto il mondo, i Paesi probabilmente produrranno una serie di mandati per i vaccini e obblighi vaccinali per i viaggiatori internazionali. Se il virus diventasse endemico e arrivasse a diffondersi come un comune raffreddore, tuttavia, i vaccini potrebbero non essere necessari per sempre, conclude Lavine.
Ma anche le più rosee proiezioni dei ricercatori si scontrano con la fitta coltre di incognite che separa il presente dal futuro. Le domande su reinfezione, trasmissione, onere sanitario post-pandemico ed evoluzione virale rimarranno aperte per anni o addirittura decenni.
“Sfortunatamente, servirà del tempo”, conclude Shaman. “Solo il tempo potrà darci tutte le risposte”. LEGGI TUTTO
L’area su cui si è svolta la prova del giorno è stata quella del campo di regata C, con vento da sud ovest, di 17 nodi di media, molto oscillante sia in direzione che in intensità.
È stata una regata equilibrata, dove nei 3 giri, la leadership si è alternata, fino all’ultima poppa in cui il team inglese ha guadagnato vantaggio e ha tagliato il traguardo 33 secondi prima di Luna Rossa.
Con questa vittoria INEOS va direttamente in finale di PRADA Cup, aggiudicandosi anche il trofeo non assegnato a Natale la PRADA Christmas Cup.
Poco prima delle ore 16 il Race Director Iain Murray dà inizio alle procedure di partenza che interrompe a meno di due minuti dallo start, quando le barche sono appena entrate nella entry box, a causa di un importante salto di vento che lo costringe a girare il campo di regata.
Il nuovo start è per le ore 17:20, dopo un ulteriore delay richiesto dal team inglese per sistemare un problema al cunningham della randa.
Luna Rossa entra nella pre-start area dalla parte sinistra mentre gli inglesi da destra con qualche secondo di ritardo. Ai venti secondi dallo Ineos si posiziona sopravvento a Luna Rossa, le barche partono mure a dritta, verso il boundary di sinistra. Inizia un vero e proprio match race fatto di virate di copertura. La testa della regata si alterna con i due team praticamente in parità. Al primo cancello di bolina Luna Rossa si presenta mure a sinistra e riesce a virare davanti agli inglesi che in velocità conquistano l’interno in boa e passano in vantaggio. LEGGI TUTTO
Tutte le culture umane hanno i propri rituali: si tratta tipicamente di comportamenti ripetitivi e simbolici che percepiamo come significativi, pur non sapendo generalmente spiegarne l’efficacia. I rituali possono rinforzare il senso di comunità e di credenze comuni, ma la loro stupefacente diversità può anche alienare e separare le persone, in particolare quando i rituali importanti per una cultura considerano bizzarri quelli di un’altra.
La maggior parte degli scienziati che studiano i rituali considerano le loro oscure origini una delle loro caratteristiche tipiche. Recentemente tuttavia si è fatta avanti la teoria per cui, prima di diventare fenomeni puramente sociali ed estremamente particolari, molti rituali siano nati come tentativi di evitare disastri.
La ritualizzazione può avere aiutato le culture umane a mantenere comportamenti che si pensava garantissero una maggiore sicurezza anche dopo che il motivo iniziale di quei comportamenti fosse stato dimenticato, secondo gli autori di una serie di recenti articoli di ricerca pubblicati in un numero speciale della rivista Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B.
Le pratiche rituali per la preparazione del cibo e l’igiene del corpo, ad esempio, potrebbero essere nate come modi per evitare le malattie. Molti rituali forniscono anche un conforto psicologico nelle difficoltà, e una volta che diventano pratiche comuni rinforzano l’unione tra le persone e il senso di comunità.
Ora, con la pandemia di COVID-19, gli esseri umani stanno nuovamente adottando nuovi comportamenti in risposta a una minaccia, anche se è troppo presto per dire se alcuni di questi comportamenti verranno effettivamente ritualizzati. Per definizione, la ritualizzazione avviene quando il significato sociale di un comportamento diventa prioritario rispetto al suo uso pratico al fine di evitare malattie o disastri, afferma lo psicologo Mark Nielsen dell’Università del Queensland in Australia. Questo è l’aspetto che differenzia i rituali da altre pratiche culturali come ad esempio la cucina.
“Per imparare a cucinare un piatto si inizia generalmente copiando la ricetta, ma dopo averlo preparato più volte, si comincia a farlo a proprio modo” afferma. Questa forma di personalizzazione solitamente non avviene nelle pratiche ritualizzate – spiega – che vengono attentamente ripetute fino a che “perdono il loro valore funzionale e vengono messe in atto per il loro valore sociale”.
Il conforto della routine
In regioni in cui malattie e disastri naturali sono comuni e il rischio di violenza e stato di pericolo è alto, le società tendono a essere più “unite”, ovvero tendono ad avere norme sociali più forti e una minore tolleranza per comportamenti devianti, afferma Michele Gelfand, psicologa presso l’Università del Maryland. Queste società tendono inoltre a essere più religiose e a dare una maggiore priorità ai comportamenti ritualizzati.
La ricerca di Gelfand ha rilevato che l’approccio delle persone alla conformità sociale cambia quando queste sono esposte a minacce oppure anche solo alla percezione del pericolo. Quando il film Contagion, che racconta la storia inventata di una pandemia mondiale, è arrivato nei cinema nel 2011, Gelfand e i suoi colleghi hanno condotto uno studio basato su questionari che rilevò che gli spettatori che avevano appena visto il film avvertivano una maggiore ostilità nei confronti dei soggetti socialmente devianti.
Quando ci muoviamo tutti in sincronia, oppure eseguiamo le stesse azioni in modo prevedibile, come i rituali spesso richiedono, questo può creare una rassicurante sensazione di unità. E in una situazione di pericolo la collaborazione del gruppo può fare la differenza tra la vita e la morte.
“La cultura dell’esercito è un esempio emblematico”, afferma Gelfand, i movimenti sincronizzati di gruppo in cui si esercitano i militari di tutto il mondo li preparano ad agire come un’unica unità in situazioni di pericolo.
I rituali possono inoltre aiutarci a superare altri tipi di ansie e paure. Martin Lang dell’Università Masaryk nella Repubblica Ceca ritiene che la prevedibilità dei rituali li renda intrinsecamente confortanti. Il suo team ha scoperto ad esempio che le donne sulle isole Mauritius si sentono meno ansiose di dover fare un discorso in pubblico dopo un ripetitivo rituale di preghiera in un tempio indù.
L’umanità dei rituali
Alcuni fenomeni che superficialmente assomigliano a rituali sono stati osservati in altri primati, afferma il primatologo Carel van Schaik dell’Università di Zurigo, in Svizzera, che ha studiato l’evoluzione della cultura negli oranghi. Come tutti gli animali, i primati nascono con un istinto che li aiuta a evitare pericoli e malattie, inoltre queste specie possono imparare a evitare i rischi dopo aver vissuto una brutta esperienza oppure osservando gli altri esemplari del gruppo.
Tuttavia i ricercatori non hanno trovato prove di comportamenti rituali da parte di primati non umani, afferma van Schaik, “I rituali sono stati concepiti dalle nostre menti culturali, che si sono evolute nell’inusuale ambiente che ci siamo creati”.
Van Schaik ritiene che molti rituali sociali abbiano avuto origine quando gli esseri umani iniziarono a vivere in gruppi sempre più grandi, in particolare dopo che l’agricoltura ha permesso ad ampie popolazioni di vivere nello stesso posto. “Quella decisione fatale ha esposto gli esseri umani a ogni tipo di violenza, disastro e malattie” continua “dai conflitti interni ai gruppi stessi alle guerre tra gruppi diversi alle malattie infettive, che a quel punto potevano diffondersi rapidamente colpendo interi villaggi”.
Per evitare che si verificassero tali catastrofi, afferma, gli esseri umani misero in moto le loro menti agili e stravaganti. “Erano molto orientati verso una realtà sociale quindi credo che propendessero per interpretare qualsiasi avvenimento sfortunato come qualcosa che qualcuno — uno spirito, un demone o un dio — gli avesse inferto, forse a causa di un comportamento irritante dell’uomo. Così quegli uomini cercarono di fare le cose in modo da evitare il ripresentarsi di tali disastri”.
Molti rituali religiosi, ad esempio, riguardano l’igiene, la sessualità oppure modalità di gestione del cibo correlate al rischio di malattie, mentre altri riguardano questioni relative alla proprietà e alla famiglia, aspetti che sono spesso origine di conflitto. Non tutti i rituali sono efficaci perché non sempre comprendiamo cosa produca il rischio che cerchiamo di controllare. “Ma alcuni funzionano” afferma van Schaik.
Oltre a essere una reazione in situazioni di rischio, alcuni rituali probabilmente persistono per via della loro continua associazione con la prevenzione del rischio. Nello stato indiano rurale di Bihar, ad esempio, dove la mortalità materna e infantile alla nascita è ancora molto alta, la scienziata cognitiva Cristine Legare dell’Università del Texas ad Austin ha documentato 269 rituali associati a gravidanza e nascita. “Si tratta per la maggior parte di tentativi mirati a scongiurare esiti negativi” racconta.
Una parte significativa di questi rituali perinatali, come ad esempio il cibo nutriente che viene preparato per la madre durante il Chhathi, un rituale indù praticato nel sesto giorno dopo il parto, è perfettamente coerente con i consigli della medicina moderna, afferma Legare. “Molti altri probabilmente non hanno alcun effetto” aggiunge, “mentre quelli che sono pericolosi, come ad esempio fare il bagno al neonato immediatamente dopo la nascita oppure dargli il latte artificiale fino a quando un prete o un imam non dà la propria benedizione per iniziare ad allattare, sono rischiosi a causa ad esempio della mancanza di acqua pulita”.
Questo illustra come possano essere resilienti i rituali – anche quelli controproducenti – una volta raggiunta una rilevanza sociale, afferma Legare, che studia queste pratiche per capire come promuovere comportamenti sani con una comunicazione rispettosa delle diverse culture. “È importante tenere a mente che per la maggior parte delle persone i meccanismi della medicina moderna risultano oscuri tanto quanto quelli dei rituali”.
E mentre i rituali sono stati trasmessi di generazione in generazione, le pratiche della medicina moderna sono relativamente nuove. “Quando un medico ci dice: ‘Mi dispiace ma non c’è niente che possiamo fare per Lei’, può essere la verità, ma è anche molto scoraggiante” afferma Legare, “così molte persone in tutto il mondo scelgono di andare in cerca di altre opzioni”.
L’evoluzione dei rituali
Nell’era della pandemia, alcuni consigli medici pratici come l’igiene delle mani sono stati in qualche modo ritualizzati. Gli esperti sanitari ci indicano esattamente come lavarci le mani e per quanto tempo, e sapere che dopo circa 20 secondi l’operazione è efficace ci dà un certo senso di sicurezza.
Anche altre pratiche sociali, come ad esempio salutarsi con il solo contatto del gomito oppure gli abbracci distanziati, si stanno affermando. E indossare la mascherina è diventato un modo per mostrare la propria adesione a un gruppo sociale, oltre ad essere un modo scientificamente valido per ridurre il rischio di trasmissione della malattia. Non ci è dato sapere se queste pratiche verranno reiterate fino al punto di dimenticarci perché abbiamo iniziato a metterle in atto, diventando appunto veri rituali. Ma nei nostri sforzi per capire come si è verificata la pandemia, dalle spiegazioni religiose all’accento posto su come il genere umano si sia esposto alle malattie danneggiando l’ambiente, riecheggiano le ricerche dei nostri antenati per scoprire cosa avevano fatto per meritare il castigo.
Fortunatamente – afferma Gelfand – la ricerca squisitamente umana della conoscenza ci ha portato anche alla ricerca scientifica, mettendoci in una posizione migliore che mai per evitare future catastrofi. “Se consideriamo la situazione da questo punto di vista” conclude Gelfand “potremmo davvero imparare qualcosa”. LEGGI TUTTO
Gli insetti stanno diminuendo a un ritmo allarmante? Sì, conferma. È un aspetto più complesso dell’imminente declino globale? Sì.
Per fare un esempio, Forister, che studia le farfalle nell’occidente degli Stati Uniti, cita due specie che rappresentano situazioni molto diverse.
La Agraulis vanillae, che generalmente si trova nelle zone meridionali degli Stati Uniti, in Messico e in America Centrale, ora sta prosperando in California perché lì viene coltivata la sua pianta ospite, la passiflora, una diffusa pianta ornamentale.
Per contro, la Euchloe ausonides, che vive sulle piante della senape – specie di pianta infestante – era molto diffusa fino a quando la sua popolazione è precipitata, probabilmente vittima del triplice danno inferto da cambiamento climatico, perdita dell’habitat e pesticidi.
Lo studio di Forister si concentra specificamente sull’effetto del cambiamento climatico sulle farfalle. Le specie subiscono l’effetto di incendi, siccità ed eventi meteorologici estremi, e se precedenti teorie ipotizzavano che nelle zone montane le farfalle potessero semplicemente spostarsi più in alto o più in basso sui pendii per sfruttare le condizioni migliori, non sembra essere effettivamente così, quanto meno non per tutte le specie.
Altre specie, inclusa la famosa farfalla monarca (Danaus plexippus), sono prosperate meglio del previsto durante le estati dal 2011 al 2015, quando le condizioni di maggiore caldo hanno significato più tempo per riprodursi. Ma questo non ha fermato il continuo e graduale declino delle monarca nell’ovest.
Come possiamo contribuire
Nonostante il quadro preoccupante delle statistiche, Forister e Wagner sostengono che ci sia speranza.
La Germania nel 2019 ha promesso di stanziare quasi 100 milioni di euro per la tutela, il monitoraggio e la ricerca sugli insetti. Il Costa Rica ha appoggiato le organizzazioni internazionali che stanno investendo 100 milioni di dollari (circa 82 milioni di euro) per inventariare e sequenziare parti del DNA di “ogni creatura multicellulare del Paese nell’arco di un decennio”, operazione particolarmente importante per le numerosissime specie tropicali sconosciute, scrive Wagner nel saggio introduttivo del report.
I “cittadini scienziati” si stanno facendo avanti per aiutare ad ampliare la base di conoscenze. Un’app, iNaturalist, che permette agli utenti di caricare immagini per l’identificazione e la classificazione degli esemplari, sta diventando una delle più ampie fonti di osservazione degli insetti.
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another ‘s psychological direction. Early FCP research established in media research is keen on how families handle broad communications data. Family correspondence was perceived as an exceptional scholastic exploration field by the National Communications Association in 1989. Family correspondence researchers were at first impacted by family research, social brain science, and relational hypothesis, before long built up the hypothesis and began research in a family framework zeroed in on a significant job. Until 2001, the primary issue of the Family Communication Research Journal, Family Communication Magazine, was given. Family correspondence is more than the field of correspondence analysts in the family. Examination on family correspondence is normally done by individuals in brain science, humanism, and family research, to give some examples models. However, as the popular family correspondence researcher Leslie Baxter stated, it is the focal point of this intelligent semantic creation measure making the grant of family correspondence special. In the field of in-home correspondence, correspondence is normally not founded on autonomous messages from one sender to one beneficiary, yet dependent on the dynamic interdependency of data shared among families It is conceptualized. The focal point of this methodology is on the shared trait of semantic development inside family frameworks. As such, producing doesn’t happen in vacuum, however it happens in a wide scope of ages and social exchange.
Standards are rules end up being followed when performing work to agree to a given objective. Hierarchical achievement relies significantly upon compelling correspondence. So as to successfully impart, it is important to follow a few standards and rules. Coming up next are rules to guarantee powerful correspondence: clearness: lucidity of data is a significant guideline of correspondence. For beneficiaries to know the message plainly, the messages ought to be sorted out in a basic language. To guarantee that beneficiaries can without much of a stretch comprehend the importance of the message, the sender needs to impart unmistakably and unhesitatingly so the beneficiary can plainly and unquestionably comprehend the data.><|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>In the case of organ donation, there are many individuals who sign up to become an organ donor if they were to die suddenly, being an aid for anyone who might need an organ under dire circumstances. The usual identification for an organ donor is on their driver’s license, in where the individual usually gives consent to become a donor during the licensing process. Even though it is the own individual’s choice to organ donation, what would occur if the family was in opposition of the donation due to religious purposes? In these type of ethical dilemmas, congregating with religious beliefs, can prove to be difficult when consulting on a dying individual’s health. To figure out such an ethical dilemma, one must be able to look through an ethical
Organ transplantation becomes a prevalent procedures that patients adopt it to cure for end-stage organ failure. Organ transplant is dissected in to organ donation, organ procurement and organ allocation. Since the demand exceeds supply that patients fight for scarce resources. Organ transplantation is not like other medical procedures. It involves organ procurements from donors, either living or deceased. Therefore, ethical issues is big concern. One’s perception, attitude, value, belief, age and health status influence on his or her willingness to donate organ. Meanwhile, one’s perception, attitude, value and belief rely on which social group that he or she comes from and the religion that he or she holds. Ethical dilemmas such as death determination and fairness allocation emerge in organ procurement and allocation.
Understanding the ethics of the organ transplantation process could increase the number of possible donors, thus saving the lives of so many who are in need of organ transplants.
All aspects of health care face the inevitability of moral and ethical issues arising on numerous fronts. The organ donation and transplantation field of medicine is no exception. Each day, approximately 18 people die waiting for an organ to become available for transplant (Taranto, 2010). In the grand scheme of things this may not seem a significant number; however, the fact that over 6,500 individuals with families, friends, and an otherwise productive life will die needlessly every year is obviously a far cry from acceptable. This particular lack
Organ Donation and Transplantation continues to be an important controversial issue in healthcare ethics. The ethical principles in allocation of human organs in a pluralistic society with conflicting ideas are norms that are meant optimal for matters of a public policy, where individuals in such a society hold various conflicting, yet a reasonable position on organ allocation. Three principals have gained primary importance in allocating organs for transplantation: utility, justice and autonomy. (http://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov).
Every day, 20 people die because they are unable to receive a vital organ transplant that they need to survive. Some of these people are on organ donation lists and some of them are not. The poor and minorities are disproportionately represented among those who do not receive the organs they need. In the United States alone, nearly 116,000 people are on waiting lists for vital organ transplants. Another name is added to this list every 10 minutes. This paper will argue that organ donation should not be optional. Every person who dies, or enters an irreversible vegetative state with little or no brain function, should have his or her organs-more specifically, those among the organs that are suitable for donation-harvested. A single healthy donor who has died can save up to eight lives (American Transplant Foundation).
The most controversial issue with receiving organ donations is that the donor cannot legally choose who the recipient will be in most cases. Of course in a situation where one’s parent is dying, one is allowed to give up an organ if it is a good match, but if one decides to donate a kidney to his or her best
With people making important decisions about their body every day the subject of organ donation becomes increasingly important. For years, the topic has been the source of many controversial debates regarding its ethical and moral ideations. Organ donation should remain voluntary for several reasons: first and foremost it is still considered a donation. Next, patients and their families should have the right to say no to medical procedures. And, lastly, bodily autonomy should be respected by healthcare professionals. Many argue, however, that organ donation should be mandatory as to decrease not only the time spent on an organ donation list but also the risks of mortality while waiting for a new organ. Families often have the final say in
As technology continues to progress the feasibility of organ transplantation becomes a commonplace. It is very common for organs to be donated after one passes if it is the wishes of the deceased. As the supply of organs from the deceased is greatly outnumbered by the number of patients on waitlists living donors becomes an issue. Many times a relative or close friend is willing to give up an organ to help save a life. The question is: Is it ethical to accept a monetary payment in exchange for an organ to save a life?
Donating an organ, whether it is before or after dead, is seen by society as the right thing to do, but at what cost. Being asked to become an organ donor right before getting our license is almost always a yes. Death is one of the farthest things from our mind and when we are asked this question we would rather live life knowing our organs could be used to save someone’s life. But this simple checkmark or heart can sometimes be used against us; because there are so many people waiting for an organ, doctors have been given the ability to stretch the fine line between life and death. Not signing the donor card can gives us a few more bargaining space. Although both Crystal Lombardo and Dick Teresi speak about the effects of organ donation, Lombardo, author of “11 Major Pros And Cons Of Organ Donation”, points out the importance of becoming an organ donor, while Teresi, author of “What You Lose When You Sign That Donor Card”, describes the complications between doctor and patient.
Bilgel (2012) points out it can lead to anti-donation feelings of citizens and then make people opt out more. For the public, the presumed consent organ donation might be considered utilitarianism, which seeks the greatest good for the greatest number. As Harris (1975) points out, it is just like killing one to save more people, which will be difficult for some people to accept. For example, Brazil passed Presumed Organ Donor Law in 1997, but it caused widespread public debates on the legal, ethical, religious, and civil ramifications of compulsory organ donation, the opponents thought organ donation should be voluntary instead of being compulsive (Andrea, 1998). Indeed, the law has not been implemented at last. Besides, Shaw (2013) asserts that some malicious doctors may abuse of power to make patients with lesser need receive organs more quickly than those with a large need. Just like the scandal happened in German in 2013, doctors who were bribed falsified medical records to make their patients’ conditions appear worse to get organs more quickly (ibid). For this reason, patients with worse conditions cannot receive organs in time, so the morbidity and mortality might increase more rapidly. Overall, public confidence needs more attention and research in opt-out organ
In 1983 Dr H Barry Jacobs, a physician from Virginia, whose medical license had been revoked after a conviction for Medicare mail-fraud, founded International Kidney Exchange, Ltd. He sent a brochure to 7,500 American hospitals offering to broker contracts between patients with end-stage-renal-disease and persons willing to sell one kidney. His enterprise never got off the ground, but Dr Jacobs did spark an ethical debate that resulted in hearings before a congressional committee headed by Albert Gore, Jr., then a representative from the state of Tennessee. The offensive proposal for kidney sales led to the National Organ Transplant Act to become law in
What do you think can be done when there is a shortage of organ donations? Should people in the need of money sell their organs in the hope of getting some cash? Well, most people in today's society are supporting the idea that people should be allowed to sell their organs if they want. It could save thousands of lives of those people who are waiting for a transplant on the long list that never ends. However, they do not look at the negative affects that this could lead to for some citizens in the society. The article, “Body Snatchers: Organs Harvesting For Profit” by Dale Archer M.D is a good example of showing how people around the world are committing different kind of crimes in order to earn money. Similar to this article is the other article<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Before you read
Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about your daily routine, using the cues below.
Example: what time you often get up
A: What time do you often get up?
B: I often get up at six.
_ what time you go to school / have breakfast / lunch / dinner / go to bed
_ what you often do in the morning / afternoon / evening
While you read
Read the passage and then do the tasks that follow.
Mr. Vy: The alarm goes off at 4:30. I get up and go down to the kitchen to boil some water for my morning tea. I drink several cups of tea, have a quick breakfast and then lead the buffalo to the field. It takes me 45 minutes to get ready. I leave the house at a quarter past five and arrive in the field at exactly 5:30. I plough and harrow my plot of land and at a quarter to eight I take a short rest. During my break I often drink tea with my fellow peasant and smoke local tobacco. I continue to work from a quarter past eight till 10:30. Then I go home, take a short rest and have lunch with my family at 11:30. After lunch I usually take an hour's rest.
Mrs. Tuyet: At 2:30 in the afternoon we go to the field again. We repair the banks of our plot of land. Then my husband pumps water into it while I do the transplanting. We work for about two hours before we take a rest. We finish our work at 6 p.m. We have dinner at about 7 p.m., then we watch TV and go to bed at about 10 p.m. Sometimes we go and see our neighbours for a cup of tea. We chat about our work, our children and our plans for the next crop. Although it's a long day for us, we are contented with what we do. We love working and we love our children.
Task 1. Choose the option A, B or C that best suits the meaning of the italicised word(s).
The alarm goes off at 4:30.
A. goes wrong B. goes away C. rings
It takes me 45 minutes to get ready.
A. to go B. to wake up C. to prepare
We chat about our work.
A. talk in a friendly way B. learn C. discuss
We are contented with what we do.
A. satisfied with B. disappointed with C. interested in
Task 2. Answer the following questions.
What is Mr. Vy's occupation ?
What time does he get up and what does he do after that ?
What does he do in the morning ?
What do Mr. Vy and his wife do in the afternoon ?
Are they happy with their life or not ? Why ?
Task 3. Scan the passage and make a brief note about Mr. Vy and Mrs. Tuyet's daily routines. Then compare your note with a partner.
After you read
Work in groups. Talk about Mr. and Mrs. Tuyet's daily routines.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Page created and maintained by Roger Edwards, Storm Prediction Center
Radar receivers in the national network of Doppler radars (WSR-88D) can detect sunsets. Here, in a composite of reflectivity images across the east-central U.S., seven sites did so. A radar antenna was located at each location numbered in yellow, with the sun at a low enough angle to the ground to be intercepted head-on by the radar beam.
Since it was winter -- only a few days after solstice -- the sun sets in the southwest in these areas; so the sunset echoes appear as blue line segments southwest of each radar site. The tilt of the earth causes the sun to set later at more southerly latitudes in winter, which is why the sunsets show up farther east as you look from Minnesota to Tennessee. By contrast, in the summer, the sunset echoes would be facing northwest; and they would appear farther west as you go southward. At the start of spring and fall, each sunset echo would face east-west, and the whole series of them would be arranged in a north-south band. In nationwide radar reflectivity loops, the sunset can often be tracked east-west across the country by following the appearance of the sun echoes over several hours.
[The large area of blues and greens over Iowa was a belt of snow. Some radars failed to show sunsets because of precipitation and dense cloud cover obscuring the sun.]
These radars can pick up the sun as an echo because the sun transmits radiation at all wavelengths. This includes the 10-cm long microwaves sent and received by the radars. When the sun is low in the sky, and a radar beam moves across it, the sun's 10-cm microwave emissions are strong enough to register in the radar receiver. Unfiltered, these echoes pass through the computer software processing and show up on radar displays. They are easily distinguished from precipitation echoes by their character: occurring only around sunrise or sunset, shaped straight, nearly uniform in intensity, elongated with the radar beam and facing the direction of the sun.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Questa specie la troviamo in natura nei corsi d'acqua del Brasile. Il corpo ha due colorazioni: nella parte del dorso è verde oliva pallido per poi diventare argenteo sul ventre; queste due colorazioni sono divise da una banda scura che attraversa il corpo, partendo all'opercolo per poi terminare nel lobo inferiore della pinna caudale. Dietro l'opercolo troviamo un sottile linea dorata. La pinna caudale è bordata di bianco e ha una forma biforcuta. La caratteristica che distingue i due sessi è il gonfiore che assume la femmina durante il periodo della riproduzione. Un altra caratteristica che invece accomuna i due sessi è il modo di nuotare, ovvero a testa in alto. La sua dieta è onnivoro, con livello di nuoto superiore e centrale. Il suo temperamento è pacifico e vive in banchi. Raggiunge una dimensione adulta di 7,5 cm.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a bone disorder characterized by death of bone tissues resulting from temporary or permanent loss of blood supply to the bone. It is also connoted as aseptic necrosis, osteonecrosis, bone infarction, and ischemic necrosis.
Symptoms of Avascular necrosis
Symptoms do not appear when the disease starts setting; it’s a progressive disorder so at one point you will experience pain in your joints especially in the hips, shoulders, knees, hands, feet and groin. It would be like spasms, most likely to reduce with rest. Also the pain might not arise normally but while placing some weight on the affected bone.
Movement of your hips, legs, and other affected zones of your body is restricted and people often are seen to be limping with advancement of necrosis in bone tissues.
Causes and risk factors of avascular necrosis
Avascular necrosis occurs more often in men between 40 and 50 years old. However, children might get one form of the disease which is known as Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) which affects the femur and hips.
The general reasons are:
- Chronic use of corticoid drugs might cause a reaction that obstructs blood flow to bone tissues.
- Excessively drinking alcohol, high cholesterol
- Traumatic injury of the bone – like dislocated joints, hip fracture, etc.
- People with medical conditions like sickle cell anaemia, diabetes, lupus, and HIV/AIDS
- People undergoing cancer treatments like radiation and chemotherapy
Complications of Avascular necrosis
Bone deformity, joint collapse and extensive arthritis are some complications of avascular necrosis. If surface of a joint is involved, it may lead to rapidly progressive osteoarthritis.
Diagnosis of Avascular necrosis
First your doctor will check your medical history and evaluate your general health and lifestyle. You need to present him the medicines you are taking. Following this, the painful zones and the vulnerable bones will be felt manually for tenderness and inflammation.
Treatment of Avascular necrosis
Avascular necrosis is treatable. The treatment is directed towards controlling necrosis and helping the tissues to regenerate.
The treatment differs from one person to another, depending on the severity of the disease, age, general health, activity, the risk factors and your medical history.
We have charted out some commonly used treatment choices here:
- NSAIDS are used to alleviate pain. Other choices are osteoporotic drugs, blood thinners, and anti- cholesterol pills.
- Electrical stimulation on certain points is done to enhance growth of bone tissues.
- Surgical options also exist which essentially are transplantation, decompression, replacement and reshaping of bones
Taking care of Avascular necrosis at home
- You have to be utmost careful with your movements. Walk carefully to avoid accidental fall. Avoid lifting, holding and carrying anything that trigger pain
- Your doctor would certainly advice rest for a certain period, which you must follow
- You have to cut down alcohol and follow the diet plan if specified by your doctor
- Some physiotherapy exercises might be
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控制地带；
6、占用城市交叉路口、公路交叉路口（机动车停车线40米范围内）设置占路式户外广告的；
7、占用或影响残疾人设施的；
8、利用机动车车行道净空的；
9、妨碍消防通道，影响消防供应设施或其它市政公用设施使用的；
10、遮挡建筑物特色装饰细部，影响建筑物采光、通风等功能使用和安全的。
11、在建筑物二层以上、多层和高层建筑物的窗间墙、窗下墙设置非镂空字的；
12、利用透空式围墙、护栏、特色石墙设置的；
13、在建（构）筑物坡型、异型顶部设置的。
14、在相邻建（构）筑物之间跨越式架设的；
15、利用车辆的前身、顶部、车窗的；
16、非建设用地范围设置围挡式广告设施的；
17、影响高压输变电设施安全使用的；在人行天桥桥梁上设置的；
18、在建（构）筑物上直接喷绘涂写文字、图形的。
19、PVC围挡产品质量应符合相应的国家规范，要通过环境管理体系和质量管理体系，并需提供出厂合格证和检验报告。
PVC围挡是施工中使用多的一种围挡材料之一，也是我们在生活中常见的道路施工安全防护措施。围挡主要的用处是将道路施工现场和外部道路的环境所隔离开来，让施工现场变成一个相对而言较为封闭的环境，这样作业起来也不会被外界干扰，同时施工也保证了外界居民的安全。
首先，保障了行人免受施工过程中的一些危险或者威胁，比如施工中飞溅的火花和砂石。
其次，围挡将施工场地圈出，一定程度上降低了施工对周围居民的嗓音污染现象。
然后，施工的围挡挡板将道路施工现场给围住，同时将杂乱的施工现场与魅力的城市环境隔离开来，保护了城市建设中的形象。
后，围挡的挡板上还可以印刷粘贴一些城市建设规划的蓝图或城市宣传口号，也让行人对城市道路建设更加理解支持。
PVC围挡优势
在施工现场，pvc围挡用来阻隔工地，以保证施工现场及行人的安全。施工过程中，不管是施工人员还是施工设备都要严格按照操作规程来操作，避免造成安全隐患。
那pvc围挡的又有什么其他优点呢。首先pvc围挡是用PVC塑料挡板制成，能有效抵挡工地施工扬起的灰尘。能够大大降低城市生态环境、生态文明建设快速发展的压力。其次便于清洗，省去了大量人力来清洁围挡。当然*重要的就是质量好，一般情况下能够使用3-4年，以至于有很多工地从开工到结束都没有出现因围挡自身原因损坏而更换的情况在使用pvc围挡的时候，不仅以高要求严标准来规范围挡，还可以对pvc围挡的外观进行修饰，加上山水风景画或者公益宣传标语，得以让pvc围挡可以很好的融入到人们生活中，为人们保驾护航。
否进口：否
：宝顺
型号：可定做
加工定制：是
规格：950型,1150型,按需定制
长度：300cm
适用范围：施工围挡、路边围蔽、市政工程
高度：按需定做
类型：防撞栏
材质：彩钢
施工围挡上应按照要求设置“五牌一图”，其余位置应设置公益广告或商业广告（铁马或水马围挡除外）。投资工程施工围挡原则上全部设置公益广告，其他工程设置公益广告面积不得少于工地围挡户外广告总面积的50%。
施工围挡装饰画面或广告画面与墙体的连接应确保连接可靠，牢固安全，制作精良 ，粘贴平整，连接构件不得。
原则上，城市主干道、城市中心区采用现代、简洁、明快的外观造型和画面风格，老城区采用具有岭南风情或仿古形式的外观造型和画面风格，景观道路、旅游区等结合区域景观定位采用相应风格的的外观造型和画面风格。
深圳市宝顺钢围挡厂家直销 深圳钢结构围挡制作 惠州新款围挡厂家
护栏工艺流程：热镀板——高频焊接——切割——冲压——酸洗——清洗——碱洗——清洗——富锌磷化——清洗——高温静电喷涂（强静电，正负极使油漆附在基材表层）——高温固化（180℃-220℃增强附着力）——检验——包装。
锌钢护栏的10大优势：
1、不生锈，恶劣环境下，特别是沿海地区，这种产品三十年不会生锈，耐腐蚀性能特强。
2、硬度大，耐撞击。热浸锌合金钢的硬度值为211DPN（而一般钢材的硬度值仅为159DPN）
3、本产品采用的是无焊接组合，没有焊点，加工方便.快捷.省时.省力.省钱。
4、防腐、防锈、防盗、防拆。
5、市场潜力大，是不锈钢的替代品。
6、造型美观、安全实用又环保、
7、风险小，不会生锈变质.
8、护栏采用坚固的镀锌钢材、表面涂层是采用澳大利亚原装进口骆驼粉末喷涂工艺，具有防火，抗紫外线，抗氧化功能。20年内色泽变化率不会超过5%。表面自洁性能特强。
9、这种型材表面的富锌磷化层，不仅具有优良的防腐蚀性能，还增强了表面涂膜与基材的附着力，而成为久性附着力，挤压，加工，撞击表面涂层不会脱落。
10、由于纯锌层结构是稠密六才晶系，变形加工硬而不脆，不会像生铁那样遇到撞击易断裂。
常用颜色 黑砂 灰砂 古铜金古铜红 芝麻白 高光黑 咖啡色 高光绿 高光兰 淡兰色 亮光白 绿银花http://www.baosgc.com<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>无论你在 PyCharm 中做什么，都是在项目的上下文中进行的。项目是代表完整软件解决方案的组织单元。它作为编码辅助、批量重构、编码风格一致性等的基础。
在 PyCharm 中打开一个文件夹后，.idea子文件夹会添加到其中 PyCharm 存储其内部配置设置，例如项目代码样式或版本控制系统。
PyCharm 中的项目以基于目录的格式表示。项目目录标有 图标。
这样的项目目录包含.idea目录，其中包含以下文件：
*.iml描述项目结构的文件。
workspace.xml文件，其中包含您的工作区首选项。
多个xml文件。每个xml文件都负责自己的一组设置，可以通过其名称识别：projectCodeStyle.xml、encodings.xml、vcs.xml等。
因此，例如，添加新的运行/调试配置和更改编码将影响两个不同的xml文件。当项目设置存储在版本控制系统中并由不同的团队成员修改时，这有助于避免合并冲突。
.idea目录在项目工具窗口的项目视图中不可见。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Mesothelioma is a rare but aggressive type of cancer related to exposure to asbestos, a natural mineral that can be woven and mixed with cement. Before being proven toxic during the 20th century, it was widely used for about 100 years in industries such as construction, shipbuilding and manufacturing. If undisturbed, asbestos can be harmless, but when it comes in contact with other materials, asbestos fibers can be released into the air. The asbestos fibers can be inhaled or swallowed and cannot be fully expelled by the body. As the fibers become trapped in the mesothelial cells, they irritate the cells, causing the formation of tumors. This process takes decades and it affects different organs.
Mesothelial cells protect and moisten the organs through a lining known as the mesothelium. There are four different types of mesothelioma: pleural, peritoneal, pericardial and testicular mesothelioma, defined according to the location of the tumors, including the lungs, abdomen, heart and testicles, respectively. About 20% of the patients suffer from peritoneal mesothelioma, which occurs when mesothelioma develops in the lining of the abdomen, the peritoneum. There is currently no cure for the disease, but there are treatments that improve the symptoms. Peritonectomy is an option for patients with peritoneal mesothelioma.
Peritonectomy Surgical Procedure
Peritonectomy is the most common surgical procedure used with patients with this form of the disease. The purpose of the surgery is to resect the cancerous cells in the lining of the abdominal cavity. Peritonectomy is often referred as peritonectomy and cytoredutive. During the surgery, the surgeon makes an incision in the abdomen to gain access to the cavity and observe the cancerous growth. It is a complex procedure that can last 10 to 12 hours and parts of the bowels, gall bladder, liver, pancreas, spleen and stomach may be removed.
Benefits and Risks of Peritonectomy
Peritonectomy and cytoreductive surgery are aggressive and invasive treatment options, but the procedures are known to have encouraging results. The decrease of cancerous cells in the abdomen enables chemotherapy to penetrate the tissue. The greatest the amount of tumors removed, the better chemotherapy will work. Peritonectomy and cytoreductive surgery combined with chemotherapy can improve patients’ life span and increase survival in about three years, while patients with peritoneal mesothelioma usually face a prognosis of about a year.
However, it is a difficult surgery and includes numerous risks. The main possible side effects include pain, fatigue, poor appetite due to the general anesthesia, weight loss, swelling around the surgical site related to the normal response of the body to the incision, fluid drainage from the site of surgery that can be accompanied by a bad smell, fever and redness, bruising around the surgery site due to the leakage of blood from the small blood vessels under the skin, bleeding, infection at the incision site, as well as temporary organ dysfunction, according to the American Cancer Society.
Recovery and Life After Peritonectomy
The majority of patients need to stay at the hospital for about two weeks, which are used to recovery from the major surgery and in some cases to continue with chemotherapy. Heated chemotherapy is administered into the abdominal cavity during the surgery and the treatment is continued for two weeks. It helps kill any cancer cells left behind during the cytoreduction. During this time, patients’ health is monitored by physicians and nurses, with particular emphasis on the recovery of the digestive system, which is particularly affected by the surgery.
After being discharged, the recovery continues at home and patients are likely to need more two or three weeks before being ready to go back to work. Following the peritonectomy and cytoreduction surgery, patients receive food, fluids, vitamins and medications intravenously with a nasogastric tube placed from the nose into the stomach. The tube drains the content of the stomach until the recovery of the bowels. Due to the surgery, patients are expected to improve symptoms of peritoneal mesothelioma, which include weight loss, abdominal distention, hernias, loss of appetite, feeling of fullness, abdominal swelling or tenderness, fatigue, abdominal fluid buildup, bowel obstruction.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>پوتین در نشست جی بیست تاکید کرد: «اواخر ناگوار اخیر در فرانسه یک بار دیگر به ما گوشزد می کنند که باید در مبارزه با این عامل شر متحد شویم».
دیوید کمرون نیز گفت: «ما پس از حوادث ناگوار پاریس با هم ملاقات می کنیم و همانطور که شما گفتید، باید با هم کار کنیم تا جلوی تروریسم را بگیریم».<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Basic research focuses on the search for truth or the development of theory. Because of this property, basic research is fundamental. Researchers with their fundamental background knowledge “design studies that can test, refine, modify, or develop theories.”
Generally, these researchers are affiliated with an academic institution, and they perform this research as part of their graduate or doctoral works. Gathering knowledge for knowledge’s sake is the sole purpose of basic research.
Basic research is also called pure research. Basic research is driven by a scientist’s curiosity or interest in a scientific question.
The main motivation in basic research is to expand man’s knowledge, not to create or invent something. There is no obvious commercial value to the discoveries that result from basic research.
The term ‘basic’ indicates that, through theory generation, basic research provides the foundation for applied research. This approach of research is essential for nourishing the expansion of knowledge.
It deals with questions that are intellectually interesting and challenging to the investigator. It focuses on refuting or supporting theories that operate in a changing society.
Basic research generates new ideas, principles, and theories, which may not be of immediate practical utility, though such research lays the foundations of modern progress and development in many fields.
Basic research rarely helps practitioners directly with their everyday concerns but can stimulate new ways of thinking about our daily lives.
Basic researchers are more detached and academic in their approach and tend to have their motives. For example, an anthropologist may research to try and understand the physical properties, symbolic meanings, and practical qualities of things.
Such research contributes to an understanding of broad issues of interest to many social sciences-issues of self, family, and material culture.
Having said so, we come up with the following definition of basic research:
Definition of Basic Research
When the solution to the research problem has no apparent applications to any existing practical problem but serves only the scholarly interests of a community of a researcher, the research is basic.
Most scientists believe that a fundamental understanding of all branches of science is needed for progress to take place.
In other words, basic research lays down the foundation for the applied research that follows. If basic work is done first, then applied spin-offs often eventually result from this research.
A person wishing to do basic research in any specialized area generally must have studied the concepts and assumptions of that specialization enough to know what has been done in the past and what remains to be done.
In the health sector, for example, basic research is necessary to generate new knowledge and technology to deal with major unsolved health problems. Here are a few examples of questions asked in pure research:
- How did the universe begin?
- What are protons, neutrons, and electrons composed of?
- How do slime molds reproduce?
- How do the Neo-Malthusians view the Malthusian theory?
- What is the specific genetic code of the fruit fly?
- What is the relevance of the dividend theories in the capital market?
As there is no guarantee of short-term practical gain, researchers find it difficult to obtain funding for basic research.
Examples of Basic Research
The author investigated the smoothness of the solution of the degenerate Hamilton-Bellman (HJB) equation associated with a linear- quadratic regulator control.
The author established the existence of a classical solution of degenerate HJB equation associated with this problem by the technique of viscosity solutions and hence derived an optimal control from the optimality conditions in the HJB equation.
Hasan (2009) gave a solution to linear programming problems through computer algebra. In his paper, he developed a computer technique for solving such linear fractional programming problems.
At the outset, he determined all basic feasible solutions of the constraints, which are a system of linear equations.
The author then computed and compared the objective function values and obtained the optimal objective function value and optimal solutions. The method was then illustrated with a few numerical examples.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Fedakar bir öğretmen ile küçük yaşta çalıştırılıp okula gönderilmeyen bir öğrencinin hikayesini anlatıyor. İki kısımdan oluşan filmde ; birinci bölümde öğretmen pes edip herşeyi kabulleniyor ve öğrenci okuldan uzakta her türlü pisliğe bulaşıyor ve hayatını kaybediyor. İkinci bölümde ise öğretmen pes etmiyor ve onu okula kazandırıyor öğrenci de yıllar sonra öğretmen olup hayatına devam ediyor. 24 Kasım'da gösterime girecek.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Terapia del nervo schiacciato non chirurgica | sono sano
Devi aver sentito spesso il termine nervo schiacciato. Duuh... immagina solo il dolore. Uno dei sintomi principali di un nervo schiacciato è il dolore, che varia da lieve a grave. Il dolore severo può causare mobilità limitata. Quali sono le opzioni di trattamento per un nervo schiacciato?
In medicina, un nervo schiacciato è in realtà Ernia nucleo polposo (HNP), una condizione causata dalla sporgenza del midollo spinale che pizzica il midollo spinale. L'HNP può verificarsi in tutte le vertebre, ma più spesso si verifica nei segmenti lombari o lombari, principalmente nei segmenti L4-L5, L5-S1. I nervi pizzicati possono verificarsi anche nelle vertebre del collo C5-C6 o C6-C7.
Leggi anche: Non so l'età, ecco come rilevare la scoliosi!
Non so l'età
Questo nervo schiacciato può colpire anche tutte le età, giovani e meno giovani.
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میتوانند فیلمهای روز کشور را در این مجموعه مشاهده کنند.
وی گفت: شهرداری منطقه ۱۱ امسال در بازسازی و احیاء بافت تاریخی حمام رهنان ۲۰۰ میلیون تومان هزینه کرده و در صدد جذب مشارکت کننده بخش خصوصی برای اتمام و بهرهبرداری از این پروژه است.
معاون عمران شهری شهردار اصفهان با بیان اینکه هفت میلیارد تومان پروژه عمرانی و مشارکتی در شهرداری منطقه ۱۱ در حال اجرا است، تصریح کرد: خوشبختانه در حال حاضر ۸۰ درصد بودجه خالص عمرانی منطقه ۱۱ جذب شده است.
وی ادامه داد: منطقه ۱۱ با آزادسازی کارخانه روغن نباتی اقدامی بسیار بزرگی را انجام داد زیرا فعالیت آن مشکلات زیستمحیطی زیادی برای منطقه ۱۱ و ساکنان خیابان امام خمینی به وجود آورده بود.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>一、浇水过多
黄瓜开花后，小黄瓜就枯萎了，可能是浇水过多的原因。黄瓜本身不耐水涝，一旦出现浇水过多的情况，会影响到结果，导致闷根，从而引起小黄瓜枯萎、腐烂。黄瓜生长阶段应该要合理浇水，保持见干见湿的原则，不能在土壤中出现积水，尤其是在开花结果时要适当控水。
二、肥害影响
黄瓜不喜浓肥，不喜生肥，如果在开花结果期施加了过多浓肥或生肥，或者是施肥过多，会导致肥害，导致根系被烧死，引起果实枯萎发黄，逐渐腐烂。黄瓜要合理追施肥料，开花结果期要补充好足够的养分，但是不能出现积肥过多的问题，可适当喷施磷酸二氢钾肥料。
三、感染病害
黄瓜养殖不当会感染病害，比如染上枯萎病，果实会逐渐枯黄腐烂，出现落果的现象。黄瓜日常养殖时要加强通风，病害高发期提前喷药预防，发病之后，及时修剪掉病害枝叶，对土壤消毒杀菌处理，往黄瓜上喷百菌清药物。
四、长期阴雨
黄瓜在坐果期间需要保证好充足的光照，如果遇到长期阴雨天气，光照不足，光合作用无法进行，影响到长势，也会导致小黄瓜枯萎。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Media refers to the diverse concepts of technology and message. Impact of media is created in the process of production, presentation and receiving which involves both journalist and the audience as well. Alcohol, tobacco and other drug prevention therefore involves media education, advocacy, lobbying and building media literacy, engaging every step of the process.
Media is Powerfu
Sri Lanka has approximately 23 television stations currently operating in the country. Most stations are accessible at rural households resulting in attracting and retaining a large television viewership in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka is a highly literate country with higher media use. As quoted in the Department of Census and Statistics (2009/10) 79 percent of the rural communities have televisions at home in Sri Lanka. However the television viewership is not proportionate to the TV sets available in Sri Lanka as the guest viewing is common among rural community where people without televisions watch them at the homes of neighbors.
There are 23 television stations operating in Sri Lanka, with more than 100 satellite channels accessible at rural households resulting in attracting and retaining a large television viewership in Sri Lanka.
|Television viewing patterns Program||Children %|
According to UNDA Sri Lanka and the university of Kelaniya (2003 ) Only 1 out of 5 children watch television at 4.00-6.00 children belt. 75% of the children watch during 8.00 to 9.30 family belt.
Alcohol and Media
Sri Lanka has made great progress through media, particularly in the fields of health and education and also in improving the social life in one sense. Media therefore has a huge potential to benefit as well as bear an impact on the society.
News, Tele Dramas, Films, and musical programs are very popular and they reach out to all age groups in society depending on their interests. The impact of these programmes on all age groups cannot be measured simply on the entertainment value it creates but also on the educational value.What the media has been teaching us has been studied in depth in Sri Lanka. This is what it does in relation to Alcohol education!
Media education is the process of teaching and learnhng a bout media.It is about developing people’s critical and creative abilities about media. Media education is used effectively in alcohol and tobacco prevention to educate journalists,.
providing an opportunity for journalists to critically analyze media messages created by them and leading to media literacy among journalists and the general public . Smoking causes Sexual Impotence
Media campaigns were conducted island wide so as to make general people aware of the pictorial warning requirement of packs and cartons of tobacco products and supported actions by other civil groups in this regard as well
Media literacy and advocacy intervention
Media literacy and advocacy intervention are considered as an important component consisted of competences that enable people to critically
Media literacy explores
Media literacy- training of trainers
Field level Activities
Media education is used effectively in alcohol and tobacco prevention to educate journalists, providing an opportunity for journalists to critically analyze media messages created by them and leading to media literacy among journalists and the general public .<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>IBM and Mars Launch Pioneering Effort to Drive Advances in Global Food Safety
News Feb 06, 2015
Scientists from IBM Research and Mars, Incorporated have established the Consortium for Sequencing the Food Supply Chain, a collaborative food safety platform that will leverage advances in genomics to further our understanding of what makes food safe a collaborative food safety platform that will leverage advances in genomics to further our understanding of what makes food safe.
Protecting the global food supply is a monumental public health challenge. In the U.S. alone, one in six people are affected by food-borne diseases each year, resulting in 128,000 hospitalizations, 3,000 deaths, and $9 billion in medical costs. Another $75 billion worth of contaminated food is recalled and discarded annually.
As the food supply chain becomes more global and complex, new, innovative approaches that use genetic data to better understand and improve food safety are emerging, holding the promise of unparalleled insight and understanding of the total supply chain. In support of this goal, the consortium will conduct the largest-ever metagenomics study to categorize and understand micro-organisms and the factors that influence their activity in a normal, safe factory environment. This work could be extended into the larger context of the food supply chain -- from farm to fork -- and lead to new insights into how microorganisms interact within a factory ecology and be better controlled by new data and science-driven practices.
As a first step, the consortium’s scientists will investigate the genetic fingerprints of living organisms such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses and how they grow in different environments, including countertops, factories, and raw materials. This data will be used to further investigate how bacteria interact, which could result in completely new ways to view supply chain food safety management.
“The Consortium for Sequencing the Food Supply Chain has the potential to revolutionize food safety, providing a powerful tool to identify and address new threats on an unprecedented scale, enabling critical breakthroughs in global food safety,” said Dave Crean, Vice President, Corporate Research and Development, Mars, Incorporated. “We are excited to be working with IBM Research on this, and look forward to welcoming additional partners in the future to help drive global innovation in genomics, food, and agriculture.”
While many food companies such as Mars already have rigorous processes in place to ensure food safety risks are managed appropriately, this pioneering application of genomics will enable an in-depth understanding and categorization of micro-organisms on a much bigger scale than has previously been possible.
“Genome sequencing serves as a new kind of microscope – one that uses data to peer deeply into our natural environment to uncover insights that were previously unknowable,” said Jeff Welser, Vice President and Lab Director, IBM Research - Almaden. “By mining insights from genomic data, we’re seeking to understand how to identify, interpret and ultimately create healthy and protective microbial management systems within the food supply chain.”
The consortium’s research will initially focus on select raw materials and factory environments but will ultimately extend up and down the entire food supply chain and include applications for farmers.
Understanding soil microorganisms, for example, will be crucial to helping farmers learn how to protect their plants from pathogens while ensuring healthy growth and nutrient uptake.
The first data samples will be gathered at Mars-owned production facilities, while IBM’s genomics, healthcare and analytics experts will utilize IBM’s Accelerated Discovery THINKLab, a unique collaborative research environment, for the large-scale computational and data requirements of this initiative. Beyond the research, data and findings will be presented in a systematic way to enable affordable and widespread use of these testing techniques.
As the food supply chain becomes more global and complex, better approaches to ensuring safe food are needed, this consortium aims to take food safety to a new level through unparalleled insight and understanding of the total supply chain.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Rustici al pesto: le chioccioline
Versate la farina in una scodella, fate una fontanella e sbriciolatevi il lievito.
Aggiungete lo zucchero e riempite la fontanella con 100 ml d'acqua calda.
Fate lievitare per circa 15 minuti.
Dopodichè aggiungete la panna e il sale ed impastate bene il tutto.
Fate lievitare in un luogo caldo e senza correnti d'aria per circa 45 minuti.
Riscaldate il forno a 170° C calore statico sopra e sotto.
Per il ripieno mescolate il pesto con il formaggio fresco e il succo di limone.
Lavorate nuovamente l'impasto, allargatelo sul piano di lavoro infarinato formando un rettangolo di 25x35 cm.
Spalmatevi sopra la crema con il pesto, poi arrotolatelo dalla parte lunga e tagliatelo a fettine (1,5 cm di spessore).
Disponete le chioccioline su una teglia da forno ricoperta con carta da forno.
Mescolate il tuorlo con la panna e spennellatelo sulle chioccioline.
Fate indorare i rustici nel forno caldo per circa 20 minuti.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Zaman hızla geçti ve minik yavrunuz anaokuluna başlama yaşına geldi. 5 yaşındaki çocuğunuz; makasla kesme, kalem tutma gibi yeni beceriler edinerek sizi şaşırtırken bir yandan da yeni arkadaşlarıyla yaşadığı maceraları anlatarak gününüze renk katacak.
Her gelişim dönemi gibi 5 yaşın da ne kadar mucizevi olduğuna tanıklık ederken aklınıza ¨5 yaşındaki çocuk ne yapar?¨ ya da ¨5 yaş çocuğu nasıl eğitilir?¨ gibi sorular gelebilir. Sizin için derlediğimiz 5 yaş dönemi çocuk gelişimi hakkındaki bilgileri okuyarak aklınızdaki soruların cevaplarına ulaşabilir ve çocuğunuza destek olabilirsiniz.
1. Beş Yaşındaki Çocuğun Kilosu ve Boyu Kaç Olmalı?
Boyu ve kilosu, çocuğunuzun sağlıklı bir gelişim süreci takip edip etmediğinin en önemli göstergelerindendir. Beş yaşındaki çocuklar yılda ortalama 1.8 ila 2.25 kilo alabilir, 5 ila 7.5 santimetre uzayabilir. Tabii erkek ve kız çocukların boy-kilo ortalamaları birbirinden farklıdır:
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5 yaşındaki kız çocukların boyları ortalama 109.4 cm, kiloları ise ortalama 18.2’dir.
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5 yaşındaki erkek çocukların boyları ortalama 110.0 cm, kiloları ise ortalama 18.3’tür.
Çocuğunuzun gelişiminin, yaşına uygun seyredip seyretmediğini takip etmek için düzenli olarak persentil değerlerini kontrol etmenizde fayda vardır. Persentil değeri hesaplamak için ¨Büyüme Takip Aracı¨ sayfamızı ziyaret edebilirsiniz.
2. Beş Yaşındaki Çocuklarda Motor Beceriler Nelerdir?
Motor beceriler, kasların istemli şekilde bir hareketi yapmasını sağlar. İkiye ayrılırlar: İnce motor beceriler, makas kullanmak gibi kasların daha kontrollü hareketini gerektiren becerilerdir. Kaba motor beceriler ise zıplama, koşma gibi vücudun daha büyük kaslarını kullanmayı ve daha geniş hareketler yapmayı içerir.
Beş yaşındaki çocuklarda görülebilen motor gelişim aşamaları şunlardır:
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İki ayakla zıplayıp ileri doğru atlamak
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Dengeyi yitirmeden 10 saniye boyunca tek ayak üzerinde durmak
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Sallanmak
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Takla atmak
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Tırmanmak
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Geometrik şekilleri çizmek
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Çatal ve bıçakla yemek
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Kendi başına giyinmek
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Birkaç harfi yazmak
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Basit şekilleri kesmek
Çocuğunuzun daha özgür hareket etmesini sağlayan motor becerilerinin gelişimi için onunla oyun hamuru oynayabilir, sizin kontrolünüzde makas kullanmasına izin verebilir veya onunla birlikte küçük boyutlu bloklarla basit şekiller yapabilirsiniz.
3. Beş Yaşındaki Çocuk Nasıl Beslenmeli?
Okul çağındaki çocuğunuzun, sağlıklı gelişimi için beş temel besin grubunu düzenli olarak tüketmesi gerekir: Protein, vitaminler, mineraller, tahıllar ve karbonhidratlar. Her öğüne birkaç besin grubundan eklemeye dikkat ederek dengeli ve sağlıklı beslenmesine yardımcı olabilirsiniz. Ayrıca çocuğunuzun doymuş yağ, tuz ve şeker bakımından yüksek gıdalar tüketmemesine de özen gösterebilirsiniz.
Çocuğunuz beslenme güçlüğüne bağlı olarak yeterli gıda alamıyorsa doktorunuza danışabilirsiniz. Yetersiz beslenme kaynaklı büyüme geriliği tanısı konulduğu takdirde doktorunuz beslenme tedavisi önerebilir. Doktorunuzun önerisiyle verebileceğiniz uzman beslenme ürünleri de çocuğunuzun yaşıtlarını yakalamasına yardımcı olabilir.
4. Beş Yaş Dil Gelişimi Hangi Seviyededir?
Konuşmayı seven ve kendisini artık çok daha rahat ifade edebilen 5 yaşındaki çocuğunuz her gün 5-10 kelime öğrenebilir. Odada yalnızken bile konuştuğunu görebileceğiniz çocuğunuzun anaokulundaki favori dersi de “Göster - Anlat” olabilir. Zaman içinde şakaları ve bilmeceleri anlamaya, kendi şakalarını yapmaya başlayabilir.
Beş yaşındaki çocuğunuzun gelişimine destek vermek için günlük hayatınıza bazı alışkanlıklar ekleyebilirsiniz. Örneğin çocuğunuzun adil olmak ve iş birliği yapmak gibi kavramları öğrenmesi için onunla oyunlar oynayın, masa kurmaya yardım etme gibi yaşına uygun görevler vererek sorumluluk almasını sağlayın ya da duygularını ifade etmesine yardımcı olacak şekilde rol oyunları oynayın.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Great Lakes Citizens Rally for Clean Energy for Wildlife, Not Risky Tar Sands
On June 6, thousands will gather in the Twins Cities to express concern over expanded tar sands transportation through the Great Lakes region. Too much toxic and nearly impossible to clean up tar sands oil is already entering our region. The area has seen ill effects like the massive 2010 spill into the Kalamazoo River and piles of dirty, polluting coal-like petroleum coke piling up near refineries.
With the U.S. State Department giving backroom approval for a near doubling of the amount of tar sands entering the region primarily along the Alberta Clipper line, it’s time for a clean energy future. People are demanding that no new tar sands enter the region until a transparent, public review process takes place, and cleaner solutions are considered and advanced.
Not Your Granddaddy’s Oil
Tar sands oil is not like regular oil. It’s a heavy, thick substance that has to be mined by clearing forests, draining wetlands, and stripping away earth in the productive evergreen forests of Canada.
Almost 200 species of internationally protected migratory birds use the tar sands area of Alberta for seasonal habitat and breeding, including the endangered whooping crane and popular game birds like wood ducks and teal. In addition to direct habitat destruction and fragmentation, toxic tailings ponds needed to contain the waste pose an immense hazard for birds and other wildlife, with one incident resulting in about 1,600 duck fatalities.Since it’s so thick, tar sands oil cannot be transported via pipe unless it’s diluted with a toxic gas condensate. Even then, it must be transported at high pressure, which causes the substance to heat up. There is some indication this heating process and the uneven pressure of the tar sands mixture places undue stress on pipes.
Too Risky for Wildlife
When the substance spills, it has disastrous consequences for wildlife and habitat. The diluent gases off into the air, producing a toxic cloud of benzene and other chemicals. The sticky tar sands sinks to the bottom of wetlands, rivers, streams and other water bodies, attaching itself to the bottom.The tragic consequences were seen in my home state of Michigan in July, 2010 when an Enbridge line carrying tar sands oil ruptured. It spilled almost a million gallons of tar sands oil into the Kalamazoo River and surrounding area. The spill killed or injured thousands of birds, mammals, turtles, and other wildlife. Almost 65% percent of small mammals impacted by the spill died. Forty miles of the river was sullied. Today, portions of the river are still polluted by the spill, despite multiple dredging attempts and over $1.2 billion in clean-up efforts. In 2013, a smaller tar sands spill in Arkansas has left a residential neighborhood uninhabitable. The Alberta Clipper line crosses or runs near countless Minnesota lakes, ponds, wetlands and streams. It terminates in Superior, Wisconsin, after it crosses tributaries of Lake Superior. From there, the tar sands oil makes its way onto a web of pipelines that flow through the Great Lakes region and beyond. More tar sands oil means a higher risk of a tar sands oil spill, with likely permanent impacts for the wildlife and habitat in the affected area.
Tar sands oil also produces much more carbon pollution than regular oil, and more tar sands oil is used as the pipelines’ capacity increases. This fuels the climate change that is likely leading dramatic declines in moose populations in Minnesota and other northern states, as well as fueling toxic algae blooms that are increasingly threatening water quality, wildlife, and recreation in the Great Lakes.
Time for
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score fluctuates depending on the product application. Also, different brands of agave contain different amounts of fructose vs glucose. It is generally seen as being about 1.3 times as sweet as sugar.
Cons: It is lower on the GI index than sugar, but higher in calories and otherwise has no nutritional value.
Formulation tip: Great browning properties. A high freezing-point depression, which lowers the temperature at which something freezes, makes it excellent for ice cream.
Products served: Agave can be used in beverages as a straight-up sweetener. In all other applications, agave has other properties, from also being a humectant in bars to being a browning sugar in confectionery, baked goods and sauces.
Bonus: The fermented juice of the blue agave plant is used to create tequila.
What it is: Derived from sprouted brown rice fermented with enzymes to disintegrate the starch content, the syrup has a honeylike consistency and a mild flavour.
Pros: Mostly a complex carbohydrate, brown-rice syrup breaks down slower in the body than sugar and thus provides a steadier supply of energy. It also has fewer calories than sugar. "It's only 20 per cent as sweet as sugar, but it does have a better effect on your body," says Mona Morstein, ND, chairwoman of nutrition at Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine in Tempe, Arizona. "It has a nice mellow, almost vanilla flavour."
Cons: It is only slightly lower than sugar on the glycaemic index.
Formulation tip: It can be used like honey, molasses and other liquid sweeteners. In processed foods, brown-rice syrup gives a nice browning effect as well as superior binding capabilities, which can be useful in bars. It also contains added nutritional benefits from the rice, including protein and B vitamins. Depending on the enzymes used in the fermentation process, the brown-rice syrup can be made to be gluten free.
Products served: Cereals and bars. It can also be offered as a powder, which expands its potential applications.
1. Mennella JA, et al. Genetic and environmental determinants of bitter perception and sweet preferences. Pediatrics 2005 Feb;115(2):e216-22.
2. El-Sohemy A, et al. Nutrigenomics of taste - impact on food preferences and food production. Forum Nutr 2007;60:176-82.
3. Hayes JE, Duffy VB. Oral sensory phenotype identifies level of sugar and fat required for maximal liking. Physiol Behav 2008 Sep 3;95(1-2):77-87.
4. Palacios C, et al. Nutrition and health: guidelines for dental practitioners. Oral Dis 2009 Sep;15(6):369-81.
5. Browning L. "Makers of Artificial Sweeteners Go to Court," New York Times Business section, April 6, 2007.
6. Planas GM, Kucacute J. Contraceptive properties of Stevia rebaudiana. Science 1968 Nov 29;162(3857):1007.
7. Yodyingyuad V, Bunyawong S. Effect of stevioside on growth and reproduction. Hum Reprod. 1991 Jan;6(1):158-65.
8. Hsieh MH, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of oral stevioside in patients with mild essential hypertension: a two-year, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Clin Ther. 2003 Nov;25(11):2797-808.
9. Gregersen S, et al. Antihyperglycemic effects of stevioside in type 2 diabetic subjects. Metabolism. 2004 Jan;53(1):73-6.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Mitsubishi firması, güneş enerjisini kablosuz olarak uzaydan dünyamıza aktarmayı başardı. Japonya’nın ABD ve Suudi Arabistan gibi büyük enerji kaynaklarına sahip olmaması ve güneş enerjisi panellerini koyacak çok fazla toprağının bulunmaması, uzaydan alacağı güneş enerjisi çalışmalarına daha fazla yoğunlaşmaları yol açtı. Mitsubishi 10 kilowatsaatlik bir enerjiyi 1640 feet yükseklikten aktarmayı başardığını açıkladı. Bu miktardaki bir enerji, mutfak fırınının 1 saatten fazla kullanımına karşılık geliyor. Japonya Uzay Araştırmaları Ajansı da 1.8 kilowatlık enerjiyi kablosuz olarak aktardığını geçtiğimiz günlerde açıklamıştı. Kablosuz enerji aktarımı konusunda yapılan çalışmalar, 2011 yılındaki Fukisima nükleer santralindeki kazadan sonra hız kazandı. Uzaydan güneş enerjisinin aktarımının en büyük avantajı, hem gündüz hem de gece ve hava şartları ne olursa olsun enerji aktarımının kesintiye uğramaması. Bu teknolojinin ticari olarak kullanımının 2040 yılını bulabileceği düşünülüyor.
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Edebiyat dünyasının en saygın ödüllerinden biri kabul edilen Man Booker Uluslararası Ödülü'nü kazanan Güney Koreli yazar Han Kang'ın "The Vegetarian (Vejetaryen)" adlı romanı, şimdi...<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>- Policy Issues
- For the Media
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- Know Nuclear
Any human endeavor produces waste, whether you cook a meal, drive a car, or wash your clothes. Any form of energy production creates waste too, whether we use coal, solar, wind, gas or nuclear energy. Waste is simply part of living, and the only way to deal with it, is to find solutions for the challenge.
In the nuclear science and technology industry, waste comes from different activities. It arises from the use of radioisotopes in medicine, in research, and in agriculture; it arises as a byproduct of the generation of electricity through nuclear fuels, from the use of sources in manufacturing processes and more.
DID YOU KNOW?
Making electricity in a nuclear power plant produces a small amount of high-level radioactive wastes. A lifetime supply of electricity for one person produces only a soda can size amount of such nuclear wastes.
Contrary to what some antinuclear activists would like you to believe, the nuclear industry has found a solution for its waste challenges. Radioactive wastes must be managed and disposed of properly. Federal agencies and some states control the risks that come with radioactive waste by setting limits and regulations that disposal facilities must follow. EPA is responsible for setting environmental standards that are used by other federal and state agencies in regulations for the disposal of radioactive waste.
In the U.S., radioactive waste is divided into three main types, classified according to their activity, their heat generation potential, and what they physically contain. These three main levels are low level waste (LLW), transuranic waste (TRU), and high level waste (HLW). For each of these types of waste, there is a specific disposal solution — above ground storage or shallow burial for low level waste and deep repository storage for transuranic and high level wastes.
In most other countries, nuclear waste is categorized as low level waste, intermediate level waste, and high level waste. The reason for this different classification system is that in the U.S. waste is classified based on where it comes from; in most other countries, waste is classified according to what the effects of the waste might be. In both classifications, low level waste represents about 90% of all radioactive waste.
Center for Nuclear Science and Technology Information of the American Nuclear Society
© Copyright 2014<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>7月20日消息，全球首富杰夫·贝索斯创立的蓝色起源在北京时间周二(7月20日)21:10分左右执行“新谢泼德”(New Shepard)飞行器的第16次发射。这是首次载人飞行任务，旅行成员包含4人，杰夫·贝索斯本人、他的弟弟马克·贝索斯(Mark Bezos)、82岁的女飞行员沃利·芬克(Wally Funk)和荷兰18岁少年奥利弗·达曼(Oliver Daeman)。“新谢泼德”号由一个助推火箭和一个太空舱组成，点火升空后，“新谢泼德”号将太空舱送到预定高度，然后助推火箭与太空舱分离，助推火箭缓慢降落到设计好的着陆点。此后，太空舱在太空持续飞行几分钟后就自行释放出3个降落伞，最终在重力作用下平稳落地。
整个太空之旅从起飞到顺利着陆全程大约持续10分钟。据悉，此次新谢泼德”飞行器载人升空高度超过100千米，超过了被国际航空联合会所接受的卡门线（海报100千米处），即现行大气层和太空的界线。但美国国家航空航天局（NASA）认为这一界线是在海拔80公里处。此前美国时间7月11日8时40分左右，英国维珍集团创始人、亿万富翁理查德布兰森与其5名雇员一同乘坐维珍“团结”号太空船机，从美国新墨西哥州出发前往“太空边缘”，达到的最高点仅为86千米，大约一个小时后，布兰森一行人返回。虽然“亿万富翁首飞”被布兰森“截胡”，但蓝色起源反复强调了“卡门线”这一重点，言外之意即认为布兰森升空高度不及100千米，尚未真正进入太空，所以杰夫·贝索斯才应该是实至名归的“首位进入太空的亿万富翁”。不过，贝索斯升空的前几天，马斯克在社交媒体调侃称，“贝索斯也就是到太空边缘看两眼，而不是进入轨道“。马斯克旗下的SpaceX计划在今年9月执行一项难度系数更高的任务，将派遣机组人员乘坐“Crew Dragon”太空舱进行为期数天的轨道飞行。尽管布兰森和贝索斯的飞行时间都不长，但这或许标志着亚轨道太空旅行新时代的到来。亚轨道太空旅游意味着乘客能够真正进入外太空，脱离地球引力并体验失重感。此前，维珍银河公司计划在2022年初正式开始商业太空旅行业务，据称已将600张“船票”卖给60个不同国家的顾客，售价从20万至25万美元不等。不过贝索斯旗下蓝色起源的太空旅行船票售价目前尚未公布。据说，这次升空的船票是拍卖形式售出。近25万美元，体验10分钟太空之旅。不管如何，亿万富翁们喜欢就好。
—【 THE END 】—
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受美国总统特朗普驱逐近千万移民政策的影响...
主要功能：并参加电视节目等
软件名称：...
在悠扬的风笛声中
1c及1d会因为太热而可能只有小部分表面存有水分
这项工作很简单报道称
全美上千家疗养院都存在护工侵犯老人的投诉
最近中国再次要求互联网网站不要再更新韩流相关视频报道称
由于克里米亚问题
;由于青瓦台方面未予配合”“
共有12人在事件中受伤另有巴西媒体称<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The Supreme Court decision in Saia v. New York, 334 U.S. 558 (1948), limited the discretion that a public official could exercise in regulating sound trucks on public property. Saia v. New York is important because it places limits on government officials’ regulations on speech even when the government appears to be furthering an ostensibly legitimate purpose.
The chief of police of Lockport, New York, vested by ordinance with the power to issue licenses, had denied Saia, a Jehovah’s Witness, renewal of a permit to use sound amplification devices at a public park, after park patrons complained about their use on earlier occasions.
Justice William O. Douglas wrote an opinion for five members of the Court. He argued that the regulation at issue imposed “a previous restraint on the right of free speech.” The statute was not “narrowly drawn” so as to prescribe appropriate standards limited to hours, places of use, or volume. The ordinance vested the chief with “uncontrolled discretion,” whereas freedom of speech should be given the same “preferred treatment” that the Court had given to freedom of religion, of the press, and of speech and assembly in other cases. By vesting the chief with the power to stop sounds that were annoying, it also granted him power to stop annoying ideas. It elevated him to the role of a censor.
In dissent, Justice Felix Frankfurter, joined by Justices Stanley F. Reed and Harold H. Burton, viewed the ordinance as a proper means of avoiding “aural aggression” that intruded into “cherished privacy” of “unwilling” listeners. Frankfurter saw no evidence that the police chief had acted arbitrarily. In a separate dissent, Justice Robert H. Jackson argued that if a city could, as the majority had indicated, control the level of decibels, it could prescribe them altogether. Citing McCollum v. Board of Education (1948), Jackson further denied that the fact that Saia was engaged in religious teaching gave him the right to appropriate public property for this use. Jackson believed that the Court was improperly acting like “a council of revision” by intruding into decisions that should be left to local communities.
In Kovacs v. Cooper (1949) the Supreme Court reiterated the right of towns to make reasonable time, place, and manner restrictions in regard to sound trucks in public streets.Send Feedback on this article<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>BBC'nin iddiasına göre; gündeme gelen son yolsuzluk iddiaları nedeniyle FIFA'nın bazı üst düzey yöneticileri Blatter'e ilerleyen dönemde destek vermeyi düşünmüyor.
FIFA'da kriz büyüyor. Bir süredir 2018 ve 2022 dünya kupalarının ev sahipliği hakkının rüşvetle Rusya ve Katar'a verdiği iddialarıyla boğuşan FIFA, başkanlık seçimi öncesi yeni bir krizin eşiğine geldi.
İngiliz Yayın Kurumu BBC'nin kulislere dayandırdığı habere göre; FIFA'nın bazı üst düzey yöneticileri başkanlık için yeniden aday olacağını açıklayan Sepp Blatter yerine başka isimlere destek vermeyi planlıyor. Geçtiğimiz ay 6 konfederasyonun 5'inin desteğini aldığını belirten Blatter, 4 dönem yaptığı başkanlık koltuğunu bir dönem daha sürdürmek istiyor. 1998'den bu yana FIFA'da başkanlık görevini yürüten Blatter'e rakip olarak FIFA'nın eski yöneticilerinden Jerome Champagne adaylığını açıklamıştı.
Champagne ile birlikte Concacaf Başkanı Jeffrey Webb'in de son dönemde FIFA ile gündeme gelen ilgili yolsuzluk iddiaları nedeniyle adaylığını açıklayabileceği belirtiliyor.
FIFA başkanlığı için adaylık süreci 1 Şubat'ta sona eriyor, seçim ise 29 Mayıs tarihinde yapılacak.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Cos'è l'adware AnalyserKey?
AnalyserKey è un software supportato dalla pubblicità - genera annunci pubblicitari. Ha anche le qualità di browser hijacker - cambia le impostazioni di un browser web per promuovere un motore di ricerca falso. È probabile che AnalyserKey raccolga anche varie informazioni. In genere, gli utenti installano app di tipo adware involontariamente perché vengono distribuite utilizzando metodi discutibili.
L'adware analyserKey in dettaglio
Abbastanza spesso, gli annunci pubblicitari generati da applicazioni come AnalyserKey vengono utilizzati per promuovere siti Web discutibili, ad esempio siti Web di download per applicazioni potenzialmente indesiderate, pagine progettate per estrarre informazioni personali. Inoltre, tali annunci possono essere progettati per causare download o installazioni imprevisti.
Un paio di esempi di siti Web che potrebbero essere aperti da annunci generati da un'applicazione come AnalyserKey "MALWARE DETECTED Action Required", "Receive iPhone 12", e "Apple Platform Security". In un modo o nell'altro, quegli annunci non dovrebbero essere cliccati. In genere, app come AnalyserKey generano banner, coupon, pop-up, sondaggi.
Inoltre, questa applicazione modifica le impostazioni del browser Web come l'indirizzo di un motore di ricerca predefinito, la home page e la nuova scheda con l'indirizzo di un motore di ricerca falso: dirotta un browser. Il problema con i motori di ricerca falsi è che potrebbero generare risultati fuorvianti (mostrare collegamenti a pagine potenzialmente dannose nei loro risultati).
In genere, gli utenti non possono rimuovere un motore di ricerca falso (il suo indirizzo) dalle impostazioni a meno che non disinstallino un browser hijacker. Un altro motivo per non tenere installata un'app come AnalyserKey è che potrebbe essere progettata per raccogliere varie informazioni (indirizzi IP, query di ricerca immesse, siti Web visitati e così via).
In alcuni casi, le app di tipo adware (sim
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İlk transistörlerden yeterli verimi almak başlangıçta oldukça güçtü ve pek çok kimse bu kadar küçük bir aygıtın termiyon tüplerinin yerini alabileceğine ihtimal vermiyordu. Ancak bu üçlü ekip, sonraki dört yıl içinde büyük bir gelişmeler zinciri gerçekleştirecek ve daha sonra, 1957′de yılda 30 milyon transistörlük bir üretim düzeyine ulaşılacaktı. Transistörün bulunuşu elektronik alanında pek çok yeni uygulamanın başlangıcı oldu. Önceleri transistor yapımında kullanılan germanyum metalinin yerini, yüksek ısılarda dahi niteliğini ve çalışabilirlik güvenliğini koruyan kristal silikon alıyordu. Sinyalleri güçlendirici olarak kullanıldığı gibi akımın geçmesini ya da kesilmesini sağlayan bir ayar düğmesi de olabilen transistor, bu özelliğiyle saniyenin milyonda birinden daha kısa sürelerle akımın geçmesini ve kesilmesini düzenleyerek, günümüz bilgisayarlarının vazgeçilmez bir parçası olacaktı. Cepte taşınabilecek boyutlardaki hesap makinelerinin, dijital saatlerin yapımını olanaklı kılan bu aygıt olmasaydı uydu haberleşmesi, uzay araçları hele Ay’da bir insan düşünülemezdi bile. XX. yüzyılın ortalarında elde edilen bu başarı, elektronik alanda açtığı çığırın en yararlı sonuçlarını sosyal alanda vermeye başladı. Elektronik araçların maliyetleri önemli ölçüde azaldı ve çok daha geniş kitlelerin yararlanmasına sunulabildi. Küçük transistörlü radyolar, dünyanın en uzak köşelerindeki insanlara ulaşılabilmesini, hepsinden önemlisi onların eğitilebilmelerini olanakiı kıldı; eğitim görmek için okuma yazma bilmenin zorunluluğu bir anlamda ortadan kalkıyordu. Transistörün en ilginç yararlarından biri de ağır işitenlere yöneliktir. Eskiden, sesi daha geniş bir alandan toplayarak zara ulaşmasını sağlayan kulak borularının yerini termiyon tüplerinin geliştirilmesiyle elektronik kulaklıklar almıştı. Transistörün bulunuşuyla kulağın hemen arkasında taşınabilen hatta bir gözlük sapına yerleştirilebilen mini kulaklıklar yapılarak işitme sorunlarının çözümü büyük ölçüde kolaylaştı.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>with each natural toner generation apart from the basic frequency still another multiplicity of higher tones is produced. These hot overtones, Partialtöne, partial tones, or harmonious ones. The consequence of these tones is called overtone row, nature clay/tone row or partial clay/tone row. ThoseWhole of basic clay/tone and overtones results in the frequency spectrum of a clay/tone.
Table of contents
basic clay/tone, partial tones, overtones
all partial tones are present in the form of sinus oscillations. The deepest partial clay/tone is called also „basic clay/tone “, it specifies the basic frequency and determinedthe felt pitch. All further partial tones are together seized under the term „overtones “. The frequencies of the overtones are mostly integral multiple of the frequency of the basic clay/tone. The term „overtones “does not include thus the basic frequency also; The 1. Overtone is thereforethe 2. Partial clay/tone/the 2.Harmonious one.
With the help of the Fourieranalyse a clay/tone can be divided into its Teilschwingungen.
the musical interval of one Oktave corresponds to a doubling of the frequency. Thus the following harmonious ones lie in each case in the Oktav distance to each other: 1. , 2. , 4. , 8. , 16. , etc.
Example: Basic clay/tone of 440 cycles per second
|440 cycles per second||basic clay/tone, 1. Partial clay/tone|
|880 cycles per second||of 1. Overtone, 2. Partial clay/tone|
|1320 cycles per second||of 2.Overtone, 3. Partial clay/tone|
|1760 cycles per second||of 3. Overtone, 4. Partial clay/tone|
Frequency conditions of the partial tones can be expressed approach in musical intervals:
|2||Oktave over it (2. Oktavraum begins)|
|3||Quinte over it|
|4||Quarte over it (3. Oktavraum begins)|
|5||large ones Third over it|
|6||small third over it|
This list applies however only with pure tendency exactly. With equivalent tendency only tones in the Oktav distance possess an integral frequency relationship to each other, D. h. Quinten, Quarten and thirds in higher Oktavräumen meet the harmonious ones no longer exactly.
musical intervals or chords from two arbitrary tones rings out all the more consonant (thus more harmoniously and probably), the more overtones it together possesses and/or. closely neighbouring are. As experimental confirmation Pythagoras already used the Monochord.
the human hearing center is able to notice to (also only partly) a ringing out overtone spectrum the basic frequency even if this does not ring out. These „added “basic clay/tone calls one also Residualton.
This technologyone uses, in order to simulate on loudspeaker systems basses, which it could not show purely technically at all. Thus one recognizes the played pitch of a retort bass in the portable receiver, although the frequency cannot be shown by the small loudspeakers. Also withTelephone develops this effect: The basic clay/tone of the human voice is not transferred over the telephone, the frequency range of the telephone is too narrow, the being correct transmission begins only up. But the brain notices the basic clay/tone.
This phenomenon becomes also traditional in Building of organs used: With simultaneous employment of the 8-Fuss and 5 the 1/3 - foot, which lies a Quinte over it, one hears the 16-Fuss, thus a Oktave under the 8-Fuss.
Background is that the hearing not only the overtone spectrum, but alsothe period of the acoustic Zeitsignals evaluates. With a harmonious overtone spectrum however the period of the Zeitsignals remains, even if the basic clay/tone is removed.
overtones and tone quality
of overtones of the human voice
the different sound of Vocal ones comes by their specific structure of overtone to conditions. Differently strongly represented overtones are also a reason, why the voices of different humans have different tone qualities. By the individual size and form from mouth and throat some become in this resonance area, Other one strengthens frequencies decreased. One calls the frequency ranges, which are strengthened by appropriate resonances, also Formanten.
In the human voice , exactly as also in most sound-producing physical systems, natural a complex overtone spectrum swings. In the special singing technology of the Overtone singing can bring one these high frequencies to dominating.
overtones of different instruments
The specific sound of an instrument results from the following parameters:
- Which partial tones are at allavailable? - (1. , 2. , 3. , 5. , 9. , etc.)
- How loud are these partial tones in the relationship to each other? - First does not have to be the loudest.
- How does the volume of the individual partial tones change, while the clay/tone rings out (fine modulation)?
- WhichBackground noises come in addition (notice noises, blowing noises etc.)?
With instruments with harmonious overtone rows are the frequencies of the overtonesintegral multiple of the frequency of the basic clay/tone. To it those belong to choir doping hone (stringed instruments) and the Aerophone with swinging air column. In this case one calls the overtones also harmonious ones. That is naturally also only an idealized acceptance. The straight very small deviationsby the ideal harmonious ones make unmistakable and alive the sound of an individual instrument.
With instruments with not-harmonious overtone rows the frequencies of the partial tones do not stand to each other in complicated integral conditions. The overtones of the Membranophone with round diaphragm have the natural frequencies of one Bessel's differential equation. In the case of Idiophonen completely different overtone rows can result depending upon the form of the ochestra - with the staff plays about there is the natural frequencies of the bending vibration of a bar.
Higher overtones usually are with natural tonesmore quietly (more level-weakly) than deeper, since for their faster oscillation is lost to more energy.
Generally tones sound the „more sharply “, the more overtones them have. Pure tones without overtones cannot in nature (acoustic), but produces only electronically as sinus oscillationsbecome. They sound extremely dull. An example is the 1000-Hertz-Ton of the television test pattern, whereby the loudspeaker adds however already again its own, however small, overtone spectrum.
The following instrumentshave a particularly characteristic structure of partial clay/tone:
- Caper instruments possess a very rich partial clay/tone spectrum. Nearly all partial tones are contained.
- Clarinets stress the volume of the odd partial tones.
- With the bassoon the basic clay/tone is very much weaker than the first harmonious ones.
- Bells often stress thoseThirds very strongly and contain also non-harmonious overtones.
- Tuning forks produce nearly only the basic clay/tone, therefore their sound that is very similar a pure sinusoidal curve.
one can make
overtones clearly audible for audibility of overtones also within the instrumentalen range.Typical instruments for this are z. B. the Didgeridoo or sound bowls. On the piano one can make overtones audible, by depressing the keys of a chord from the overtone row gently, without the hammers affect the string, and then that Basic clay/tone within the bass range fastens briefly and strongly. The overtones produce now a resonance depressed on the undamped strings of the keys held, which one can hear clearly. This is used also by composers in its works (z. B. Béla Bartók: Mikrokosmos, volume IV). With stringed instruments tones in the pitch of overtones can be produced by Flageolett Spielweise (see Flageolettton). To pressure at it the string with the grab hand only easily affected instead of it on the Griffbrett.
Usuallyovertones are noticed not individually, but they result in the sound of a clay/tone. In addition, there are humans, who can notice overtones clearly under certain conditions also without any assistance. This applies particularly with very stable tones like it for examplelong continuing tones of organ pipes.
theoretical is downward supplemented the overtone row by the Untertonreihe symmetrical to it, which results from frequency slicing. In nature there is not such Untertonreihe. Became practicalit so far only with the Trautonium, with the Subharchord and with the Untertongesang converted.
building of organs
The overtone row is particularly important also in the building of organs. By different organ registers, which produce individual in each case overtones, tone qualities can be produced practically syntetisch.
- to Fourieranalyse
- vowel triangle, vowel trapezoid
- difference tone
- building of organs
- tendency (music)
Web on the left of
- the Partialschwingungen a drum in animated graphics
- harmonious ones, Partialtöne, partial tones and overtones
- the partial clay/tone density and the partial clay/tone row
- John R. Pierce, sound. Music with the ears of physics, spectrum, ISBN 3-8274-0544-0<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>How the Fear of Terrorism Drives Corporate and National Culture
The threat of terrorism is shaping the cultural response to security in nations around the world – how is it affecting your enterprise?
Behavioral scientists have been studying the psychological effects of terrorism intensely since the attacks of September 11, 2001, and good data is emerging as to the immediate and longer-term effects of terrorism. However, in many of these cases, psychological impact is measured following a discrete attack or event, which is then thought to elicit a specific type of reaction (e.g., anxiety or fear). While this body of research provides a framework for beginning to understand the impact of discrete terrorist attacks, questions remain as to the psychological impact of ongoing threat. Following on this, and given how terrorism has altered the political and social landscape in the United States and globally, some have also begun to question how psychological reactions (such as fear and anger) impact political process, and whether such reactions can be manipulated for political purpose.
The fact is that fear, or the anticipation of future terrorism, is a primary psychological weapon underlying acts of terrorism. This anticipatory fear, or worry, can itself have serious effects on a variety of domains including political beliefs and support for certain governmental policies, making decisions about where to live and work, whether to travel into certain environments for any reason and how people generally engage in activities of daily living. However, there is also considerable heterogeneity in people’s emotional responses to terrorism and terrorism threats. Understanding the impact of these emotional processes on individuals and societies can be crucially important in evaluating terrorism threats and determine who warnings should be constructed and disseminated.
We recently explored the psychological effects of terrorism and ongoing threat, as well as the impact these dynamics have on political process in two recently published volumes. The Psychology of Terrorism Fears(Oxford University Press, 2012) seeks to complement existing research focusing on the psychological effects of terrorist attacks by also examining how people are affected by ongoing threat, and works to present a more integrated model for understanding how terrorism affects people. In the follow-up volume, The Political Psychology of Terrorism Fears(Oxford University Press, 2013), we, in collaboration with an international cast of scholars, focused on how terrorism fears and threat alerts can influence political engagement and trust in government policy making, as well as the government’s ability to generate public support for its policies.
How Do Threats of Terrorism Influence Individuals?
Much has been written about the psychological impact of terrorist attacks. This work has focused on the immediate increase in psychiatric symptoms and disorders and the relatively quick normalization of psychopathology in the months and years following an attack. However, these trends, in many ways, may mask the underlying sense of fear and worry that many people have about terrorism threats, or future terrorist attacks. In fact, people may continue to fear terrorism in meaningful ways long after a terrorist attack or threat has passed. This lingering fear varies across time and context, affecting people in both negative and positive ways. Although these symptoms would not necessarily reach the level of a psychiatric disorder and require treatment, they may still significantly influence daily activities such as decisions about employment, who to socialize with, use of public transportation such as buses and trains, congregating in public and crowded places and traveling on an airplane.
That, of course, does not mean that terrorism threats have the same effect on everyone. Most people arguably respond to threats of future terrorism in a rational and constructive manner. Very compelling research has also shown that whether an individual’s response is primarily fear versus anger (and it should be noted that emotional responses may fluctuate within individuals) may have a significant impact on their behavior. In the context of anger, people tend to exhibit greater levels of optimism and preference for confrontation, whereas with fear comes greater pessimism and preference for using conciliatory measures to de-escalate conflict. Moreover, research has highlighted the paradox of how terrorism fears can negatively affect some people and societies, while at the same time serving as the central force in strengthening resilience and fostering post-traumatic growth.
How Do Threats of Terrorism Influence Political Processes and Entire Societies?
The idea that exposure to terrorism threat (and the psychological reactions that ensue) affect political engagement, trust in government policy making and the government’s ability to generate public support for its policies, is not new. The evidence indicates that people place larger degrees of trust in their government’s ability to keep them safe from future violence following large-scale terrorist attacks. For example, research has noted that the public’s trust in the U.S. government increased markedly following the 9/11 attacks, but that over time these trends have declined.
Some scholars have argued that when high levels of emotionality are activated through threat alerts it impacts how people engage their respective political systems, from the politicians they elect to office to the policies they support. However, as we mentioned, not all emotions are created equal. For example, various studies have demonstrated the differential effects of fear and anger on people’s trust in their government and support for different security policies. Fear, in comparison to anger, has been associated with a greater degree of perceived risk, as well as preferences for more precautionary, conciliatory measures to reduce external threat. The feeling of anger may actually lead people to experience a greater locus of control over their environment, whereas fear is associated with less perceived control.
The emotional dynamics are complex and influenced by other factors such as political ideology. For example, research suggests that individuals identifying as Democrats may, when primed with high levels of emotion in the context of terrorism, be more skeptical towards policies aimed at improving a sense of security when Republicans are perceived as the ones making these policies. Cultural differences in support for governmental policies also emerge as a function of emotional reactions. Societies where there are high levels of baseline trust in the government may respond differently to terror threats than societies where there is a lower level of trust. The case of the Norwegian terror event of July 22, 2011 (when Anders Behring Breivik, fueled by his far-right militant ideology and Islamophobia, killed 77 people in a premeditated terror attack) is particularly interesting in this context. Researchers from Norway found that increased support for the government in the aftermath of this terror attack did not arise as a result of public fear, instead high levels of existing institutional trust may have buffered against the negative effects of fear and the elevated terror threat level. In so-called “high-trust” societies, this trust, instead of fear, may then have very different effects than what is common in “low-trust” societies, creating higher levels of national togetherness and strengthened interpersonal and institutional trust. Ongoing threats and fear also have the potential to shape culture over time, such as in the protracted conflict situations in Northern Ireland and the Israel. In these societies, fear is arguably a powerful motivating force for pursuing a perceived sense of safety and security.
A New Strategy
Using fear, and the emotions of the public, as a means of achieving some political goal is not a new strategy. During the Cold War era, for example, Sen. Joseph McCarthy used the threat of communism to inject fear into the political process, manipulating public and political views of who could be trusted and who were secret communist spies. More recently, President’s George W. Bush’s famous declaration of the War on Terrorism helped remind the public of the threat of terrorism, which was central to the success of his re-election campaign. Now, more than a decade past the 9/11 attacks, our society has changed in dramatic ways. These changes may reflect a sense of insecurity related to the potential threats we face, and have contributed to the development of a massive and integrated security infrastructure to keep us “safe” from these ambiguous threats. Some have even argued that we have become a “securitized” culture, with other national priorities taking
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’estetica rosa del sorriso di Hollywood?come si fa?
Il sorriso di Hollywood è un’estetica rosa, i due luoghi che normalmente appaiono quando ridiamo sono denti e gengive, e c’è una certa proporzione di questo.In altre parole, se la gomma è più di quanto dovrebbe apparire quando ridiamo (questa condizione è chiamata sorriso gommoso), la linea del sorriso viene interrotta.In questo caso, vengono eseguite procedure di elevazione della lunghezza del dente per aumentare l’area bianca, cioè l’altezza del dente del paziente.
Qual è l’estetica di Hollywood Smile white?come si fa?
The Hollywood Smile è un’estetica bianca, applicazioni sbiancanti con lamina di porcellana, incollaggio, zirconio e corone in porcellana e-Max applicate ai denti.La lamina di porcellana è un’applicazione estetica bianca, popolarmente conosciuta come porcellana a foglia, e questo processo viene preparato prendendo misure dopo un leggero disaccoppiamento sui denti.L’incollaggio, un’altra applicazione estetica del bianco, è ancora una volta un processo di riempimento applicato per disturbi di forma e colore.L’applicazione di zirconio e Max è stato un metodo ampiamente preferito negli ultimi tempi grazie alla sua struttura che ricorda i denti naturali nelle procedure estetiche bianche.Il processo di rottura, noto come sbiancamento dei denti, è una procedura estetica bianca eseguita per schiarire i colori dei denti ingialliti e può essere eseguita sotto forma di tre o quattro sessioni.
Che cosa è porcellana lamina dental veneer?come si fa?
L’impiallacciatura dentale in porcellana lamina è un rivestimento estetico applicato sui denti e aiuta a proteggere la bellezza e la salute dei denti, contribuendo anche a rendere i denti più durevoli.L’impiallacciatura dentale in lamina di porcellana è costituita da un sottile strato di porcellana applicato sui denti e un aspetto naturale si ottiene progettando in colori appropriati alla struttura dentale esistente della persona.Nell’applicazione di rivestimento dei denti in lamina di porcellana, i denti vengono puliti e viene applicato uno strato protettivo, creando così un colore compatibile con il colore del dente e aumentando la durata dei denti.
Quante sessioni prende il rivestimento in laminato di porcellana?
Il rivestimento dei denti in lamina di porcellana viene solitamente completato in una o due sedute; questo periodo varia in base alle esigenze della persona.
Che cosa è zirconia dentale impiallacciatura?come si fa?
Zirconia dentale impiallacciatura L’aspetto estetico dei denti è migliorata e con questo processo, impiallacciature in fibra di vetro zirconia in colore bianco sono posizionati sui denti.Allo stesso tempo, è anche possibile aiutare le persone con denti rotti, incrinati o ingialliti con rivestimento dentale in zirconia.
Per le faccette dentali in zirconio, prima di tutto, il dentista esegue le necessarie procedure preliminari per la pulizia e il trattamento dei denti.Dopo che i denti sono rivestiti con uno speciale adesivo a cui aderirà il rivestimento, il rivestimento in fibra di vetro viene applicato ai denti e modellato.
Come viene eseguita la manutenzione dei rivestimenti in zirconia?
Quando viene eseguita la manutenzione dei rivestimenti in zirconia, il periodo di durata è prolungato, quindi è importante spazzolare regolarmente i denti.Raccomandando l’uso di soluzioni orali al paziente, viene fornita la protezione dei denti contro i batteri e viene aumentata la durata del rivestimento in zirconio.
Quanti giorni è zirconia dentale impiallacciatura fatto?
La durata dei denti di rivestimento in zirconio è determinata in base alle esigenze della persona; Ma questo periodo è generalmente completato in 2 sessioni.
Domande frequenti su Hollywood Smile
Chiamaci o compila il modulo sottostante e ti ricontatteremo il prima possibile.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>February 17, 2009
Study results presented Feb. 9 at the 16th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections in Montreal found significant benefits may be associated with treating patients immediately following HIV infection.
In August, the International AIDS Society recommended that HIV patients start antiretroviral (ARV) treatment when the level of CD4 immune cells drops below 350 copies per milliliter of blood, which can take months or years after infection and varies among patients. But some recent studies have suggested ARVs should be started earlier. A study last year found that HIV-infected people live longer if treatment is started when CD4 levels drop to 500 copies per milliliter.
In the new study, Radjin Steingrover of Amsterdam's Academic Medical Center and colleagues divided patients into two groups. Fifty-five patients received six to 15 months of treatment, beginning in the early stages of HIV. This group progressed to needing long-term treatment in an average of 45 months. Another group of 47 patients who did not receive early treatment progressed to the point of needing long-term treatment after 32 months, the investigators reported.
02.09.2009; John Lauerman
|Please note: Knowledge about HIV changes rapidly. Note the date of this summary's publication, and before treating patients or employing any therapies described in these materials, verify all information independently. If you are a patient, please consult a doctor or other medical professional before acting on any of the information presented in this summary. For a complete listing of our most recent conference coverage, click here.|<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Come fare i fumi per la sinusite?Domanda di: Vitalba Sartori | Ultimo aggiornamento: 3 agosto 2022
Valutazione: 4.8/5 (6 voti)
Procuratevi una bustina di camomilla (o dei fiori essiccati) e mettetela in una pentola di acqua bollente. Aggiungete anche un cucchiaino di bicarbonato di sodio che possiede un forte potere disinfettante. Inalate poi il vapore coprendovi, come di consueto, la testa con un asciugamano o un panno.
Come si fanno i fumi per il catarro?
Per fare i fumenti, basta riempire una pentola con dell'acqua: dopo averla fatta bollire e avere aggiunto qualche ingrediente (bicarbonato o oli essenziali), si può procedere con l'inalazione del vapore mettendo un panno sopra la testa.
Come si fanno i fumi?
Preparare i suffumigi è estremamente semplice: basterà mettere a bollire dell'acqua in una pentola, per poi aggiungere oli essenziali ed erbe; una volta che l'acqua arriva ad ebollizione, bisognerà inalare profondamente il vapore che emana, tenendo il volto ad una distanza di circa 30 cm e mettendo un panno o un ...
Come smuovere la sinusite?
liberare le vie respiratorie con lavaggi nasali o soluzioni saline acquistabili in farmacia. fare suffumigi con bicarbonato o oli essenziali per sciogliere il muco e alleviare il dolore al viso; una buona alternativa può essere anche il ricorso all'aerosol. idratarsi bevendo molti liquidi.
Come si fanno i fumi con il bicarbonato?
Bicarbonato. In caso di congestione delle vie aeree il bicarbonato è un ottimo rimedio per la mucosa nasale. Ne bastano due cucchiai in una bacinella d'acqua bollente di cui respirare i vapori per almeno 10 minuti.
Suffumigi con bicarbonato - Rimedio naturale al raffreddore - Addio sinusite e addio tappo al naso
Trovate 15 domande correlate
Come fare i profumi per il raffreddore?
Preparare i suffumigi è estremamente semplice: basterà mettere a bollire dell'acqua in una pentola, per poi aggiungere oli essenziali ed erbe; una volta che l'acqua arriva ad ebollizione, bisognerà inalare profondamente il vapore che emana, tenendo il volto ad una distanza di circa 30 centimetri e mettendo un panno o ...
Come fare i vapori per il naso chiuso?
Versate l'acqua e bicarbonato ancora bollente in una bacinella e coprite il capo con un panno asciutto o un asciugamano per respirare i vapori sprigionati dall'acqua calda senza disperderli nell'ambiente. Procedete in questo modo per circa 10 minuti cercando di fare lunghi e profondi respiri.
Dove massaggiare sinusite?
Un massaggio ai seni paranasali doloranti porta alla zona un apporto di sangue fresco e un po' di sollievo. Premete i pollici fermamente ai due lati del naso e mantenete la pressione per 15-30 secondi. Ripetete. Lavate via il dolore.
Come togliere la sinusite in modo naturale?
Uno dei rimedi naturali per la sinusite più efficaci consiste nel bere molta acqua. L'ideale è bere un bicchiere ogni una-due ore, fin dal momento del risveglio, così da favorire il risciacquo e il drenaggio dei seni paranasali e da mantenere idratate le mucose (più le mucose sono idratate e più risultato protette).
Dove premere per capire se è sinusite?
- dolore e senso di pressione intorno agli occhi, nelle guance e sulla fronte,
- dolore nell'arcata dentale superiore,
- febbre e brividi,
- gonfiore al viso,
- naso pieno,
- presenza di muco nasale giallastro o verdastro.
Cosa usare per fare i fumi?
Procuratevi una bustina di camomilla (o dei fiori essiccati) e mettetela in una pentola di acqua bollente. Aggiungete anche un cucchiaino di bicarbonato di sodio che possiede un forte potere disinfettante. Inalate poi il vapore coprendovi, come di consueto, la testa con un asciugamano o un panno.
Quante volte al giorno fare i fumenti?
I suffumigi vanno usati solo per brevi periodi di tempo, generalmente non più di tre giorni consecutivi, una volta al giorno.
A cosa servono i fumenti con il bicarbonato?
Suffumigi con bicarbonato per liberare il naso
Il bicarbonato è un ottimo rimedio per proteggere la mucosa nasale e liberare le vie aeree congestionate durante la fumigazione. Due cucchiai aggiunti all'acqua bollente aiutano il naso e svolgono un'azione antibatterica.
Cosa mettere nei fumenti per sciogliere il catarro?
I suffumigi sono molto utili per liberare soprattutto i polmoni dal catarro e fare in modo che non permanga in quella zona per più tempo, aggravando i sintomi respiratori. Gli oli essenziali più indicati per questa finalità sono quelli di eucalipto, timo, pino, origano, menta, santoreggia e melissa.
Come sciogliere il catarro con bicarbonato?
«Per sciogliere il catarro, puoi aggiungere all'acqua anche un cucchiaio di bicarbonato, che le dà effervescenza, facilitando la liberazione dei vapori balsamici», suggerisce il dottor Luigi Torchio.
Come eliminare il catarro nei bronchi?
Per sciogliere il muco è ottimo mangiare cibi liquidi e a temperatura calda proprio per aiutare a fluidificare ed espellere il catarro. Ottime le zuppe e i brodi di verdure con vegetali quali cipolla, porro, carota, cavolfiore, sedano, finocchio, fagiolini, aglio e rapa.
Quale antinfiammatorio per sinusite?
Ibuprofene (es. Brufen, Kendo, Moment, Momentact, Buscofen): assumere per via orale da 200 a 400 mg di principio attivo (compresse, bustine effervescenti) ogni 4-6 ore, al bisogno. In alcuni casi, l'analgesico può essere assunto anche per via endovenosa alla posologia di 400-800 mg ogni 6 ore, in base alla necessità.
Quali sono i sintomi di una sinusite?
- presenza di muco nasale verde o giallo,
- naso chiuso,
- dolore intorno a guance, occhi e/o sulla fronte,
- mal di testa frontale,
- febbre oltre i 38°,
- mal di denti,
- riduzione del senso dell'olfatto,
- alito cattivo (alitosi).
Come massaggiare naso?
Basta posizionare qualcosa di freddo in un fazzoletto ai lati del naso o sulla fronte. Questo vale fino a quando il gonfiore raggiunge il suo picco, vale a dire nelle prime 24 ore. Poi non è più necessario. Un forte aiuto è dato anche dalla posizione durante i primi giorni post operatori.
Come si cura il mal di testa da sinusite?
- Oli essenziali. Gli oli essenziali sono ottimi per coadiuvare la fluidificazione del muco e migliorare la respirazione, primi passi fondamentali per alleviare il dolore. ...
- Attività fisica. ...
- Irrigazioni nasali. ...
- Cibo e acqua. ...
- Integratori naturali. ...
- Attenzione all'ambiente.
Dove massaggiare per dormire?
Si tratta di massaggiare un punto nella parte interna del polso sulla curva del polso. Per trovarlo facilmente, seguire la linea del mignolo e fermarsi nella cavità sensibile al tatto tra due piccole ossa. Questo punto è chiamato "Porta della Serenità" o "7° meridiano del cuore".
Come stappare il naso in pochi secondi?
Cammina intorno alla stanza (20-30 passi) o muovi delicatamente la testa verso l'alto e il basso mentre trattieni il respiro con il naso tappato. Continua a farlo per più tempo possibile. Respira con il naso quando hai bisogno di ossigeno. Ripeti questo processo 2-3 volte.
Come liberare le vie respiratorie in modo naturale?
- Terapia del vapore. La terapia del vapore, o inalazione di vapore, comporta l'inalazione di vapore acqueo per aprire le vie aeree e aiutare i polmoni a drenare il muco. ...
- Tosse controllata. ...
- Drenaggio posturale. ...
- Esercizio. ...
- Tè verde. ...
- Alimenti antinfiammatori. ...
- Percussioni toraciche.
Quanti minuti di fumenti?
Quanto tempo deve durare un suffumigio? I vapori devono essere inalati il più possibile, 10/15 minuti sono il tempo utile per poter attingere a tutto il potere riscaldante dei fumi sprigionati.
Come fare un aerosol naturale?
All'aglio: in una scodella, pestate due o tre spicchi di aglio e aggiungete un cucchiaino di aceto di mele. Versate sopra mezzo litro di acqua bollente e inalate i vapori. All'eucalipto: in mezzo litro d'acqua bollente, mettete un cucchiaio di foglie di eucalipto, un cucchiaio di timo e uno di gemme di pino.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>مارجین چیست؟
مارجین یا حاشیه، وجه تضمین اولیه یا وجه مورد نیاز برای بازکردن یک معامله است که بر اساس لوریج محاسبه می مارجین Margin چیست؟ گردد؛ اما برای درک بهتر مفهوم حاشیه یا مارجین (Margin)، ابتدا لوریج را فراموش کنید. اجازه دهید تصور کنیم که در بازار فارکس لوریجی در کار نیست، یا بگوییم حساب شما لوریج ۱:۱ دارد. بعد از بیان مفهوم اولیه، تاثیر لوریج در مارجین را نیز بیان می کنیم.
مارجین مقداری از پول است که در یک پوزیشن یا معامله، شرکت می کند. اینگونه تصور کنید که شما یه حساب ۲۰،۰۰۰ دلاری دارید و تصمیم دارید ۲۰۰۰ یورو در مقابل دلار آمریکا (EUR/USD) بخرید. برای خرید این ۲۰۰۰ یورو با فرض اینکه نرخ یورو به دلار آمریکا برابر ۱٫۴۳۴۵ باشد، شما چه میزان دلار آمریکا باید بپردازید؟ در واقع چه میزان مارجین نیاز دارید؟
وقتی ن
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larvae and eggs are shed onto the pasture. The great thing about this form of parasitic protection is that the parasites cannot develop resistance in the same way as they do to commercial wormers.
Fighting apple scab
Willow is useful for fruit growers too. There is mounting evidence that the salicin in willow may be able to help disease resistance in other plants, including scab in apples caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis. It is thought that as the willow wood chip decays, the salicin is released into the soil where it is taken up by the tree roots. If you have willow on your holding, applying a willow mulch around your apple trees may help to combat this disease.
Willow is a useful crop for diversification. There is a market from florists and basket weavers. And as consumers demand fewer plastics, there is an opportunity to make biodegradable wreaths, hampers and even coffins. Another opportunity is growing cricket bat willow (Salix alba var. cearulea). This is a fast growing, tall tree that is still in demand for making cricket bats, the wood selling for as much as £300 a tree. This tree likes to be near running water rather than poorly drained areas with stagnant pools.
Willow's preferred site is on the bank of a stream which may flood occasionally but which drains quickly. The trees are planted at 10m spacing with tree guards and should be allowed to grow for 15-20 years. Side shoots are discouraged by rubbing off buds. The trees are felled when they reach a circumference of 140cm (55in). To get a rotation started, aim to plant 50 trees a year. All being well, you could potentially see an annual income of £15,000 after 15 years — not a bad pension pot.
Therefore, in the right place, willow is the perfect climate change tree to improve the resilience of your holding.
Sally Morgan runs smallholder courses at Empire Farm.
Perfect willow for smallholders
There are 400 species of willow worldwide, with around 150 found in Europe. The main ones to consider for a smallholding are:
- Cricket bat willow: Salix alba caerulea is a tall, straight trunked tree that grows to 20m.
- Common osier: Salix viminalis is fast growing. It reaches 4m and is tolerant of wet soils. It is grown by basket makers. The hybrid Salix viminalis x triandra is grown for biomass and screening. It copes well with wet ground as well as drier soils and produces several metres of new shoot growth each year.
- Purple willow: Salix purpurea is one of several species of willow grown for its coloured bark. This is a smaller tree that grows to 5m. The scarlet willow Salix alba Britzensis has blood red young rods and it can reach 20m. It is used for screening and ornamental purposes.
- Pussy willow: Smaller trees that produce furry catkins. They include goat willow (Salix caprea) which can be grown near water and in hedgerows. It reaches 10-20m in height. It is more tolerant of drier sites. The grey willow (Salix cinerea) is tolerant of wet soils and can grow to 10m.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Choosing a Torque Converter
Manual transmissions use a clutch to connect and disconnect the engine power to the transmission, but in an automatic transmission, it’s the job of the torque converter to transmit and multiply the engine power to the ground. If we were to dissect a converter, inside it contains three main components - the impeller, stator, and turbine.
The impeller or impeller pump is located on the transmission side and rotates at engine speed. As rpm increases, fluid flow increases inside the converter. That power is transferred using vanes and fins that direct the flow towards the turbine, which is bolted to the flexplate. In between the impeller and turbine is the stator. It functions as a sort of one way clutch that redirects the fluid and multiplies the torque output. When the fluid flow is powerful enough, it begins to spin the turbine, which is also splined onto the input shaft of the transmission. The characteristics of each converter are controlled by the diameter, the number and shape of fins, and stator design.
Stall speed is the amount of rpm the engine can reach with the brakes locked and transmission in gear before the drive wheels turn. The stall speed assigned is simply a way to rate the converter’s performance level. The range listed will tell you what to expect from the converter. If a 2700-3000 is selected, you should be able to footbrake stall the converter to about 2700 rpm depending on the vehicle’s setup. Compared to a stock converter, this should provide anywhere from 500 to 1500 more rpm to launch the vehicle from a dead stop, giving you a noticable improvement in the vehicle’s acceleration capability.
Selecting the correct converter and stall speed for your particular vehicle is critical – not only on the street, but also on the race track. The right choice can make the difference between winning and losing; between a car that performs to its potential or falls flat on performance. Choosing the best torque converter for your application can be tricky, but there are some basic guidelines you can follow to help out in the process.
Your power curve and torque output are two of the main things to consider. If we look at a stall speed rated at 2,200 – 2,700-rpm, the range is meant to cover a variety of engine characteristics with different power curves. Ideally you want the stall to lock up somewhere close to the peak torque of the engine. Typically engines that produce more low-end torque will increase the stall speed. The same converter will stall at a lower rpm behind a less torquey - higher rpm engine.
Also consider the resistance you will have against the engine. A heavy car with large diameter tires will create more to fight against. Generally speaking, the more resistance you have, the higher the stall rpm. The same principles apply to gear ratios. A heavy car with taller gears (low numerical value) will have a higher stall rpm compared to a light car with shorter gears and smaller tires.
The details will make all the difference, so to wrap up, the specifics you'll want to consider are: your vehicle weight; engine displacement; compression ratio; cam profile; rearend gear ratio; tire diameter; the type of fuel system, and the transmission model and year.
For example, let’s look at a 1932 Ford street rod. Say it weighs in at around 2800lbs with a 350 cubic-inch engine at 9:1 compression, running a relatively mild street cam like a Comp 260H and 3.50:1 rearend gears. With a stock-type fuel pump and a 1970’s TH350 transmission, a great match here would be our 2000-2200 stall converter like PN 109-602.
Or a 1955 Chevy 2 door hardtop which weighs about 3,350 lbs. It’s running a 383 engine with 10.5:1 compression, a Comp 292 cam (rough idling hot rod style cam), 4.11 gear ratio, high performance fuel pump, and a 1970’s style TH350 transmission. It would likely use a 3200-3500 stall converter, like PN109-603, to get the best performance.
All of the performance torque converters offered by Speedway Motors are engineered to provide improved strength and durability. Designed with heavy-duty heat treated internals and high strength bearings, you can expect longer life along with a substantial increase in performance over a factory torque converter.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>ti conosco Umbrella Academy fan: vi siete già abbuffati per tutta la stagione 2. Come avete potuto non ? La seconda stagione è un'esplosione e mezzo di stravaganti imbrogli di viaggi nel tempo, con protagonista la famiglia di supereroi più disfunzionale che abbia mai abbellito uno schermo. Una volta che fai scoppiare, non puoi più fermarti! C'è solo un problema se sei già saltato fuori e hai finito gli episodi della seconda stagione: Umbrella Academy La terza stagione probabilmente non uscirà per un po '. Ops!
È qui che entrano in gioco consigli come questo. Se sei già in vena di viaggiare nel tempo, ce n'è uno spettacolo che funziona dannatamente bene come seguito, o forse anche un pezzo di accompagnamento, a Umbrella Academy Stagione 2: questo è lo show di Hulu 11.22.63 . La serie è basata sull'omonimo romanzo di Stephen King e traccia la missione di un uomo single che scopre un bizzarro portale di viaggi nel tempo che collega il suo presente con una data specifica nel 1960. Rendendosi conto che questa è la sua occasione per scongiurare l'assassinio del presidente Kennedy, il ragazzo decide di restare nel passato per tre anni e lavorare per evitare una delle più grandi crisi della storia.
La premessa dello show di Hulu potrebbe suonarvi familiare: il gruppo di Hargreeves è stato abbandonato in passato, a distanza di mesi o anni a partire dal 1960; Diego decide di organizzare una missione individuale per salvare il presidente; l'intera apocalisse dipende dall'assassinio di JFK, ecc.
11.22.63 non è un nuovo spettacolo, intendiamoci, tutt'altro. E se ti sembra nuovo, è perché è (relativamente) vecchio. La serie ha debuttato nel febbraio 2016, che è quasi preistorica in termini di The Streaming Age. Guardate in questo modo: 11.22.63 è uscito quattro mesi prima Stranger Things , nello stesso mese in cui è stato lanciato Netflix Fuller House e più di un anno prima che Hulu trovasse un grande successo in Il racconto dell'ancella .
Hulu
Non c'è bisogno di chiamare Umbrella Academy per aver fregato 11.22.63 , tuttavia, poiché si tratta di una trama di viaggio nel tempo molto comune. Inoltre, il romanzo di Stephen King è uscito nel 2011 e Umbrella Academy: Dallas , la miniserie a fumetti su cui si basa la seconda stagione, è stata pubblicata nel 2008. Queste due idee, e queste due interpretazioni molto diverse della stessa missione di viaggio nel tempo, possono coesistere e aiutarti a grattare il tuo improvviso prurito per altre avventure anni '60.
Un avvertimento: se vuoi o meno guardare 11.22.63 dipende dalla tua posizione sull'uomo protagonista della serie, James Franco, a seguito di accuse di cattiva condotta sessuale e abuso nel 2018. Se questo ti spegne completamente 11.22.63 , è assolutamente giusto! Se vuoi controllare la trama o il resto del cast, che include Chris Cooper, 1917 Sono George MacKay e Letterkenny's Sarah Gadon, provaci.
Puoi eseguire lo streaming di tutti i file 11.22.63 in questo momento su Hulu, e puoi anche rimanere in un loop temporale, rivedere Umbrella Academy Stagione 2 in ripetizione su Netflix.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>and excited for a fortunate day,
singing wedding songs
with ringing voice,
beat the ground with feet, with a hand
shake the pine torch.1
Like a Greek woman,
a Roman woman was usually under the guardianship, manus, of her
paterfamilias, male guardian, her whole life. However, during
the end of the Roman Republic and at the time of the elegiac
poets, women tended to have more freedom:
ostensibly factual texts and in imaginative writing a new kind
of women appears precisely at the time of Cicero and Caesar:
a woman in high position, who nevertheless claims for herself
the indulgence in sexuality of a woman of pleasure.2
This 'new woman'
both affected and was affected by a new attitude towards marriage,
the beginnings of which are seen in Catullus' poems.3 This section will examine
the traditional Roman marriage4
and the transition to a different kind of relationship at the
time of the elegists.
could either be traditional, with coniubium and manus,
or unconventional, without coniubium and manus.5 In order for a marriage
and the children resulting from the union to be legitimate, both
partners needed to have ius coniubium, the right to marry.
This right was both inherent in Roman citizenship and bestowed
upon certain people as a special privilege. Under Augustus' laws,
if a couple had a sexual union, but did not have coniubium,
the union was considered stuprum and the couple was subject
to penalties. There were certain unions, however, that allowed
people without coniubium to have a marital like union.6
Types of Marriage
The first and most
traditional type of marriage was called confarreatio.7 This was a marriage limited
to patricians whose parents were also married with confarreatio.
The wedding was an elaborate ceremony with the Flamen Dialis
and Pontifex Maximus presiding, as well as ten witnesses present.
The woman passed directly from the manus of her paterfamilias
to that of her new husband. Divorce for confarreatio marriages,
diffarreatio, was a difficult process and therefore rare.
Not much is known about how diffarreatio was carried out
except that there was a special type of sacrifice that caused
the dissolution of the relationship between the man and woman.
She would then pass back into the manus of her paterfamilias.
The second and more
common type of marriage with manus was called coemptio.
It represented a "bride purchase," as the groom paid
nummus usus, a penny, and received the bride in exchange.
While this purchase was not a real sale, it symbolized the traditional
bride purchases of earlier societies. Only five witnesses were
required and the wedding ceremony was much less formal8 than confarreatio,
but the bride still passed to her husband's manus.
A third type of
marriage is a bit more unusual and was obsolete by the end of
the Republic. Usus was a practical marriage that did not
require an actual wedding ceremony; it was a transfer to the
manus of the husband by default after cohabitation. There was
probably some honorable intention stated at the beginning of
the cohabitation, an adfectus maritalis. The only requirement
for an usus marriage was that the man and woman cohabitate
for one full year. The woman would then pass into her husband's
manus. There was one loophole, however. If, within that
year, the woman was away for three consecutive nights, she would
not pass into the manus of her husband.
There were also
marital unions that did not require the women to pass into her
husband's manus. One, for instance, was free marriage.9 The wife would retain her
independence as filiafamilias to her paterfamilias. If
the father was dead, and had so stipulated in his will, she would
be suae iuris, responsible for herself. She, under suae
iuris, could then manage her own property and even initiate
a divorce. Concubinatus was another alternative to marriage.10 A concubine, or paelex,
was a woman who had regular sexual relations with a married man.
Often the man and his paelex would live together, but
without the adfectus maritalis that characterized usus
marriages. Children of this type of union were not legitimate,
indicating that the relationship was not itself legitimate. If,
however, the couple did have adfectus maritalis and there
were no legal disqualifications to marriage, the relationship
could become a matrimonium. Like Greek concubinage, concubinatus
was an acceptable alternative unless the paterfamilias gave the
woman as a concubine because he could not afford a dowry for
her (in which case it was an embarrassment). While not an actual
marriage, contubernium was a marital-like union often
practiced by slaves.111
Again the defining factor was cohabitation. This situation was
not a permanent one, but existed only until both partners gained
an alternative to marriage, though not for honorable women.12 Prostitutes were called
scortae, meretrices, or lupae, but did not
have the same status in Roman society as hetarai did in
Greek society. Like their Greek counterparts, they were usually
foreigners and were easy to identify with their make-up and flamboyant
attire that contrasted sharply with the austere look of the matronae.
They registered with the aediles and later were required to pay
taxes. As is the case today, prostitutes could work independently
or for a brothel owner, the leno or lena.
Closer to the Greek
hetarai were the courtesans, doctae puellae. Often
these mistresses would live with their mothers and sisters, under
a lena, or in an apartment provided by their lovers.13 Unlike prostitutes, courtesans
were usually of respectable Roman origin, although some were
freedwomen. They did not live with their lovers, but, unlike
prostitutes, usually had only one lover at a time.
Catullus, carmen 61, lines 211-15, the Wedding of Junia and Manlius.
The translation is my own.
Fantham, Elaine, Helene Peet Foley, Natalie Boymel Kampen, Sarah
B. Pomeroy, and H. Alan Shapiro. 1994. Women in the Classical
World. New York and Oxford, 280.
For more on women during the time of the elegists, see Wyke,
Maria. 1989. "Mistress
and Metaphor in Augustan Elegy," Helios 16.1: 25-49.
For a comprehensive overview of Roman marriage, see Treggiari,
Susan. 1991. Roman Marriage: Iusti Coniuges from the Time
of Cicero to the Time of Ulpian. Oxford.
For more on all marital options, see Corbett, Percy Ellwood.
1969. The Roman Law of Marriage. Oxford, chs. 3 &
Concubinatus and contubernium are two examples of marital options
for people without ius coniubium.
For more on the first three types of Roman marriage (confarreatio,
coemptio, and
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享有的权益等，应当依法予以保护。”
（4）《最高人民法院关于适用<中华人民共和国民法典>婚姻家庭编的解释（一）》第六十九条第二款规定：“当事人依照民法典第一千零七十六条签订的离婚协议中关于财产以及债务处理的条款，对男女双方具有法律约束力。登记离婚后当事人因履行上述协议发生纠纷提起诉讼的，人民法院应当受理。”
最高人民法院民一庭在表述这一问题时认为：“这是赠与人为换取另一方同意协议离婚而承诺履行的义务。该义务的特殊之处在于，赠与人的给付房屋义务不是向离婚协议相对方履行，而是按约定向合同外第三人履行。根据《民法典》第一千零七十六条的规定，......。由于婚姻登记机关办理离婚登记的前提条件是双方对子女抚养和财产分割问题达成一致意见，所以急于离婚的一方可能会在离婚协议中对财产分割作出一定的让步。这类离婚协议中双方主要义务表现为，受赠人配合赠与人办理协议离婚，受赠人向第三人交付房屋。在相对方已经按约定与赠与人协议解除婚姻关系的情形下，赠与人也应按约定履行给付房屋的义务。如果赠与人不履行该义务，则构成违约，离婚协议相对方有权请求法院判令其履行房屋交付义务。最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民法典〉婚姻家庭编的解释(一）》第六十九条第二款“......”的规定可以理解为上述精神的体现。我国正在走向法治化，离婚协议的签订和履行应当贯彻诚实信用原则。对那种签订协议时就没有打算履行，特别是对那些将签订在财产分割问题上大幅度让步作为换取对方迅速同意离婚的权宜之计，却动辄反悔，根本没打算认真履行协议的当事人，绝不能予以支持。”
云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州中级人民法院在（2021）云25民终1704号民事判决书中认为：“本案上诉人与被上诉人双方自愿离婚，签订书面离婚协议，该离婚协议对双方具有法律约束力。依据双方离婚协议中对房产的约定，本案争议房屋双方赠与儿子徐某2，但现在徐某2已年满十八周岁，其明确表示拒绝接受双方的房产赠与，故该约定已无法履行，被上诉人起诉请求撤销该约定，符合法律规定，一审法院予以撤销并无不当。上诉人认为要对双方财产进行重新分配，紫藤家纺经营权及40金万存货已归被上诉人所有的情况下，上诉人就不应再给付230000元的房屋折价款，因双方协议已有明确约定归上诉人，且双方已按该约定实际履行，现该约定并不具备撤销的条件，故上诉人的上诉理由不能成立。本院不予支持。因双方赠与条款撤销后，诉争房产为上诉人与被上诉人共同共有，可按双方离婚后未分割的夫妻共有财产进行分割。上诉人与被上诉人一致同意涉案房屋归上诉人享有，对被上诉人要求按双方确认的房产价值46000元支付其一半价款23000元的意见一审法院予以支持正确，本院予以维持。”
（三）“夫妻财产约定”与“离婚协议”的区别是什么？
二者的区别主要表现在以下几个方面：
1、二者的生效条件不同：夫妻财产约定一经签署即发生法律效力，它不以离婚为前提，对双方均具有约束力，一般情况下是不能反悔的；离婚协议签署后成立，但要离婚完成时才发生法律效力。如果双方未办理离婚登记，离婚协议不生效，双方均不受其约束，任何一方均可以反悔。
2、二者在对外债务抗辩中的作用不同：夫妻财产约定债务由一方承担的，如债权人知晓夫妻双方的约定，另一方可据此对债权人要求其承担债务的要求进行抗辩；离婚协议中对夫妻共同债权债务的处分，只对夫妻双方具有约束力，对债权人没有约束力，任何一方不得以离婚协议的约定对抗债权人的请求权。
北京市海淀区人民法院在（2015）海民初字第1026号民事判决书中认为：“根据双方当事人陈述及《声明》中‘因男方精神出轨，导致夫妻双方感情破裂，已无和好可能’的内容看，双方在签署《声明》时已确认双方感情破裂，并提及离婚事宜，并非单纯对婚内财产归属进行约定。结合《声明》签署后双方开始分居及双方于签署《声明》同日出售房屋的客观事实，《声明》应为双方当事人在对离婚达成一致意见的情况下，作出的财产分割协议，故《声明》的生效应以双方登记离婚或到人民法院协议离婚为条件。现袁某与朱某华未实际办理离婚手续，《声明》没有生效，故法院对朱某华要求以《声明》内容分割双方共同财产的主张不予支持。双方争议车辆购买于婚后，应为袁某与朱某华的夫妻共同财产。因房屋出售尚在履行阶段，故针对房屋出售所得款项分割问题，双方当事人可以协商或另案进行分割。”
三、关于夫妻忠诚协议的问题：
《民法典》第一千零四十三条规定：“家庭应当树立优良家风，弘扬家庭美德，重视家庭文明建设。”“夫妻应当互相忠实，互相尊重，互相关爱；家庭成员应当敬老爱幼，互相帮助，维护平等、和睦、文明的婚姻家庭关系。”这是夫妻忠诚协议的基础。
（一）夫妻忠诚协议是否具有法律效力？
关于夫妻在婚姻关系存续期间签署忠诚协议是否有效问题，最高人民法院在《中华人民共和国民法典婚姻家庭编继承编理解与适用》一书中明确：夫妻之间签订忠诚协议，应由当事人本着诚信原则自觉自愿履行，法律并不禁止夫妻之间签订此类协议，但也不赋予此类协议强制执行力，从整体社会效果考虑，法院对夫妻之间的忠诚协议纠纷以不受理为宜。理由如下：
第一、如果法院受理此类忠诚协议纠纷，主张按忠诚协议赔偿的一方当事人，既要证明协议内容是真实的，没有欺诈、胁迫的情形，又要证明对方具有违反忠诚协议的行为，可能会导致一些人为了获取证据而不择手段，严重侵犯当事人的合法权益。
第二、赋予忠诚协议法律强制力的后果之一，就是鼓励当事人在婚前签订一个可以“拴住”对方的忠诚协议，这不仅会加大婚姻成本，而且也会使建立在双方情感和信任基础上的婚姻关系变质。
第三、忠诚协议实质上属于情感、道德范畴，当事人自觉自愿履行当然极好，如违反忠诚协议一方心甘情愿净身出户或赔偿若干金钱，为自己的出轨行为付出经济上的代价。但是如果一方不愿履行，不应强迫其履行忠诚协议。
北京市第三中级人民法院在(2021)京03民终8334号民事判决书中记载：“关于夫妻忠诚协议的法律效力问题，结合《民法典》及司法解释的规定，一审法院认为，夫妻是否忠诚实质属于情感道德范畴，夫妻之间订立的忠诚协议，应由当事人本着诚信原则自觉履行，法律并不禁止夫妻之间签订此类协议，但也不赋予此类协议的强制执行力，不能以此作为分割夫妻共同财产或确定子女抚养权归属的依据。当事人在离婚分割夫妻共同财产时，应综合考虑婚姻关系中各自的付出、贡献大小、过错方的过错程度和对婚姻破裂的消极影响，对无过错方酌情予以照顾，以平衡双方利益，通过司法裁判树立正确的社会价值导向。”
（二）“夫妻忠诚协议”与“夫妻财产约定”的区别是什么？
二者的财产数额限制不同：对家庭财产的分配不能影响一方的基本生活，约定的赔偿数额要符合家庭经济的实际情况，明显畸高的法院不会支持；夫妻财产约定不受一方基本生活的限制，只是对双方各自财产多少的约定。
二者生效的时间不同：在司法实践中，忠诚协议一般是判决离婚时才有可能支持。不离婚只要求按协议赔偿的，法院一般不会受理；夫妻财产约定以夫妻财产分别制为基础，不管离婚与否，财产约定都是有效的。
二者的效力不同：忠诚协议实质上属于情感、道德范畴，如果一方不愿履行，不应强迫其履行忠诚协议；夫妻财产约定对双方具有法律约束力，任何一方违反财产约定应当承担相应的违约责任。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Copy and paste the embed code below. The code changes based on your selection.
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https://www.amerikaninsesi.com/a/2995664.html
Yeni bir kamuoyu yoklaması, Cumhuriyetçi Parti’nin aday adaylarından Ben Carson’un yüzde 6'lık bir artışla milyarder Donald Trump’a yetişmeye çalıştığını gösteriyor ancak yine de Trump kilit eyaletlerde açık ara önde gidiyor<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Exposure to pesticides could lead to an increased risk of contracting Parkinson's disease, a study has found.
Some pesticides may be bad for human health
Researchers discovered that high levels of exposure increased the risk by 39%, while even low levels raised it by 9%.
However, the Aberdeen University researchers stressed that the overall risk of developing the disease remained small.
In the UK, one person in 500 develops the incurable degenerative brain disease, or a similar illness.
Symptoms often include unsteadiness and tremor in the hands or arms, often alongside difficulties with speech or movement.
Other studies have pointed strongly towards exposure to pesticides being involved in some cases, with agricultural workers showing higher rates of the illness.
The Aberdeen study, reported in the journal Occupational and Environmental Medicine, involved 959 cases of parkinsonism, a term used to describe people with diagnoses of Parkinson's Disease, and other, similar conditions.
They all answered questioned about their lifetime occupational and recreational exposure to a variety of chemicals, including solvents, pesticides, iron, copper and manganese.
Some have suggested that the head injuries involved in boxing could be linked to Parkinson's, so the patients were also asked whether they had ever been knocked unconscious.
The study included more general questions about family health history and tobacco use.
All the replies were then compared to those from a group of people of similar age and sex who had not been diagnosed with Parkinson's.
They revealed that while having a family history of Parkinson's was the clearest risk factor for developing the disease, exposure to pesticides also gave a clear increase.
People who had been knocked out once were 35% more at risk, while being knocked out on more than one occasion appeared to increase the risk by two-and-a-half times.
However, the researchers acknowledged that it was impossible to tell from the results whether the patients had been knocked out after falling as a result of their Parkinson's.
Dr Finlay Dick, the lead researcher, said: "What we have shown in the study is that with increasing risk to exposure to pesticides, the risk of Parkinson's Disease increases.
"This doesn't prove that pesticides cause Parkinson's Disease - but does add to the weight of evidence of an association."
A spokesman for the Parkinson's Disease Society echoed this: "The important finding from this study is confirmation that Parkinson's is not caused by any one factor, but instead a combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors."
Georgina Downs, from the UK Pesticides Campaign, which represents people in rural communities, said: "Considering many pesticides are neurotoxic, then it isn't surprising that study after study has found associations with various chronic neurological and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's.
"This is highly significant in relation to the long-term exposure of rural residents and communities living near sprayed fields."<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>COVID-19, which has killed 1.7 million people worldwide, does not follow a uniform path.
Many infected patients remain asymptomatic or have mild symptoms. Others, especially those with comorbidities, can develop severe clinical disease with atypical pneumonia and multiple system organ failure.
Since the first cases were reported in December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19 has surged into a pandemic, with cases and deaths still mounting. Ongoing observational clinical research has become a priority to better understand how this previously unknown virus acts, and findings from this research can better inform treatment and vaccine design.
University of Alabama at Birmingham researchers, led by first-author Jacob “Jake” Files and co-senior authors Nathan Erdmann, M.D., Ph.D., and Paul Goepfert, M.D., have now reported their observational study, “Sustained cellular immune dysregulation in individuals recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection,” published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation.
In a commentary on the UAB study, published in the same issue, Phillip Mudd, M.D., Ph.D., and Kenneth Remy, M.D., both of Washington University, wrote, “The importance of these studies to provide context for the interpretation of immune responses generated by participants in COVID-19 vaccine trials, including how those responses change over time, cannot be over-emphasized. This information will be key in potential modifications to existing COVID-19 vaccines and treatments.”
The UAB researchers obtained blood samples and clinical data from 46 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 39 non-hospitalized individuals who had recovered from confirmed COVID-19 infection. Both groups were compared to healthy, COVID-19-negative controls. Importantly, most individuals in the hospitalized group had active SAR-CoV-2 viruses in their blood and were in the hospital at the time of sample collection. All individuals in the non-hospitalized group were convalescent at the time of sample collection.
From the blood samples, researchers were able to separate specific immune cell subsets and analyze cell surface markers. From this complex information, immunologists can analyze how each individual’s immune system is responding during infection and during convalescence. Some of these results can reveal whether immune cells have become activated and exhausted by the infection. Exhausted immune cells may increase susceptibility to a secondary infection or hamper development of protective immunity to COVID-19.
In addition, the researchers were able to analyze changes over time, in two ways. The first was observing changes in surface markers over time, defined as days since the onset of symptoms for non-hospitalized samples. The second was directly comparing the frequencies of these markers between the first and second clinic visits for non-hospitalized patients who had blood samples collected at two sequential timepoints.
The most surprising finding involved non-hospitalized patients. While the UAB researchers saw upregulated activation markers in hospitalized patients, they also found several activation and exhaustion markers were expressed at higher frequencies in non-hospitalized convalescent samples.
Looking at these markers over time, it was apparent that immune dysregulation in the non-hospitalized individuals did not quickly resolve. Furthermore, the dysregulation of T cell activation and exhaustion markers in the non-hospitalized cohort was more pronounced in the elderly. “To our knowledge,” the researchers reported, “this is the first description of sustained immune dysregulation due to COVID-19 in a large group of non-hospitalized convalescent patients.”
For details of the comprehensive look at immune cells subsets during and after COVID-19 infection in hospitalized and non-hospitalized people, see the study, which includes an in-depth characterization of the activation and exhaustion phenotype of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells and B cells.
The B and T cells from both patient cohorts had phenotypes consistent with activation and cellular exhaustion throughout the first two months of infection. And in the non-hospitalized individuals, the activation markers and cellular exhaustion increased over time. “These findings,” Mudd and Remy said in their commentary, “illustrate the persistent nature of the adaptive immune system changes that have been noted in COVID-19 and suggest longer-term effects that may shape the maintenance of immunity to SARS-CoV-2.”
Source: Read Full Article<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>三道菜殖民地套餐
Shutters
首先从Mulligatawny开始，这是一种奶油英式汤，上面撒有一点咖喱粉。 在您的主食中，可以选择历史悠久的美食，例如英国炸鱼和薯条，也可以选择当地美食，例如我们的海
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pressure to these unseen fault lines. Frequently this happens in conjunction with fracking.
The second, carbon capture and storage (CCS), is a newer process that the Environmental Protection Agency champions as a green alternative to carbon emissions. Yet, as a 2016 paper for the Royal Society of Chemistry explains, CCS often uses a liquid to pump the captured carbon deep into the earth. The National Academy of Sciences paper adds that CCS has an even larger potential to induce seismic events than wastewater disposal because the volumes of injected fluids are theoretically larger, occurring over longer periods of time and under higher pressure.
Both methods pump far more liquid underground than fracking. And both suddenly change the net fluid balance in underground cavities, which, the National Academy of Sciences warns, “appears to have the most direct consequence in regard to induced seismicity.”
A 2016 presentation by Kayla Kroll of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, which is operated by the Department of Energy, found the rate of injection — for any of these techniques — has an effect on the seismic events. Lower pressure results in more earthquakes but fewer large ones; periodically injecting at high rates, by contrast, results in fewer quakes but larger ones.
A 2015 paper in the Columbia Journal of Environmental Law looks at how legislation varies in different states and concludes that, in Oklahoma, “little law appears to deter operators from inducing earthquakes.” Texas is similar: “The fact that Texas common law only mildly deters operators from inducing earthquakes through the diminished threat of liability under a mere negligence standard may account for the fact that Texas has experienced more induced earthquakes than any other state.” By contrast, Ohio and Colorado — two other states with active underground drilling — have established regulations forcing energy companies to use caution.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) at the Department of the Interior should be a first stop for anyone interested in the latest earthquake research and data. It has maps of potential earthquake zones, up-to-the-hour data on the most recent earthquakes around the world, fact sheets on human-caused earthquakes and lists of recent research on induced seismicity. USGS also explains the link between wastewater disposals and induced earthquakes in a “myths and misconceptions” page.
The Oklahoma Geological Survey has similar resources focused specifically on the state and what authorities are doing about the sudden spate of quakes there.
The Energy Information Agency, an independent research outfit at the U.S. Department of Energy, has fact pages on global oil and natural gas production, as well as vast troves of data on just about every energy angle imaginable.
The UC Berkeley Seismology Lab has written about human-induced seismicity in the Midwest.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Lincemiope ha pubblicato su Lomb.it 634 articoli tra il 16/03/2005 ed il 16/02/2011.
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altro millepiedi
altro millepiedi!
I mille-piedi adulti impiegano un secondo per togliersi una scarpa, mentre i loro figli ci mettono due secondi. Una famiglia di mille-piedi è composta da padre, madre e tre figli. I genitori, quando sono scalzi, possono aiutare i loro figli. Ogni mille-piedi può togliere solo una scarpa per volta, a se stesso o ad un figlio (che intanto continua le sue operazioni).
Quanto tempo ci metterà la nostra famiglia di mille-piedi, al minimo, per togliersi tutte le scarpe?
Nota: si suppone che ogni mille-piedi abbia effettivamente … 1000 zampette!
Nota: il tempo deve essere dato in secondi ed eventualmente essere arrotondato per eccesso.
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Se vuoi firmare un commento con il tuo nick devi autenticarti: Login<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The Complexities of Anxiety Disorder and Addiction
Anxiety disorders are some of the most commonly diagnosed mental health disorders, likely to occur during the lifetimes of approximately 28.8 percent of the population, according to a study in Psychiatric Times. Addiction, or substance use disorders, also have a high lifetime prevalence, occurring in about 14.6 percent of adults.
Frequently, these conditions occur together, which can pose a challenge for treatment professionals. Without treating both issues together, the person suffering from these co-occurring conditions is more likely to relapse into either condition than a person who is dealing with just one alone. For this reason, it is important to understand the value of obtaining integrated treatment for anxiety disorder and substance abuse when they occur together.
Understanding Anxiety Disorders
In general, anxiety is defined as a type of mood disorder that results in uncontrollable worry, fear, or panic. The Anxiety and Depression Association of America defines anxiety as persistent, excessive, and unrealistic worry. This can involve various levels of worry or fear, from persistent worry or apprehension to absolute terror, depending on the type of disorder, the source of the anxiety, and the person’s particular level of illness.
Anxiety is based in the body’s natural response to stress, also known as the fight-or-flight response, as described in an informative article on Psych Central. This is a normal hormonal and neural response to stress that heightens a person’s attention and increases reaction time to help deal with threats.
For a person with an anxiety disorder, this system is malfunctioning in some way, causing the person to have fight-or-flight reactions to situations that would not typically cause such a reaction.
Types of Anxiety Disorders
The types of anxiety disorders vary based on the source of and reason for the anxiety. Where a person without the disorder might occasionally worry about these things when directly confronted by them, a person with an anxiety disorder may worry about them all the time, even when there’s no actual threat. Some types of
- Generalized anxiety disorder: excessive worry about general, everyday concerns
- Panic disorder: occurrence of spontaneous panic attacks with no apparent cause
- Agoraphobia: fear of being in public places or other places where a panic attack may occur
- Social anxiety: extreme self-consciousness or fear when around other people
- Specific phobias: unreasonable fears of specific items or events, such as heights or spiders
Depression can often occur with anxiety, as can related conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder or obsessive-compulsive disorder.
According to the DSM-5, OCD, PTSD, and acute stress disorder are no longer included as an anxiety disorder.
Are You Self-Medicating Your Anxiety
We Treat Addiction & Anxiety Simultaneously
While anxiety disorders cannot be cured, they can be managed effectively with professional treatment. The main treatment for anxiety is therapy aimed at helping the person recognize the behavioral patterns or experiences that result in an anxiety response. Once the triggers are recognized, the person can learn behaviors to help moderate that response.
Another aspect of anxiety treatment is medication that can decrease the occurrence of anxiety symptoms. Medications can help manage the hormonal or neural malfunctions that result in the feelings of worry, panic, and fear.
Many medications used for treating anxiety have side effects. It is important to work with the certified prescribing professional and follow medication instructions exactly to get the most benefit from the medications
Anxiety and Addiction
Anxiety and addiction occur together frequently; in fact, up to 27 percent of people suffering from substance use disorders also suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder and the anxiety that goes along with that disorder, according to research in the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment.
There are many factors that contribute to the co-occurrence of anxiety and addiction. These include:
- Family history of mental illness and substance abuse
- Self-medication for anxiety disorders
- Degree of anxiety disorder or substance abuse
- Type of substance of abuse
Sometimes anxiety is not a separate, co-occurring disorder, but a result of addiction instead. While this can be difficult to diagnose, experienced medical and psychiatric professionals can help determine when anxiety is a disorder that will need special treatment integrated with the substance abuse treatment.
Cause and Effect
The relationship between anxiety and addiction is complex. For example, some studies have shown that while anxiety rarely comes before addiction, it often comes after, making it seem that anxiety is often a symptom of the substance use disorder rather than a true co-occurring disorder.
On the other hand, some anxiety disorders are strongly correlated with substance abuse. For example, general anxiety disorder has been shown to correspond with individuals having a higher number of addiction diagnoses.
Another contributor to the co-occurrence of addiction and anxiety disorders is the idea of self-medication. Sometimes, a person with an anxiety disorder may decide to take illicit drugs, use alcohol, or misuse prescription drugs to reduce feelings of anxiety. Self-medication can lead directly to a substance use disorder over time.
Medications and Addiction
Misuse of prescription medications can be a particular risk for substance use disorder in people with anxiety disorders. The reason for this is that a number of the medications prescribed for anxiety disorders, like alprazolam or diazepam (Xanax or Valium), can be extremely addictive if misused. Known as benzodiazepines, or benzos, these medications and others like them can cause changes in the brain’s hormone pathways that may result in addiction.
According to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, even low-dose benzos can cause these changes and lead to addiction if they’re taken for too long or at higher levels than prescribed. For this reason, it’s important for people taking anti-anxiety medications to follow their doctors’ instructions exactly and not misuse the medications.
Medical support for anxiety is a part of treatment, but with a co-occurring substance use disorder, it important to avoid medications for treatment that may encourage or exacerbate the addiction problem. According to a review in Psychiatric Annals, research into medications that can help with both conditions is ongoing, and some medications that have less addictive potential can help.
Treating Anxiety and Addiction Together
When a person is dealing with an anxiety disorder in combination with substance abuse, it can be frightening to think about trying to get treatment. As described in an article from Psychology Today, if the substance abuse is discontinued, the anxiety can become worse for a time, which makes the person want to return to the substance for relief. However, because of the nature of the substance use and the development of tolerance to the substance, it takes more and more of the substance to keep the feelings of anxiety, fear, and panic under control.
Because of this heightened risk of relapse to substance use, it is important to provide integrated treatment of both the anxiety and the substance use disorder. The first step is to provide medically managed and supervised detox. This is especially important for people who are using benzos or alcohol, as withdrawal from these substances can be dangerous. In addition, medically assisted detox integrated with support for anxiety symptoms can ensure that the temptation to return to substance use is minimized and managed throughout the process.
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Therapy for Anxiety and Addiction
For co-occurring anxiety and addiction, detox is best undertaken as part of a continuum of care in an inpatient treatment program, so therapies emphasize integrated treatment for both conditions. These therapies include a variety of psychological counseling and practical education sessions designed to help the person learn to manage the symptoms of anxiety and the desire to self-medicate or otherwise abuse substances at the same time.
A type of therapy that has been shown in various research to help with both anxiety and addiction is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, or CBT. As described in a research review in Psychiatric Times, CBT is more likely to help people manage these co-occurring disorders than mutual self-help group therapy such as 12-Step programs.
In contrast, CBT sessions can help a person begin to understand and recognize the causes of anxiety and how they can trigger substance use. The person then uses this understanding to develop strategies that help manage anxiety and subsequently decrease the need to self-medicate. With practice, this can help the person manage both conditions after therapy is complete.
Long-term Management of Anxiety and Substance Use Disorders
After treatment, a person who is dealing with both substance abuse and an anxiety disorder may be fearful about returning to daily life and being able to manage both conditions alone. To help with this, the person can enter an aftercare program that includes treatment and support, such as:
- Contingency Management, which provides rewards for proven maintenance of both conditions
- Individual or group therapy, to keep up skills learned in rehab
- Family therapy, often started in rehab to help family members provide motivation and support
- Group support or therapies, as appropriate
With continued support and self-confidence, the person can maintain recovery in the long-term, maintaining sobriety while still managing anxiety symptoms.
Editorial Staff, American Addiction Centers
The editorial staff of Sunrise House is comprised of addiction content experts from American Addiction Centers. Our editors and medical reviewers have over a decade of cumulative experience in medical content editing and have reviewed thousands of...Read More<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>GCCI的包包大约在6000到一万左右，也有一千左右的，最高的两万多。
古驰 (Gcci) 是一个意大利时尚品牌，由古驰奥·古驰在1921年于佛罗伦萨创办。古驰的产品包括时装、皮具、皮鞋、手表、领带、丝巾、香水、家居用品及宠物用品等。自1994年起至2003年，古驰由汤姆·福特担任创作总监，更开创了GCCI崭新的品牌形象。GCCI品牌时装一向以高档、豪华、性感而闻名于世，以“身份与财富之象征”品牌形象成为富有上流社会的消费宠儿，一向被商界人士垂青，时尚之余不失高雅。古驰是意大利最大的时装集团。
Gcci avege是双肩包系列。设计风格，奢华、性感、夸耀、带一丝丝摇滚味道。古驰（Gcci），1921年创立于佛罗伦萨，是全球奢侈品品牌之一，借由其独特的创意和革新，以及精湛的意大利工艺闻名于世。古驰隶属于开云集团（Keing Gop）。开云集团旗下拥有众多极具影响力的精品、运动及生活方式品牌，是时装与配饰行业的领军者。古驰的产品包括时装、皮具、皮鞋、手表、领带、丝巾、香水、家居用品及宠物用品等，中文译作古驰。Gcci发展历程：1919年，意大利人古驰奥·古驰旅居伦敦和巴黎，耳濡目染下，他对当地时尚人士的衣着品位渐有心得。1921年，返回佛罗伦萨后，他开了一家专门经营高档行李配件和马术用品的商店，出售由当地最好工匠制作的精美皮具，并在上面打上古驰（GCCI）标志。仅几年时间这家店就吸引了一批国内外有背景的客户。这一巨大成功，促使古驰奥·古驰于1938年在罗马开了第一家分店。结束后，由于原材料匮乏，古驰在1947年设计出以竹节替代皮手柄的提包，这一设计至今仍堪称经典。到50年代，源自马肚带的红绿红条纹被古驰用作配件装饰图样，遂成为这个品牌的又一标志设计。1953年，创始人古驰奥·古驰去世，而公司的纽约分店也在同年开张，它标志着古驰开始向全球市场出击。
20世纪60年代，随着古驰伦敦、巴黎和佛罗里达棕榈滩分店的成立，这个代表时尚与品位的意大利名牌在世界最主要市场站稳了脚跟。到60年代末，“GG”正式成为古驰的品牌标识。
gcci推荐的双肩包是GG Mamont。GG Mamont是最保值的gcci经典包包之一，“GG Mamont”这个名字的灵感来自于洛杉矶一间名为Chatea mamont hote的复古风格酒店，这款包不仅有着复古的特色，同时赋予了新时代的流行理念，既文艺又时髦。黄铜色的GG标志加上猛兽的配饰显得尊荣华贵，复古文艺又时尚，系列由Gcci标志性双G图案成为焦点，款式非常多，有圆形、长方形、天鹅绒、双肩包、托特包、腰包、相机包、零钱包等等，带有链条，皮质拼链条，全皮，其中滑链背带设计精巧，可在肩背和手提之间自由切换。选购gcci包包的注意事项选购gcci的时候要注意，真品Gcci的字母G的ogo花纹织法非常整齐，可以清晰地看到两个大写字母G的图案。同时如果将Gcci包包在光线下慢慢转动，会看到双G标志随着灯光的折射而改变颜色，但冒牌货的双G标志不会变色。gcci包包的皮牌背面有序列号，上排数字代表包包型号，下排数字代表古驰内部的一个代码，通过这个代码能够查询到包包的制作地，制作的工坊等信息。因此这个号是不可能重复的。序列号数字是衬线字体，仔细看会发现每个数字都包含着粗细变化。所以当有人拿了两个不同的款式，却有相同编码的古驰包包来卖，必然是假包无疑。
gcci风琴包是19年的。上市时间是2019年冬季，无夹层内部结构是主袋最长边20-30cm横款方形 有肩带，背包方式单肩斜挎风格休闲型号的。复古的风琴包包型方方正正，糅合70年代的经典双G标识与廓形，浓郁的酒红色，很适合即将到来的秋冬，亮面牛皮光泽感一流，满满的文艺复古气质。这款风琴包走的是中性风，随性又洒脱的风格实用又百搭。gcci
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This practice was considered detrimental to the great lords, since it deprived them to a certain extent the fruits of their tenure, such as escheats, marriages,wardships and the like."
From 28 Am Jur 2nd Estates section 4: "The effect of Statute Quia Emptores is obvious. By declaring that every freeman might sell his lands at his own pleasure, it removed the feudal restraint which prevented the tenant from selling his land without the license of his grantor, who was his feudal lord. Hence by virtue of the Statute, passed in 1290, subinfeudation was abolished and all persons except the King's tenants in capite were left at liberty to alien all or any part of their lands at their own pleasure and discretion. Quia Emptores is by express wording, extended only to the lands held in fee simple. Included in its applications, however are leases in fee and fee farmlands. Property in the U. S., with few exceptions, is allodial. This is by virtue of state constitutional provisions, organic territorial acts incorporated into legal systems of states subsequently organized, statutes and decisions of the courts. They are subject to escheat only in the event of failure of successors in ownership."
In the 1913 case of Miller v. Miller, the Kansas court stated: "Feudal tenures do not and cannot exist. All tenures in Kansas are allodial."
The Supreme Court of Michigan expressed the opinion that whether Statute Quia Emptores ever became effectual in any part of the United States by express or implied adoption or as part of the common law did not have to be ascertained. It was clear that no such statute was ever needed in Michigan or in any of the western states, because no possibility of reverter or escheat in the party converying an estate ever existed. At all times, escheat could only accrue to the sovereign, which in Michigan, is the state.
The Statute Quia Emptores was stated not to be in effect in the state of Pennsylvania in Cuthbert v. Kuhn
The New York Constitution makes any question of Quia Emptores moot by stating: "all lands within this state are declared allodial, so that, subject only to liability to escheat, the entire and absolute property is vested in the owners, according to the nature of their respective estates."
Legacy of Quia Emptores in United States Law
Although it is a matter of debate whether Quia Emptores was the effective law within the colonies, the effect of the Statute is still present in United States land laws. Without a doubt, the U.S. Constitution, and various state constitutions and legislative acts have made Quia Emptores moribund in fact. But the language of land law still sounds medieval, and takes its concepts from the time of Edward I and before. The following list of words common in U.S. land law are from Norman England (with their modern meaning in the United States):
- Alienation - "a sale"
- Appurtenant - "belonging to"
- Damnum absque injuria - "injury without wrong"
- Demise - "to lease" or "let" premises
- Enfeoff - "to give land to another"
- Estate - "an interest in land"
- Feoffee - "a party to whom a fee is conveyed"
- Feoffment - "physical delivery of possession of land by feoffeor to the feofee"
- Leasehold - "an estate in land held under a lease"
- Livery of seisin - "delivery of possession"
- Purchase - "voluntary transfer of property"
- Seisin - "possession of a freehold estate"
- Tenant - "one who holds or occupies the land under some kind of right or title"
- Writ of Fieri Facias - "writ of execution on the property of a judgment debtor"
The terms "fee", "fee tail", "fee tail estate", "fee tail tenant", "fee simple" and the like are essentially the same as they were defined in De Donis Conditionalibus in 1285.
There are four kinds of deeds in common usage:
- warranty deed, which contains covenants for title.
- special warranty deed in which the grantor only covenants to warrant and defend the title.
- deed without covenants in which the grantor purports to convey in fee simple
- quitclaim deed in which the grantor makes no covenants for title but grants all rights, title and interest.
- Plucknett, T, “Concise History of the Common Law”, p. 712- 724, Little, Brown and Co. 1956
- Stubbs Select Charters and Robertson, Laws of the Kings of England
- Plucknett, T. “Concise History of the Common Law”, p. 22-23, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1956
- Charter 1217, c. 39
- Coke, 2nd Inst. 65
- Plucknett, p. 23, ibid.
- Plucknett, p. 24, ibid.
- Charter, 1217, c. 39
- Coke, 2nd Inst. 65
- P & M, Vol . 1 p. 332, ibid.
- Bracton, f. 169 b, Notebook pl. 1248
- Glanvill, vii, 1, restated in Plucknett p, 526
- Pollock and Maitland vol. 1, pp. 335–6
- Pollock and Maitland, History of English Law, Vol 1., p. 329, Cambridge University Press, 1968
- Coke, 2nd Inst. 65; Co. Lit. 43a
- Wright, Tenures, 154
- Gilbert, Tenures, p. 51-52
- Blackstone, Com. Ii, 71-2
- Pollock and Maitland, Vol 1, p. 329, ibid.
- P & M, p. 129 ibid.
- Pollock and Maitland, p. 330-331, ibid.
- Glanvill, vii. 1
- Dr. Brunner, Pol. Science Quarterly, xi. 339
- P & M p. 332, ibid.
- Bracton, f. 23, passage “addicio”
- Bracton, f. 23
- Bracton, f.48
- Bracton, f. 45 b, 46
- Bracton, f. 169; Notebook pl. 1248
- Bracton f. 45 b-46 b
- P & M, p. 332, ibid.
- P & M, p. 332, ibid.
- Bracton f. 21 b
- Bracton, f. 81
- P & M, Vol. 1 p. 333, ibid.
- Bracton, f. 82
- Pollock and Maitland vol. 1, p. 337
- Pollock and Maitland, vol. 1, pp. 218–230
- Pollock and Maitland, vol 1, p. 337
- Pollock and Maitland vol. 1 pp. 355–366
- Megarry, Wade and Harpum (2012), The Law of Real Property (8th Edition), 3-015 (p.42)
- 6,NY 467; quoted in 28 Am. Jur 2nd Estates, §§ 3 and 4
- Case text repeated in 28 Am Jur 2nd Estates §§ 3 and 4
- Miller v. Miller, 91 Kan 1, 136 P 953
- Mandelbaum v. McDonell, 29 Michigan 78
- 3 Whart. Pa 357
- New York State Constitution Article 1; 12
- 28 American Jurisprudence 2nd Estates
- 61 American Jurisprudence 2nd Perpetuities and Restraints on Alienation
- Henderson, E. F., Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages, George Bell and Sons, London, 1910 (pp. 149–150)
- Holdsworth, W. S., A History of English Law, Little, Brown and Co., Boston, 1927
- Holdsworth, W. S., Some Makers of English Law, The Tagore Series, 1937–1938, Cambridge University Press, 1938
- Kirkalfy, A. K. R. Potter's Historical Introduction to English Law and Its Institutions, Sweet and Maxwell Ltd. London, 1962
- Plucknett, Theodore, A Concise History of the Common Law, Fifth Edition, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1956
- Pollock and Maitland, The History of the English Law, Second Edition, Cambridge University Press, 1968. Specifically, from Volume 1, pp. 332–335; 337; 354–356; 608–610; Volume 2 pp. 292–294
- Robertson, A. J., Laws of the Kings of England, Cambridge University Press, 1925
- Roebuck, Derek, Background of the Common Law, Oxford, 1990
- Stoner, James R., Common Law and Liberal Theory, University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, 1992
- Stubbs, W. H., Select Charters and the Illustrations of English Constitutional History, Clarendon Press, 1903
- The Origins of Property in Land Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges (McMaster University)
- Lyall, Andrew, "Quia Emptores in Ireland" in Liber memorialis: Professor James C. Brady, Round Hall Sweet & Maxwell, 2001, pp. 275–294.
- Quia Emptores legal history
- Quia Emptores (Yale)
- Text of the Quia Emptores as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from the UK Statute Law Database<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>19:08 - Nuovi raid della Nato hanno colpito le postazioni dei fedelissimi di Muammar Gheddafi a Bani Walid. Lo ha constatato l'inviato dell'agenzia Ansa sul posto, riportando che dalla città si sono alzate alcune colonne di fumo. Al check-point dei ribelli, circa 17km a ovest di Bani Walid, continuano ad arrivare ambulanze che trasportano ribelli feriti. I militari non consentono ai giornalisti di avanzare verso la città.
10.9.2011
Libia, nuovi raid su Bani Walid
Aerei Nato bombardano sedi lealisti
Le notizie del giorno<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>September 5, 2001
The summer of 2000 was a hot one in Mesa Verde National Park in southwestern Colorado. Not only was the weather hot and dry, but two lightning-ignited fires roared through forests of pinon pine, Utah juniper and Gambel oak, scorching 21,061 acres in the park and another 7,786 acres nearby. The Bircher Fire in the northeast corner burned from July 20 to July 29. Wetherill Mesa suffered heavy damage from the Pony Fire, which burned from Aug. 2 to Aug. 11. Luckily, the famous prehistoric cliff dwellings and pueblos suffered very little damage.
Mesa Verde National Park was established in 1906 for the “preservation … of the sites and other works and relics of prehistoric man … ” and is recognized as a World Heritage Site. Dwellings tucked in cliff alcoves typify the well-preserved ancient structures. Pithouses and pueblos lie spread across the mesa tops. Ancestral Puebloans thrived in this area from about 550 A.D. to 1300 A.D. More than 4,000 prehistoric sites have been identified within the park. Vegetation may still hide others.
Fire is common in Mesa Verde. The Park Point fire lookout receives more lightning strikes than anywhere else except one location in Florida, according to Will Morris, chief of interpretation at Mesa Verde. Much of the vegetation in the park is Gambel oak, pinon and juniper forests. Pinon-juniper forest tends to be fire-resistant. Typically, one tree ignites, less than one acre burns, and the fire puts itself out. However, if conditions are right, the fire will spread, especially if the wind kicks up and tree crowns ignite. Interspersed Gambel oak is very flammable. Since 1906, small fires have been suppressed by humans, probably contributing to the intensity of recent fires by creating an abnormal amount of fuels such as dense forests and tall undergrowth. The park continues its “no-burn” policy because there is only one road in the park and because of the wealth of archaeological sites. Major fires occurred in the park in 1934, 1959, 1972, 1989 and 1996 — all started by lightning.
Ancient inhabitants built their dwellings with sandstone blocks and log beams, and chipped their stories (petroglyphs) into sandstone walls. Fire inside the structures can burn ladders and beams. Packrat middens within sites are very flammable. Intense heat can bake the sandstone until it spalls, or peels off in layers, damaging petroglyphs and building stones.
While the summer 2000 fires raged, archaeologists donned their firefighting gear and accompanied fire crews, scouting for cultural remains as they tried to contain the voracious flames. They recommended locations for fire lines, trying to avoid any sites. If a fire line couldn’t be moved, they hurriedly noted a site’s location. The archaeologists’ knowledge of Mesa Verde’s terrain proved invaluable during firefighting efforts.
Wetherill Mesa suffered the most damage in terms of destruction of modern buildings. The Pony Fire devastated day-use facilities including rest rooms, a ranger station and visitor shelter. Four shelters that protected ancient pithouses and early pueblos were also destroyed, but the sites suffered no damage. The fire threatened several cliff dwellings, but only charred a few ladders in Step House and spalled some rock in the alcove. The ancient building stones remained unharmed. A bridge on the entrance trail was destroyed. At Mug House, the fire reached the alcove’s lip, but didn’t enter the dwellings. The fire burned above Long House, then below, but didn’t enter the alcove itself.
The Bircher Fire burned in some areas that had not been surveyed for archaeological sites. Valiant efforts by firefighters saved Morefield Campground from this fire. Prater Ridge Trail near the campground was scheduled to reopen in mid-summer after trail maintenance work is completed. The Park Point fire lookout was protected before the Bircher Fire raced over it. The lack of fuel in the adjoining area that is recovering from the 1996 fire actually helped end this large fire. About 23,000 acres of wildlife habitat were lost, including some Mexican spotted owl territory on the south end. An errant slurry drop killed fish in the Mancos River. On the positive side, the fire created edge habitat for mountain lions and ravens.
After the conflagration, a U.S. Department of the Interior Burned Area Emergency Rehabilitation (BAER) Team of scientists arrived to analyze the impact of the fires and suppression efforts and to recommend appropriate mitigation to prevent further damage. Their lengthy report documented damage to cultural and natural resources and infrastructure and prescribed rehabilitation measures. Funding of $3.2 million was then provided to Mesa Verde to start the proposed work that will take three to five years to complete. The BAER team also worked with the Ute Mountain tribe to assess the devastation and mitigate damage to soil, wildlife habitat and archaeological sites on the 6,808 acres that burned on their land south of the park. Another $301,000 will help the Utes and U.S. Bureau of Land Management with rehabilitation on their lands. Newly exposed mesa top sites pose the biggest potential problem.
“After a fire, the No. 1 culprit is erosion,” said Morris. “Any rain can erode walls and wash away artifacts taking them out of historical context for archaeologists. Rain can loosen roots of burned trees, which can fall over and knock down dwelling walls.”
An additional 35 archaeologists have been hired to assess damage, document exposed sites, and enter data into a database. After the 1996 Chapin #5 fire, 372 new sites were found. That fire burned close to 5,000 acres. The park anticipates 1,000 new sites may be found after the fires of 2000. In seven weeks in the fall of 2000, treatment crews worked in lower Morefield Canyon and Prater Ridge near Morefield Campground. Telephone and utility cables and two miles of guardrail were replaced. Crews worked on Wetherill Mesa this spring before it opened to the public on Memorial Day weekend.
Mitigation includes installing logs to stop erosion near any unprotected site and recording present status with a goal to stabilize it in its current condition. Building mortar may be replaced and water diverted to prevent flash floods across the site. Any exposed artifacts are documented. If human remains were uncovered by the fire, the crew reburies them in accordance with instructions given by tribal elders. Human remains are usually covered with soil and excelsior.
Morris added that exotic plant species such as Canada thistle and knapweed present a major problem after a fire. They grow in disturbed soil, out-competing native plant species and creating problems for animals dependent on the native plants. The BAER team recommended where to re-seed depending on slope, aspect and growth potential. The team identified appropriate species by location. Native seed, grown at a local nursery, was dropped by helicopter in the fall of 2000. Luckily, a snowstorm quickly followed, which helped soak the seeds into the ground. On Wetherill Mesa, newly seeded grass sprouted this spring. By quickly restoring native vegetation, exotic species will have less chance to become established.
The thick pinon and juniper forest that once blanketed Wetherill Mesa may take up to 300 years to re-grow. The forest will naturally re-seed itself.
Gambel oak regenerates from its own root system. Fire may actually stimulate its growth. Already this spring, tender shoots sprouted next to burned bushes, an interesting contrast of green and black.
On Wetherill Mesa, a new visitor shelter, including snack bar, information desk, bookstore and first-aid area, is ready for summer visitors. Shade structures were erected since trees no longer provide an escape from the intense summer sun. The tram is running and tours are being conducted in Step House and Long House. The trail to Nordenskioeld Ruin No. 16 was rebuilt in places.
Fuel reduction programs started in the park in 1993 and will continue. Trees have been thinned to 12-foot spacing not far from park headquarters on Chapin Mesa. Vegetation in front of Spruce Tree House, the best-preserved site in
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Popularity (downloads): 445<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>In the heart of Texas, Runnels County was formed in 1859 and organized in 1880.
It has 5 towns and several small communities.
Ballinger is the county seat.
The other towns include Winters, Miles, Rowena, and Wingate.
The population of the county in 1880 was 980.
In 1890 the population was 3,193.
In 1900 the population was 5,279.
In 1910 the population was 20,858.
The population of Runnels County has never exceeded 23,000.
Early Runnels County Birth Records
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Submit your Family Information for the following:
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to submit any Runnels County information you may have.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>دارالترجمه رسمی اسناد و مدارک حقوقی
دارالترجمه رسمی اسناد و مدارک حقوقی ایرنتکام ارائه دهنده خدمات ترجمه مدارک و اسناد حقوقی شرکتها و سازمان ها از قبیل اساسنامه، ترازنامه مالی، قراردادها، صورتجلسات مجمع عمومی، مناقصات و مکاتبات، موافقت نامه ها، معاهدات و دعاوی بین المللی می باشد. همچنین ترجمه عادی مقالات و متون تخصصی حقوقی به انگلیسی، فارسی ، عربی، کردی، روسی، آلمانی و سایر زبانها پذیرفته می شود.
شما هم اکنون می توانید فایل های متون حقوقی خود برای دارالترجمه رسمی ایرنتکام برای ترجمه از فارسی به انگلیسی یا زبانهای دیگر ارسال نمایید و یا حضورا به آدرس دفتر ما مراجعه کنید.
دارالترجمه رسمی اسناد و مدارک چیست؟
دارالترجمه رسمی موسسه ای است که در نظام حقوقی وظیفه ترجمه رسمی اسناد و مدارک مورد نیاز مراجع قانونی و دادگاه های مدنی و جزایی را انجام می دهد؛ اسنادی مانند قراردادها، پرونده های ثبت اختراع و نشان های تجاری، رونوشت های دادگاه و شهود، استشهادیه ها، اسناد ثبتی، گزارش های کارشناسی، تکذیب نامه های حقوقی، سوگندنامه ها، مقررات، قوانین، موافقت نامه های رازداری، گواهی ها و صورت های حقوقی، تصمیمات دولت و نظام حقوقی، اعتبار اسنادی، اسناد و مدارک فنی مورد نیاز برای تأیید دعاوی حقوقی، پروانه ها، اسناد دادرسی و حکمیت را در بر بگیرد.
باید به خاطر داشته باشیم که همه اسناد وقتی «حقوقی» می شوند که از نظام های قضای مدنی و جزایی بگذرند. در این صورت ترجمه رسمی آنها نیز که توسط دارالترجمه رسمی انجام شده باشد در مراجع قانونی کشورهای دیگر نیز قابل استناد می باشد. مثال های آن عبارتند از: گذرنامه ها، گواهی فوت، گواهی تولد، وصیت نامه ها و عهدنامه ها، اسناد مهاجرت، گواهی ازدواج، وکالت نامه، اسناد دادگاه، قراردادها، شکایت ها، قضاوت ها، استشهادیه ها، برگه های فرزندخواندگی، احضاریه ها، اقدامات قانونی، مدارک شراکت، قراردادهای فروش، اسناد ملکی، اجاره نامه ها، مجوزها، بیمه نامه ها، نشان های تجاری و کپی رایت ها، توافق نامه های خدماتی، التزامنامه ها، موافقت نامه های توزیع یا اسناد داوری.
پرسش اصلی این است که چه موقع لازم است یک سند توسط دارالترجمه رسمی بصورت رسمی ترجمه شود؟ پاسخ آن است که هر وقت قرار باشد آن سند توسط مراجع قانونی یا دادگاه ها برای رسیدگی به موضوعات و پرونده های حقوقی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. برای مثال، فردی که مایل است برای تحصیلات تکمیلی به بکی از دانشگاه های خارج از کشور برود باید مدارک رسمی خود اعم از مدارک شخصی و تحصیلی را پس از ترجمه توسط دارالترجمه رسمی به دانشگاه خارجی که یک مرکز قانونی است ارائه نماید. همچنین همین مدارک در رسیدگی به پرونده شخص در دادگاه که یکی از مراجع قانونی است مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد.
و اما چه کسی می تواند ترجمه رسمی اسناد و مدارک حقوقی انجام دهد و چطور بدانیم که مترجم اعتبارنامه ها و صلاحیت های انجام این کار را دارد؟ برای مثال، در بسیاری کشورها و از جمله ایران لازم است اینگونه اسناد توسط یک مترجم قسم خورده ترجمه شود. در موقع انتخاب یک نفر برای این کار، واقعاً اهمیت دارد که مترجم یا دارالترجمه صلاحیت یا تجربه حقوقی قابل اثباتی داشته باشد.
برای رسمی کردن یک ترجمه حقوقی، یک دارالترجمه رسمی باید قادر به گواهی کردن یا ثبت رسمی کارش با مهر مربوطه از کشور مطبوع خود باشد. ترجمه های حقوقی در دارالترجمه طبق قوانین کشوری که قرار است برای آن ارسال شود در دفترخانه ثبت رسمی شده و مهر زده می شود. یک ترجمه مصدّق (گواهی شده) ترجمه ای است که منضم به سندی دالّ بر درستی یا اعتبار آن می باشد.
ترجمه حقوقی قسم خورده، ترجمه ایست که مترجم قسم خورده ای که زیر نظر دولت خود فعالیت می کند، تمبر مخصوص مربوطه را در ذیل آن الصاق می نماید.
لینک کوتاه مطلب: https://tinyurl.com/y8f27n3y<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Top Definition
An undesirable man/woman who is in the act of checking you out.
That ugly bitch was quite the donkolator, don't you agree?
di Pete Karl 10 febbraio 2004
Inserisci il tuo indirizzo e-mail per ricevere la Parola Urbana del Giorno gratuitamente ogni mattina!
Le mail sono inviate da firstname.lastname@example.org. Non ti invieremo mai alcun messaggio di spam.×<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Il castello gode di una bellissima veduta paesaggistica su tutta la Conca Peligna
Il castello Cantelmo dovrebbe risalire all’epoca di Giacomo Cantelmo, fra il 1000 ed il 1015. Il motivo della costruzione dell’opera risale alle ricostruzioni ed i restauri voluti da Carlo I D’Angio per rafforzare le linee difensive. Dagli studi fatti sul posto ne emerge che prima dell’attuale torre a pianta pentagonale ce ne fosse un’altra alla cui poi furono unite delle cinta murarie per completare un impianto triangolare con due altre torri quadrangolari. La torre più a sud fu poi diminuita in dimensioni e inglobata in un torrione cilindrico ancora presente. Come è stato osservato gli interventi dell’età angioina non vanno per forza identificati in base all’impiego di torri cilindriche: il castello di Popoli presenta torri che si avvicinano alle opere fortificatorie eseguite negli anni Settanta-Ottanta del XIII secolo a Lucera e Melfi. È noto che
nel 1279-1280 Carlo I chiese al Giustiziere D’Abruzzo Guglielmo de Brunel operai e taglia pietre per la costruzione del castello di Manfredonia e, essendo stato Giustiziere D’Abruzzo anch’egli, Giacomo Cantelmo doveva essere ben informato sui programmi difensivi del suo sovrano. Negli ultimi anni del Quattrocento al fine di migliorare le difese di Popoli furono eseguiti i baluardi avanzati del castello, dei quali rimangono solo dei ruderi, mentre il torrione citato in precedenza dovrebbe essere poco in successione. Tale torrione appare dotato di casematte, merloni e feritoie che fanno pensare ai primi anni del Cinquecento: di qui le artiglierie potevano tenere sotto controllo il pendio e la vasta pianura a sud del sottostante paese.
Nel 1497 Restaino Cantelmo aveva ricostruito la torre dell’Aia di cui ci rimane un’immagine di una stampa ottocentesca dove è visibile il basamento a forma di scarpa con un redondone il quale è sovrapposto da un corpo cilindrico coronato da beccatelli. Benché il torrione dimostri somiglianze con la torre dell’Aia, l’assenza dei beccatelli lascia intendere che sia una costruzione ad essa successiva di pochi anni. Il 1497 è l’anno in cui Restaino fu riammesso nel possesso dei feudi che gli erano stati sottratti due anni prima dal cugino Sigismondo Cantelmo; nel 1503 Restaino si distinse nella battaglia di Cerignola, ove gli Spagnoli sconfissero i Francesi ed acquisirono il possesso del Regno di Napoli e, con un attacco notturno, riconquistarono Popoli che tornò in mani filofrancesi. Il castello fu poi trascurato, già verso la fine del Cinquecento servivano riparazioni. Fu continuamente trascurato per altri trecento anni e non si hanno più notizie fino al 1821, dove viene trascritto che del castello erano rimasti solo dei ruderi. Le mura subirono altri crolli con il possente terremoto del 1915. Esistono due modi per arrivare fino alla sua torre più alta e sono adatti sia per adulti che per bambini. Messa l’attrezzatura adatta per il trekking si parte. Il primo percorso è quello più lungo e dura circa un’ora. La partenza inizia lungo via Tiburtina Valeria dove c’è un parcheggio per lasciare le auto. Poi si inizia seguendo i vari cartelli rossi e bianchi che indicano tutto il tracciato lungo 7 km. Il secondo percorso è più facile e parte direttamente dalla Piazza della Libertà di Popoli. Dura circa 30 minuti e attraverso una strada scalinata si arriva piacevolmente alla cima del Castello dove la vista vi lascerà senza
parole.
Fonte: Popoli città d’arte e natura della Carsa Edizioni, www.terredibenessere.com
Autori: Roberto Flauto, Federico Palmerini, Andrea De Melis
Progetto: Alternanza scuola-lavoro con l’istituto Amedeo di Savoia di Popoli<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Along the west coast of Singapore is the 32,000 square metre campus of One World International School, one of the premier primary schools in Singapore. For some people, this big space just for a school seems a bit too much, that they are supposed to pay for the quality of teaching rather than the design and layout of a design.
However, what some guardians do not know is that how a school is built plays an important role in child’s learning. In fact, it has so much an influence that a study made by the University of Salford and the architects at Nightingale Associates found that student performance increased by 25% because of well-designed schools.
To understand what goes into a good school design, let’s explore how One World International School designed their campus.
Upon opening the website, one of the main features highlighted is that One World International School has a vibrant campus. They describe as providing students with a “dynamic environment”, the perfect place where students can learn, grow, and develop the skills needed to become prime movers of society.
The school uses a holistic education framework that puts weight on collaborative work. Students are not only expected to memorise their lessons, they should be able to share their ideas on the topics discussed in class with teachers and classmates.
For this reason, an adaptable learning environment is required. One of the ways this primary school did it is to equip each classroom with modular furniture to encourage teamwork. Students can easily group together and face each other while sharing their views.
The class is limited to 24 students at most to manage the noise level and to make the classroom more conducive to discussions. Other factors considered in its design include natural light, temperature, and classroom orientation.
Cutting edge technology
One World International School makes use of technology to aid the student’s learning. It has maximised all kinds of available tech for a better school experience, from iPad tablets to interactive LED screens, as well as good quality speakers and access control lockers.
Of course, with a 32,000 square metre property, there will always be an outdoor field that is accessible to all students and teachers. Well, make that 4 sporting fields, a miniature rainforest (with all kinds of flowers and plants), a Sensory Garden, and a Berms and Sand Pit.
This is to help students appreciate the natural world and help educators teach them the importance of taking care of the environment. It is also a welcome respite from the four walls of the classroom, a natural setting where both students and teachers can relax.
Not to mention, the outdoor fields encourage an active lifestyle. Students can easily organise small sporting events to keep them fit and healthy.
We forget that a school is not a military barracks. What they do is nurture a child’s natural curiosity; it should not be too bleak or rigorous that they fall out of love with learning. One World International School and the well-designed schools are now seeing a whole slew of students who enjoy learning and are more than happy to continue learning – all because of proper design.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>خطای 404 یکی از مرسوم ترین مشکلاتی است که بیشتر سئوکاران که به تازگی شروع به کار کرده اند، با آن دست و پنجه نرم می کنند. حتما شما هم با این صفحه آشنا هستید: شما بر روی یک لینک کلیک می کنید اما این لینک به جای انتقال به سایت مد نظر شما، یک خطا را نشان می دهد که صفحه درخواست شده در دسترس نمی باشد. معمولا «خطای 404، صفحه مورد نظر یافت نشد»، متنی است که در این صفحه نمایش داده می شود.
خطای 404 یک کد وضعیت استاندارد HTTP می باشد. پیام این خطا از طرف سرور وبسایت آنلاین به مرورگر وبسایت (معمولا کاربر) ارسال می شود که درخواست HTTP را ارسال کرده است. سپس مروگر این کد خطا را نمایش می دهد.
یک حقیقت خیلی مهم: لینک هایی که به هیچ جایی ختم نمی شوند با نام
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are above 0.8 can, in the same period and for the same unit of surface, produce at most a theoretical quantity of 10 tons of total dry matter.
Figure 1. Grading of climatic seasonality of some areas of the world (see text for explanation).
The conclusions are obvious:
1. In LDC areas with an essentially agricultural economy, climatic seasonality is undoubtedly the overriding cause of seasonal energy imbalance of the population, either through its impact on energy expenditure or on food energy availability, or on both.
2. The statement that seasonality is "... the rule among adults in rural areas of developing countries" (TEOKUL, PAYNE and DUGDALE, 1986) represents an unwarranted generalization.
3. In areas with non-seasonal or bimodal climatic conditions, major fluctuations of human energy balance are not to be expected.
4. As climatic seasonality increases, physical labour demand - and thereby energy expenditure - tends to concentrate in a brief annual bout. Food availability is limited in a similar seasonal manner. The two fluctuations are often asynchronous, compound each other's effect and cause marked seasonal imbalances of energy metabolism.
Profound and long-term physiological fluctuations of energy metabolism occur in several animal species: premigratory body fat deposition in birds, fattening in bears and marmots for hibernation, tail fat or hump fat reserves in certain sheep, zebus and camels provide examples of a purposeful accumulation of energy in the body in anticipation of regularly recurring energy deficits. In man, short-term fluctuations of energy balance probably occur all the time, in circadian rhythm, and his body appears to be well-equipped to mobilize stored energy. Body fat therefore may be legitimately regarded as a specialized organ, capable of correcting energy imbalance in the short term by mobilization of body energy stores to meet immediate needs as one of the early, if not the earliest, wholly physiological responses of the body. Serial data on body weight therefore should be an excellent operational indicator of the dynamics of energy metabolism and of adaptation mechanisms at work, in the context of seasonality.
Since children are the most vulnerable and sensitive members of the community, it is obvious to look at them in search of early symptoms of seasonal impact. Evidently, crude weight changes can not be a suitable indicator during childhood, but growth rates can represent an acceptable model for investigating seasonal pressures on the energy metabolism of the child, while birth weight can be an indicator of maternal and foetal energy status combined.
Seasonal differences in mean birth weight, ranging from 150 to 450 9, have been reported in several countries where marked seasonality in food availability and/or in work demand exists, such as rural Taiwan (ADAGE, 1984) and rural Gambia (PRENTICE et al., 1983) (Figure 2). The picture is complicated, however, by the unexpected fact that seasonal differences in birth weight have been reported also in areas where climatic and agricultural seasonality are small, if at all present (e.g., in New Guinea; CRITTENDEN and BAINES, 1986). To explain this observation, special external pressures were thought to operate, disrupting the fragile New Guinean ecosystem, and the precarious agricultural and socioeconomic system. This disruption supposedly resulted in a great amplification of the originally very modest seasonal cycling.
Marked seasonal differences in weight and in skinfold thick-nesses have been described in children of Sahelian pastoralist populations, the Wodaabe (LOUTAN and LAMOTTE, 1984) and the Ferlo (BENEFICE, CHEVASSUS-AGNES and BARRAL, 1984). AS can be seen in Figure 3, the impact on Ferlo children depends on age. Note that the growth disturbances occurred at different times of the year in the two ethnic groups, despite their shared geographic and climatic ecozone. This lack of synchronism highlights the complexity of the interaction between environmental seasonality and sociocultural, physiological and pathological variables. Upper Volta children living in a country with high seasonality index did not show the expected seasonal changes in their growth rates (SERRE, 1955). New Guinean children from the Nembi plateau (CRITTENDEN and BAINES, 1986) were also peculiar as they exhibited seasonal patterns of growth, in spite of the absence of climatic and agricultural seasonality (Figure 4). The picture in this case was further complicated by the observation that the children born during one part of the year with low birth weights, had a better postnatal growth performance than the children born in the "better" part of the year with higher birth weights. Seasonal patterns in growth performance were found to occur also in urban areas (TOMKINS et al., 1986), closely reproducing the rural pattern (ROWLAND, COLE and WHITEHEAD, 1977) with lowest increments during the rainy season, and compensatory catch-up growth during the dry months (Figure 5). These findings were unexpected because of the cash economy of the urban environment and the steady demand for women labour throughout the year.
In trying to understand these findings, several ideas have been put forward. Infectious diseases may play a major role in the urban Gambian environment (TOMKINS et al., 1986). For the New Guinean children of the Nembi plateau, the initial benefit of a higher birth weight during the "good" part of the year may be counterbalanced by an earlier exposure to weaning stress and the accompanying loss of passive immunity, because mothers resumed their field work when prevalence of infectious diseases was the highest of the year (CRITTENDEN and BAINES. 1986).
Figure 3. Seasonal growth performance of two Sahelian pastoralist populations:
- Wodaabe (LOUTAN and LAMOTTE, 1984): weight changes (in absolute values) of children aged 1 to 5 years.
- Ferlo (BENEFICE, CHEVASSUS AGNES and BARRAL, 1984): mean weight-for-height changes in different age groups.
In conclusion, seasonal fluctuations in birth weight and in infant and child growth performances have been reported from various parts of the world; they have been considered to reflect the seasonal occurrence of a powerful synergism between mother's workload and food shortages. However, the occurrence of fluctuations in growth velocities in areas of the world without seasonality suggests that factors other than primary energy imbalances may play an important role, namely the close interrelation between environmental seasonality, infectious diseases and sociocultural characteristics. Furthermore, it is impossible to evaluate the extent to which the observed growth retardation represents the direct expression of a primary perturbation of the energy metabolism of the child, rather than being an unspecific reactive body response to a multiplicity of environmental stress-ors. It is important to remember that seasonal fluctuations in weight and height gains have been described also in children of affluent societies, even when controlling for infectious diseases. This should be kept in mind when examining seasonal growth disturbances in developing countries, as a significant component of it "may be found to be due to factors other than lack of food or incidence of disease" (PAYNE, in press).
5. Weight and height velocities of urban children in The Gambia
during the dry and the rainy season (TOMKINS et al., 1986).
Adults differ from children insofar as they are relatively less prone to infectious diseases, have a better command over food intake, and a larger component of energy expenditure is dictated by obligatory physical activity in relation to work and social duties. Therefore, it is justified to regard seasonal changes in body weight of the adult population as an excellent proxy for energy imbalances, uncomplicated by interference of unspecific stress-ors and confounding variables.
Seasonal body weight fluctuations of adults have been recorded in several developing countries where a decrease in body weight has been observed during the preharvest "hungry" period, with a few notable exceptions to be described later. The postharvest "glut" generally led to a rapid recovery of the lost weight, and up to the highest yearly value. Rural populations, mostly farmers, but also some nomadic groups, have been studied more intensively. Most studies have been undertaken in Africa. We could not find any study of seasonal body weight changes of urban adults in developing countries. Only very few studies report not having found seasonal fluctuations of body weight, but it is not clear whether this is due to a lack of interest in reporting a negative finding rather than reflecting an actual rarity of such situations. Absence of seasonal weight losses have been reported by BIDINGER, NAG and BABU (1986) in a semi-arid tropical area with a high seasonality index in India, and by NORGAN and colleagues (1974) in New Guinea. The first case was tentatively interpreted as due to a drought which prevented recovery from previous weight losses (undocumented), the second can be explained by the low seasonality index of the study area.
Figure 6. Seasonal changes in body weight of adult men and women:
1) Upper Volta, farmers (ANCEY, 1974);
2) Upper Volta, farmers (BRUN, BLEIBERG and GOIHMAN, 1981; BLEIBERG, BRUN and GOIHMAN, 1980);
3) Niger, pastoralists (LOUTAN and LAMOTTE, 1984);
4) Senegal, farmers (GESSAIN, 1978);
5) Senegal, pastoralists (BENEFICE and CHEVASSUS-AGNES, 1984);
6) Senegal, farmers (ROSETTA, 1986);
7) Mali, farmers (BENEFICE and CHEVASSUS-AGNES, 1985);
8) Gambia, farmers (BILLEVICZ, 1981);
9) Gambia, peasants (PRENTICE et al., 1981);
10) Benin, peasants (SCHULTINK et al., in preparation);
11) Kenya, non-sugar farmers (COGILL, 1987);
12) Kenya, sugar farmers (COGILL, 1987);
13) Bangladesh, farmers (landless) (CHEN, CHOWDHURY and HOFFMAN, 1979);
14) Bangladesh, farmers (landowners) (CHEN, CHOWDHURY and HOFFMAN, 1979);
15) New Guinea, horticulturalists (CRITTENDEN and BAINES, 1986);
16) New Guinea, horticulturalists (SPENCER and HEYWOOD, 1983);
17) Burma, farmers (TIN-MAY-THAN and BA-AYE, 1985);
18) Ethiopia, peasants (FERRO-LUZZI, in preparation);
19) Zaire, farmers (PAGEZY, 1982);
20) Zaire, farmers (PAGEZY, 1984).
A crude summary of maximum yearly body weight fluctuations is presented in Figure 6. Seasonal studies in LDC are not easy to conduct, and, in spite of the apparent simplicity, obtaining reliable serial measures of weight in free-living adults throughout one year, is a task the difficulty of which should not be underestimated. This partially explains why, despite the growing concern of various disciplines and the recognition of the central position of weight changes as the best indicator of impact on human communities, there are so few comprehensive studies of seasonality.
Nomadic pastoralists of Senegal (BENEFICE, CHEVASSUS-AGNES and BARRAL, 1984), and Niger (LOUTAN and LAMOTTE, 1984) were found to lose 2.1 to 2.4 kg in women, and 2.7 to 3.1 kg in men. This represents about 4 to 5% of their body weight. African farmers show a similar variation, with losses ranging from 0.7 kg (equal to 1.4% of body weight; COGILL, 1987) to 3.8 kg (or 6% of body weight; ANCEY, 1974). Little serial body weight data is available for countries outside Africa: Burmese male farmers (TIN-MAY-THAN and BA-AYE, 1985) and Bangladeshi women (CHEN, CHOWDHURY and HOFFMAN, 1979) have been found to lose 5 and 3% respectively of their body weight.
A rather modest gender difference in body weight losses emerges from the analysis, women tending to have slightly smaller weight losses (1.4 to 4.6%) than men, who lose 2.3 to 6.4% of their body weight. New Guinea is the only place where women have been found to lose more weight than men; they also had a bimodal yearly weight change, while men followed a unimodal pattern (SPENCER and HEYWOOD, 1983) (Figure 7).
An interesting aspect of most of the reported values of seasonal body weight changes is that they are characterized by a very large interindividual variability. This suggests either large differences in exposure to seasonal stress within the same community, or alternatively the existence of non-uniform coping strategies. Two studies provide some insight into this issue, showing that the amount of weight loss might be related to initial body fat stores. In a rural group of women in Ntomba, Zaire, the more corpulent women were found by PAGEZY (1984) to tend to lose more weight than the leaner women. The correlation was not significant, but the observed tendency was supported by a similar correlation between skinfold thicknesses and amount of fat lost from the same site. Similar results were obtained in Benin, where the women with the highest BMI were the only ones to lose significant amounts of body weight (SCHULTINK et al., in preparation). Very recent data, describing the weight changes in a group of about 400 rural non-pregnant women in a seasonally bimodal area in Kenya, provide conflicting results (COGILL, 1987). Mean weight changes were very modest and the lean women (lowest quartile of BMI) had significantly greater changes (about 2 kg) than heavier women (highest quartile of BMI). Ethiopian women lost weight in quantities totally independent of their degree of fatness (FERRO-LUZZI, SCACCINI and DENTE, in preparation). No such evidence exists for men. However, most authors have reported that a small percentage of their study groups experienced a much more marked weight loss than the rest of the group. Unfortunately, no information is available as to whether these are the individuals with higher body fat reserves.
conclusion, while there is no doubt that body weight changes
occur, especially but not necessarily in areas of the world
characterized by a high seasonality index, these changes appear
to be rather modest, rarely exceeding 5% of the maximum yearly
value of body weight. The functional significance of weight
losses of this size is far from obvious, and it is legitimate to
question their impact on work capacity, on functional competence,
and on their power to initiate adaptive responses.
4.1. Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
4.2. Physical activity and energy expenditure
A decrease in BMR, persisting even after adjusting for body weight and fat-free mass (FFM) losses, represents one of the earliest and best known adaptive responses to energy deficit, and has been extensively described under experimental and controlled laboratory conditions. However, the seasonal impact on BMR has not been systematically investigated, and little can be found on this topic in the literature.
A study conducted in rural Gambia showed that 21 unsupplemented women, who lost 5 kg of body weight during the rainy period (Figure 8), lowered their BMR by a maximum of 50 kcal/d (LAWRENCE et al., in press). This drop is statistically significant (p<0.01), but obviously can have only a very doubtful energy-saving value. Furthermore, the drop appears to have slightly preceded the loss of body weight. Since there was a concomitant reduction of energy intake and thus an energy deficit, these findings suggest that BMR was as early a response to energy imbalance as the loss of body weight.
Women in Benin lost 1.5 kg between April and June, at the end of the rainy season, while their BMR did not change (SCHULTINK et al., in preparation). Ethiopian women lost about 1 kg and experienced a simultaneous decrease of energy intake. Their BMR appeared to follow energy intake changes more closely than body weight changes (FERRO-LUZZI, SCACCINI and DENTE, in preparation).
conclusion, the changes in BMR are neither consistent throughout
the various reports, nor biologically significant. Our
understanding of their meaning is limited, and it is hardly
possible to draw firm conclusions from these scarce and
conflicting data. Studies conducted by SUZUKY (1959) in Japan
revealed a significant seasonal fluctuation in BMR, closely
related to average temperature. There were also fluctuations in
energy intake, although it would be rather unlikely, given the
social status of the study subjects, that there were external
limitations to food availability. Therefore, as for growth
performance in children, it could well be that at least part of
the observed seasonal fluctuations of BMR in LDC may be explained
by factors other than energy imbalance.
The other potentially very powerful mechanism for saving energy (and thus likely to become operative under the stressful conditions of seasonal energy imbalances) is commonly held to consist in the reduction of physical activity. This mechanism seems so obvious that it is surprising how little scientific evidence exists that it actually becomes operative under real life conditions. And if it did, we do not know if it is voluntary or subconscious, if savings are made through reducing the tempo, decreasing the intensity, or increasing the mechanical efficiency, or if certain types of activities are reduced, and if so, which? Unfortunately, good survey material on the topic is too scanty to allow any firm conclusions, and we can only make some speculations.
General apathy, lassitude and torpidity have been described as characteristic of the spontaneous behaviour of the experimental subjects of the Minnesota Starvation Study (KEYS et al., 1950), but the special tightly controlled conditions under which the experiment was conducted do not allow extrapolation to free-living, real-life conditions. Anecdotal evidence has been reported in a few energy supplementation studies; all of it points towards an improvement in physical performance following energy supplementation (VITERI, 1971).
Figure 9. Extra energy spent (kcal/d) during peak agricultural season:
1) North Nigeria, labour sellers (LONGHURST, 1984);
2) North Nigeria, labour buyers (LONGHURST, 1984);
3) Upper Volta, farmers (BRUN, BLEIBERG and GOIHMAN, 1981; BLEIBERG, BRUN and GOIHMAN, 1980);
4) Upper Volta, farmers (ANCEY, 1974);
5) The Gambia, peasants (LAWRENCE et al., in press);
6) Machiguenga, peasants (MONTGOMERY and JOHNSON, 1977);
7) Burma, farmers (TIN-MAY-THAN and BA-AYE, 1985).
One crucial piece of information, required to understand the impact of seasonality on energy metabolism, is to establish the likelihood that adaptive mechanisms would be switched on by such modest weight losses as observed in the
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型机械厂认识了被怀疑是美国间谍而被拘留的尼古拉·伊利札洛夫（即蒋经国），并在两年后的1935年3月15日结婚。编辑摘要
基本信息 编辑信息模块
|中文名： 蒋方良||英文名： Фаина Ипатьевна Вахрева|
|别名： 芬娜·伊巴提娃·瓦哈瑞娃||籍贯： 前苏联西伯利亚|
|出生地： 叶卡捷琳堡||国籍： 白俄罗斯人|
|去世日期： 2004年12月15日||职业： 政治 总统夫人|
|病逝地： 台北荣民总医院|
简介/蒋方良 编辑
瓦哈瑞娃（亦称：菲伊娜·伊巴杰夫娜·瓦赫列娃，俄语姓名：Фаина Ипатьевна Вахрева，英语姓名：Faina Epatcheva Vahaleva），白俄罗斯人，台湾地区领导人蒋经国的夫人。
蒋方良出生于俄罗斯的叶卡捷琳堡（Екатеринбург），自幼双亲亡故，并由姐姐安娜抚养长大。由于她的父母是前沙俄贵族，因此被当时苏联的领导人斯大林关入劳改营。16岁时她在乌拉尔重型机械厂认识了被怀疑是美国间谍而被拘留的尼古拉·伊利札洛夫（即蒋经国），并在两年后的1935年3月15日结婚。
在台湾，蒋经国任职总统后，方良虽是第一夫人，却鲜少表现，有如传统中国深闺妇女。在整个政治生涯中，除了关乎国民党的重大事故以外，她通常与公众保持距离，因此外界对她所知甚少。
1936年12月，斯大林终于允许蒋经国回中国。在杭州被蒋介石和宋美龄接受后，他们到浙江溪口举行了第二次婚礼。除了学习汉语
蒋经国与蒋方良有三儿一女，三个儿子分别是蒋孝文、蒋孝武和蒋孝勇，女儿是蒋孝章。儿子都已经过世。而蒋孝章当初因婚姻不获家庭认同，已远居美国。
蒋方良生前一直反对章孝严及已离世的章孝慈（蒋经国与情妇章亚若之子）认祖归宗改回蒋姓。据媒体报道，当章孝严争取改回蒋姓时候，还非常惊讶的询问身边的人“怎么会有人要认祖归宗？”。但对于这件事情，蒋方良不知道多少，又知道多少？始终是个谜。蒋方良拒绝了国史馆的历史口述邀约，使得许多有关她的生平如今是无缘得知了。
2004年12月15日，因肺肿瘤导致呼吸衰竭，病逝于台北荣民总医院，享年88岁。
生平/蒋方良 编辑
距1935年3月俄罗斯少女芬娜与乌拉尔重型机械厂副厂长尼古拉的跨国婚礼已近68个年头，婚礼歌声早已远去，异国情缘的少女芬娜
走过蒋家媳妇的时光、走过 “第一夫人”的尊崇，蒋方良一生充满传奇色彩，令人好奇。
蒋方良多数时间戴着太阳眼镜，一头白发的耄耋老人比起当年冰天雪地下金发碧眼的俄罗斯少女芬娜，外型已有很大的不同。
1935年，她刚从工人工艺学校毕业到乌拉尔重型机械厂工作，处处受蒋经国副厂长照顾，而蒋经国也在到俄罗斯的第十年与蒋方良结下白首之盟。
1935年12月，蒋方良生下长子艾伦即蒋孝文，1938年再生女儿蒋孝章，蒋孝章后来嫁到美国做了俞大维的儿媳妇。蒋方良与蒋经国共育有三子一女，但蒋经国及她的三个儿子先后辞世，不论蒋家掌权时代或是政党轮替，不论威权体制、宫廷内斗或苏联解体告别冷战，蒋方良几乎从没有公开谈话，今天与往常的日子一样，她是完全无声地面对尘世。
念旧的蒋方良很少买新衣，她认为旧有的衣服补补就能穿了，而且生性俭仆的她请求厨房一天只要中午煮一餐即可，晚上烫热再吃。每年在蒋经国辞世纪念的这一天，蒋方良照例中午与儿孙们只吃一碗面，以一项简单的仪式纪念前人。
2001年6月，媒体曾传出七海官邸预订了赴美国的机票，有人揣测蒋方良可能赴美探视蒋宋美龄？或转机赴俄罗斯，回到她睽违多年冰雪故乡？但，当时的蒋方良反而因病住院，这数十年她没有踏出台湾。
蒋方良19岁就嫁给蒋经国，远离故乡到中国，再随蒋经国来到台湾。19岁的俄罗斯少女芬娜已经远了，白发素朴的蒋方良的身影也离我们远了……
从芬娜变成芳娘蒋孝章。在蒋经国死后，她的三个儿子也相继去逝。但是外界对于蒋方良知不知道蒋经国与章亚若的婚外情、什么时候知道的、又知道多少，始终是个谜。蒋方良拒绝了“国史馆”的口述历史邀约，使得许多有关她的生平如今是无缘得知了。至于章孝严，据闻他的身份证上“父亲”一栏已改成“蒋经国”，因此，当蒋方良离世以后，这个妨碍他改回蒋姓的唯一障碍已经消失。
晚景凄凉
虽然蒋方良是蒋家第二代唯一代表人，但蒋经国过世后，接连三子也相继离世，让蒋方良的悲苦人生，更添凄凉。年轻时活泼开朗的她，在台湾历经半世纪的日子，却少有声音，到晚年更让人忘了她的存在。
历经了丧夫、连续丧子之痛后，蒋方良最后几年的岁月，不仅精神上郁郁寡欢，健康状况更差，身上的病痛，包括慢性阻塞性肺炎、气喘、心脏病、糖尿病及轻微脑中风，以及上年八月发现的肺肿瘤。
蒋方良独自居住在台湾七海官邸，思念家乡，怀念亲人，长期寡言已成习惯。最近几年，由于年事已高，加上身体状况不好，只能坐着轮椅，更少出门，只有每年到慈湖谒灵时，才看得到她的身影。
在蒋经国去世后，她经济拮据，精神上也郁郁寡欢。 蒋方良追随蒋经国到中国大陆、到台湾，她一直努力想融入生活的环境，只是一直都来不及。但是无论如何变化，她还是选择留在台湾，因为这里是她永远和最终的故乡。
经历/蒋方良 编辑
1935年3月，这对异国恋人结婚。12月他们的儿子蒋孝文出生。1936年又添了女儿孝章。
1937年4月，芬娜的人生更有了转变，她远离故乡，和蒋经国回到了中国。蒋经国给她起了一个汉名“方良”。不仅如此，她必须适应中国的风俗习惯，并且要适应丈夫的“太子”身分所带来的种种变化。
1945年，蒋方良生下次子孝武。
1948年，三子孝勇诞生。
1978年蒋经国就任总统，蒋方良从当年的副厂长夫人，成为台湾的第一夫人。但是在生活上，蒋方良一直保持着低调，她鲜少在媒体露面，台湾百姓对她极为陌生。她与一位平凡无怨的主妇毫无不同，当丈夫经常加班或出差时，她只管把家庭照料好，虽有佣人，却常亲自动手洗窗帘。蒋方良和蒋经国一样，生活上不改当年在乌拉山区的简朴习惯。
1988年蒋经国逝去之后，打击接踵而至，三个儿子的相继过世。
1989年，因糖尿病长年卧病在床的长子孝文，患咽喉癌过世。
1991年，患有慢性胰腺炎的次子孝武突然暴毙。
1996年在12月的酷寒中，蒋孝勇在病房与母亲永别。
2000年，与蒋方良亲如姊妹的佣人“阿宝姐”，在服侍蒋方良五十多年后，回到大陆定居，蒋方良为此情绪低落。她的女儿孝章则长年定居美国。众所同情的，蒋方良是一位痀偻孤寂的孀妇，似乎只有在1992年当她接见白俄罗斯首都明斯克正、副市长，才是她神情最开心的一天。
家庭情况/蒋方良 编辑
个人轶事/蒋方良 编辑
1936年蒋经国的处境十分不利，苏共中央通知乌拉尔党委会撤除蒋经国的副厂长和《重工业日报》主编的职务，并且取消他苏共候补党员的资格。刚结婚而且有了儿子的蒋经国失去了工作，生活顿时成了问题。这段艰苦的日子一共维持了6个月，一家三口只有依赖蒋方良在工厂做工的微薄工资过活。蒋经国被革职时，正好是蒋介石调派大军准备对陕北红军展开最后攻击的一刻。不过西安事变和平落幕后，国共关系好转，中国内部矛盾整合完成，开始集中力量对抗日本帝国主义。此时，蒋经国写了一封措辞强烈的信给斯大林，要求立刻返回中国，没想到一周后便获得批准。
1937年，蒋方良和蒋经国抱着儿子回到浙江溪口，拜见蒋经国的母亲毛福梅。此时取了个中文名字叫"方良"，即端庄友孝的意思，生活作风跟着调整。毛福梅为儿子和媳妇补办了中国婚礼，穿上旗袍的蒋方良从此不再是活泼多言的俄罗斯少女，而是克勤持家的中国媳妇，学习中文，学讲宁波话，伺候婆婆。 1949年跟着丈夫迁到台湾，成了台湾最有权势男人背后不现身影的女人。
多年来，尽管蒋经国地位显赫，其仍甘为平凡之家庭主妇，从不介入政治，亦很少在公众场合露面，深受台湾舆论界称道。
蒋家的女人/蒋方良 编辑
蒋家的女人大多长寿，宋美龄过世时已年逾百岁，蒋方良也年近九十高龄；但蒋家的男人却相反，蒋介石和他的两个儿子蒋经国、蒋纬国都早已先后过世。而他的4个孙子蒋孝文、蒋孝慈、蒋孝武、蒋孝勇，蒋家第三代的4个男人都已先后去世。 如今蒋家的男人，只有蒋经国次子蒋孝严（蒋经国与侧室章亚若子）和蒋纬国的儿子蒋孝刚，以及作为蒋家第四代的蒋孝严的一个儿子、蒋孝慈的一个儿子、蒋孝武的一个儿子、蒋孝勇的3个儿子了。在女眷中，除了蒋方良外，蒋纬国夫人丘如雪也已80有余；第三代还有蒋孝章(蒋经国独生女)、徐乃锦(蒋孝文夫人)、黄美伦（蒋孝严夫人）、赵申德（蒋孝慈夫人）、蔡惠媚(蒋孝武夫人)、方智怡(蒋孝勇夫人)。也就是说，蒋家第二和第三代的8位女人仍都在世，不过其中6位寡居。
蒋方良虽是一位没有声音的蒋家遗孀，但她面对人生逆境表现出的坚强和毅力，却是蒋家的儿孙们的表率，更是蒋家六位遗孀的精神支柱。
传奇爱情
她和蒋经国是在苏联认识的，那时的蒋经国正在莫斯科留学。二人在婚后先后生下孝文、孝章、孝武、孝勇三男一女，全家人和睦幸福地生活在台湾。蒋介石对于这位身材高大、金发蓝眼、高鼻梁的俄罗斯媳妇，起先有些不习惯，在此之前，蒋经国曾写信告诉他父亲这桩婚事，蒋孝文出生的时候，还寄了一组黑白照片给他，所以，他对蒋方良还不算陌生，直到发现她完全符合中国传统妇女的要求，是标准的贤妻良母型，蒋介石相当高兴，于是替她取了一个中国名字，叫“芳娘”，这也等于是对这位媳妇的肯定。1988年蒋经国去世后，三个儿子也相继去世。接连不断受到打击，蒋方良过着孤寂的晚年。蒋方良行事低调，深居简出。蒋经国在世时，蒋方良公开露面的时机，不外乎两个场合：一个是蒋经国出访时，她会到机场迎送，或有外宾来访时，她迎送宾客和出席宴会；另外一个时机是每逢大小选举，她和蒋经国总是一道去投票。
蒋经国于1925年底，也就是他刚满16岁的时候，由蒋介石批准到莫斯科去留学。没想到蒋经国这一去几乎回不了中国，且差不多要了命。但蒋经国在苏联幸运地遇到了蒋方良女士，结为异国鸳鸯，而蒋方良也由此改变了她一生的命运。
1931年，苏联发生大饥荒。消费品、食用品，如鱼、肉、糖、肥皂、牙粉、鞋、袜等，不论城市农村，一概奇缺，蒋经国被送到农村体验生活。这对蒋经国来说是一次严峻的考验。以后，蒋经国又到工厂去工作。在工厂里，蒋经国节节高升，被任命为工人航空学校招生委员会的主席，为工厂写“改良工厂生产组织建议书”。翌年，晋升为副厂长，兼工厂报纸的主编。事业得意，并带来了爱情，在他管理下的一位女工，芳名芬娜小姐，慧眼独具，看上了蒋经国。芬娜是个孤儿，金发蓝眼，有一种俄罗斯少女特有的魅力。不久前，刚从工人技术学校毕业，处处受到尼古拉(蒋经国的俄文名)副厂长的悉心照顾，内心感激不已。蒋经国卧病，她悉心奉侍汤药，情意绵绵。1935年3月，在悠扬的《国际歌》声中，一对异国情侣结下白首之盟。
据日本人所写的《人间蒋经国》一书记载，蒋经国是在1934年担任重型机械工厂作业所主任时，认识蒋方良的，当时蒋方良刚自技术学校毕业。有关蒋经国认识蒋方良的经过，台湾曾流传了一段神话般的故事。故事说，在蒋经国派到那家工厂做工的时候，有一晚加班到11点多，很晚才回家，回宿舍
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مدیركل صنایع خودرو و نیرومحركه وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت در انتها خاطرنشان كرد: همینطور دست اندركاران حوزه صنعت و تولید هم باید بیشتر از پیش دقت كنند تا در این فضای حساس بهانه دست بهانه جویان داده نشود، تولید ما كه با افتخار و كسب سهم بیشتر از ارزش افزوده به پیش می رود و در این جنگ اقتصادی پیروز خواهد شد.
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نظرات بینندگان در مورد این مطلب<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Microscopy objectives are a key element composing the microscope as they determine both the magnification and the resolution of the system. However, good microscopy objectives are also expensive. For instance, the 4x Olympus Plan that I have used previously, and which offers a lateral resolution of 3 µm, is sold for a little less than $250US at [∞] ThorLabs. Objectives that have higher resolution power, such as the 100x Nikon Plan Fluorite with immersion oil offering details down to 0.25 µm, are clearly out of reach for the amateur with a price of about $2700US. As an order of magnitude, the resolution limit to visible microscopy is on the order of 0.2 µm so this last objective belongs to the best you will find.
In this post, I will show how middle-range microscopy objectives can be efficiently replaced by camera lenses at a fraction of the cost. By middle-range, I mean magnification ratio below 20x and resolution power of about 1 µm. For the tests, I have been using an old 50 mm Nikkor-S Auto f/1.4, a Nikkor AF-S 35 mm f/1.8 and a NAVTAR 6 mm f/1.4 in conjunction with a 200 mm, 2”, doublet achromat lens imaging a sample onto a monochrome camera with 5.2 µm pixels. To quantify the lateral resolution obtained, I have used a USAF-1951 resolution target. Don’t worry if you don’t understand every bits here, I will make it clearer in the following.
Microscopy objectives and camera lenses have a lot in common in how they are built. They are both composed of an assembly of several lenses whose roles are to compensate the various optical aberrations that you would get with a single spherical lens (that I often call “stock lenses” on this website). To make things easier, these assemblies can both be seen as a single, perfect, lens with an equivalent focal length and an equivalent aperture diameter. Microscope objectives and camera lenses are referenced by these two values or variants of these.
In the case of camera lenses, all the values are clearly labelled onto the lens. A schematic representation of camera lenses is given on Figure 1.
Your camera lens may slightly differ from the one of Figure 1 but don’t worry, you can still use it. Basically, you will find a focus ring that will change the position of the lens inside the case (take a look at the back of your camera lens while you are turning the focus ring) and an aperture ring which controls an iris inside the lens. A large iris corresponds to a large aperture and a small iris corresponds to a small aperture. The value is coded as the f-number which is defined as the focal length divided by the aperture of the lens. All camera lenses allow reducing the aperture by a large amount but its highest opened value is fixed by the construction of the lens. This largest aperture is always given in the specification of the lens; for instance, a 50 mm f/1.4 such as used here has a focal length of 50 mm and a f-number of 1.4, leading to a maximum aperture of 50 mm / 1.4 = 36 mm. You may not have an aperture ring on your camera but don’t panic, just locate the small spring-loaded pin at the back of the lens as it controls the iris as well. If you have a lens with no aperture ring, you will have to fix the pin at the back of the lens with some rubber band.
Finally, the lens ends with a mount that is specific to the manufacturer. Here, I have represented a Nikkon F-mount with its bayonets on Figure 1.
Please note that the focal length of the camera lens should be taken from the back of the lens and not from its front. So in all your experiment, make sure that the back of the camera lens is pointing to the sample. This is a very common mistake when using camera lenses with short focal lengths.
Concerning microscopes now, most of them are built by placing the sample at the focal plane of the objective. The image is then formed at the focal plane of the second lens (the tube lens) which is here a 200 mm, 2”, achromat doublet. The focal length of the tube lens is manufacturer-dependent but is usually 180 or 200 mm. When using this microscopy setup configuration, the magnification is given by the ratio of the tube lens and the microscopy objective focal lengths. For example, an Olympus Plan 4x has a equivalent focal length of 45 mm which makes the magnification ratio 4x with a 180 mm tube lens and 4.5x with a 200 mm tube lens. You are free to use custom focal lengths for the tube lens at conditions that will be highlighted later.
From the diffraction theory, we expect that the ability of the optical system to resolve two points that lies on the same optical plane (an optical plane is an imaginary plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the system; or parallel to the plane of the lens if you prefer) will be a function of the wavelength of the light, the distance of the plane to the lens and the aperture of the lens. Smaller wavelengths (i.e.: blue or violet light) will show more details than longer ones (i.e.: red light), closer objects will show more details than farther ones and larger apertures will show more details than shallower ones. In the case of the microscope setup used (infinity corrected microscope) we know that the object distance on the optical axis is equal to the equivalent focal length such as represented on Figure 1. If you want to know more about the maths, have a check at books like Shamir’s Optical Systems and Processes (Spie Optical Engineering, 1999).
Figure 2 gives a schematic representation of the equivalent lens which is then written as a line with arrows at each ends. The optical axis is perpendicular to the lens and passes by the lens centre. Furthermore, the lens has an equivalent diameter and focal length as discussed previously.
The quantity controlling the resolution of the system is the numerical aperture (NA) which is related to the maximum cone of light caught by the lens from an emitter that would be located at the position of the object:
following the notations of Figure 2.
The transversal resolution of the objective is then given by the Rayleigh criterion:
where ∆x is the smallest distance that can be resolved on the object plane and λ is the wavelength of the light used.
When buying a microscopy objective, the manufacturer will tell you the numerical aperture directly. For instance, the 4x Olympus Plan discussed previously has a numerical aperture of 0.1 which lead to ~3 µm of lateral resolution when using blue (475 nm) light. In the case of camera objectives, we have to use the f-number to compute the numerical aperture. Analysis of Figure 2 allows us to write a formula to transform the f-number, f/#, into a numerical aperture:
So, using blue light, a f/1.4 lens has a maximum transversal resolution of about 0.86 µm, a f/1.8 lens 1.08 µm, a f/2.8 lens 1.65 µm and so on. This was verified experimentally by manually closing the aperture of the Nikkor-S 50 mm to various f-stops using the aperture ring and repeating the experiment with a blue LED source (475 nm), a green one (525 nm) and a red one (625 nm). The effective resolution (at the camera sensor) was estimated for each case using the 2D Fourier spectrum of the image. The sample used is a resolution test target US Air Force 1951 which is a known standard for resolution measurements. Example images along with their Fourier spectrums are given for f/5.6 and f/16 as an illustration on Figure 3 (under blue light).
Although it is relatively difficult to estimate the resolution on the image directly, a look-up on the Fourier spectrum gives an accurate measurement of the highest spatial frequencies found in the image and therefore gives the transversal resolution of the system once the magnification ratio is known (4x here).
The complete results were summarized in Figure 4. As expected, smaller wavelengths gave sharper images than the longer ones and lower f-numbers gave better resolution too. However, I was not able to check the values below f/4 because the transversal resolution became smaller than the size of a pixel (the figure is given relative to the sample and so the size of a pixel was divided by the magnification ratio, i.e.: 5.2 µm/4).
Still, the Rayleigh criterion was verified for the other points except that the const factor was found to be 0.26 instead of 0.61. This can be explained by how the 0.61 factor was derived from the maths when compared to how we analyze resolution and it has little consequences here.
As a conclusion, the key quantity to select a camera lens as microscopy objective is its f-number. But because life is hard, low f-number lenses are larger, more difficult to manufacture and then, obviously more expensive. For example, the Nikkor AF-S 35 mm f/1.8 cost about $200US and the same lens but with f/1.4 goes above $1800US! Fortunately, there are good other camera lenses such as the Nikkor AF-S 50 mm f/1.4 and the Sigma 30 mm f/1.4 (untested) at about $400US. If you are lucky, you can even find a Nikkor-S Auto 50 mm f/1.4 for a little more than $100US on e-bay! But the real surprise comes here with the C-mount camera lens NAVTAR 6 mm f/1.4 that I have bought last year on [∞] ThorLabs for less than $150US and for which I have measured an effective transversal resolution of 0.89 µm (0.86 µm expected from the Rayleigh criterion) in the experiments done here with the resolution target.
You may ask: “why should I buy the NAVTAR 6 mm which is a bit more expensive than the Nikkor-S 50 mm knowing they have the same numerical aperture and hence the same transversal resolution?”
Well, this is true but you should remember that the magnification is given by the ratio of the objective and the tube lens focal lengths. Also, we are limited in the recording resolution by the size of the sensor pixels which is 5.2 µm here (it may be different for your camera sensor so remember to adapt the computations). To prevent aliasing from happening, we would like that the transversal resolution of the system span over at least 2 pixels. You can do more than two but you will reduce your field of view for no more details (this is called empty magnification). The ideal magnification ratio is then a function of the transversal resolution and the size of the pixel elements:
with psize the size of one pixel on the camera sensor and ∆x the transversal resolution.
If we apply the formula on our f/1.4 lenses, we get an ideal magnification ratio of 12.1 when using blue (475 nm) light and 5.2 µm pixels. With the 6 mm lens, this requires a tube lens of about 75 mm (75/6 = 12.5). On the other hand, with the 50 mm lens, we would have to use a 600 mm tube lens which is not realistic. To be more exact, it is not realistic but also not even wanted because at such distance the numerical aperture of the tube lens will decrease and we will start to impair the resolution due to this second lens. Mathematically speaking, we would like that the numerical aperture of the tube lens should be higher than the numerical aperture of the first lens divided by the magnification ratio. This is usually enforced with 2” lenses up to 200 mm.
As a conclusion, we should then favour small focal length over larger ones for a given f-number.
For this last reason, I would recommend the NAVTAR lens because it matches all the requirements of our system: small f-number and small focal length. So if you have some time, go check what lenses you can find for C-mount cameras, they definitively worth spending some money on them![⇈] Top of Page
You may also like:<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>本文地址：http://www.nozda.com/lishi/68258.html
文章摘要：亨利八世与凯瑟琳有什么关系 ,桃李之教温暖刻制,长街短巷正数旁文剩义。
亨利八世 凯瑟琳
亨利八世、凯瑟琳是夫妻，凯瑟琳是亨利八世的第一任妻子，也是英国亨利八世在世时的第一位王后，两人的婚姻维持了24年之久。之后因为凯瑟琳终身没有儿子，这对于盼子成痴的亨利八世来说很失望，便提出离婚接受了两人的婚姻。
亨利八世
亨利八世离婚案是从1525年开始，直到1533年才得以结束。随着英国与西班牙的关系日益恶化，亨利八世对自己的婚姻也逐渐产生了不满。而且亨利八世一直盼望着有一个儿子，而他的王后凯瑟琳已年过40却还只有一个女儿玛丽，所以对此亨利八世对凯瑟琳更加不满，他觉得都铎王朝将要面临断绝的危险。所以在1525时，亨利八世就已经有了要离婚的想法。在1527年，亨利八世爱上了在法国宫廷受过教育，十分聪明，而且倾向于宗教改革的安妮·博林。于是亨利八世就下定决心一定要离婚，就向当时的罗马教皇提出批准。因为当时的教会规定，国王的婚姻问题一定要向罗马教皇批准，才能是合法的。
而当时罗马教皇完全受查理五世的控制，而凯瑟琳是查理五世的姨母，所以查理五世就利用教皇使用各种手段，阻止亨利八世与他的姨母离婚。之后，亨利八世就转向全国要求改革的乡绅，希望能得到他们的支持，于是在1529年就罢免了沃尔西，召集了“七年会议”并开始实行宗教改革。1530年时将离婚案一事提交到欧洲各大学讨论，但终究没有结果。1533年时博林因为怀孕，所以亨利八世与博林秘密结婚，因此英国大教主宣判亨利八世与凯瑟琳的婚姻到此为止。
所以到了1533年，亨利八世离婚案终于告一段落。
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بر اساس قانون، معامله صوری که به قصد فرار از دست طلبکاران انجام شود و به واسطه آن اموال بدهکار به نام نزدیکان او منتقل شود، جرم است.
گاهی اوقات افراد برای آن که از دست طلبکاران خود فرار کنند و نخواهند بدهیهای خود را پرداخت کنند، اموال خود را طی یک معامله صوری به نام اقوام ردیف اول خود منتقل میکنند. این معامله که به طور صوری انجام میشود برای آن است که فرد دادگاه را فریب دهد که مالی برای تسلیم ندارد و به طلبکاران خود بگوید که مالی ندارد تا بتواند بدهی آنها را پس دهد. اما انجام این معامله آنقدرها هم که از نام آن برمیآید، ساده نیست، زیرا دادگاه
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，一堆年轻人，一起演各种喜剧话剧，里面的人才济济，要说马丽，我感觉不止是开心麻花一姐，更可以是当今喜剧一姐了！ 马丽，喜剧之女王， 搞笑 之天使！ 首先说一点，我一直不认为，演喜剧就要长丑长胖，越洋气的人，演出喜剧来才更好看 （比如宋丹丹，年轻时多漂亮！） 说起我心目中，我感觉，当之无愧的第一女笑星 应该是马丽 英文名字Mary ， 说实话，东北的马丽！（台词） 记得有一次，沈腾还客串马丽的孩子呢！坐车里，演大宝宝 当时我就说 ，这女演员又洋气又漂亮又演的收放自如，又可爱又洒脱，按照正常情况，应该会大红特红 果然，她加入了开心麻花，真就成就了她“当家大花旦”的地位 她在春晚小品的亮相，真是光芒四射，《今天的幸福2》《扶不扶》《投其所好》，真的感觉，是她和沈腾在互相印衬，俩人的表演真是棋逢对手，锣鼓相当。 把整个小品，演的真是熠熠生辉 接下来，她转战大荧幕，开心麻花推出的大电影《夏洛特烦恼》，我个人认为是最近最好的喜剧，既轻松快乐又让人深省，笑点密集，句句引爆全场。 当时，我们坐在黑压压的观众里，大家都笑的前仰后合，多好看呢，我是考到了硬盘里，没事拿出来就笑上一大顿 后来的《羞羞的铁拳》，再一次奠定了她 搞笑 功底 偷偷说一句，西红柿首富和李茶的姑妈，之所以没有前俩部可笑，真的就感觉是缺少了马丽的缘故 开心麻花是个极其优秀的团队，里面所有人，都具备自己的特色，但是他们天天磨合，都能互相碰触出新一轮笑点。 马丽就是这个团队超强的催化剂。使笑点爆炸，使剧情更加 搞笑 。 说实在的，其他女主的加入，破坏了珍贵的整体氛围，有点莫名其妙之感 言而总之总而言之，我认为马丽是当之无愧的喜剧一姐。希望她能发展的越来越好！ 原谅我实在想不到除了马丽以外，还有谁可以被称为开心麻花的“一姐”。 在开心麻花成为“近些年国产喜剧电影的扛把子”之前，其实知道开心麻花这个团队的观众并不多。而在开心麻花里，最早走进广大观众视野的两位演员，一个是沈腾，另一个就是马丽，而他们走进观众的舞台，是春晚。 全国人民有多少不看春晚，看过春晚的人又有多少不记得郝建？ 就这样，在开心麻花还没将它的“魔爪”伸向喜剧电影之前，马丽和沈腾就在春晚上跟观众混了个脸熟， 而且是三届 。 开心麻花的强势崛起当然离不开2015年的爆款电影《夏洛特烦恼》。因为这部电影，开心麻花成为了这些年最成功的喜剧电影公司，也是因为这部电影，沈腾和马丽成了开心麻花最大的功臣。 2017年的喜剧片《羞羞的铁拳》，由马丽饰演女主角，也正是这部电影，再次奠定了开心麻花暑期档霸主的地位。 去年的《西虹市首富》，女主演宋芸桦携着她的台湾腔和一直想睁圆的大眼睛带资进组，成为了电影最大的败笔，而电影上映后，观众们最多的疑问就是——马丽去哪了？ 这样的疑问，是广大观众对于马丽的肯定，以及对马丽和开心麻花出品的喜剧电影不可分割的认同。 马丽去哪了？ 去年，马丽参演了电影《来电狂响》，上了两档真人秀，最重要的是——马丽又一次站上了春晚的舞台。 事实上，对于现在的马丽来说，是不是开心麻花的“一姐”已经不重要了，实力和票房号召力并存，即便脱离了开心麻花，她也是一位优秀的演员。 开心麻花的成功，最本质还是在于其坚持剧场表演所积累的人气，有人气了就可以摸准观众口味，进而扩大商业版图。于是小品电影加 娱乐 节目，开心麻花如今呈现的状态是百花齐放欣欣向荣。 首先来看一姐的定义，在演艺圈中，一姐指的是某公司女演员中的老大，人气不必最高，重要的是资历。显而易见，元老级别的马丽就是开心麻花实实在在的一姐。 只是一姐的身份并非一劳永逸，在开心麻花最近上映的两部电影中，观众们都没有看到马丽的身影，《李茶的姑妈》明显是为了捧新人，所以这部可以忽略。 可《西红市首富》女主不是马丽，这就让人有点大跌眼镜了，因为从这部电影立项开始，马丽就明里暗里被宣传成女主的不二人选。值得注意的是，电影上映后，马丽也并没有帮其宣传。 官方给出的说法是这个角色并不适合马丽，或许最终的女主人选确实清丽可人，也没有太多 搞笑 戏份。 但谁又能说马丽就不能胜任呢？本身话剧出身的演员演技就更富张力，何况马丽是其中翘楚。 而且重点是：马丽虽说在很多喜剧小品里扮老，比如《扶不扶》，但她并不只是谐星，也并不是真的老。 这次的换角究竟对马丽有没有打击，观众们自然不得而知，但从马丽越来越瘦装扮也越来越凸显女性魅力来看，马丽自己恐怕也有些感慨，对接下来要走的路感到两难。 本身女性做喜剧，做出彩就比男性困难得多，这往往需要她们舍弃爱美的本性和靓丽的本真。比如贾玲，曾经也是眉目如画浅笑嫣然，如今却甘愿为了谐星的身份保持吨位。 可马丽不同，她要走的本就不仅仅是谐星路线，正剧可以有，悲剧也可以有，这就要求她不能一味保持适合喜剧的形象。 可绝大多数观众都是通过喜剧小品认识的马丽，所以马丽如果不做谐星，也就失去了一部分个人特色和观众基础。 而且马丽表演喜剧，风格本身就有些固化，大多都是用 搞笑 的语言、固有的语调来进行表演，再配上她标志的魔性笑声。 时间久了观众难免审美疲劳，所以寻求突破，这就是马丽目前面临的最大困惑。 对于走出困惑的马丽，观众们自然拭目以待，无论接下来马丽会以什么形象，带来什么样的作品，科班出身的她本人就是品质的保证。 只是无论她怎么选择，开心麻花一姐这个位置，马丽当仁不让。 好的演员不必迎合观众，但他们的精彩观众们自会看在眼里。 一姐也好，二姐也罢，这些名号固然于演员本身比较重要，可不停进取，敢于尝试，这才是演员给观众带来的最大福利。 马丽 作为喜剧演员好像还蛮受欢迎的，但平时生活中马丽实际上是一个比较低调的人， 她和她的老公也很少出现在大众的视线之中 ，不过这一次却抓拍到了他们在机场的造型，两个人的穿着风格都十分的低调， 一身黑色的look看起来十分神秘，而且马丽这身黑色的西装穿在身上更显得酷飒时髦 ，她老公的选择了一身黑色运动套装，也显得极其的休闲。 西装套装是一种比较时髦的服饰，虽说看起来有一些单调，但实际上它却是永恒的经典，不容易过时，马 丽这一身黑色西装套装的搭配也值得借鉴 ，因为黑色西装穿在身上会觉得十分成熟和稳重，再加上oversize的版型更能够演绎出大大咧咧的即视感。相比紧身的西装来说更加时髦； 马丽真会穿！身穿黑色西装look现身机场酷劲十足，美出新高度。 甚至还可以学习马丽配戴上墨镜以及戴着棒球帽，黑色的墨镜和黑色棒球帽看上去特别和谐，款式虽然比较简单，但是却并不烂大街，反倒是能够体现 时尚 感，并且提升整个造型的时髦度，她的老公也选择了一身黑色的运动套装，刚好能够让两个人相互呼应起来，显得非常的恩爱哦。 阔腿裤的搭配一直以来都比较受欢迎，像马丽尝试黑色阔腿裤搭配黑色的帆布鞋，也能够悄然之间展现出休闲和随性的气质，她老公搭配的鞋子是小白鞋，经典而且大方，舒适度极高，百搭还好穿。 ①马丽的各种搭配 休闲风 其实在 时尚 圈之中，格纹和条纹元素一直都很流行，无论是格纹西装还是条纹衬衫，仿佛都是时髦界不可或缺的单品， 马丽这一次就尝试了一件条纹衬衫 ，洋气的色彩可以显白，而且条纹元素看上去十分的简洁，里面搭配了白色吊带，也能够进一步凸显出层次感，让整个穿搭看上去极其休闲。 ②针织衫搭配 气质女神在秋冬季节最喜欢的单品就是针织衫呢，不过针织衫的穿搭也有很多小技巧可以学习，马丽尝试这种墨绿色的针织衫披在肩膀上，当作披肩来穿会显得十分的温柔而知性，里面搭配了黑色连衣裙，更能够相互呼应起来，展现出了她的完美身材。 ③西装连衣裙搭配 马丽平时生活中其实比较喜欢中性风的穿搭，所以她往往不会考虑裹身连衣裙和鱼尾连衣裙，而是考虑这种最简单的西装连衣裙，版型周正，看上去也十分的干练，而且西装连衣裙的风格相对来说更多变，可盐可甜，可飒可美。 马丽 尝试过的西装连衣裙设计感大多数都很强，就例如下面这条白色西装连衣裙，可能纯白色看上去比较单调，可是裙摆的流苏元素加持却瞬间提亮了整个造型，带来了别具一格的感觉， 这种流苏元素仙气飘飘 ，而且还能够展现出灵动的感觉，可以让你走路带风啊。 马丽确实是一个 时尚 弄潮儿，她的穿衣风格很多变，而且和电视里面的她完全不一样，可能你们都已经开始学习马丽的这些穿搭了吧，也可以在她的穿搭上面做出一些改进哦。 泻药，可以说是麻花团队当之无愧的“一姐”了。 加入“开心麻花“之前，马丽是个小剧场演员，中戏毕业，科班出身，曾经跟濮存昕一起配戏演夫妻。 据说，沈腾有一次偶然看见马丽的话剧表演，觉得很有灵气，力邀加盟。果然，经过小剧场话剧打磨多年的她，在开心麻花的舞台上大放光彩，成为“麻花一姐”。 这些年来，马丽除了2000多场话剧，还演了不少影视剧。跟冯远征一起演《男媒婆》，跟姜武演《伙伴夫妻》，与众多演技派前辈同台时毫不露怯。 长期以来，观众早已习惯女喜剧演员的“扮丑“，似乎不丑不土就不可能 搞笑 。但马丽却能在角色中保持自己的美，而在美丽中同样达到良好的喜剧效果。她的表演，再夸张也让人觉得自然。 马姑娘1982年出生，今年35岁了。 假如其他女演员到了这个年纪，必然要开始面对事业的年龄瓶颈，但对于一个真正的好演员来说，却不用担心这个。 因为，每一分每一秒的新鲜记忆，都是岁月用来丰富她表演经验的礼物。 开心麻花是舞台剧居多，每个演员的舞台表演功底都比较深厚。马丽参加春晚和各种 娱乐 节目，她表演的风格也受到大家的喜爱，个人觉得说马丽是开心麻花一姐一点也不为过。
马丽是不是开心麻花的一姐？
马丽是当之无愧的开心麻花一姐。 马丽1982年出生在辽宁，是正经的中央戏剧学院科班生，毕业后又进入北京大学林兆华戏剧研修班继续学习深造，在深造完毕之后进入了小剧场工作。直至2005年前后，刚刚成立开心麻花没多久的沈腾在无意中看到了马丽的表演，认为其表现颇具灵性，便力邀她加盟团队。而马丽也欣然前往，成为了为开心麻花初步开疆扩土的老员工之一。 经过小剧场多年打磨的马丽，自然有一身真本事。在开心麻花工作的日子里，和其他演员们奉上了不少颇为经典的表演与剧目。随后，她便在2009年登上湖南卫视跨年晚会与何炅一起表演了小品《超幸福鞋垫》，获得粉丝喜爱的同时，也为开心麻花赚取更多的关注。 2013年，马丽与沈腾连续三年登上春晚舞台，献上了作品《今天的幸福2》、《扶不扶》、《投其所好》。这三部作品反响强烈，至今还让观众津津乐道，与此同时，也帮助开心麻花逐渐打开了知名度。 2015年，马丽随沈腾与贾玲、宋小宝等人一起参加了第一季欢乐喜剧人，再次扩大了开心麻花的影响力。同年，开心麻花拍摄的首部喜剧电影《夏洛特烦恼》上映，马丽与沈腾分别饰演男女主角，该片最终票房直逼15亿，可以说是当年暑期档的一匹黑马。隔年，《羞羞的铁拳》上映，马丽与艾伦在其中献上了精彩的表演，同时电影票房也再创新高，收获了21.9亿。 综上，我们或许可以说开心麻花从默默无闻到如今的众人皆知、口碑优良，其中的每一步马丽都不可或缺。这样一位功勋员工，“一姐”不是她还能是谁呢？
马丽老公是谁
马丽老公是许文赫。两人年龄相差11岁，许文赫，出生于1993年，毕业于解放军艺术学院戏剧系，中国内地男演员、导演。2017年1月11日，许文赫与比他大11岁的演员马丽公开恋情。2018年4月11日，两人领证结婚，并各自在微博发出喜讯。2019年12月1日，许文赫的妻子马丽在微博发文宣布怀孕。2020年5月10日，马丽宣布已经生下儿子。马丽，1982年6月28日出生于辽宁省丹东市宽甸满族自治县，先后毕业于中央戏剧学院表演系、北京大学戏剧研究所，中国内地
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Length of current synodic month is 2 hours and 17 minutes longer than the mean length of synodic month, but it is still 4 hours and 46 minutes shorter, compared to 21st century longest.
This New Moon true anomaly is ∠145.4°. At beginning of next synodic month true anomaly will be ∠170.2°. The length of upcoming synodic months will keep increasing since the true anomaly gets closer to the value of New Moon at point of apogee (∠180°).
10 days after point of apogee on 4 July 2076 at 16:02 in ♌ Leo. The lunar orbit is getting closer, while the Moon is moving inward the Earth. It will keep this direction for the next day, until it get to the point of next perigee on 17 July 2076 at 05:58 in ♒ Aquarius.
Moon is 366 974 km (228 027 mi) away from Earth on this date. Moon moves closer next day until perigee, when Earth-Moon distance will reach 358 186 km (222 566 mi).
1 day after its descending node on 14 July 2076 at 12:03 in ♐ Sagittarius, the Moon is following the southern part of its orbit for the next 11 days, until it will cross the ecliptic from South to North in ascending node on 27 July 2076 at 08:20 in ♊ Gemini.
15 days after beginning of current draconic month in ♊ Gemini, the Moon is moving from the second to the final part of it.
At 12:55 on this date the Moon is meeting its South standstill point, when it will reach southern declination of ∠-24.329°. Next 13 days the lunar orbit will move in opposite northward direction to face North declination of ∠24.331° in its northern standstill point on 28 July 2076 at 15:14 in ♋ Cancer.
After 1 day on 16 July 2076 at 10:12 in ♑ Capricorn, the Moon will be in Full Moon geocentric opposition with the Sun and this alignment forms next Sun-Earth-Moon syzygy.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>One of the most influential and clear-cut economic concepts is “comparative advantage.” As significant and simple as this concept is, however, it seldom seems to inform public discussions of international trade. Almost everyone “knows” that we can’t compete with countries that have cheap labor—if we have free trade with such countries either wages will be driven down or many workers will lose their jobs. As Will Rogers once observed, “It’s not what people don’t know that is the problem, it is what they do know that’s not true.” Lee, Dwight
Understanding comparative advantage has the same effect on concerns about
free trade as water had on the Wicked Witch of the West. Free trade with other
countries (regardless of how much or little their workers are paid) doesn’t
increase unemployment or lower wages. Indeed, one of the best ways of
increasing the wages of U.S. workers is by allowing them to compete with
workers (even very low paid workers) in other countries through free trade. Lee, Dwight
The most simple case for free trade is that countries have different
absolute advantages in producing goods. One really good example that I found is that, because of differences in soil and climate, the United States is superior at producing wheat than Brazil, and Brazil is superior at producing coffee than the United States. Evidently both countries are superior off when Americans produce wheat and exchange a portion of it for some of the coffee that Brazilians produce.
But does this indicate that a country with an absolute advantage in the production of a good should at all times produce that good rather than import it? No, as the English economist David Ricardo first explained in the early 1800s. A country can have an absolute advantage in the production of a good without having a comparative advantage. Comparative advantage is what determines whether it pays to produce a good or import it.
Free trade refers to the lack of limitations...<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Does excess gas cause you embarrassment and discomfort?
You may feel that you pass a lot of gas, or just suffer from bloating and crampy abdominal pain. You may feel this pain in areas where gas can become trapped, such as in bends in the colon, which occur naturally in the area under the liver (upper to mid-right part of the abdomen), and in the area under the spleen (upper to mid left part of the abdomen).
WHERE DOES ALL THIS GAS COME FROM?
There are two main sources of intestinal gas: gas that is ingested (mostly swallowed air) and gas that is produced by bacteria in the colon.
It is normal to swallow a small amount of air when eating and drinking and when swallowing saliva. Some of that air comes out through belching and some moves on to the small intestine. Belching is more common with certain foods that relax the sphincter around the lower end of the esophagus where it joins the stomach, like peppermint, chocolate, and fats.
The colon normally provides a home for billions of harmless bacteria, some of which support the health of the bowel. Did you know that there are more bacteria than human cells in your body? Certain carbohydrates that are incompletely digested by our body’s enzymes are “eaten” by those bacteria instead. The by-products of this process include lots of different gases.
A condition called bacterial overgrowth can increase the number of bacteria and cause excess gas production.
But most people who complain of excessive gas do not produce more gas than the average person. Instead, they are more aware of normal amounts of gas. People with IBS (irritable bowel syndrome) and FD (functional dyspepsia) are especially sensitive, for example.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Copri borraccia termico universale. Ideale mantenere la temperatura dell'acqua dentro la borraccia/bottiglia costante.
Se bagnato con acqua fresca, aiuta a mantenere l'acqua fresca durante le uscite estive.
Pratico: tiene pochissimo posto. Universale: si adatta ad ogni borraccia.
Può essere utilizzato anche come polsino tergi sudore.
Disponibile con design a righe o a quadretti, in varie colorazioni<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>به گزارش ریچ بورس، فرابورس ایران آخرین روز کاری هفته منتهی به بیست و هفتم اردیبهشت ماه را با میزبانی از داد و ستد یک میلیارد و ۴۹۰ میلیون ورقه بهادار به ارزش نزدیک بیش از ۷ هزار و ۶۱۷ میلیارد ریال به پایان رساند، که ارزش این مبادلات نسبت به روز گذشته بیش از یک هزار میلیارد ریال افزایش یافته است.
معامله گران در بازارهای اول و دوم به ترتیب ۱۰۸ و ۵۸۴ میلیون سهم را به ارزش ۴۵۰ و ۲۵۰۱ میلیارد ریال دست به دست کردند.
معامله گران سهام همچنین در بازار پایه بیش از ۵۵۶ میلیون سهم را به ارزش افزون بر ۲۱۶۹ میلیارد ریال جا به جا کردند که در این میان بیشترین حجم مبادلاتی در تابلو الف و بیشترین ارزش مبادلاتی در تابلو ب این بازار نقل و انتقال یافت.
بیشترین حجم و ارزش در میان نمادهای بازار پایه ای نیز به نماد «لکما» متعلق به شرکت کارخانجات مخابراتی ایران اختصاص یافت.
از سوی دیگر در میان اوراق با درآمد ثابت، اوراق منفعت صبا اروند ملت در نماد «اروند ۰۸» بیشترین حجم و ارزش مبادلاتی را به خود اختصاص داد.
در مجموع روز جاری بیش از ۸ میلیون و ۲۶۰ ورقه به ارزش افزون بر ۸ هزار و ۷۶۳ میلیارد ریال در بازار اوراق با درآمد ثابت، تغییر مالکیت یافت.
نگاهی به خرید و فروش اوراق تسهیلات مسکن در آخرین روز کاری این هفته نیز نشان می دهد که طی روز جاری بیش از ۷۷ هزار ورقه تسه به ارزش بالغ بر ۳۹ میلیارد ریال دست به دست شده است که معامله گران، بیشترین اقبال را نسبت به اوراق تسهیلات مسکن فروردین ماه ۹۸ نشان دادند.
تمامی اوراق تسه منتشر شده توسط بانک مسکن، امروز چهارشنبه ۲۵ اردیبهشتماه در بازه قیمتی ۴۹۳ تا ۵۴۵ هزار ریال معامله شدند که بیشترین قیمت مربوط به تسه دی ماه ۹۶ بود.
نگاهی به سایر نمادهای فرابورسی نشان می دهد که نماد معاملاتی دو شرکت صنعتی بهپاک و سرمایه گذاری توسعه و عمران استان کرمان در حالی بیشترین افزایش قیمت را به همراه داشتند، که نمادهای «غشهداب» و «زاگرس» تا سقف ۴٫۲ درصدی با بیشترین افت قیمت رو به رو شدند.
همچنین در میان نمادهای پرتاثیر بر شاخص کل فرابورس، دو نماد معاملاتی «زاگرس» و «مارون» مجموعا با ۱۴ واحد اثر منفی بر آیفکس، بیشترین نقش را در افت ۴ واحدی این نماگر ایفا کردند.
در سمت مقابل، نمادهای «کگهر» و «کرمان» با بیش از ۶ واحد اثر مثبت بر شاخص کل فرابورس، مانع از افت بیشتر آن شدند تا در نهایت این شاخص در ارتفاع ۲۵۸۳ واحدی قرار گیرد.
منبع: بورس۲۴<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>
فلز زردرنگ طی هفته گذشته 55 دلار به ارز خود اضافه کرد.
قیمت طلا طی هفته ای که سپری شد رشد قابل توجهی را تجربه کرد تا به بالاترین قیمت طی 3 ماه و نیم اخیر رسیده باشد.
هر اونس طلا در بازارهای جهانی هفته گذشته را با قیمت یک هزار و 118 دلار به پایان رسانده بود اما روز گذشته در پایان هفته اخیر به یک هزار و 173 دلار در هر اونس رسید.
بر این اساس در هفتهای که گذشت بهای طلا 55 دلار افزایش یافت تا رشد 4.9 درصدی را تجربه کرده باشد.
در طول هفته ای که سپری شد بازار نفت نوسانات اندکی را سپری کرد. قیمت نفت برنت دریای شمال که هفته را با 34 دلار و 74 سنت آغاز کرده بود آن را با قیمت 34 دلار و 6 سنت به پایان رساند تا تغییرات اندکی در قیمت طلای سیاه اتفاق افتاده باشد.
فلز زرد رنگ اما تحولات مهمی را پشت سر گذاشت.
در حالی که ارزش دلار به دلیل تردیدها درباره تداوم سیاست افزایش نرخ بهره از سوی فدرال رزرو آمریکا کاهش پیدا کرد، قیمت طلا قوی ترین رشد هفتگی طی یک ماه گذشته را به ثبت رساند.
وضعیت متزلزل اقتصاد جهانی موجب افزایش تقاضا برای خرید طلا شده و فلز زرد را به یکی از دارایی ها با بهترین عملکرد در سال 2016 تبدیل کرده است. قیمت طلا از ابتدای امسال تاکنون حدود 10 درصد رشد داشته است.
دیگر فلزات گرانبها نیز از قیمت طلا دنباله روی کرده اند. قیمت نقره و پالادیوم به بالاترین رقم ها در چند ماه گذشته رسیده است.
روند افزایش طلا این هفته پس از آن شدت گرفت که یک مقام ارشد فدرال رزرو آمریکا گفت، باید وضعیت مالی انقباضی و تضعیف چشم انداز اقتصاد جهانی در تعیین سیاست پولی آمریکا مورد نظر قرار گیرد.
افزایش حجم دارایی های اس پی دی آر گلد تراست، بزرگترین صندوق سرمایه گذاری در بازار طلا، ادامه داشت و روز پنجشنبه به 22.3 میلیون اونس یعنی بالاترین رقم از اواخر اکتبر رسید.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Object of the Game
During the six rounds of the game, place your divers in order to gain the upper hand in the five great domains that are Science, Exploration, Navigation, Engineering and War.
The player who has won in the most domains will be declared the winner at the end of the game.
The gameboard is placed between the two players.
The Diver cards are shuffled then placed in a pile at the front of the Nautilus, face down.
The special cards are shuffled then placed in a pile at the back of the Nautilus, face down.
The Domain cards are shuffled. Five of them are placed faceup on the five empty spaces of the game board.
The remaining cards form the draw pile which is placed next to the game board, face down.
One of players gets the Nemo token, thus becoming the first player of the round.
Preparation of the Round
Before starting a round, each player gets 5 Diver cards, which they look at secretly.
Then the first player draws two special cards.
After having looked at them, the player keeps one and gives the other to his or her opponent.
Some special cards can be played at the beginning of the round and others during the round.
To start, the first player places one of their Diver cards face up, along the Nautilus and in front of a Domain card, either on their own side or on the side of their opponent.
Then, it's up to that opponent to do the same and so on until the 10 spaces (5 on each side of the Nautilus) have been filled by a card.
Some Diver cards have movement arrows: horizontal (#7 and #8) or vertical (#6 and #9). When they are played, these cards MUST cause a movement action, unless there is no possible movement matching the direction of the arrow.
At the end of the round, the value of the Diver cards placed face-up, on both sides of the Nautilus, will determine who gets the Domain cards in play.
End of the Round
The round ends as soon as all 10 spaces on both sides of the Nautilus have been filled by a card (Diver or special).
The Domain cards are then awarded. A player gets a Domain card when the value of the Diver card on their side is higher than that of the one on the opposite side.
There is one exception to this rule: the Diver card of value 1 (with a crab on it) always wins against the card of value 14.
End of Game and Scoring
The game ends at the end of the 6th round, when the pile of Domain cards is empty.
Each player takes the pile of Domain cards won during the game. In each of the 5 domains (Science, Exploration, Navigation, Engineering, War),
the players will compare their totals: two stars are worth 2 points, one star is worth 1 point, an ink blot removes 1 point from the concerned domain.
The player with the highest points score in a domain wins that domain.
The player who wins most domains wins the game.
"Domain cards" option:
- Visible: all collected domain cards by players are visible (by default).
- Hidden: collected cards by player are visible and collected cards by opponent are hidden.
Some Features of This Adaptation of the Game
Duration of the game is 6 rounds by rules, but in this adaptation the game can proceed less 6 rounds.
It can happen when one of players has won 3 of 5 domains at end of one of rounds.
Player won the domain at end a round if:
1. He has gained 4 or more score points in the domain (during all previous rounds including current round).
2. He has gained 3 score points in the domain and domain card with -1 point(ink blot) already was played off (already in hand of one of players).
It was done to end a game and not to play superfluous rounds when one of players already won a game.
At end of game each player gets 1 victory point for each domain won (domain won by player when one of two conditions was executed, see above).
Total score of a game is number of domains won by each player.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The Tradition of Salute in Indian Army
The tradition of a salute has huge importance in the army. But do you know how the tradition begun or what a salute means? When a soldier salutes his superiors, his right hand goes up on his forehead with his palm showing. What this means is that he has no weapon hidden up anywhere and that his intentions are good.
The practice started with the soldiers of the defeated forces, who would greet soldiers of the victorious army in this manner. To begin with, the forces of the Indian Army and the Indian Air Force would keep their palms open while doing the salute, the soldiers of the Indian Navy would turn their palms slightly inwards.
The reason for this was that the palms of the naval soldiers were usually soiled by oil or dirt on the ship deck and they did not want to show their dirty palms to their superiors. Now the IAF soldiers have also started turning their palms slightly inwards – akin to the manner in which the US Air Force personnel do the salute.
Not for an individual, the salute is for the uniform
A salute is a form of respect not to an individual, but to the uniform and the designation of the officer concerned. Elaborate rules have been laid down to define the manner in which an official would do the salute ; and about the protocol of rank for officers who will accept the salute. If a junior officer salutes his seniors, only the senior-most of the officers will acknowledge and return the gesture. If officials of all the three forces are present, the senior-most of them will return the salute. The Indian Army is considered the senior-most, followed by the Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force.
What a Guns Salute means
In the olden times, a guns salute was given to a very important person; or by the defeated ship to the victorious one. The meaning of a guns salute was that the defeated ship had fired off and exhausted all its fire-power. A guns salute is usually of odd numbers, as even numbers were considered inauspicious.
Until a few years after Independence, there was the tradition of giving a 31-guns salute to the President. Later, the numbers were reduced to 21. On important occasions, the national flag is also given a 21-guns salute.
The military honors of giving a guns salute at the last rites of a deceased officer started with the belief that the evil spirits emanating out of the dead body would be pushed off into a distance.
Women and the Ship
The Navy has a tradition of getting commercial ships inaugurated at the hands of a recognized woman. You may remember that when India's first indigenously developed submarine was launched off at the Vishakhapatnam port in July, 2009; the honors had been done by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s wife Gursharan Kaur.
A ship is considered to be a female form. This is the reason that in the English language, a ship is referred to she and her. In the Western countries, ships are launched by opening champagne bottles, but in India the honors are done in a traditional way by breaking coconuts and offering flowers to the gods.
Another interesting aspect is that the front part of ships has two eyes designed on them. Ships that do not have the eye design are considered inauspicious.
Ships are not launched off on Thursdays in the Western countries, as that day is considered inauspicious. Varun is
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Saunalar, banyo ve her türlü solaryum temizlemeden sonraki ilk hafta kaçının
Bu durumda, cilt üzerindeki tüm etkilerin doğal bileşenlerin yardımı ile birlikte cildi olumlu yönde etkilediğini söyleyebiliriz. Ancak hamilelikte bir kadın bir hormonal yeniden yapılanma yaşadığı gerçeği göz önüne alındığında, yüzünü temizlemek için daha fazla denetim yolları seçmelidir.
İdeal ve kullanışlı:
Yüz Temizleme Romashka
Tuz, Şeker, Kahve ve Soda Scrubs
kil, jelatin maskeleri
Cilt nemlendirici meyve suyu suyu
Kolay mekanik temizlik
Konumdaki kadınlar, ciddi müdahalelerin önlenmesi ve hormonların "tesviye" olduğu zaman beklemelidir. Belki de sadece bu zamana kadar, cildiniz daha az duyarlı hale gelecektir.
Yüz temizliği nasıl yapılır: ipuçları ve yorumlar
Belirli bir yüz temizliği türünü seçmeden önce, bir kozmetik uzmanı veya dermatolog danışmanlığı elde etmek gerekir. Minimum olarak, sorunlarınızın ne kadar ciddi olduğunu ve eliminasyonlarının olası sonuçlarının ne kadar ciddi olduğunu bilmelisiniz.
Yüz temizliği, tüm sıhhi standartlara uygun olarak yapılmalıdır, çünkü enfeksiyonun olası artması sadece probleminizi ağırlaştıracaktır. Ellerinizi sabunla iyice yıkayın ve çivileri alkolle temizleyin.
Yüzünüzü düzenli olarak şişebilir hücrelerden temizlerseniz, yeni bir cilt katmanının maksimum faydalı madde elde etmesine izin verirsiniz. Beslenme olan cilt hastalıklara ve iltihaplara daha az eğilimlidir.
Video: Yüzün kombine cepleri, prosedür nasıl?
Cildin güzelliği ve sağlığının temeli saflığıdır. Agresif dış faktörlerin etkisi altında, gözenekler bloke edilir, cildin esnekliğine göre, erken yaşlanma, erken yaşlanma, komedonlar, sivilce, hiperpigmentasyon ve çeşitli kusurlar vardır.
Tüm bunları sınırlamak için, cilt düzenli ve iyice temizlenmelidir. Bu durumda yıkama yapamayacak, yüzünü temizlemek gerekir. İyi bir yüz temizleme, yağın gözeneklerini engelleyen kiri ortadan kaldırır, ölü parçacıkları yüzeyden ortadan kaldırarak cilt pürüzsüzlüğünü döndürür. Yüz kadife ve sağlıklı olur.
Bu yüzden yüz temizliği, en popüler ve istediği kozmetik prosedürlerden biri olmaya devam ediyor. Bugün birçok temizlik - lazer, kimyasal, vakum, ultrason, mekanik, mikrokristalin (mikrodermabrazyon) vardır. Her görüşün kendi özellikleri ve artıları vardır.
Yetkili bir kozmetikolog her zaman, her bir durumda nasıl ve ne sıklıkta yüzünü temizlemenin daha iyi olduğunu belirlemeye yardımcı olacaktır. Bununla birlikte, manuel yüz temizleme çok popüler kalır, çünkü cildi çeşitli ek prosedürlere hazırlar ve büyük bir kontrendikasyon listesi yoktur.
Mekanik temizlik prosedürünün açıklaması
Mekanik veya manuel yüz temizleme, kirleticilerin cilt yüzeyinden bir mekanik olarak çıkarılması işlemi anlamına gelir. Böyle bir prosedür basitlik ve verimlilik ile karakterizedir. Kursunda, doğrudan parmakların yardımı veya özel döngüler ile uzman kişi, gözeneklerin tüm içeriğini ortadan kaldırır.
Yüzün mekanik temizliği acı verici bir prosedürdür, ancak etkinliği çok yüksektir. Yağlı bir cilt tipi için mekanik temizlik uygulamak özellikle önemlidir, sadece prosedür sırasında antiseptik bakım kurallarının yapıldığından emin olmak önemlidir.
Bir yandan, kabinde manuel temizlik, bilinen tüm ev yapımı sıkıcı sivilceden farklı değildir, ancak bir fark vardır ve o devasadır. Uzman, gözeneklerin bütünlüğünü bozmadan, gözeneklerin bütünlüğünü bozmadan ve çok sayıda antiseptik ilaç uygulayarak, gözeneklerin içeriğini güvenle sıkar.
Yüzü temizleme yöntemi en dikkatlidir, gözeneklerin en derin temizliğidir, ancak tüm hastalar dayanamayabilir.
Endikasyonlar, kontrendikasyonlar, prosedürlerin artıları ve eksileri
El temizleme yüzleri için ana tanıklık:
uzatılmış gözenekler;
yağ bezlerinin hiperaktivitesi;
Akne'nin varlığı;
Sayısız komedonun ortaya çıkışı;
ciltte azaltılmış ton;
kablolama, milios ve diğer kusurların varlığı;
Siyah sivilce oluşumu.
Yüzün mekanik temizliği için kontrendikasyonlar çok fazla değildir, hepsi bir akut dermatit formunun, herpetik hastalıklar, egzama, alerjik bulgular, adetleme süresi ve premenstrual sendromun varlığında (duyarlılıkta artış), cilt örtüsünün kuruluğu, Furunkulosis, kırılgan damarlar, enflamatuar süreçlere, bronşiyal astım, hipertansif hastalık, kan hastalıklarına eğilimler.
Önemli kontrendikasyonlara rağmen, hastalar ve kozmetologlar genellikle yüzün manuel temizliğini seçer. Temizlemeye ek olarak, uzmanlaşma, temizlik sırasında uzmanı doğrudan sessiz bir kanalın ağzına ulaşabileceği gerçeğinden dolayı, güzellik uzmanı, sadece yüzünü manuel olarak temizlerken çıkarılabilecek derin görünmez komedonları ortadan kaldırma fırsatı vardır.
Böyle bir prosedür, daha etkili bir şekilde sivilce ve siyah noktaların bir hastasını mahrum bırakılır. Cilt, çok hızlı bir şekilde mat ve kadife olur.
Aynı etki sadece medyan soyma kullanılarak elde edilebilir, ancak bu prosedürün çok daha kontrendikasyonları ve yüksek bir yanma veya alerji alma riski vardır.
Esneklik, temizlikten birkaç gün sonra cilde döner, zekice görünmeye başlar. Bununla birlikte, bir kişinin tüm cilt sorunlarına sahipse, iç problemlerin sonucuna sahipse, elbette, elbette, manuel temizlik (diğerleri gibi) hastalığı durdurmaya yardımcı olmaz, kaynak sorunu burada tedavi etmek gerekir ve ardından ortadan kaldırın. tıkanmış gözenekler şeklinde sonuçlar.
Örneğin, akne tanısı, sadece 3 haftalık ilaç tedavisinden sonra, öngörülen temizlik reçete edilir. Ayrıca, bir artı mekanik temizleme, maksimum etki elde etmek için gözeneklerin temizlenmesinin ultrasonik yöntemi ile kombinasyonunun olasılığıdır.
Kişinin manuel temizliğinin ana dezavantajlarına, uzmanları, her şeyden önce, acılarını içerir. Cildin yaralanması çok güçlü olabilir. Bu tür prosedürler bazı olayların arifesinde yapılmamaktadır, çünkü kırpılganlık ve şişlik ciltte 3 güne kadar korunabilir. Cildin bütünlüğünün ve böyle bir prosedürün nimetsizliğinin bozulmasından dolayı, pratik olarak Avrupa ülkelerinde ve Amerika'da yapılmamaktadır.
Hazırlama ve Yapılan Prosedür
Manuel fırçalama yüzünden önce, güzellik mutfağı mutlaka bir demacid üretir ve cildi kirden temizler. Tam temizlikten sonra, gözeneklerin tam ve maksimum açıklanmasına katkıda bulunan önlemler almak gerekir. Bazen bir uzman temizlemek için cilt çok yağ, yanı sıra hafif asidik bir yüzey soyulması durumunda bir maske uygulayabilir.
Her zaman açmak için, cilt ılık bir buhar veya termo-ısıtma jeli ile serpilir, gömülü epidermi yumuşatır. Kırılmadan, temizlik çok acı verici olacaktır, ancak koruyucu süreci bronşiyal astım, damarların yakınlığı, ince cilt ile kontrendikedir.
Bu tür bir cilt, soğuk hidrojenasyon yöntemiyle kesilmelidir. Cilde bir nemlendirici jel, hücresel bağların şişmesine ve zayıflamalarına yol açar. Bu jel sıklıkla soyma prosedürlerinin yerini alır. Hastanın cildi serpilirken, kozmetik uzmanı aletleri sterilize eder ve steril eldivenler koyar. Çıplak eller manuel temizleme üretilmez.
Kırıldıktan sonra, cildin kurumasını ve hidrojen peroksitini veya bir losyonu alkol içeriği olmadan silmeleri gerekir. İşleme bölümleri ayrıca böyle bir losyonla silinir ve gözenekleri temizleme işlemi başlar. Komedonu kolayca çıkarılan özel bir saha veya kaşık olan bir uzman vardır. Bu fikstürler sürekli losyon veya hidrojen peroksit ile dezenfekte edilmelidir. Jelin bir soyma etkisi ile etkisi 15 dakikadan fazla sürmez, bu nedenle doktor tamamen buluşması gerekir. Polonyalılar yüzü, şişmiş kanalların çıktısından zıt yönde gereklidir. Araçlar, cilt sebumunun en derin mantarlarını bile görür, bu da donanım ve lazer teknikleriyle görünmeyen veya mevcut olmayan.
Bununla birlikte, bir aracıyla bir mantar kapmak imkansızsa, doktor elleriyle sıkma yapar, bu da sürecin acısını arttırır. Peçeteye parmakla basılan uzman, sessiz kanalların çıktısı boyunca gözeneklerin içeriğini bastırır.
Bazen, aceleci bir akışın darlığında, araçlar genişleme için kullanılır - özel iğneler. Tüm araçlar, ekstrüzyon sonrası cilt yanı sıra, sterilize edici maddelerle art arda tedavi edilir. Kızgın cilde dik olmalı, daha sonra arıtma prosedürü daha az acı verici olacaktır.
Miliumlar veya sözde beyaz sivilce dökmek gerekir. Delinme paralel cilt yüzeyinde gerçekleştirilir. Tabanlı temizleme sonundaki püstüller ve cilt dezenfeksiyon amacıyla tekrar işlenir. Çok sayıda döküntüle, temizlik birkaç aşamada gerçekleştirilir, çünkü daha önce de belirtildiği gibi, 15 dakika sonra gözenekler ve prosedür dayanılmaz acı verici ve etkisiz hale gelebilir. Bazen manuel temizlik, cildin tüm yüzeyini tamamen temizlemek için vakumla birleştirilir. Aynı zamanda, vakum yardımı ile sessiz içerik, büyük derinliklerinde bile su kullanılabilir.
Manuel temizlik arifesinde, aceleci çökeltileri çözen ve dışarıya doğru temizlerken gözeneklerin tüm kirleri çıkarmaya yardımcı olan alkalin çözeltileriyle sabit elektriksel inme ile dezenfeksiyon yapmak mümkündür. Manuel temizlik, her 10 günde bir, normal cilt için, ayda bir kez normal cilt için ve kuru - bir buçuk aydan fazla bir buçuk kez daha tavsiye edilir. Manuel temizlik prosedürünün tam sayı ve sıklığı, doğrudan belirli bir kozmetolog oluşturacaktır.
Prosedür ve komplikasyonlardan sonra cilt durumu
Manuel temizleme izleyen ilk günler genellikle ciltteki salo atıklarının güçlendirilmesi belirtisi altında geçer. Basınçtan kızarıklık yavaş yavaş ortaya çıkıyor, ancak yerinde, soyulması sıklıkla ortaya çıkar.
Yalnızca 5-7 gün sonra yapılan temizlemeden fark edilebilir bir etki olacaktır, ancak düzenli olarak yaparsanız, dayanıklı olacaktır.
Hasar görmüş temizlik cildinin dikkatlice bakımı gereklidir, dezenfektan ve tousing uyuşturucu gözeneklerini gerektirecektir. Kullanım ve yatıştırıcı tonik ile karışmaz.
Hızlı cilt sakinliği için kızılötesi radyasyon veya darsonalizasyonu kullanabilirsiniz. Kozmetologlar, gözenekleri geri yükleyecek ve temizlik prosedürlerinden sonra saflıklarını korumaya yardımcı olacak bir maske kursu önerir. Bu durumda, en etkili olan kili bazlı maskelerdir, bu da Sebumu mükemmel bir şekilde emer. Bazen bir kriyoissage seyreltilmiş bir azot kullanılarak reçete edilir.
Ertesi gün boyunca, temizlikten sonra, dekoratif kozmetikleri kullanmak imkansızdır, böylece parçacıklarının uzatılmış gözeneklere düşmemesi ve alerjilere neden olmaz. Güçlendirmeye neden olan bu eylemleri yerine getirmek imkansızdır - spor salonları, saunalar, banyo yapmak için.
Damıtılmış, ancak musluk altından su olmayan, sadece özel suyu yıkamak mümkündür. Imprette antiseptikler, prosedürden sonraki 7 gün içinde gösterilir, bugün eczanelerde harika bir set var.
Hem güneşte hem de solaryumlarda güneşlenebilecek kategorik olarak imkansızdır. Cildin yüzeyinde oluşturulabilen mantarlar kendimiz kaybolana kadar dokunulmaz.
Kabukların yakınsama yerlerinde yara izleri oluşturulduysa, dondurulmuş merhem veya dermatolog veya kozmetikolojinin yazacağı araçları ile bulaşmaları gerekir.
Mekanik temizlikten sonra ana komplikasyonlar arasında, cilt, şişlik, hematom, yeni döküntü ve iltihaplanma, yara izi, alerjik reaksiyonlar ve cilt enfeksiyonu üzerinde kızarıklık ortaya çıkar.
Kızarıklık, bir kural olarak, birkaç gün içinde gidin, ancak hipereminin yatıştırıcı maskeleri veya kremleri kullanması gerektiğinde.
Şişlik de çok hızlı bir şekilde gitmek zorundadır ve korunmasında alerjik tezahürleri veya bazı hastalığın gelişmesini hariç tutmak için gereklidir, bu nedenle derhal bir uzmanla iletişim kurmanız gerekir. Bir hematom varsa, heparinik bir merhem kullanılır veya Arnica ile bir sıra kullanılır. Prosedürden birkaç gün sonra enflamatuar elemanların oluşumu, cildin içindeki enfeksiyonun nüfuzu hakkında konuşabilir, bu nedenle kendi kendine ilaç kesinlikle burada hariç tutulur.
Cilt Skar, yanlış akne sıkma tekniği ile oluşur. Ne yazık ki, skar sadece kozmetik prosedürlerle ortadan kaldırılabilir. Alerjik reaksiyonlar, her bir durumda reçete edilmesi gereken lokal ve oral ilaçla muamele edilir. Ancak cilt enfekte olduğunda, antibiyotiklerin amacı bile mümkündür - hepsi enfeksiyonun nüfuz etme derecesine bağlıdır.
Manuel yüz temizleme, oldukça verimli bir temizlik prosedürüdür, ancak çok sayıda tuzaklara sahiptir, bu nedenle sadece doktor hastasını herhangi bir alternatif sunamazsa gerçekleştirilir.
Düğmeleri kullanırsanız minnettar olacağız:
Temizlik prosedürleri olmadan doğru cilt bakımı imkansızdır. Siyah noktalar olmadan sadece temiz bir yüz taze ve çekici görünüyor. Güzellik salonunda veya kozmetoloji kliniğinde profesyonel temizlik yapabilirsiniz.
Ama sık sık yapmanız gerekiyorsa nasıl olacağı, ancak bunun için bir olasılık yok mu? Evde yüz nasıl temizlenir? Prosedüre geçmeden önce bilmeniz gerekenler? Estetik tıp ve kozmetoloji olan "Novoclik" nin merkezlerinin kozmetikolojisi bu soruları yanıtladı. Isabella Ayrapetova.
Neden evde yüzün derinliğine ihtiyacımız var?
Cilt günlük dış ortamda temas eder. Büyük şehirlerde, egzoz gazlarına ve smog'a olumsuz maruz kalmaya tabi tutulur. Bariyer işlevi mükemmeldir: O, ideal bir kalkan olarak, toksinleri havadan geciktirir ve dokulara nüfuz etmelerine izin vermez. Yavaş yavaş, cilt solunumunu kötüleştiren bir baskın görünmez gözüyle oluşturulur, rejeneratif işlemlerin aktivitesini azaltır, görünüşü kötüleştirir, yüzünü loş ve gri yapar.
Bu durumda, ciltte doğal biyolojik işlemler meydana gelir. Nem ve ton tonunu koruyan koruyucu maddeler üretir. Skin salome veya sır olarak adlandırılan yağlı yağlayıcıdan bahsediyoruz.
Yağ cilt normal ise, bu sırtın miktarı sadece işlevlerini sağlamak için yeterlidir. Ancak, dış olumsuz faktörlere, stres, beslenme bozukluklarına cevap olarak genellikle şişmanlık artmaktadır. Sırrı daha fazla olur. Dışarıdan, bu, alnın alanında, çene, yanaklarda parlamalarla tezahür eder. Genellikle sırrı çok viskoz olur ve yağ bezlerini bırakamaz. Sızdırmazlık, comedon adında titiz bir mantar oluşturur. Fişin üst kısmı, hava ile temas eden, oksitlenir ve karanlık olur. Yani siyah noktalar ortaya çıkar.
Cildin şişmanlığı ne kadar yüksek olursa, üzerinde kusurların riski altın olur. Kuru cilt için, bu sorun karakteristik değildir. Bu nedenle, yüzün gözeneklerini evde ve farklı tiplerin cildinin kabin sahiplerinde temizlemek, farklı periyodikliklerle gereklidir. Eğer döküntü rahatsız edilirse, gözle görülür siyah noktalar vardır, prosedürü daha sık takip eder - iki ayda bir kez sürebilir - iki aydır. Normal yağ ile, her üç veya dört ayda bir prosedüre başvurabilirsiniz ve kuru tip bir epidermis ile sadece bir yıl gerekebilir.
Prosedür sırasında, güzellik, yüz yüzeyinden çıkarır:
RAID;
Hayatta kalan cilt ölçekler;
siyah nokt
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。这项研究让希特勒得以在临死前将精神转移至另一个克隆体——“传播之恨”（ Hate-Monger）身上，并且帮助红骷髅，让后者身体在被废墟掩埋后精神得以保存，进入假死状态。
1944年，斯特拉克男爵将佐拉招募至九头蛇，期间佐拉将自己的意识转移到一个机器人身体里，变成现在这幅德行，继续反人类研究，包括帮助红骷髅控制莎朗·卡特杀死美国队长都是他干的好事。他还收集了大量超级英雄的DNA，制造了不同的克隆体，红骷髅使用的美国队长克隆体就是他提供的，但后者不知怎么得罪了死侍，后者把他的所有研究成果全毁了。
他还打算偷取绿巨人的γ射线，险些被炸死。佐拉还创造过一个混沌维度世界“Z次元”，在那里时间和空间变化要比现实快的很多，类似“天上一天，地下一年”那种，美国队长被禁锢在这里很长一段时间。在Z次元佐拉建立了一个国家佐拉国（Zolandia），拥有一支个人军队，并用自己的基因制造了两个婴儿，一男一女，打算作为自己的继承人，但男婴被美国队长劫走，后者成为孩子的养父，并被命名为伊恩·罗杰斯，由美国队长抚养长大（只用了一年时间）并教授武艺，导致佐拉被自己的“亲儿子”揍了很多次。
最后伊恩被佐拉洗脑之后与美国队长为敌，暴打美国队长后，被莎朗·卡特打了一枪后恢复记忆。佐拉培养了女儿最后也没有什么好结果，女儿的名字叫做珍特·佐拉，自称Z次元的公主佐拉赋予她超级的感官系统，对未来的预知能力，还有被称为“超光子术”的格斗技巧，打算让她带领军队反攻地球。
结果女儿也背叛了他，跟美国队长从Z次元返回现实世界（莎朗·卡特牺牲自己，引爆了佐拉的城堡让他们得以逃脱），并改名为珍特·布莱克，暂住在美国队长在布鲁克林的家里。他还用绿巨人的γ射线和美国队长的克隆体结合，创造了一个突变怪物“佐拉队长”（Captain Zolandia），最后被美国队长消灭。
值得一提的是，伊恩·罗杰斯在队长离开Z次元后，捡了佐拉队长的盾牌，更名为“游侠”，领导了一支外星人军队，继续与“父亲”佐拉为敌。
能力和装备
能力
超级智商：在漫威宇宙中，佐拉的智商被评为6（超级天才级），与钢铁侠、末日博士这些相同，智商没的说，远超当今世界范畴。生化专家：人类历史上最伟大基因科学家，精神转移技术是他最成名的作品。机器人专家：上世纪40年代就能够建造出机器人部队。运动员体魄：在他还是肉身的时候，他的体力跟常规运动员相差无几。 [1]
装备
意识储存器：佐拉的意识存在于一个机器人躯干上，让他得以永生，即便机器躯干被毁也没有关系，在他的研究成果下，一旦机器被毁，他的意识可以立刻上传到一个备用躯体上，这都依赖于一个叫做“意识寄存器”的设备。“意识寄存器” 是一个可以存放意识的容器，可以将任何生物的意识转移到容器，尽管大多数生物都拥有一定的智慧和创造性思维能力，但对佐拉博士来说，将他们的意识从身体里剥离出来是小菜一碟，前提条件是需要大量准备工作，包括将脑电波转化为电磁信号传输至服务器这样的工作，希特勒的意识就是这样被转移到克隆体上，红骷髅因为在实验气体泄漏而让自己的意识具备随时转换的能力，无需准备工作。左拉自己很特殊，他将自己的意识转移到“意识寄存器”中永久封存起来，通过手术将寄存器连接到一个躯干上，寄存器可以将脑电波转换成电磁信号，可以驱动机械躯干，还能进行无线传播，只要能收到手机信号的地方，他的意识就能传播到那里。这就相当于具备了心灵感应的能力，让他可以创造一个念力网络，能够接通无限距离内任何仪器，让自己意识随意传播，《美国队长2》中队长和黑寡妇摧毁了佐拉的地下实验室，但他绝对没有完蛋，他的意识又不知道传到哪里去了，前提条件是这些仪器最好是自己制造的，其意识在自己制造的设备中可以无消耗传播，因为联着网码。假如他打算将自己的意识上传到其他服务器中，需要大幅度提升自己的精神强度，类似于黑客攻破防火墙那种，当然要消耗能量了。
智能操控
“意识寄存器”还赋予佐拉心灵操控能力，在他制造的生化机器人军团中，安置有10000伏能量接收器，佐拉可以用自己意识驱动这些“仆人”们为自己服务，这种操控能力是有一定范围的，大约是18英尺，离开这个距离就相当于奔出服务区。另外，佐拉无法控制有机生物<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Children of all ages fill the lists of the gifts they want with tablets, cell phones, things to wear and other technological gifts. But it is important to find a balance so that today’s children, so connected to technology, also enjoy other activities that do not involve technology. The end of the year holidays is a great opportunity to return to certain basic childhood games that foster communication and social relationships.
Ideas for a list of gifts with little technology:
– Traditional toys are still superior to technological toys for children’s language development. For example, when toys talk, parents talk less – and, therefore, children vocalize less. Blocks, dolls, musical instruments, cars, trains, games to fit in and other low-tech games make children — and parents — talk, sing, play and interact more. These help foster basic communication skills.
– Books are always an excellent gift, and sharing the joy of reading is a gift for a lifetime.
– For babies and toddlers: Textures that invite you to play are ideal, as are multicoloured boards and illustrated books.
– For children who are learning to read: Get books appropriate to their level of knowledge to facilitate emerging literacy.
– For older children: Look for a chapter book or a series of books that is interesting. Family members can take turns reading the chapters out loud. This may be the beginning of a family book club.
– Board, card and question-based gamesare very fun to play as a family. These games make everyone talk and laugh and create many beautiful memories. There are games for all ages. And what better time than winter to set up family nights to encourage conversation, connections — and fun!
– Costumes and otherclothing accessoriesallow children to use their imagination and encourage creativity. Children’s language skills increase when they invent dialogues, tell stories, sing and take turns.
– Outdoor play toys, such as balls, sledges, jump ties and playground games promote running, jumping, sports and other types of active games. Physical activity and movement prepare children for learning.
– Puzzles- ranging from basic options for young children to complex ones for the whole family to try to assemble as a team – stimulate conversation, encourage analytical skills, problem-solving and others.
– The provisions of items for cookingcan be fun gifts for children of all ages. Involving young children in the preparation of new foods offers a great opportunity for conversation and language development, including to talk about likes and dislikes, flavours, textures and more. For older children, cooking together provides the perfect environment to strengthen family ties. Following the recipe steps also helps foster reading and comprehension skills, planning, organization, determining sequences and following instructions.
– Tickets or tickets for shows designed for children, sporting events and other functionsare wonderful gifts, as they allow parents and children to enjoy special activities together. These excursions promote family relationships, conversation and union. In addition, memberships for zoos, museums or aquariums are also very good gifts to enjoy as a family!
Of course, technology gifts will remain on the shopping list every year — it’s the reality of being grown in today’s world. Parents can help children balance online activities with everyone else. If you give your child a gift of technology, take the opportunity to establish certain basic rules and create a media consumption plan for your family.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>I lettori del New York Times hanno commentato il sito web della pubblicazione notizie sul presunto attacco informatico russo su larga scala alle agenzie governative degli Stati Uniti e alle risorse delle società americane.
Gli Stati Uniti sembrano essere riusciti a convincere la Russia che un attacco di brogli elettorali [in un'elezione] avrebbe innescato una ritorsione. Ma, man mano che la portata dell'invasione diventa più chiara, diventa chiaro che la leadership americana non è riuscita a trasmettere l'idea che un hacking su larga scala delle autorità federali e delle reti aziendali porterà a conseguenze simili.
- annotato nella pubblicazione.
Commenti dei lettori del NYT (alcune delle 1059 recensioni sul sito web del giornale):
Spendiamo oltre 700 miliardi di dollari all'anno per prepararci alla guerra. E non spendiamo quasi nulla per proteggerci da minacce reali al nostro benessere e anzi all'intera esistenza degli Stati Uniti [...] Gli ultimi quattro anni dovrebbero averci insegnato una lezione: i nostri nemici possono infliggere danni significativi senza un solo colpo e per pochissimi soldi. Purtroppo non abbiamo imparato molto
- si è lamentato di chambolle.
Finora abbiamo sentito poco dell'attuale amministrazione sull'attacco informatico russo ... Mi sentirei molto meglio se lo prendessero più sul serio.
Shawn è preoccupato.
È estremamente spaventoso e inquietante che la tenacia e la determinazione della Russia a penetrare nella sfera cibernetica di quel paese abbiano avuto più successo della nostra capacità di individuarle e prevenirle in tempo. E basti pensare che una società di sicurezza informatica PRIVATA, FireEye, è stata la prima a trovare questa violazione. Il fallimento del nostro governo nemmeno nell'impedirlo, ma semplicemente nel rilevarlo, è terribile e deplorevole quanto la stessa invasione russa
- l'utente Marge Keller è indignato.
Mi chiedo se il governo degli Stati Uniti non stia facendo lo stesso delle autorità di Russia e Cina?
- ha chiesto scettico.
Questi sono "russi", solo "russi" e nient'altro che "russi". Non una parola su negligenza imperdonabile, mancanza di supervisione, negligenza della sicurezza informatica in generale. Quanto è disgustoso? Quando qualcuno ti deruba solo perché hai lasciato la porta di casa aperta, di chi è la colpa?
Chiede Waldo.
I nostri ufficiali dell'intelligence hanno avvertito fin dal primo giorno che Trump e i suoi scagnozzi non possono essere considerati attendibili o addirittura autorizzati a entrare nello Studio Ovale. Come avevano ragione. Ora, quattro anni dopo, tutti possono vedere esattamente come Trump ha reso grande l'America vendendola al suo maestro russo Putin [...]
- notò Fariborz S Fatemi.
Basta tagliare la Russia da Internet
- suggerisce il lettore JDK.
È come un atto di guerra
- afferma un certo B.
L'America ha perso il suo enorme potenziale. Un governo imperfetto e leader deboli hanno fallito, permettendoci di essere presi a calci nella coda. Putin metterà presto fine a questa America indecisa. Invaderà e deciderà da solo cosa sta succedendo con gli aborti, le torte nuziali ai matrimoni gay e se le vite dei neri contano. Eravamo distratti da una serie di problemi artificiali e ci siamo dimenticati che abbiamo un paese che deve essere costruito e protetto
- Dott. TLS.
Sono sorpreso di ammettere che stavo pensando la stessa cosa. Una volta ho detto a un mio buon amico che un giorno le truppe russe sarebbero finite sul suolo americano. Ci siamo programmati per fallire costantemente. Vorrei essere più ottimista
- risponde al commento precedente Somewhere In The Scary Left.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The classic story told about modern political philosophy paints Hobbes and Locke as contrasting figures who have differing opinions about human psychology. The author of this article rejects such a picture and instead argues that Locke’s state of nature contains features that are strikingly similar to Hobbes’. The author reassesses the supposedly “egoist” Hobbes and the “civil” Locke. It becomes clear that Hobbes’ mechanism and rhetorical bent influence his description of the state of nature—the world without social arrangement. Locke, who is more direct and practical, depicts a state of nature that is actually pre-political and normative. Such differences mask the fact that each philosopher provides a compelling argument for the use of reason in politics—for the practical construction of political bodies. They both advocate a government designed to influence our natural passions and avoid the danger of war.
Greeson, Michael P.
"Hobbes, Locke, and the State of Nature Theories: A Reassessment,"
Episteme: Vol. 5, Article 2.
Available at: https://digitalcommons.denison.edu/episteme/vol5/iss1/2<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The outdoor fitness market caters for a varied range of clients, including men and women. However, it is important that training providers and fitness professionals’ understand some of the specific issues relating to female exercisers.
There are certain physiological, bio-mechanical, and possibly psychological, differences that may affect a female’s physical performance.
Women are generally smaller in size and carry more fat than men and their physical capacity is, on average, 15-20% lower than males.
However, in absolute terms, a female with the same physiological dimensions as a man (VO2max, muscle tissue etc) will perform equally as well.
Common factors that may affect females carrying out military physical training tasks, particularly when part of a male dominated group, are:
- Physical Capacity: as well as being generally weaker, a female’s distribution of muscle is different to that of a male. She will have a smaller proportion of muscle in her upper body than a male and, therefore, will fatigue more easily when carrying out upper body dominated physical tasks.
- Body Composition: a female averages 10% more fat than a male. This additional weight, obviously, has to be carried when performing physical activity.
- Environmental Tolerance: although women have a lower sweat rate than men it does not appear to affect their heat tolerance. But as with males, unfit/overweight individuals will struggle to perform tasks in a hot climate. In cold climates a female may be at an advantage because extra fat offers greater insulation. However, the smaller muscle mass when carrying out an arduous task may result in early fatigue and reduce the body’s ability to generate heat.
- Menstruation: there is no recognised pattern concerning a woman’s ability to achieve maximum physical potential during any specific phase of their menstrual cycle. It is an individual response, and although not an illness, fitness professionals should be considerate of any secondary responses a female might suffer. Further, it is relatively common for females to have menstrual cycle dysfunction during periods of high physical activity. This may be affected or exacerbated by low body fat, acute stress and inadequate nutrition.
- Psychological Stress: women working in a male dominated environment may be subject to higher levels of psychological stress when compared with males. Factors that may increase stress, which fitness professionals should be aware of, are:
- Lack of social support: as a result of fewer females in their group (although, on average, more females attend ‘civilian’ boot camps than males).
- Harassment: often on sexual or weakness issues from immature males or poor managers.
- Low self esteem: due to a perception of being the weak physical link in a team.
- Injury Risk: in comparison to men, women are 1.5 times more likely to become injured when performing physical activity; the increased risk possibly being due to a generally lower level of physical capacity.
Did you know?
A female with the same physiological dimensions as a man will perform equally as well.
- Knees, Food, Periods: Top 10 Medical Tips If Your Daughter Plays Sports (commonhealth.wbur.org)<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>دفع حملات موشکی اوکراین به منطقه بلگورود روسیه
08:46 27.03.2024 (بروز رسانی شده: 12:58 27.03.2024)
© Sputnik / Kirill Kallinikovسیستم پدافند هوایی حومه مسکو
© Sputnik / Kirill Kallinikov/
اشتراک
وزارت دفاع روسیه اعلام کرد، نیروهای پدافند هوایی این کشور بامداد چهارشنبه شب 18 گلوله Vampire MLRS را که توسط نیروهای مسلح اوکراین بر فراز منطقه بلگورود شلیک شده بود، سرنگون کردند.
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tenta il suicidio. Il Partito Comunista Nepalese approfitta della crisi per chiedere la formazione di un’Assemblea Costituente per decidere il futuro assetto politico del Paese. In seguito alla morte del principe ereditario, sale al trono Gyanendraha, fratello del re deceduto. Dopo pochissimo tempo il nuovo monarca licenzia il Parlamento e assume il comando dell’Esecutivo. Con il colpo di stato, il re rinuncia alla possibilità di ristabilire la pace in Nepal. I maoisti non sono disposti a trattare con la monarchia e chiedono l’intervento dell’ONU. Il Nepal diventa una monarchia assoluta e il re nega le libertà fondamentali. I maoisti sono colpevoli di innumerevoli omicidi e il Governo spesso ha reagito con altrettanta violenza, rendendosi colpevole di molte sparizioni. La guerra civile ha causato la morte di circa 11.000 persone e secondo un rapporto di Human Right Watch sono sparite circa 1.200 persone negli ultimi 5 anni. Amnesty International nel rapporto annuale del 2006 sottolinea come i maoisti e il Governo abbiano agito nell’impunità ignorando totalmente le leggi in vigore. Molti leader politici sono stati arrestati e costretti agli arresti domiciliari; alcuni sospettati di far parte dei gruppi di ribelli sono stati arrestati e torturati. Nei villaggi, l’esercito ha armato i contadini costringendoli a combattere i maoisti contro la loro volontà.Ci sono state molte esecuzioni extragiudiziali di civili sospettati di appoggiare i maoisti. Molti attivisti per i diritti umani hanno ricevuto minacce e hanno lasciato il paese per paura di ripercussioni. I bambini vengono reclutati dai maoisti oppure rimangono vittime di attacchi terroristici e dal punto di vista economico i continui scioperi e blocchi imposti dai maoisti hanno causato gravi problemi economici specialmente nelle zone rurali. I 7 partiti d’opposizione si sono rifiutati di dialogare con i maoisti per molto tempo, ma il colpo di stato ha costretto i leader a rivedere la propria politica. Un accordo con i ribelli è essenziale per costringere il re alle dimissioni e ristabilire la democrazia. Solo in seguito a manifestazioni e scontri con le forze di polizia il re è stato costretto a dimettersi e la coalizione dei 7 partiti più importanti inizia a ristabilire un minimo di equilibrio all’interno del Paese.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>costoso all'ingrosso shop hogan Barrel of Bargains. Articoli di lusso a buon mercato negozio outlet per comprare shop hogan presso il nostro negozio di liquidazione.
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><|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Introduction / History
The 1995 census of Laos listed a population of more than 92,000 Mangkong people living in the three central provinces of Khammouan, Savannakhet and Borikhamxai. This figure may also include the So group. In Laos the So, Bru and Mangkong are often viewed as one people. Their cultures and languages are similar, but they each possess a separate ethnic identity. The So and Mangkong are also divided by living in different locations. The Mangkong are also located across the border in Vietnam, where they are part of the official Bru-Van Kieu minority group.
Although the original home of the Mangkong was in the mountains between Laos and Vietnam, many have moved to the lowlands during the last two generations and have mixed with the inhabitants there.
The Mangkong language is part of the Western Katuic branch of Mon-Khmer. Some linguists consider it merely a dialect of the Bru language. The Mangkong, So and Bru can all understand each other. According to a government survey, one-quarter of Mangkong are able to read, including only more than one-tenth of women. More than three-quarters of Mangkong people in Laos have never attended school at any level.
The majority of Mangkong are animists. For centuries they have lived in fear of evil spirits, who they make regular sacrifices to in attempts to placate them. Ancestors are also held in high regard. Incense is burnt and prayers are offered for the dead on certain occasions throughout the year.
There are approximately 2,000 Christians among the Mangkong in Laos, especially in Khammouan Province. OMF (Overseas Missionary Fellowship) and Mission Evangelique (Swiss Brethren) had missionaries working among the Mangkong in the 1950's and 1960's. They saw whole villages accept Christ, mostly the result of people being delivered from demonic oppression and supernatural healing of sickness. By the time all foreign missionaries were expelled from Laos in 1975, they had left behind a strong and evangelizing Mangkong church.
The Mangkong believers have endured great persecution and hardship from the Communist authorities in recent years, but most have stood firm in their Christian faith.
* Thank God for the 2,000 Mangkong Christians in Laos. Pray they would zealously share the Gospel.
* Ask God to multiply the Mangkong church for His glory.
* Pray the Mangkong church would receive God's call to take the Gospel to the lost throughout Laos.
|Profile Source: Peoples of Laos, Paul Hattaway Copyrighted © Used with permission|<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Negli anni Venti e Trenta Roma conosce una impetuosa trasformazione. Gli sventramenti al centro, la nascita delle "borgate ufficiali", l'edificazione di nuovi quartieri ridisegnano il tessuto urbano della città. Il regime fascista carica queste trasformazioni di significati simbolici, lavorando allo stesso tempo sulla composizione sociale del territorio, cercando di accompagnare gli interventi edilizi con un'operazione di consenso nei confronti dei soggetti destinati ad abitare nelle nuove zone. I quartieri intermedi per la piccola e media borghesia, strategici per una città fortemente caratterizzata dalla vocazione terziaria, rappresentano il volto meno conosciuto di questa storia. Questo volume, frutto di una attenta e capillare ricerca sul territorio, racconta lo sviluppo di uno di questi quartieri, muovendosi sul doppio binario dei meccanismi edilizi che sottendono alla sua costruzione e delle dinamiche sociali della popolazione che lo abita. Ne emerge un quadro articolato, in cui piazza Bologna con il "moderno" edificio delle poste si colloca a metà fra una zona alta a ridosso della via Nomentana ed una più popolare verso la via Tiburtina. Ricostruisce i legami del quartiere con il regime, che attraverso una propaganda capillare lo esalta come modello di modernità urbana, eleganza e decoro riuscendo, almeno in apparenza, nel proposito di fare del quartiere di Mussolini una roccaforte di consenso.
Generi Storia e Biografie » Storia dell'Europa » Storia sociale e culturale » Storia d'Italia e delle Regioni italiane » Storia del Lazio » Storia d'Italia » Periodi storici » Storia del XX e XXI secolo
Editore Franco Angeli
Collana Temi di storia
Formato Libro
Pubblicato 07/04/2009
Pagine 192
Lingua Italiano
Isbn o codice id 9788846499578
Scrivi una recensione per "Piazza Bologna. Alle origini di un quartiere «borghese»"<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>2018-09-06
内在世界创造外在世界
问题：我丈夫侮辱我，我想经验这痛苦，但结果是我更辱骂他。我害怕这行为与愤怒会更多地回到我身上。我如何接收恩典来经验这痛苦，而不是凶狠地反应？
你告诉说，我们应该互相尊重，这取决于我们，但情形却越来越糟糕，似乎是不可能的，我的行为很凶。 Bhagavan ，请祝福我们，说实话，我不想改变。我内在某个东西并不想放弃与他的斗争。为什么我想斗争而不是快乐？
Bhagavan ：你必须运用系统性的方式（教导），这问题还有更深层次的原因，我不会去探讨这个，我要进入解决方法。我想讲一个小故事。
今天晚上，约四个小时前，我遇到一位印度当地的村民，一个未受过教育的妇女，她来上我们的课程。这妇女今天晚上告诉我，她之前一直与她丈夫不断地争执，生活变得很可怕。然后，她想：「恩，我似乎很害怕这男人，为什么？」她没有找到原因。
一个星期前，她弄丢了她家的钥匙，丈夫去了某个地方，她因此进不了家门，她对于告诉丈夫自己弄丢了钥匙的这个想法感到非常害怕，因为他会马上殴打她。
于是她找来一个邻居，撬开锁，然后将锁放在邻居的家中。然后她开始纳闷：「为什么会有这一切问题？为什么每次我惹了一些麻烦，这男人就会骂我或殴打我，为什么会发生这些事？」
于是她应用 「发生于内在的持续创造着外在的事件」 这个教导。
然后她质问内在发生了什么？她发现她内在对丈夫有巨大的恐惧。这恐惧持续地创造出丈夫被激怒，并粗鲁地对待她的情况，这影像在她的内在。她想：「我有恐惧，我就是害怕，而这似乎在他内在唤起了这行为。」
因此，当丈夫回来时，她说：「你看，我弄丢了钥匙，我撬开了锁，因为很害怕你，所以我将锁藏在邻居的家中。」
丈夫奇妙地笑了，给了她一个拥抱，说：「没关系。」
于是，她非常清楚地了解到自己唤起了那种行为。在这个事件后，她说自己完全没有了对丈夫的恐惧。过去一个星期，他们有了生活中最好的时光。
这发生在一个没有受过教育，也没有很大的理解力，但是对教导有简单的了解，并非常有系统地应用在自己身上的人。
因此，你必须明白一个事实，你创造了这个影像，你激怒了对方，对方也激怒了你，但是我们不必担心对方，我们可以从自己开始。如果你知道这样做有利益，你就会这么做，就像一个精明的生意人。
如果你这么做时，你就会开始获得。这位女士与她丈夫不再有问题，至少在过去的一个星期中。她在巨大的喜悦中，一切对她而言都非常好。
她了解有很多可以获得，当恐惧突然出现时，她持续地觉知到恐惧。在她觉知到恐惧的那一刻，恐惧就消失了，似乎根本没有任何问题存在。
所以你要做的是，你必须了解你正在创造这些东西，这称为智慧的觉醒（ awaken up intelligence ）。假设你想接近动物园的狮子或老虎，你会怎么做呢？你会逃离老虎或狮子。
我知道在印度以及在西方国家中有家庭，他们会与狮子和老虎嬉戏。不是他们养大的狮子与老虎，就是立即与狮子和老虎嬉戏。这些人是怎么做的？他们因为某些原因完全不害怕这些动物，当你不害怕时，动物就不会扑向你。
印度的 Ramana Maharshi （拉玛那），你一定听说过他，他经常接触豹子，有时甚至是老虎，据说他会与眼镜蛇和蛇在一起，他从来没有受过伤害。但是他会与人们保持 15 英尺的距离，当人们跨越了 15 英尺的界线，动物会就会攻击他们。
因此如果他们害怕动物的话，所有人都被要求保持距离。同样地，我们创造了这一切，你可以迅速地看一下自己，看见相关性。在他人被激怒，做出不良行为前，你内在发生了什么。你将看见很多的利益，这不需要任何的努力。
你可以看到这样对你是不是有任何的帮助，它造成损失或利益。如果你可以清楚看见没有任何利益，那就放下它。如果你看见有利益，那就紧抓着它。你必须依据损失或利益来看见它。
如果你像这个农村妇女那样看见它，那它就会非常容易。你浪费了许多的时间，你挣扎着，觉得它很困难，但其实并非如此。回家改正问题。如果你可以看见利益或损失，这就完成了。我会帮助你，给予你祝福，下次将它写下来。
【视频】当你成为真实，将被生命所照顾
https://v.qq.com/x/page/j0301x8t16k.html<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Dalla Scuola Il piatto vuoto della ricerca di smiler (Medie Superiori) scritto il 21.03.16 Le statistiche collocano ancora l'Italia al settimo posto tra le economie del pianeta, ma al ventisettesimo per gli investimenti in ricerca ed addirittura al trentacinquesimo per numero di ricercatori. Negli anni 2008-2015, quando cioè la crisi ha colpito così duramente la nostra economia, si è andato allargando il ritardo accumulato nel terreno della ricerca scientifica rispetto ai Paesi avanzati: in questo periodo, la spesa pubblica in ricerca è diminuita, così come quella per le università dove, contemporaneamente, è calato il numero di docenti e di studenti. E' successo esattamente il contrario di quello che molti economisti consigliano in tempo di crisi: investire in innovazione, creare nuove idee e applicarle ai processi produttivi; in sintesi, spendere più risorse pubbliche in ricerca. Il nostro governo, invece, ha abolito alcune tasse impopolari come l'Imu, ma non ha destinato più fondi alla ricerca scientifica, che dovrebbe garantirci il futuro. Ogni giorno assistiamo ad accesi dibattiti sul perché la ripresa economica dell'Italia stenti a partire e il nostro Pil non cresca. Ognuno propone una soluzione diversa a seconda dell'orientamento politico di appartenenza: chi ritiene utile tagliare la spesa pubblica, chi propone una maggiore integrazione europea e chi, al contrario, suggerisce l'uscita dell'Italia dall'Unione Europea. La ricetta giusta per rimettere in moto la nostra economia potrebbe semplicemente consistere nell'aumentare la spesa per la ricerca scientifica e per i progetti migliori e più innovativi. In questo modo, potremmo da una parte evitare la fuga dei cervelli all'estero, dove i nostri studiosi sono molto apprezzati per la creatività e la preparazione, dall'altra stimolare la ripresa economica nell'immediato e, soprattutto, innescare meccanismi virtuosi di crescita per l'avvenire.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>优德中文版官方网站
但是，我们不能因为少数大学生造假，就彻底否定实习的意义，更应该从实习组织和监管上找到解决对策，否则，这无异于将“孩子和脏水一同倒掉”。
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怎么投票，人家为了解放当地人民都是不辞劳苦啊。
后来联合国军被某人暴打之后，他们就想到了一个绝招。当地人民可以邀请我去解救他们啊。本着人道主义精神，他们经常去某个地方帮助他们的政客进行选举。被选举之后，自然就可以邀请美国帮助他们了啊。
再后来，对于某些势力复杂的地区，美国人就会选择培养当地人民进攻美国，这样为了自卫反击，自然就可以出兵了啊。
再再后来，美国被恐怖主义袭击，于是就开始了漫长的反恐之路。
再再再后来，美国人民看到了战争的危害，就开始了反对武力，争取和平之路。然后你就看见了，很多国家都存在侵略的问题哦。
大家可以看看我从 wiki 上面找到的一个列表，1949 年以来，美国发动的军事行动列表，在我国建国这么久以来，美国也就是发动了 70～80 次的军事行动吧。平均 11 个月左右一次吧。
你知道蓝星唯一的超级大国为了维护蓝星和平，有多么努力么？太平洋警察那可是实至名归啊。
朝鲜战争：1950－1953 年，联合国军受美国统一指挥。
1949 年应金日成要求，送给朝鲜供其调遣的中国朝鲜族三个师，后来成为朝鲜人民军得以南下的主力。战争爆发后，美国将朝鲜问题提交联合国，苏联则拒绝在安理会参加美国起草的朝鲜问题决议案的讨论。当年 6 月下旬，联合国安全理事会在常任理事国苏联缺席的情况下相继通过第 82 号和第 83 号决议，声明此举为 “北朝鲜部队” 对大韩民国的武装侵略，并敦促其立即停火，要求朝鲜军队撤回三八线。6 月 27 日美国正式参战。7 月 7 日，联合国安理会通过第 84 号决议，由联合国成员国的 16 个国家的军队和 5 个国家的医疗力量组成的 “联合国军” 参与朝鲜战争，对大韩民国（ROK）提供军事和医疗协助。其中美国提供 88% 的战斗人员，占据主导地位。联合国军受美国统一指挥，行动向安理会报告，而非听命于联合国秘书长。
美军入侵黎巴嫩：1958 年，美军在黎巴嫩总统的要求下，进行军事干预。
1958 年黎巴嫩危机是一次由该国的政治和宗教方面的紧张局势引起的政治危机，美军在黎巴嫩总统卡密拉 · 夏蒙的要求下进行了大约三个月的军事干预，直到夏蒙的任期结束。美军和黎巴嫩政府军成功占领了贝鲁特港和贝鲁特国际机场。危机结束后美军即撤军。
越南战争：1961－1975 年，美国为了进一步帮助吴政府派遣部队进入南越开始特种作战。
1961 年 5 月，为了进一步帮助吴廷琰政府，美国副总统林登 · 约翰逊访问西贡，与吴廷琰签署 “联合公报”，派遣 100 名美军特种作战部队人员进入南越，开始特种作战试验，开启美军战斗部队进入越南的先河。这一事件也常被认为是美国的越南战争开始的标志。
入侵猪湾：1961 年，美国训练古巴人挑起战争，为其打战提供借口。值得一提的是，这是美国对外的第一次战争赔款。
中央情报局 1953 年在伊朗、1954 年在危地马拉，成功地使用小型的特务秘密颠覆行动推翻了当时的政府。1960 年，中央情报局开始在危地马拉招募逃亡的古巴人，首先对他们进行从事破坏行动的训练，后来训练他们在美国支持下进行大规模入侵。
古巴流亡者被编成 “2506” 突击旅，下辖 4 个步兵营、1 个摩托化营、1 个空降营、一个重炮营及数支装甲分队。何塞 · 佩罗斯 · 圣罗曼任指挥官，政治领导人为叛逃的前古巴土地改革全国委员会督察员曼纽 · 阿蒂梅。
古巴导弹危机：1962 年，这次雷声大，没雨点。没打起来。
入侵多米尼加共和国：1965 年
轰炸老挝与柬埔寨：1968 年
入侵柬埔寨：1970 年
后卫 II 行动：1972 年
常风行动：1975 年
鹰迁行动：1975 年
马亚圭斯号事件：1975 年
板门店事件：1976 年
鹰爪行动：1980 年
锡德拉湾事件：1981 年
入侵格林纳达：1983 年
锡德拉湾行动：1986 年
空袭利比亚：1986 年
灵敏射手行动：1987 年
挚诚意志行动：1987－1988 年
良机行动：1987－1988 年
螳螂行动：1988 年
黄金野雉行动：1988 年
第二次锡德拉湾事件：1989 年
古典意志行动：1989 年
正义行动（入侵巴拿马）：1989 年
沙漠之盾行动（波斯湾战争）：1990－1991 年
提供舒适行动：1991－1996 年
银砧行动：1992 年
履行承诺行动：1992－1996 年
伊拉克禁飞行动：1992－2003 年
恢复希望行动（率联合特遣部队介入索马里内战）：1992－1995 年
联合国索马里行动二号：1993－1995 年
摩加迪休之战：1993 年
拒绝飞行行动：1993 年
巴尼亚卢卡事件：1994 年
维护民主行动：1994－1995 年
慎重武力行动（轰炸波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那）：1995 年
可靠回应行动：1996 年
快速反应行动：1996 年
沙漠袭击行动：1996 年
银牌行动：1997 年
沙漠之狐行动（轰炸伊拉克）：1998 年
牧羊人行动：1998 年
无限延伸行动（报复 1998 年美国大使馆爆炸案）：1998 年
科索沃战争：1999 年
持久自由行动（反恐战争，九一一袭击事件后的解决方案）：2001 年－
持久自由行动 – 阿富汗（阿富汗战争）：2001－2014 年
持久自由行动 – 菲律宾：2002 - 2015 年
持久自由行动 – 非洲之角：2002 年－
伊拉克自由行动（伊拉克战争）：2003－2011 年
介入第二次利比里亚内战：2003 年
介入 2004 年海地政变：2004 年
介入巴基斯坦西北部战争：2004 年－
坎波尼战役：2007 年
持久自由行动 – 跨撒哈拉：2007 年－
介入南奥塞提亚战争：2008 年
阿拉萨之战：2009 年
甘加尔之战：2009 年
莫赫塔拉克行动：2010 年
龙击行动：2010 年
新黎明行动：2010－2011 年
介入利比亚内战：2011 年
奥德赛黎明行动（多国轰炸利比亚）：2011 年
海神之矛行动（突袭奥萨玛 · 本拉登）：2011 年
介入叙利亚内战：2011 年－
布洛马尔人质救援行动：2013 年
轰炸索马里：2013 年
介入伊拉克内战： 2014 年－
轰炸伊拉克：2014 年
薮猫行动：2014 年
武装干预叙利亚：2014 年－
轰炸叙利亚：2014 年－
武装干预伊拉克和地中海东部：2014 年－
介入喀麦隆叛乱：2015 年－
美国联军空袭叙利亚政府军事件：2016 年
2017 年沙伊拉特打击行动（轰炸叙利亚）：2017 年
值得一提的是，伟大的共产主义战士，唐纳德 · 约翰 · 特朗普在担任美国总统期间，发生的军事行动貌似是最少的。
不过爱好和平的美国人民还是更喜欢拜登，这老爷子直接不打。他选择鼓动别人打。
不过美国打不打别人我不关心，我只想问一个问题。为啥中美建交之前，美国在亚洲的军事行动就很多，而建交之后，具体而言就是 1980 年之后，美国在亚洲地区就没出现过大规模的军事行动了呢？
可能这就是所谓的，打得一拳开，免得百拳来。
而北约和俄罗斯的历史，就很容易让我想起一篇课文。27 岁开始发奋读书的苏洵写过一篇《六国论》。
六国破灭，非兵不利，战不善，弊在赂秦。赂秦而力亏，破灭之道也。
可惜的就是，不知道如今的俄罗斯力量有没有亏损到破灭的地步。
知乎用户 梁大状 发表
这不明知故问吗？
全球驰名双标跟你闹呢！
知乎用户 喂喂喂 发表
美国 “侵略” 别国，那当然叫侵略，你自己都说了。
俄罗斯 “打击” 乌克兰，那当然不叫侵略，那叫打击。
不过你把两个词互换，也并不影响什么。
知乎用户 醉卧清风 发表
为什么把我拉黑？
你说美国没有占领伊拉克，利比亚和阿富汗，所以美国不是侵略。然后我就反问一句，只要不占领领土，哪怕把别人家砸个稀巴烂，造成数千万的平民伤亡，也不算侵略吗。
你就把我拉黑啦？
为啥啊？我的质问不对吗？
还是说你是 1450？听说 1450 打舆论战，只准符合其观点的人才能发言，如果不符合，就会拉黑对方，不让对方发言，从而造成舆论一边倒的假象？
知乎用户 光辉启明 发表
这不奇怪吗？
在今天一大堆嘴炮抗俄的、——尤其是嘴上反共抗俄的人从来都不曾明白，以反共抗俄为口号的中华民国，如果和苏联打、他们那种狗屎一样的军队能够坚持多久？
而今天的那些反俄人士，只能够在网络上表达自己的抗俄决心吧
知乎用户 文丑 发表
你不看新闻么？怎么问得出这个问题？？？？
电视上，美国侵略叫侵略，俄罗斯侵略叫 “特别军事行动” 和 “乌克兰地区冲突”。
知乎用户 孟祥宇零 zXr0 发表
俄罗斯和美国情况不一样，俄罗斯是农奴国家，在西方从来一直都是底层看不起的。
斯拉夫 slav 就是奴隶的意思，历史上除了黑奴还有白奴贸易，卖的就是斯拉夫人。直到现在东欧一些斯拉夫人的地方还能合法买卖人口，比如保加利亚新娘集市。
所以一无所有的农奴民族斯拉夫人是第一个搞革命的，他们失去的只有枷锁。
日耳曼人这个名字也是罗马人给起的蔑称，germ 就是病菌，german 就是病菌民族。汪达尔人（vandal）就是搞破坏的，也是罗马人起的。
类似的在我国也有，邪马台（yamato）人来找我国皇上起名，给起了个倭委奴国，倭就是矮，你们就叫矮奴国。
其他什么匈奴（人家自称匈人，而不是匈奴人）、西戎、南蛮、东夷反正都不是什么好名。越南就是 vietnam， nam 就是南蛮，小说里面诸葛亮七擒孟获给人家编个羞辱性故事那个国家。
所以现在中国周边这些国家没有一个跟中国友好很正常。你古代变着法羞辱人家。
所以斯拉夫这么一个奴隶民族，在西方文化里面，怎么和美国平起平坐。
美国能侵略，你奴隶民族也能?
美国到处输出对其他国家原因主要是赢家通吃。
但对于美国人自己来说，是因为被制度架起来的民粹高压锅绑架了。
大陆议会的制度需要构建理论，忽悠人才能干成事，然后人真被忽悠起来就不是自己能控制的了。
19 世纪初，美国建国的十三州地方不够用，约翰亚当斯、托马斯杰斐逊两位大聪明和本杰明富兰克林之类的上流社会开始构建对外扩张的理论基础。
这套理论的核心是 “mz 制度是如此尽善尽美，以致不会受到任何国界的限制。扩张时上天安排的启发邻近国家遭到暴 jtz 的人民大众的一种手段，它不是帝国主义，而是强行的拯救”。或者 “美国有上帝赋予的义务去干这些事”
这就是著名的 “昭昭天命” 理论。它充斥了美国民粹的脑子之后，把美国绑架上了对外输出的轨道下不来，不想到处入侵都不行。
他们一开始盯上的是加拿大，奈何没打过，被人家一把火把白宫烧了，最后签了和约。才转头西进运动去打印第安人，再南下去打墨西哥。
然后北美大陆都快占满了，再打下去只能内战了。
内战之后为了不再互掐只能不断找地方输出一下武德。
长时间不输出的时候美国一般都会有通胀问题。给孩子都憋坏了，脖子都憋红了。
知乎用户 郭嘉 发表
侵略 ×
特别军事行动√
知乎用户 阿布甘 发表
这次俄乌冲突，我们应该站队俄罗斯
但有人说唇亡齿寒我可以理解，说中俄一家亲的我就接受不了了
我们和俄罗斯是什么关系？
是相互利用的关系
现在的国际形式是，在美国为首的北约和欧盟一众国家的围攻下，我们和俄罗斯合作可以轻松一些，俄罗斯可以帮我们分担很多压力，给我们争取发展的时间，我们帮俄罗斯顶住北约和欧盟的压力
关系只此而已
各位认清一点，国家之间没有友情只有利益，利益也要分长期利益和短期利益
俄罗斯最好永远保持现在的这种状态，分裂不了又没有本事作妖，安安分分的，偶尔还得靠着咱们，促销打折卖咱们点能源，这个情况才是最好的
别动不动就说什么中俄友谊长存，什么中俄一家亲，俄罗斯要是发展起来，不比美国善良
还特么离咱们怎么近，想想都可怕。
知乎用户 Mmmerenges 发表
谁说的不叫侵略？美帝侵略伊拉克 阿富汗连他的小弟都有不少官方表示反对的，欧美包括美帝本土的民间反战游行更是一波接一波，我国等国直接谴责唾弃，把欧美民间游行和部分亲美国家的反对作为正面案例大报特报。真当互联网没有记忆？我寻思当年的新闻报道只要你想查很好查啊，还是说你不要真相只要你以为？
美狗到处侵略天怒人怨，世界上 70 多亿人，得有 60 亿人所在的国家官方是明确反对或表面上维持中立的，如果只论人口恐怕更多，毕竟美欧本土人民也大多不愿意打侵略战争，这不是客观事实？
有的人觉得俄罗斯侵略乌克兰和美帝侵略一样性质恶劣没法洗了，又曲线救国说没人制裁美帝。
制裁得有制裁方吧，你总不能让被制裁方美帝和他的小弟们自己制裁自己吧，你俄罗斯作为
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在开发身份，责任和目的的在我们的学生在某种意义上与周围社区和帮助学生认真，足智多谋成为公民。
社区服务学习计划概述：
初中和高中学生都必须完成社区指定数量的
服务时间，在学年在立博app预备学校。
每个年级水平要求：
- 中学5小时
- 新生10小时
- 大二10小时
- 大三10小时
- 老年人30小时*
学生将接受社区服务提醒和到期日的服务时间每年文档。
要求和指导原则：
因为我们的使命是服务，在参与和社区服务学习计划的顺利完成的重要性是用于接收立博体育文凭的要求。此外，它是强制性的每个级别的顺利完成。
社区服务项目：
有兴趣开始社区服务项目的任何学生必须协调该项目与推进小组批准后，社区服务协调员。
类的促进了社区2019超过2500小时。在对2018-2019学年！<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>《费正清中国回忆录》是“头号中国通”、美国最负盛名的中国问题观察家、美国中国近现代史研究领域的泰斗费正清唯一的一本个人自传。
在《费正清中国回忆录》里，费正清回顾了自己长达50年的中国情缘，讲述了他半个多世纪与中国有关的生活与工作，记录了他对近现代中国历史的敏锐观察和精辟分析。费正清以博学而洒脱的风格，风趣、清新的笔调，将自己的经历和观察娓娓道来。对读者而言，《费正清中国回忆录》将不仅仅是一本简单的个人传记，而是读懂中国历史的一本重要著作。
正如余英时评价的：“作为史学家的费正清，费正清的学术事业——东亚研究中心，费正清在中美关系中所持的立场。三个方面，三条线索，贯穿了费正清的一生，也是费正清的主要业绩所在，主要思想观点所在。”费正清长期观察中国问题，并且和中国政治、经济、文化各领域的重要人物有交往。他的研究和观点不仅影响了几代美国汉学家和西方的中国学界，而且直接或间接影响了美国政界和公众对中国的态度、看法以及政府对华政策的制定。他既是历史的观察者，也是历史的亲历者。在这个社会的大转型阶段，费正清的经历和著作将是我们思考中国历史、现实与未来的重要途径。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>گروسی: ایران درباره فعالیت های هسته ای اعلام نشده شفاف سازی کند!
به گزارش مجله پیوند به نقل از وبگاه آژانس بین المللی انرژی اتمی، رافائل گروسی مدیرکل آژانس بین المللی انرژی اتمی در نشست امروز شورای حکام با اشاره به سفر ماه آگوست به تهران، گفت: توافقی که در این سفر حاصل شد؛ افزایش همکاری و اعتماد متقابل را در پی داشت.
با این حال وی مدعی شد که این تفاهم مهم درباره (رفع) مسائل رویه ای (روندهای بازرسی) بود و نه مواد مورد بازرسی.
وی در ادامه این ادعا اضافه نمود: اکنون لازم است که ایران درباره فعالیت های هسته ای اعلام نشده خود، شفاف سازی کند.
گروسی در این باره مدعی شد: آژانس تحت توافق پادمانی، به راستی آزمایی عدم انحراف ایران از مواد هسته ای اعلام شده ادامه می دهد. (اما) ایران باید درباره وجود چندین ذره اورانیوم با منشاء انسانی در یکی از سایت های پیشتر اعلام نشده خود، شرح کامل و شفافی بدهد تا نگرانی ها درباره صحت و کامل بودن توافقات پادمانی رفع گردد. ارزیابی ها در مورد عدم وجود فعالیت ها و مواد هسته ای اعلام نشده، همچنان ادامه دارد.
اظهارات گروسی در حالی عنوان شد که میخائیل اولیانوف نماینده روسیه در نهادهای بین المللی مستقر در وین، ساعاتی پیش، طی یک پیغام توئیتری با اعلام خبر شروع نشست فصلی شورای حکام، گفت که این بار، مسئله پادمانی ایران در دستور کار نشست نیست چرا که آژانس به خواست خود مبنی بر بازدید از دو سایت ایرانی رسیده است.منبع: خبرگزاری مهر<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Lavorare in campagna, in giardino o in giardino non può essere definito facile. Pertanto, l'interesse per i modi razionali di fare cose e dispositivi che facilitano e accelerano il lavoro non svanisce. Oggi considereremo un metodo per fabbricare un semplice strumento fatto a mano con le nostre mani, con il quale puoi rimuovere facilmente erbacce, piante da trapianto, semi di piante e molto altro.
Avrai bisogno di:
- un pezzo di una vecchia sezione di 50 mm di un tubo metallico;
- due tubi metallici di 25-30 mm di diametro e 1 m di lunghezza;
- foglio di carta, righello, matita e colla;
- morsa da banco;
- bulgara;
- una piccola striscia d'acciaio spessa 4-5 mm e lunga 200 mm;
- trapano con un trapano;
- una serie di bulloni M6, due rondelle e un dado;
- saldatrice.
Processo di produzione di utensili manuali
Per ricavare corpi di lavoro da un tubo, ritagliamo un formato da 150 per 95 mm da un foglio di carta, una specie di motivo. Dagli angoli del lato più piccolo del formato al centro del lato opposto, disegna linee rette. I modelli dovrebbero essere due.
Mettiamo la colla sul retro del foglio e la incolliamo delicatamente sulla superficie del tubo, combinando con precisione il lato corto del foglio con l'estremità del tubo, che dovrebbe essere rigorosamente perpendicolare al suo asse longitudinale.
Fissiamo il tubo con un motivo incollato in una morsa da banco e utilizziamo la smerigliatrice per tagliare lungo le linee su carta. Giriamo il tubo di 180 gradi e ripetiamo la stessa identica operazione sull'altro lato del tubo.
Di conseguenza, due cunei con superfici cilindriche si formano all'estremità del tubo. Li tagliamo con l'aiuto dello stesso tritacarne dal resto del pezzo di tubo lungo la sezione normale all'asse del tubo alla base. Ecco come appaiono i corpi di lavoro del nostro prodotto fatto in casa.
Ora prendiamo due identici tubi metallici di diametro inferiore e lunghi circa un metro. Su ciascuna di esse da un'estremità facciamo un ritaglio di diametro di 30-35 mm di lunghezza.
In questi ritagli, installiamo i corpi di lavoro della futura sradicatrice con un lato convesso verso il basso in direzione longitudinale in modo che la loro base sia a contatto con l'estremità del taglio e l'asse coincida con l'asse longitudinale del tubo.
In questa posizione, colleghiamo queste parti dell'utensile tra loro utilizzando il processo di saldatura dal retro.
Dalla lamiera tagliamo due lastre di 35 per 80 mm, una delle quali deve essere tagliata con un angolo di 15-20 gradi e l'altra arrotondata. Dal lato arrotondato più vicino al bordo al centro delle piastre, eseguiamo fori con un diametro di 6,5 mm utilizzando un trapano.
Fissiamo le piastre insieme usando il bullone M6, due rondelle e un dado. Le piastre devono ruotare facilmente l'una rispetto all'altra in uno e l'altro lato attorno all'asta del bullone come un asse.
Saldiamo la cerniera a una distanza di 250 mm dalla parte superiore dei corpi di lavoro dello sradicatore alle maniglie in modo che i "picchi" tubolari possano chiudersi saldamente quando la parte superiore delle maniglie viene separata e aperta quando vengono riunite.
L'uso di fatti in casa negli affari
Innanzitutto, utilizziamo il dispositivo come erba infestante, come previsto.Per fare ciò, tenere le maniglie approssimativamente parallele tra loro e attaccare un corpo di lavoro leggermente diluito su entrambi i lati dell'erbaccia e premere la cerniera con il piede, approfondendo lo strumento.
Allontaniamo le impugnature, mentre le impugnature nel terreno si muovono e stringono il fondo dell'erba e delle radici. Solleviamo il dispositivo ed estraiamo l'erba da terra insieme alle radici. Più la pianta è massiccia, più è necessario spostare le maniglie prima di approfondire i corpi di lavoro del nostro sradicatore nel terreno.
Ma si è scoperto che il nostro prodotto fatto in casa può essere utilizzato per un altro scopo. Può anche essere usato per fare buchi nel terreno e piantare semi di varie piante.
Per fare ciò, allarghiamo le maniglie il più possibile e introduciamo i corpi di lavoro chiusi nel terreno alla profondità richiesta. Quindi uniamo leggermente le maniglie in modo che le "cime" divergano leggermente, e abbassiamo il seme (materiale di piantagione) nella depressione tra di loro. Togliamo i corpi di lavoro del dispositivo da terra e riempiamo il buco con loro.
Inoltre, il dispositivo può facilmente trapiantare piccole piante. Potresti essere in grado di trovare altri modi per utilizzare i nostri prodotti fatti in casa.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Mutsuzluğun Peşinde – Ode to Joy (2019) Filmi izle
Mutsuzluğun Peşinde izle, Ode to Joy izle – Brooklyn Kütüphanecisi Charlie nadir görülen bir hastalıktan – katapleksi – muzdarip. Kelimenin tam anlamıyla güçlü duygular, özellikle sevinç ve mutluluk ile felç olur. Charlie hayatı boyunca felç geçirebilecek olaylardan kaçınarak duygularını kontrol etmeyi öğrendi. Ama bir gün, Charlie ona aşık olan güzel ve kendiliğinden bir kız olan Francesca ile tanışır. Bu sefer de mutluluktan vazgeçmeli mi?<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>股票为什么流通
股票是指公司为了融资和实现股权的流动性而发行的一种证券。股票可以在证券市场上进行买卖，这就是股票的流通。那么股票为什么需要流通呢？有以下几个方面的原因。
1.为什么公司发行股票
公司发行股票是为了融资。通过发行股票，公司可以吸引投资者购买股票，从而获取资金用于扩大生产、研发新产品、并购其他公司等。股票的流通可以让公司获得更多的投资者，增加融资渠道，提高融资效率。
2.为什么投资者购买股票
投资者购买股票是为了分享公司的收益。持有股票意味着持有公司的股权，可以分享公司的利润分红。投资者还可以通过股票的价格波动获得资本利益，即买入低价卖出高价获得差价收益。
3.为什么需要股票流通
股票的流通可以提高股票的流动性。如果股票不能流通，投资者要想卖出股票变现就会面临困难。而股票的流通使得投资者可以随时买卖股票，实现资金的快速流动。
4.股票流通对经济发展有何影响
股票的流通有助于资本市场的发展。通过股票的流通，投资者可以将资金从低效率的领域转移到高效率的领域，促进资源的优化配置。股票市场的繁荣也会吸引更多的企业上市，推动经济的发展。
5.有哪些因素影响股票的流通
影响股票流通的因素有很多，包括经济环境、政策法规、投资者需求等。当经济景气度好、政策宽松、投资者对股票投资需求旺盛时，股票的流通性相对较高。
股票流通对于公司融资、投资者获得收益以及经济发展都具有重要意义。股票的流通既有利于公司融资和扩大影响力，也有利于投资者实现财富增值，同时还有助于优化资源配置和推动经济发展。
感谢你浏览了全部内容~<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>简述天下现金网bet8的工作原理
无论是人或动物、植物，还是没有生命力的机器，都需要有一定地能量补给才可以完成一些需要执行的工作，只是形式不一样，获取方式也不一样。比如现在的很多电器设备在工作时就需要各种电源来提供电能支持它的工作，天下现金网bet8就是其中应用较多的一种产品类型。下面小编主要为你简述该电源的工作原理。
1.把直流电逆变成为交流电的电路称为逆变电路。在特定场合下，同一套晶闸管变流电路既可作整流，又能作逆变。
2.变流器工作在逆变状态时，如果把变流器的交流侧接到交流电源上，把直流电逆变为同频率的交流电反送到电网去，叫有源逆变。
3.如果变流器的交流侧不与电网联接，而直接接到负载，即把直流电逆变为某一频率或可调频率的交流电供给负载，则叫无源逆变。交流变频调速就是利用这一原理工作的。
4.有源逆变除用于直流可逆调速系统外，还用于交流饶线转子异步电动机的串级调速和高压直流输电等方面。
以上就是天下现金网bet8的工作原理了，也就是它的工作模式介绍，相信会让你对其有所认识。不同类型地电源，它们的工作模式、功能、特点都不一样，想要为自己选择到一个合适类型地产品，就一定要提前对它的各项知识了解清楚才行。
小编：wp<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Before the advent of reality technology, many design thinkers used different methods for both ideation and development process.
It took quite a time to define then ideate, make a porotype and test the prospective product. However, right after the reality technology, design thinking has become more ‘human-centered’. AR, and VR, Mixed Reality has touched every field, be it architecture, education, or engineering, you name it.
Here’s how mixed reality contributes to the design thinking process in the most effective way.
Welcome Audio 2.0
For factory workers (in particular), and other employees, audio facilitates, but might even cause ear damage. With an enhanced MR, however, you can design a product that will monitor your environment first and ensure your safety by using sound mainly as an augmentation tool.
Head Mounted Display
Things become difficult in holographic displays, mainly because it might not show the real stuff that the peripheral eye needs to see. But with a head-mounted display, things become crystal clear.
In the world of designing, you need to keep the object minimized. Also, it has to be easily movable, especially when it comes to heavy machinery. Usually, MR devices come with FOV of 95, which makes rotation easier. Every kind of useless content is blocked to enhance the experience.
Transforming into 3D
Experts say the experiment is the key to understand MR. Because it is new, you will need to figure out contrast, size, distance, and depth. Once you do, making a prototype will be piece of cake.
While solving the complex solution for the end user, designers should prefer a very task-based solution approach so that complex structures never get neglected. This way, you can also alter and create approachable content for the end user.
Designing is an art and therefore, the profound thought process must be in place so that everybody can use a product to its fullest. With MR, you can make this happen anytime, in real time!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Uyku, vücudun yenilenmesini, dinlenmesini ve kendini tamir etmesini sağlar. Uykuya dalmakta güçlük çekmek ya da çok erken uyanmak şeklinde de olsa, ağır insomnia (uykusuzluk) tüm sağlık durumunu etkileyebilir.
Bireysel uyku gereksinimi 4 saatten 10 saate kadar değişiklik gösterir. Daha yaşlı kimseler genellikle daha az uykuya gereksinim duyarlar çünkü, vücudun işleyici yavaşlamıştır ve gece gerçekleşen uzun tamir dönemlerine duyulan ihtiyaç oldukça azalmıştır. Bunun aksine, hasta ya da sıkıntılı iseniz uyku gereksinimiz artabilir.
Uyku, genel durumlarla iştah kadar yakından ilişkili olduğunda, uykusuzluk, genellikle başka bir sorunun belirtileridir. İş yerinde, okulda ya da aile içinde yaşanan kaygı, baskı ya da gerilim durumları, rahatlamayı güçleştirir. Büyük olasılıkla zihninizde soruna tekrar döneceksiniz ki bu da kesinlikle uykuyu kaçırmaktadır. Matem durumları veya ilişkinizle ilgili sorunlar gibi duygusal krizler ya da ağrılı bir hastalık da rahatlamayı ve uykuya dalmayı güçleştirebilir. Depresyonu olan kişi genellikle uykuyu ulaşılmaz
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و حفظ آن هستیم. بنابراین، چین پیش از این هم در برجام نقش خود را ایفا نموده، که همین در مسئله خاورمیانه بسیار مهم بوده است.
قمنبع: خبرگزاری فارس<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Soğan, Türkiye’de yaygın olarak yetiştirilen ve sıkça tüketilen bir sebzedir. Doğal bir fungisit olarak bilinen soğan, hastalıklara karşı etkili koruyucu özelliklere sahiptir. Soğan tohumlarının haşlama işlemi, bu doğal özelliklerini daha da güçlendirir ve bitki hastalıklarına karşı koruma sağlar.
Soğan tohumlarının haşlama işlemi, tohumlarınızın hastalıklarla mücadele etme yeteneğini artırır. Bu yöntem, bitkilerinizin daha güçlü ve daha sağlıklı büyümesini sağlar. Soğanın doğal fungisit özelliği, bitkilerin mantar ve bakterilere karşı daha dayanıklı olmasını sağlar.
Haşlama işlemi, soğanın doğal özelliklerini koruyarak onların bitkileriniz için güvenli bir koruyucu haline gelmesini sağlar. Bu yöntem, kimyasal fungisitlerin kullanımını azaltarak çevresel dostu bir yaklaşım sunar. Ayrıca, haşlanmış soğan tohumlarının bitki sağlığına zararlı yan etkileri olmaz.
Soğan tohumlarını haşlamadan önce, tohumları seçerken kaliteli ve sağlıklı tohumlara özen göstermeniz önemlidir. Bununla birlikte, haşlama işlemi, tohumları daha da güçlü kılar ve doğal bir fungisit olarak kullanmanızı sağlar. Bu rehberde, soğan tohumlarınızı nasıl haşlayabileceğinizi adım adım öğreneceksiniz.
Makalenin içeriği
- Doğal fungisit kullanmanın önemi
- Soğan tohumlarının haşlama işlemi: adımlar ve gereçler
- Fungisit nasıl hazırlanır?
- Haşlama İşlemi Sırasında Atılması Gereken Adımlar
- Haşlanmış Soğan Tohumlarının Depolanması ve Kullanımı
- 11. Soğan tohumlarının haşlama işlemi sırasında dikkat edilmesi gerekenler
- 11. Soğan tohumlarının haşlama işlemi sonrası hastalıkların kontrolü
Soğan tohumlarının haşlama işlemi, tohumlardan potansiyel hastalıkları ve zararlıları uzaklaştırmak için önemli bir adımdır. Ancak, haşlama işleminden sonra bile bazı hastalıkların ve zararlıların kontrol edilmesi gerekebilir. Bu nedenle, bitki sağlığını korumak için doğal önlemlerin kullanılması önemlidir.
Doğal fungisitler, tohumlarda ve toprakta oluşabilecek mantar ve diğer hastalık etmenlerine karşı etkili bir şekilde mücadele eder. Bu nedenle, haşlanmış soğan tohumlarını depolamadan önce doğal fungisit kullanımına özen göstermek önemlidir.
Doğal fungisit nasıl hazırlanır?
Soğan kabukları: Soğan kabukları, fungisit özelliklere sahiptir ve doğal olarak mantarların gelişimini engeller. Haşlama işleminden sonra, haşlanmış soğan tohumlarına eklenmek üzere kurutulmuş soğan kabukları kullanılabilir.
Sarımsak suyu: Sarımsak, antimikrobiyal ve antifungal özelliklere sahiptir ve mantarların büyümesini önler. 2-3 sarımsak karanfilini ezerek suyunu çıkarın ve haşlanmış soğan tohumlarına ekleyin.
Zeytinyağı ve sabun çözeltisi: Zeytinyağı ve sabun çözeltisi, böceklerin ve mantarların bitkilere yapışmasını ve üremesini engeller. Haşlanmış soğan tohumlarına bu karışımı uygulayarak bitkileri koruyabilirsiniz.
Haşlama işlemi sonrasında, haşlanmış soğan tohumlarını birkaç hafta boyunca tamamen kurumaları için güneşte veya kuru bir ortamda bırakın. Ardından, doğal fungisitleri kullanarak tohumları tedavi edin ve depolayın. Bu şekilde, tohumların daha uzun süre dayanmasını ve hastalıkların kontrol altına alınmasını sağlayabilirsiniz.
Bitki sağlığını korumak için diğer doğal önlemler
Doğal fungisitlerin kullanımı, bitki sağlığına yönelik alınması gereken tek önlem değildir. Bitki hastalıklarını kontrol etmek için aşağıdaki diğer doğal önlemleri de uygulayabilirsiniz:
Toprak düzenli olarak havalandırılmalı ve gevşetilmelidir. Bu, topraktaki oksijen seviyesini artırarak mantar ve diğer hastalık etmenlerinin büyümesini engeller.
Bitkileri düzenli olarak sulamak ve beslemek önemlidir. Yeterli su ve besin almayan bitkiler daha hassas olabilir ve hastalıklara karşı daha savunmasız hale gelebilir.
Biyolojik mücadele yöntemleri kullanın. Örneğin, yararlı böceklerin kullanımı zararlı böceklerin ve zararlıların kontrol edilmesinde etkili olabilir.
Bitkilerinizi düzenli olarak gözlemleyin ve hastalık belirtileri varsa hemen müdahale edin. Hastalıkları erken dönemde tespit etmek, yayılmasını engellemek için önemlidir.
Eğer soğan tohumlarınızı sağlıklı bir şekilde yetiştirmek ve verimli bir hasat elde etmek istiyorsanız, doğal fungisitlerin kullanımı ve diğer doğal önlemleri göz önünde bulundurmanız önemlidir. Bu sayede bitki sağlığını koruyabilir ve hastalık riskini en aza indirebilirsiniz.
Soru-Cevap:
- Soğan tohumlarını haşlama neden gereklidir?
- Soğan tohumlarının haşlama işlemi nasıl yapılır?
- Haşlanmış soğan tohumlarını ne zaman ekilmelidir?
- Haşlama işlemi, doğal bir sebze fungisitinin kullanımını içerir mi?
- Haşlanmış soğan tohumları daha iyi performans gösterir mi?
- Soğan tohumlarının haşlama işlemi neden gereklidir?
- Doğal bir sebze fungisiti kullanmanın avantajları nelerdir?
Doğal fungisit kullanmanın önemi
Doğal fungisit kullanmanın, soğan tohumlarının haşlama işlemi sırasında ve sonrasında önemli avantajları bulunmaktadır. Fungisitler, bitki hastalıklarının neden olduğu zararlı mikroorganizmaların büyümesini kontrol etmek ve öldürmek için kullanılan kimyasal veya biyolojik maddelerdir. Ancak, kimyasal fungisitlerin kullanımı çevresel etkileri ve insan sağlığına potansiyel zararları nedeniyle endişe yaratmaktadır.
Doğal fungisitler ise bitki yetiştiricileri için daha güvenli bir seçenek sunmaktadır. Bu doğal maddeler, bitkilere zarar vermeden hastalık yapıcıların büyümesini engelleyebilir veya öldürebilir. Doğal fungisitler genellikle bitkilerin kendi savunma mekanizmaları tarafından üretilir veya doğada bulunan diğer organizmalar tarafından üretilir.
Doğal fungisitlerin kullanımı, çevreye daha az zarar verir ve toprak, su ve hava kalitesini korur. Ayrıca, biyolojik çeşitliliği teşvik eder ve zararlıların direnç geliştirmesi riskini azaltır.
Doğal fungisitlerin kullanımı aynı zamanda daha sürdürülebilir bir tarım uygulamasıdır. Kimyasal fungisitlerin aşırı kullanımı topraktaki mikroorganizmaları öldürerek toprak verimini düşürebilir ve tarım alanlarında uzun vadeli sorunlara neden olabilir. Bunun yanında, kimyasal fungisitlerin kullanımı da pahalı olabilir. Bu nedenle, doğal fungisitlerle hastalık kontrolü yapmak, verimli ve maliyet etkin bir çözüm olabilir.
Sonuç olarak, doğal fungisit kullanmanın önemi yüksektir. Soğan tohumlarının haşlama işlemi sırasında doğal fungisitler kullanmak, bitki sağlığını koruma, çevreyi koruma ve sürdürülebilir tarımı teşvik etme açısından önemlidir. Doğal fungisitlerin kullanımı ile bitki yetiştiricileri, sağlıklı ve verimli bir üretim süreci sağlayabilir.
Soğan tohumlarının haşlama işlemi: adımlar ve gereçler
Soğan tohumlarının haşlama işlemi, tohumların hastalıklardan korunması ve daha sağlıklı bir şekilde büyümesini sağlamak için önemli bir adımdır. Aşağıda, soğan tohumlarının doğru bir şekilde haşlanması için izlenmesi gereken adımları ve kullanılması gereken gereçleri bulabilirsiniz.
1. Soğan tohumlarının temizlenmesi: Öncelikle, kullanacağınız soğan tohumlarını dikkatlice temizlemelisiniz. Tohumlar üzerindeki toz veya kirleri hafifçe silkeleyerek veya bir fırça yardımıyla temizleyebilirsiniz.
2. Haşlama kabının seçilmesi: Haşlama işlemi için uygun bir kabı seçmelisiniz. Genellikle paslanmaz çelik veya emaye kaplama bir tencere tercih edilir. Bu tür kaplar tohumların sağlıklı bir şekilde haşlanmasını sağlar ve gerektiğinde temizlemesi de daha kolaydır.
3. Su ve doğal fungisit hazırlanması: Haşlama suyuna doğal bir sebze fungisiti eklemek, soğan tohumlarının hastalıklardan korunmasına ve daha iyi bir büyüme sağlamasına yardımcı olur. Fungisit olarak sarımsak suyu veya bakır sülfat gibi doğal malzemeler kullanabilirsiniz. Suyu kaynatın ve fungisiti ekleyin, ardından karışımı soğumaya bırakın.
4. Haşlama işlemi: Temizlenmiş soğan tohumlarını seçtiğiniz haşlama kabına ekleyin. Ardından, hazırladığınız su ve fungisit karışımını tohumların üzerine dökün. Kabı ocağa yerleştirin ve orta ateşte kaynamaya bırakın. Kaynadıktan sonra ateşi kısın ve tohumları 10-15 dakika boyunca haşlayın. Haşlama süresi tohumların büyüklüğüne bağlı olarak değişebilir, bu yüzden tohumların yumuşak olup olmadığını kontrol ederek pişirme süresini ayarlayın.
5. Haşlanmış tohumların soğutulması: Haşlanma işlemi tamamlandıktan sonra, tohumları haşlama kabından çıkarın ve soğuması için bekletin. Soğan tohumları tamamen soğuduktan sonra, depolama veya kullanım için hazırdır.
Haşlama işlemi sırasında dikkate almanız gereken birkaç adım daha vardır. Öncelikle tohumları düzgün bir şekilde haşlayabilmek için yeterli miktarda su kullanmanız önemlidir. Ayrıca, haşlama kabının kapağını kapatıp kapatmama gibi tercihlere dikkat etmelisiniz.
Son olarak, haşlanmış soğan tohumlarını taze tutmak için doğru bir şekilde depolamanız gerekmektedir. Haşlanmış tohumları hava almayan kaplarda saklamak daha iyidir. Böylece tohumlar nemli kalacak ve hastalıklara karşı daha dayanıklı olacaktır.
Soğan tohumlarının haşlama işlemi, bitkilerin sağlıklı bir şekilde büyümesini sağlayan önemli bir adımdır. Bu adımları izleyerek, soğan tohumlarınızı hastalıklardan koruyabilir ve verimli bir şekilde yetiştirebilirsiniz.
Fungisit nasıl hazırlanır?
Fungisitler, bitkilerde hastalık ve zararlı organizmaların neden olduğu hastalıkları kontrol etmek için kullanılan maddelerdir. Doğal fungisitler, kimyasal maddeler yerine bitkisel veya doğal kaynaklardan elde edilen maddelerdir. Soğan tohumlarına uygulanacak doğal fungisit, bitkilerin sağlığını korumak ve hastalıklardan korunmasını sağlamak için kullanılmalıdır.
Doğal fungisitleri hazırlamak için aşağıdaki adımları izleyebilirsiniz:
1. Materyalleri toplayın:
Fungisit hazırlamak için malzemeleri toplayın. İhtiyacınız olan malzemeler şunlardır:
- Doğal bitki özleri (örneğin sarımsak, acı biber, nane)
- Su
- Bir tencere veya kap
- Filtre veya süzgeç
- Sprey şişesi veya benzeri bir kap
2. Bitki özlerini hazırlayın:
Bitki özlerini hazırlamak için seçtiğiniz bitkilerin yapraklarını yıkayın ve doğrayın. Ardından, doğranmış bitkileri bir tencereye veya kaba koyun.
3. Suyu kaynatın:
Bir tencereye su koyun ve kaynatın. Kaynar suyu bitki özlerinin üzerine dökün ve karıştırın. Bu, bitki özlerinin suya geçmesini sağlayacaktır.
4. Karışımı süzün:
Karışımın soğumasını bekleyin ve ardından süzgeç veya filtre yardımıyla bitki parçalarını süzün. Bu adım, sadece bitki özlerini elde etmenizi sağlayacaktır.
5. Sprey şişesine aktarın:
Elde ettiğiniz bitki özlerini bir sprey şişesine veya benzer bir kaba aktarın. Bu sayede fungisiti bitkilere kolaylıkla uygulayabilirsiniz.
Doğal fungisit hazırladıktan sonra, soğan tohumları üzerine uygulayabilirsiniz. Bu doğal yöntem, soğan tohumlarının hastalıklardan korunmasına ve daha sağlıklı büyümesine yardımcı olacaktır.
Haşlama İşlemi Sırasında Atılması Gereken Adımlar
Soğan tohumlarının haşlama işlemi, doğal bir sebze fungisitinin kullanımıyla ilgili önemli bir adımdır. Bu adımlar, tohumların sağlıklı bir şekilde gelişmesini sağlarken, aynı zamanda hastalıklardan korunmaya da yardımcı olacaktır.
Haşlama işlemi sırasında atılması gereken adımları aşağıdaki tabloda bulabilirsiniz:
|Adım
|Açıklama
|1
|Soğan tohumlarını temizleyin: Tohumların üzerindeki toprak ve diğer kalıntıları temizlemek için soğanları suyla yıkayın.
|2
|Suyla ıslatın: Temizlenmiş soğan tohumlarını bir kabın içine koyun ve üzerini kaplayacak kadar su ekleyin. Tohumlar, su içinde en az 12 saat boyunca ıslatılmalıdır.
|3
|Havalandırma yapın: Tohumların üzerindeki suyun buharlaşmasını sağlamak için süzgeç veya benzeri bir araçla suyu dikkatlice boşaltın. Tohumları hava alacak şekilde bir süzgeçte bekletin veya havluya sererek kurumalarını sağlayın.
|4
|Fungisit solüsyonu hazırlayın: Doğal fungisit kullanarak bir solüsyon hazırlayın. Fungisit solüsyonu, tohumları hastalıklardan koruyacak ve gelişmelerini teşvik edecektir. Solüsyonun nasıl hazırlanacağına dair daha fazla bilgiyi makalenin ilgili bölümünde bulabilirsiniz.
|5
|Soğan tohumlarını solüsyon içinde bekletin: Hazırladığınız fungisit solüsyonu içinde soğan tohumlarını en az 15 dakika bekletin. Bu süre, fungisitin tohumlara nüfuz etmesi ve hastalıklara karşı koruyucu bir tabaka oluşturması için yeterlidir.
|6
|Süzgeçleme işlemi yapın: Soğan tohumlarını solüsyondan çıkarın ve fazla solüsyonun süzülmesi için bir süzgeçte bekletin. Bu işlem, tohumların üzerinde fazla solüsyon kalmasını önleyecektir.
|7
|Kurutma işlemi yapın: Süzgeçte beklettiğiniz soğan tohumlarını havalandırılmış bir alanda kurumaları için bırakın. Tohumların tamamen kuruması en az birkaç saat sürebilir.
|8
|Tohumları depolayın: Kurumuş soğan tohumlarını hava almayan bir kapta, serin ve kuru bir yerde saklayın. Bu, tohumların daha uzun süre dayanmasını sağlayacak ve gelecek sezon için kullanıma hazır olmalarını sağlayacaktır.
Haşlama işlemi sırasında atılması gereken bu adımlar, soğan tohumlarının sağlıklı bir şekilde çimlenmesini ve büyümesini sağlayacak önemli adımlardır. Ayrıca, doğal fungisit kullanarak hastalıklara karşı koruma sağlanması da bu adımların bir sonucudur. Bu yöntemle soğan yetiştiriciliğinde daha sağlıklı ve kaliteli ürün elde edebilirsiniz.
Haşlanmış Soğan Tohumlarının Depolanması ve Kullanımı
Haşlanmış soğan tohumları, uzun süre doğru şekilde depolanması durumunda, bitki yetiştiriciliği için değerli bir kaynak olabilir. İşte bu süreci optimize etmek için izlenebilecek adımlar:
1. Soğan tohumlarını temizleyin: Haşlama işleminden önce, tohumları dikkatlice temizleyin ve herhangi bir dışarıda kalan malzemeyi çıkarın. Bu, tohumların daha uzun süre dayanmasına yardımcı olacaktır.
2. Soğan tohumlarını kurulayın: Tohumları tamamen kurulamak önemlidir çünkü rutubet, çürümeye neden olabilir. Kurutma makineleri veya doğal güneş ışığı kullanarak tohumları kurutun.
3. Uygun bir konteyner seçin: Haşlanmış soğan tohumlarını depolamak için uygun bir konteyner seçin. Plastik veya cam kavanozlar gibi hava geçirmeyen kaplar tercih edilmelidir.
Not: Konteynerin sıkıca kapanması kritiktir çünkü hava, tohumların bozulmasına ve küf oluşumuna neden olabilir.
4. Tohumları serin ve kuru bir yerde saklayın: Haşlanmış soğan tohumlarını, serin ve kuru bir yerde saklayın. Yüksek sıcaklık ve nem, tohumların çabuk bozulmasına neden olabilir. Ideal depolama sıcaklığı 10-15°C arasındadır.
5. Tohumları düzenli olarak kontrol edin: Depolanan soğan tohumlarını düzenli olarak kontrol edin ve herhangi bir belirtiye (küf, çürüme, vb.) karşı dikkatlice gözlemleyin. Bozulmuş tohumları hemen çıkarın.
6. Haşlanmış soğan tohumlarını kullanmak: Depolanan soğan tohumlarını kullanmadan önce, sağlamlık ve canlılık açısından kontrol edin. Eğer herhangi bir sorun yoksa, tohumları güvenle kullanabilirsiniz.
Depolama süresine bağlı olarak, haşlanmış soğan tohumlarının çimlenme oranında bir azalma yaşanabilir. Bu nedenle, mümkünse taze tohumlar kullanmak en iyisidir. Ayrıca, bitki sağlığını korumak için diğer doğal önlemleri de düşünebilirsiniz.
11. Soğan tohumlarının haşlama işlemi sırasında dikkat edilmesi gerekenler
Soğan tohumlarının haşlama işlemi sırasında bazı önemli adımlara dikkat etmek oldukça önemlidir. Doğru teknikler kullanılmazsa, tohumlar zarar görebilir ve isten
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L’utilizzo di questo rapporto è disciplinato dalle condizioni di utilizzo di Scripta Finance, ne è vietata la divulgazione a scopo commerciale ed è ad uso privato del cliente Scripta Finance. Vendere o linkare tale report costituisce una violazione del diritto d’autore degli analisti di Scripta Finance, ogni violazione di tale diritto è punito con il ban da eventuali report e potrebbe precludere l’esclusione dalla lista dei nostri clienti.
Seguimi anche sul gruppo Facebook “Battere il Benchmark” ==> https://bit.ly/2wzzIez
Acquista il mio libro “Battere il Benchmark” ==> https://bit.ly/2WvfCgd<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Finalmente la Warner Bros. ha deciso soddisfare i fan e rilasciare la Snyder Cut!
Finalmente la Snyder Cut di Justice League è in arrivo!
Molti fan si stanno ancora chiedendo cosa sia realmente accaduto con Justice League e il futuro dei film della DC Films che non sono mai stati pubblicati. Dopo Batman V Superman: Dawn of Justice, e la sua ricezione mista da parte della critica, la Warner Bros. Pictures ha apportato importanti cambiamenti al seguito e causato una scissione col regista originale, Zack Snyder.
Ora le cose però stanno per cambiare. Stando ad una fonte vicina alla Warner Bros – che ci ha contattati privatamente e che ha deciso di rimanere anonima in quanto pare sia la figlia della sorella della cugina di primo grado di Snyder, sembra che la casa di produzione di Burbank abbia effettivamente intenzione di produrre la tanto vociferata Snyder Cut.
Zack Snyder è segnalato come di ritorno al DC Extended Universe, ed in una recente dichiarazione ha apertamente detto che la sequenza in cui Arthur Curry e Ben Affleck parlano di come Aquaman sappia parlare con i pesci lo ha convinto a tornare e a condannare il taglio di Joss Whedon.
“Nel taglio originale che avevo ideato la conversazione tra Bruce e Arthur verteva su argomenti particolari, e lasciava intendere che Aquaman fosse diventato vegetariano a seguito della morte della mamma di Nemo. Il tutto portava quindi ad una discussione fra i due, e su quale alla fine fosse il modo migliore per uccidere il barracuda responsabile dell’omicidio.”
Altre fonti aggiungono che il successo stesso di Aquaman lo abbia convinto a tornare alla sedia del regista. Attendiamo ulteriori informazioni.
Ovviamente è un pesce d’aprile…. scusate, dovevo farlo.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>دکتر شریعتی
روزی در یکی از دبیرستان ها موقع برگذاری امتحان سال چهارم درس انشا این موضوع به دانش آموزان داده شده بود :
شجاعت یعنی چه ؟
..
یکی از دانش آموزان در مقابل این موضوع . فقط یک جمله نوشته بود .
شجاعت یعنی این .
برگه آن دانش آموز دست به دست همه چرخید و بدون استثنا همه به اون نمره ی کامل دادن .<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Encapsulation in C++
A key idea in object-oriented programming (OOP) is encapsulation, which permits data hiding and gives classes a way to isolate their implementation details from their clients. C++ is an OOP language that provides several features for implementing encapsulation, such as access specifiers and member functions. In this post, we'll examine the C++ implementation of the encapsulation principle.
Encapsulation in C++:
The act of encapsulating involves combining data and the methods that manipulate it into a single entity, referred to as a class. A class in C++ is a user-defined data type that has member methods and data members. The member functions are methods that work on the data members, which are variables that hold an object's state.
C++ provides three access specifiers, public, private, and protected, to control the accessibility of class members. Anywhere in the programme can access the members thanks to the public access specifier. Only the member functions of the class are permitted access to the members thanks to the private access specifier. The member functions of the class and its derived classes are able to access the members thanks to the protected access specifier.
By default, all the members of a class are private. Therefore, we need to specify the access specifiers explicitly to control the accessibility of the members.
Member functions are functions that are defined inside a class and operate on the data members of that class. Because they are a component of the class, member functions can access the private members of the class. Member functions can be classified into two types: accessor functions and mutator functions.
Accessor functions are member functions that provide read-only access to the data members of a class. Accessor functions do not modify the state of the object. Examples of accessor functions include get() and display() functions.
Mutator functions are member functions that modify the state of the object by changing the value of the data members. Mutator functions have access to and control over a class's private members. Examples of mutator functions include set() and update() functions.
Data hiding is an important aspect of encapsulation that enables the data members of a class to be hidden from the clients of the class. By making the data members private and enabling accessor and mutator functions to access and modify the data members, data hiding can be accomplished.
Here's a simple example of encapsulation in C++:
In this example, we have defined a class named Employee that has three private data members: empId, empName, and empSalary. We have also defined six public member functions: setEmpId(), setEmpName(), setEmpSalary(), getEmpId(), getEmpName(), and getEmpSalary().
The values of the private data members are set using the set functions, which are mutator functions. The values of the private data members are retrieved using the get functions, which are accessor functions.
In the main() function, we have created an object of the Employee class and used the mutator functions to set the values of the private data members. We have then used the accessor functions to get the values of the private data members and printed them to the console.
Employee ID: 101 Employee Name: John Doe Employee Salary: 5000
In this way, encapsulation is implemented in C++ using access specifiers and member functions. The private data members are hidden from the outside world, and the public member functions provide a controlled interface to access and modify them.
Benefits of encapsulation:
Encapsulation provides several benefits, including:
In conclusion, encapsulation is a fundamental concept in object-oriented programming that enables data hiding and provides a mechanism for separating the implementation details of a class from its clients. C++ provides several features for implementing encapsulation, such as access specifiers and member functions. Encapsulation provides several benefits, including improved code maintainability, data hiding, code reuse, and security. Therefore, encapsulation is an essential concept in C++ programming that should be understood and applied correctly.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Quando si esegue una rianimazione cardiopolmonare si è esposti a un rischio infettivo; gli studi scientifici evidenziano che il rischio di contrarre un’infezione durante la rianimazione cardiopolmonare è estremamente basso a fronte di una morte certa della vittima in assenza di rianimazione tuttavia è importante preservare il soccorritore dal rischio infettivo anche durante l’epidemia COVID 19. Si raccomanda di agire come segue:
In caso di un adulto in arresto cardiaco con sospetta o accertata infezione COVID-19
Nei bambini è probabile che l’arresto cardiaco sia causato da un problema respiratorio pertanto, la RCP completa con compressioni toraciche e ventilazioni rimane fondamentale per aumentare le possibilità di sopravvivenza del bambino.
Il rischio di trasmissione del virus è molto più basso rispetto alla morte certa del bambino in assenza di RCP.
In caso di un bambino in arresto cardiaco con sospetta o accertata infezione COVID-19:
Continuare la RCP e defibrillazione con DAE, se indicata, fino all’arrivo dell’ambulanza.
E’ fondamentale indossare i DPI durante tutte le fasi di soccorso (guanti, mascherina e visiera paraschizzi), al termine del soccorso è importante lavarsi le mani con acqua e sapone o con soluzione alcolica (anche se sono stati indossati i guanti) e cambiarsi i vestiti che devono essere lavati il prima possibile.
fonte: ircouncil<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>به گزارش خبرنگار اجتماعی خبرگزاری تسنیم، براساس اعلام سایت «ایندیا تودی» کشور هند طی ۲۴ ساعت گذشته در تعداد مبتلایان به کرونا رکورد جدیدی را به ثبت رساند. امروز وزارت بهداشت هند اعلام کرد که با افزایش ۹ هزار و ۹۷۱ مورد جدید از ابتلا به کرونا تعداد مبتلایان این کشور به ۲۴۶ هزار و ۶۲۸ نفر رسیده است.
همچنین در هند تاکنون ۶ هزار و ۹۴۶ نفر جان خود را بر اثر بیماری کرونا از دست داده اند. با این حساب هند پس از کشورهای آمریکا، برزیل، روسیه، اسپانیا و انگلیس در جدول تعداد مبتلایان و قربانیان کرونا در رده ششم جهان قرار دارد.
تداوم محدودیت ها و ممنوعیت کسب و کارها به دلیل شیوع گسترده کرونا باعث شده تا رشد اقتصادی هند که از آن به عنوان ششمین اقتصاد بزرگ جهان نام برده می شود در ماه های اخیر به ۳٫۱ کاهش یابد که در ۱۶ سال گذشته بی سابقه بوده است.
انتهای پیام/<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The Wnt signaling pathways, highly conserved amongst various species, are a group of signal transduction pathways made of proteins that pass signals into a cell through cell surface receptors, and are essential in developmental processes. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that abnormal activated Wnt singling pathway is closely related to the development of cardiovascular disease, liver fibrosis and cancer; while the down-regulation of key molecules in the Wnt signaling pathway leads to another type of disease, such as familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, Alzheimer's disease and osteoporosis. Therefore, further research on the Wnt signaling pathway, discovery and identification of new molecules affecting the Wnt signaling pathway is very important for understanding the mechanism of early development of animals and treatment-related diseases.
1. The history of the Wnt signaling pathway
The Wnt gene was originally identified as a site for preferential integration of mouse mammary tumor virus by Nusse and Varmus, which discovered in 1982. This gene, named the Int gene at that time, is an oncogene and transmits the information of proliferation and differentiation between cells. It was subsequently found an orthologous gene (known as wingless gene) in Drosophila. The name of Wnt is derived from Int and wingless gene. With the further research, it has been found that the Wnt gene family is very large, and most of them are multi-gene family. Its gene structure is highly conserved from low invertebrates to vertebrates, and Its homologous sequence is about 27-83%. The Wnt protein, encoded by the Wnt gene, initiates an intracellular signaling pathway, conducts growth stimulation signals, and participates in various developmental mechanisms, such as cell differentiation, migration, and proliferation of cell fate. Because its promoter protein is WNT protein, it is named Wnt signaling pathway. In a word, Wnt gene plays a key role in animal growth and development.
2. Wnt family
Wnt includes a diverse family of secreted lipid-modified signaling glycoproteins that are 350-400 amino acids in length. The type of lipid modification that occurs on these proteins is palmitoylation of cysteines in a conserved pattern of 23-24 cysteine residues. Palmitoylation is a necessary in Wnt signaling pathway, because it initiates targeting of the Wnt protein to the plasma membrane for secretion and it allows the Wnt protein to bind its receptor due to the covalent attachment of fatty acids. Wnt proteins also undergo glycosylation, which attaches a carbohydrate in order to ensure proper secretion. In Wnt signaling, these proteins activate the different Wnt pathways via paracrine and autocrine routes as ligands.
These proteins are highly conserved across species. They can be found in mice, humans, Xenopus, zebrafish, Drosophila and many others. If you want to know more targets about the Wnt signaling pathway, please click this link.https://www.cusabio.com/pathway/Wnt-signaling-pathway.html.
Table 1. the members of Wnt family in different species
WNT1, WNT2, WNT2B, WNT3, WNT3A, WNT4, WNT5A, WNT5B, WNT6, WNT7A, WNT7B, WNT8A, WNT8B, WNT9A, WNT9B, WNT10A, WNT10B, WNT11, WNT16
Mus musculus (Identical proteins as in H. sapiens)
Wnt1, Wnt2, Wnt2B, Wnt3, Wnt3A, Wnt4, Wnt5A, Wnt5B, Wnt6, Wnt7A, Wnt7B, Wnt8A, Wnt8B, Wnt9A, Wnt9B, Wnt10A, Wnt10B, Wnt11, Wnt16
Wnt1, Wnt2, Wnt2B, Wnt3, Wnt3A, Wnt4, Wnt5A, Wnt5B, Wnt6, Wnt7A, Wnt7B, Wnt8A, Wnt8B, Wnt10A, Wnt10B, Wnt11, Wnt11R
Wg, DWnt2, DWnt3/5, DWnt4, DWnt6, WntD/DWnt8, DWnt10
hywnt1, hywnt5a, hywnt8, hywnt7, hywnt9/10a, hywnt9/10b, hywnt9/10c, hywnt11, hywnt16
mom-2, lin-44, egl-20, cwn-1, cwn-2
*This data of table 1 is derived from Wikpedia
3. Three types of the Wnt signaling pathways
The Wnt signaling pathway is a complex regulatory network that have been characterized with three branches, including the canonical Wnt pathway, the planar cell polarity(PCP) pathway, and the Wnt/Ca2+ pathway. All three pathways are activated though binding a Wnt-protein ligand to a Frizzled family receptor, which transmits the biological signal to the Dishevelled protein inside the cell. The canonical Wnt pathway leads to regulation of gene transcription, and is thought to be negatively regulated in part by the SPATS1 gene. The noncanonical planar cell polarity pathway regulates the cytoskeleton that is responsible for the shape of the cell. The noncanonical Wnt/calcium pathway regulates calcium inside the cell.
Canonical Wnt pathway
Canonical Wnt pathway, also known as WNT/β-Catenin Signaling pathway, activates transcription of target genes through stabilization of β-catenin in the nucleus. β-Catenin is a protein of 80 kDa that is a vital molecule in the WNT/β-Catenin Signaling pathway. The function of this pathway during embryonic development has been originally elucidated by experimental analysis of axis development in the frog Xenopus laevis and of segment polarity and wing development in the fly Drosophila melanogaster. As shown in the picture 1, In the "Off" state, β-Catenin is bound in a β-Catenin destruction complex which is consist of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), axin, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and casein kinase-1 (CK-1). β-catenin is phosphorylated by the kinases in this complex, thereby targeting this complex for degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome system. In the "On" state, the receptor complex containing frizzled and LRP5/6 binds to WNT, which recruits the disheveled (DVL) protein to the plasma membrane. Meanwhile, several components of the β-catenin destruction complex are recruited to the membrane, which prevents the phosphorylation of β-catenin. Therefore, this protein can now
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the spelling/contraction for a specific word.
- H Chord: When a student is finished with an app, they can use the H chord to get back to the home screen.
- D Chord: When writing in a Pages document, use the D chord to delete. (The setting on the rotor will determine if a character, word, or line will be deleted).<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Certificate Course: Introduction to Multi-Tiered
System of Supports (MTSS)
Welcome to Panorama's MTSS Certificate Program!
The movement toward a multi-tiered system of supports (MTSS) has been gaining momentum in K-12 public schools across the country.
The MTSS framework—inclusive of response to intervention (RTI)—uses data-based decision making to support students across academics, behavior, social emotional learning (SEL), and mental health.
In this professional development course, you'll learn how to get started building a MTSS in your own school district, with practice resources and tools from MTSS experts to guide your professional learning.
Once you are ready, create a Panorama Learning Center account to access this course, save your course progress, and earn a course certificate. To learn more and access FAQs, please click on "How It Works" in the main navigation.
What you will learn:
- The definition of MTSS, how it relates to other student support frameworks (such as RTI and PBIS), and how to center equity and the whole child.
- How to implement MTSS by creating structures and practices such as Student Support Teams.
- How to build a school or district-wide tiered intervention menu that includes academic and behavioral interventions.
- How to engage in data-driven problem solving, decision making, intervention planning, and progress monitoring.
Best for learners who are:
- District administrators looking to build or optimize a multi-tiered system of supports (MTSS)
- School administrators who are charged with leading MTSS on campus
- Support staff members and site leaders for MTS
Course takes approximately 1 hour to complete.
6 lessons, 5 videos, 3 practice activities, and 7 quiz questions.
Receive a certificate of completion once you complete all modules of the "Introduction to MTSS" course.
Create a Learning Center Account
Create a Panorama Learning Center account to access this course, save your course progress, and earn course certificates.
Already a member? Sign in here to access your existing Panorama Learning Center courses as well as this course.
Meet Your Panorama Instructors!
Maurice Anderson (He/His)
Ryan Werb (He/His)<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>آژانس توسعه چای کنیا، پس از لغو تحریم ها، بازارهای جدیدی برای چای این کشور در ایران و روسیه پیدا کرده است.
به گزارش تاجرپرس به نقل از پایگاه خبری نیشن، به گفته پیتر کانیاگو، رئیس آژانس توسعه چای کنیا، این آژانس به توسعه تولید چای خود ادامه خواهد داد تا موقعیت برتر هند و سریلانکا در بازار چای در طی سال های اخیر را به چالش بکشد.
کانیاگو گفت: «ما فعالیت های بازاریابی و نفوذ زیادی را در این دو بازار انجام داده ایم زیرا فصد داریم به تولید کننده عمده چای اورتودوکس تبدیل شویم.»
وی افزود، تولید فعلی چای ارتودوکس در کنیا برای تامین نیاز بازارهای جدید کافی نیست.
بازار ایران و روسیه نیازمند حداقل ۱۰ تا ۱۲۲ میلیون کیلو چای ارتودوکس است اما کنیا تنها سه درصد از این میزان چای را در سه کارخانه کشور تولید می کند.
چای اورتودوکس به چایی گفته می شود که از کل برگ گیاه چای و در یک فرآیند سنتی تهیه می شود و معمولا گرانتر از چای سیاه است.
این آژانس قصد دارد تا ایجاد ۸ کارخانه در سراسر کنیا، چای مورد نیاز بازارهای هدف ا تامین نماید.
کنیا بزرگترین صادر کننده چای سیاه در جهان است.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>医疗废物处理设备的处理工艺包括以下几个步骤∶
1、传送器把医疗垃圾送进处理设备后，外界与滤气室之间一号闭合装置关闭并封紧，此时氮气被通入滤气室中，以清除运送医疗垃圾时进入滤气室中的氧气，避免氧气进入清理室影响解聚过程。
2、氧气除尽后，滤气室与清理室之间的二号闭合装置随即打开，垃圾被送进清理室，此时二号闭合装置和清理室与碾磨室之间的三号闭合装置全部闭合，医疗垃圾在密封的清理室内。在磁电管装置产生的微波的辐射下发生解聚合作用，转化成没损害没污染的简单化合物。另外，为免解聚过程中产生的废气外泄，滤气室和碾磨室的气压要比清理室略高一些。
3、当清理周期结束时三号闭合装置便自动开启，解聚后的无菌残余物从清理室进入碾磨室，经碾磨并冷却后，剩余的垃圾碎末便在鼓风机的作用下通过管道排入回收室。此时的垃圾碎末在体积上只是处理前的医疗垃圾的10%，在质量上只是处理前的30%。
4、在回收室中，垃圾碎末经回收箱集中后，通过传送设备输送出医疗废物处理设备，垃圾处理过程完毕。
5、在垃圾处理过程中产生的含有氢氯酸等有害物质的蒸气通过设备中的废气净化系统进行净化。从滤气室排出的气体主要是用氮气置换出的空气，有害物质含量小，因而直接进入主洗涤槽进行过法。从清理室和碾磨室排出的废气则要经过文氏管和辅助洗涤槽进行初步过滤和冷凝出碳氢化合物后，再进入主洗涤槽进行过滤，废气流出医疗废物处理设备的主洗涤槽后，经热氧化器或涡轮终处理后排入空中，此时的废气已经是一种没损害没污染的气体。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Defterdar
Defterdar (Turco Ottomano: دفتردار) era il titolo del responsabile finanziario nell'Impero Ottomano. La parola è di origine persiana e deriva dal termine Defter (catasto fiscale). L'ufficio di questi funzionari fiscali era chiamato Defterdârlık / دفتردارلق, l'autorità finanziaria centrale Defterhâne / دفترخانه.
Dal XV secolo c'erano due Defterdâr. Uno era responsabile per la Rumelia, cioè la parte europea dell'impero, l'altro era responsabile per la supervisione finanziaria dell'Anatolia e delle altre parti dell'Asia. Il Defterdâr di Rumelia, in quanto principale defterdâr (baş defterdâr) , aveva la funzione di Ministro delle Finanze per l'intero impero. Nella seconda metà del XVI secolo fu nominato un terzo Defterdâr, con sede ad Aleppo. Questo fu d'ora in poi responsabile per le province arabe e l'Egitto.
L'autorità fiscale centrale dell'Impero Ottomano (Defterhâne) era nel palazzo del sultano a Costantinopoli. Già nel XVI secolo, questa autorità avrebbe avuto 800 dipendenti che lavoravano in circa 25 diversi dipartimenti. Le competenze della Defterhâne includevano la gestione delle entrate del Tesoro, composto di tributi, tasse, imposte e tasse, così come la spesa, in particolare i pagamenti del soldo e degli stipendi, il mantenimento della corte del sultano e le spese per l'esercito. Inoltre, tale autorità verificava la gestione della proprietà terriera statale, dei cosiddetti domini di Stato (ha-ı Humayun) e delle terre di proprietà statale che erano stati assegnati col sistema del Tımare. Il Defterdâr e i suoi dipendenti, per scrivere i loro registri utilizzavano una sorta di scrittura segreta, il siyakat. In questo modo, si sarebbero dovuti prevenire gli abusi e le contraffazioni.
La centralizzazione della gestione finanziaria ottomana raggiunse già nella seconda metà del XV secolo sotto il regno di Mehmed II il suo apice, quando i Defterdar erano subordinati direttamente al Gran Visir. Durante il periodo di massimo splendore dell'impero nel XV e XVI secolo, la gestione finanziaria ottomana fu la più moderna ed efficiente in Europa.
Nell'ambito delle riforme del Tanzimat, dal 1839 l'ormai decaduta l'amministrazione finanziaria dello stato ottomano venne riorganizzata. L'autorità fiscale centrale si chiamò da questo momento in poi Maliye.[1] Defterdâr divenne da allora in poi il titolo del direttore finanziario in ogni provincia, anche nella repubblica di Turchia.
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- Klaus Kreiser: Der Osmanische Staat. (Oldenbourg Grundriss der Geschichte, 30). Monaco 2001 ISBN 3-486-53721-0<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>در یک اکوسیستم پویای نوآوری، یک شبکه اجتماعی حمایتگر می تواند از طرق مختلف باعث پیشرفت کارآفرینان گردد. اگر کارآفرینان شبکه اجتماعی بالاتری داشته باشند، در کسب و کار خود نیز موفق تر خواهند بود. یک کارآفرین موفق، پرشور و متعهد بر سایر فعالان اکوسیستم تأثیر می گذارد و به آن ها جهت، ا
استارتاپ ها زمانی که بازیگری در یک اکوسیستم پویای کارآفرینی باشند از شانس بهتری برای رشد و توسعه برخوردارند. در چنین محیطی یک شبکه اجتماعی حمایتگر می تواند از طرق مختلف باعث پیشرفت کارآفرینان شود. کارآفرینانی با شبکه اجتماعی بالاتر، کسب و کار موفق تری خواهند داشت. این افراد روی سایر فعالان اکوسیستم نیز اثر می گذارند و به آنها جهت، انگیزه و هدف می دهند.
یک اکوسیستم کارآفرینی علاوه بر استارتاپ ها، شامل برنامه های حمایتی، مربیان، سرمایه گذاران، فضای سیاست گذاری فعال، فرهنگ کارآفرینی و نوآوری و همچنین افراد مستعد می باشد.
سیاست گذاران اکوسیستم کارآفرینی تصمیم می گیرند چه حوزه های فناورانه ای را در اولویت توسعه قرار دهند و سپس از طریق شتابدهنده ها حمایت های لازم را برای کارآفرینان حوزه های مد نظر برقرار خواهند نمود. شتابدهنده پرتقال نیز به نوبه خود همواره در راستای جذب حمایت و شبکه سازی برای استارتاپ ها و کارآفرینان نوپا تلاش می کند. این اقدامات از سویی به اشتغال زایی کمک می کنند و از سوی دیگر، سایرین را به سمت تجاری سازی ایده ها و توسعه دانش بنیان سوق می دهند.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Venerdì sera la festa entraeta organizzata dalla Federazione di Moros y Cristianos da Denia. Alla presenza di centinaia di curiosi, i comparsas hanno visitato il cuore della città, da Glorieta dal paese di Valencià al porto.
All'ingresso, che è servito da riscaldamento per le festività del mese prossimo, Moros e poi Cristianos hanno sfilato per primi in un breve e veloce passo. Tuttavia, tutti i presenti si sono divertiti a guardare questa esibizione dei compari.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>I poliziotti devono sempre mantenere la calma, anche se le persone con cui hanno a che fare sono molto agitate; alcuni agenti però, come loro personalità, si agitano e a volte non riescono a far fronte, correttamente, alle situazioni in cui si ritrovano. È il caso del poliziotto George J. Manganaro, di 29 anni, che stava arrestando, insieme ad altri colleghi un ragazzo. Quest’ultimo era stato trovato nelle vicinanze di un’abitazione a Penns Grove , in New Jersey, probabilmente per fare un furto; è stata avvisata la polizia che è giunta sul posto e ha fermato il ragazzo.
Mentre uno dei colleghi era all’interno della casa per controllare fosse tutto al suo posto, fuori avveniva una scena che ha fatto molto scalpore. La telecamera dell’auto ha ripreso il ladro che cercava di divincolarsi dalle manette e dal controllo degli agenti, fino a quando è stato fatto sedere a terra. Anche da quella posizione era molto agitato e ha tentato di rialzarsi ma Manganaro ha reagito sferrandogli un calcio in testa, così forte da fargli volare pure il cappello che indossava. Una reazione impulsiva che alcuni considerano troppo violenta, altri giusta per la circostanza. Il poliziotto è stato accusato di aggressione aggravata ed è stato sospeso dalle forze di polizia.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Alcolismo: uscirne è possibile
Con il termine clinica di codificazione da alcolismo in samar si intende indicare un'entità superiore dotata di potenza straordinaria variamente denominata e significata nelle diverse culture religiose.
Un dibattito senza diplomaziaIl castello interioreIl cavaliere del maleIl cinque maggioIl circo volante dei Monty PythonIl consulente matrimonialeIl conte di MontecristoIl CorbaccioIl crepuscolo degli idoliIl crollo della mente bicamerale e l'origine della coscienzaIl DecameronIl diavolo PapiniIl dolore innocente.
Come la scienza determina i valori umaniIl paese del carnevaleIl pap'occhioIl paradiso delle deeIl petroliereIl posto delle fragoleIl potere del mitoIl principe d'EgittoIl principe predestinatoIl principio passione. Lezioni sul simbolo apostolicoIntuizioneIntuizione intellettualeInuitInukami! A volte ritorno il titolo originale è The Second Coming, cioè clinica di codificazione da alcolismo in samar Seconda venuta" è un romanzo fortemente ironico dello scrittore scozzese John Clinica di codificazione da alcolismo in samar.
L'etimologia del nome Abacuc è incerta, potendo derivare dal nome di una pianta in assiro, probabilmente la cassia, oppure da una parola in ebraico significante colui che abbraccia o colui che lotta. Abassi è il dio del cielo creatore della prima coppia di uomini, della popolazione africana nigeriana, Efik.
Abate è il titolo spettante al superiore di una comunità monastica di dodici o più monaci, particolarmente utilizzato nella Chiesa cattolica. Abba reso anche Abbà è un appellativo — traducibile come "papà" — usato in ambito giudaico antico per rivolgersi in maniera informale al padre.
L'abbandono, inteso come abbandono di sé stessi ad un disegno di portata più ampia, è, nell'ascetica e clinica di codificazione da alcolismo in samar mistica, la disposizione dell'anima per cui essa si dona completamente a Dio, accettando senza preoccupazioni il corso degli eventi. L'abbazia di Fiastra sorge nella bassa Valle del Fiastrone, o Fiastra da cui il nome in prossimità dell'omonimo fiume, nel territorio dei comuni di Tolentino e Urbisaglia e rappresenta il più importante edificio monastico delle Marche.
L'abbazia di Moissac, dedicata a san Pietro, si trova nel comune di Moissac nel clinica di codificazione da alcolismo in samar del Tarn e Garonna nella regione di Midi-Pirenei sulle rive del Tarn. L'abbazia di Morimondo è un'abbazia cistercense sita a pochi chilometri da Milano, in località Morimondo, ai confini con il territorio di Pavia. L'abbazia di Pomposa situata nel comune di Codigoro in provincia di Ferrara è un'abbazia risalente al IX secolo e una delle più importanti di tutto il Nord Italia.
L'abbazia Saint-Étienne di Bassac è un'abbazia benedettina situata a Bassac, è un'abbazia benedettina fondata all'inizio dell'XI secolo. Nato in un'agiata famiglia di Lione attiva nel commercio della seta, quinto di otto figli, trascorse la sua infanzia ad Irigny.
L'abbigliamento clinica di codificazione da alcolismo in samar Grecia era generalmente di carattere molto semplice, spesso costituito da un unico rettangolo di stoffa, non cucito, ma drappeggiato intorno al corpo, con stili pressoché identici sia nell'abbigliamento maschile che in quello femminile.
L'abbreviazione detta anche abbreviatura è la riduzione, eventualmente mediante simboli convenzionali, di una parola o di una frase nella
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，澳大利亚和新西兰等使用的官方语言均为英语。
商务翻译不同于一般翻译，涵盖了管理市场，法律合同，税务以及人事管理等企业运作及其运作环境的方方面面，尤其可以体现一个翻译公司的多领域翻译能力和综合水准。
无论是商业抑或个人行为，网站的建设往往以宣传为目的。双语网站和多语种网站，对于宣传产品,服务,以及观点都有着毋庸置疑的推动作用。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>به گزارش جهان نیوز به نقل از ایسنا، در حقیقت اضطراب از شایع ترین مشکلات سلامت روان است. در آمریکا بیش از ۱۸ درصد بزرگسالان هر ساله با اختلالات اضطراب مواجه می شوند. در برخی از موارد نیز دیگر مشکلات جسمی از قبیل پرکاری تیروئید می تواند به اختلال اضطراب منجر شود.
درمان های طبیعی در کنار روش های مرسوم راهکارهای موثر برای مقابله با استرس و اضطراب هستند که از آن جمله می توان به موارد زیر اشاره کرد:
ورزش کردن: بازبینی نتایج ۱۲ مطالعه در سال ۲۰۱۵ نشان داد که ورزش کردن می تواند درمانی برای اضطراب باشد. هرچند در این بررسی تاکید شده است که تنها مطالعه ای با کیفیت تر می تواند چگونگی این تاثیرگذاری را تعیین کند.
مدیتیشن: مدیتیشن به آرام شدن ذهن و مدیریت آسان تر استرس و اضطراب کمک می کند. انواع گسترده ای از سبک های مدیتیشن از جمله خودآگاهی و مراقبه در حین انجام حرکات یوگا کمک کننده است.
تمرینات آرامش عضلانی: برخی از افراد به طور ناخودآگاه در واکنش به اضطراب عضلات خود را منقبض کرده یا فک های خود را بر هم می فشارند. در این شرایط تمرینات آرامش عضلانی می تواند به فرد کمک کند.
نوشتن: پیدا کردن راهی برای بیان احساس اضطراب باعث می شود راحت تر بتوان آن را کنترل کرد. برخی مطالعات نشان می دهد نوشتن به افراد کمک می کند بهتر با اضطراب کنار آیند.
راهکارهای مدیریت زمان: برخی از افراد زمانیکه با انبوهی از وظایف روبرو شوند، مضطرب می شوند. برنامه ریزی برای انجام این کارهای ضروری می تواند در دور نگه داشتن احساس استرس موثر باشد. راهکارهای مدیریت زمان باعث می شود فرد در یک زمان، تنها روی یک کار تمرکز کند.
رایحه درمانی: استشمام اسانس های ...
با عضویت در خبرنامه تی نیوز می توانید روزانه خبرهای روز را در ایمیل خود مشاهده کنید<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>La scelta della voce è una parte fondamentale nella realizzazione di un audio. E la domanda forse più importante da porsi è: dobbiamo usare una voce maschile o una voce femminile?
Per quanto riguarda la pubblicità, un sondaggio condotto da Adweek e Harris Interactive ha recentemente dimostrato che i consumatori non tengono conto del genere della voce, pur rilevando che le voci maschili risultano più incisive e quelle femminili più rilassanti. Questi dati sono in contrasto con gli studi tradizionali che hanno sempre sostenuto essere più efficaci le voci maschili, soprattutto quelle con i timbri più bassi.
Dietro a questi studi, solo recentemente messi in discussione, si celano i soliti stereotipi di genere per cui gli uomini sarebbero più autorevoli e affidabili. Nella pratica la scelta di una voce maschile o femminile dovrebbe essere valutata attentamente in base al target a cui ci si vuole rivolgere, usando voci femminili se il prodotto è proposto a un pubblico di donne e viceversa. Un'accortezza importante, comunque, è quella di utilizzare voci maschili con timbri bassi quando ci si rivolge a un pubblico di anziani. A causa infatti di un disturbo piuttosto comune, la presbiacusia, gli anziani hanno difficoltà a sentire le voci più acute.
(G. E.)
www.elitestudio.it<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>What is the history of the word fairy? Edmund Spenser’s famous poem is called The Faerie Queene (1590-1596). Faerie in it means “fairy land” or “fairy folk,” as at the beginning of Wife of Bath’s Tale, from Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales: “In olde dayes of the king Arthour/ Of which that Britons speken gret honour,/ Al was this lond fulfild of fayrie.” Middle English fairye (with many spelling variants) “enchantment; fairy folk; fairy land” and rarely “a fay” or “fairy” was a borrowing of Old French faerie “enchantment; fairy land.” The source of fay “fairy,” also from French, is Latin fata, the plural of fatum “fate,” taken for a feminine singular (this is a common development); cf. Fata Morgana. Thus from “fates” to “a single mistress of destiny,” “enchantment, magic,” “fairy folks,” and “frolicsome, mischievous, spiteful, or kindly spirit.” That fairy at one time was a collective noun can be guessed from its suffix, familiar from chivalry, peasantry, and cavalry, among many others. The word has no connection with either Engl. fare or French faire. It has the root of Latin fari “speak” (fate denoted the verdict of the gods). Fame and fable have the same root.
On wayfarer. At one time, the word wayfare “traveling” existed. Both elements of this compound are English (fare as in pay one’s fare and farewell). Here again, -fare is not related to the French verb faire “do, make,” as our correspondent suggests. Wayfarer has the familiar suffix of an agent noun. It is true that wayfarer would make good sense if interpreted as “way maker,” but this folk etymology would be no more convincing than the alleged French-English hybrid bonfire “good fire” (in reality, “bone fire).
Doom and Doomsday. In books on history, domesday (the archaic form) and doomsday occur. Both should be pronounced alike. Twenty years after the Battle of Hastings, William the Conqueror ordered a survey of the lands of England. This 1086 survey (census), the final authority on the matters contained in it, was called the Domesday Book and later Domesday. The simplification resulted in that the name of the book merged with Doomsday “the Day of Judgment.” Doom, which makes us think of inexorable fate (doom and gloom), is related to the verb deem and in the past meant “statute, ordinance; decision.” In the 13th century, the senses “trial, judgment” turned up in written sources. The modern meaning goes back to the 14th century.
Does ale in the context of the Spanish flamenco have the same origin as olé? Yes, it does. Here is part of the entry on this word from The Language of Spanish Dance by Matteo (Matteo Marcellus Vittucci) with Carola Goya (Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1990, 139): “OLE (OH-leh) (Bravo, hurray). An expression of approval, the one most often heard almost anywhere in the world where exciting Spanish dance (especially flamenco) is being performed. It is variously pronounced olé (oh-leh), ale (ah-leh), ala (ah-lah), and, at the bullfight (corrida), oh-o-o-o-o-lé (o-o-o-o-o-leh).
The phrase: “Well, I’ll swan.” This phrase, current in the north of England and in many regions of the United States, means “I’ll swear.” It has been noticed by the editors of the Oxford English Dictionary, who suggested the origin from Is’ wan, with s’ and wan being forms of shall and warrant respectively. According to this etymology, the whole (“I’ll warrant”) was understood (or misunderstood) as: “I’ll swear.” Other authorities, in the rare cases when they mention I’ll swan, stop short of suggesting any derivation. The hypothesis in the OED is not particularly inspiring, for among the many recorded forms of warrant, wan does not occur. Harold Wentworth (American Dialect Dictionary) lists the following synonyms or doublets of swan “swear”: swamp, swad, swawn, swow, snum, and even vum. Some are spelling variants of swan, others look like alterations of it; swow is s + vow (reinforcing initial s- is common in dialects), but swad is unexpected. The last volume of the Dictionary of American Regional English, in which swan will appear, has not yet been published. I am aware of one vulgar word (“copulate”), an infinitive (in Old Icelandic, not in English) that was derived from a past participle, and I wonder, whether swan cannot be a secondary formation, that is, sworn in an r-less dialect turned into an infinitive (perhaps under the influence of the phrase to be sworn), an attempt to avoid a profanity: cf. I’ll swan to man, a euphemism for I’ll swear to God, cited in the OED (our correspondent also thought of taboo). Between a vowel and n, r would probably not be “rolled” even in the regions in which it is otherwise preserved. Although this is a mere guess, the multiple forms, attested in American English, indicate a tendency to substitute some exotic verb for the obvious one. No citations of swan and the rest predate the first decades of the 19th century; consequently, this verb need not be old.
The phrase a whole nother (as, for example in: “that’s a whole nother ballgame”). The origin of nother is not in dispute: it is a so-called aphetic variant of another, that is, ‘nother (another with an initial unstressed vowel lost), just as lone is an aphetic variant of alone. With time, nother became a colloquial synonym of other, so that a whole nother ballgame is simply “a wholly different ballgame.” Our correspondent asked whether nother in that phrase could be considered as an infix. Probably not.
Hullabaloo again. A correspondent calls my attention to Irish fulliliu, which is reminiscent of British Engl. regional pillelew “ruckus” I cited in the post on hullabaloo. This example shows again that words of such phonetic structure emerge easily. As far as I can judge, the similarity between hullabaloo and fulliliu/ pillelew is accidental.
Sic transit blogus per anno 2006.
Anatoly Liberman is the author of Word Origins…And How We Know Them. His column on word origins, The Oxford Etymologist, appears here each Wednesday. Send your etymology question to firstname.lastname@example.org; he’ll do his best to avoid responding with “origin unknown.”<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>In an effort to fill the gaps left by our financial institutions, many are searching for local alternatives to national currencies. Time banks are one option that promotes community self-reliance while withstanding the whims of a boom and bust economy.
Time banks are now operating in over 300 communities in 22 countries, providing individuals with the opportunity to exchange services without currency. Similar in many ways to the barter system, time bankers spend an hour doing something for someone in their community and in return are granted one hour of credit to be redeemed at a later time. The services given and received include anything from cooking and transportation for the elderly, to tutoring children, to health care and psychiatric services. The primary difference between time banks and traditional bartering systems is that every hour of work in a time bank is equal.
Since Portland, Maine’s time bank program started in 1997, its members have exchanged over 150,000 hours of services, including 25,000 hours of health care. Time banks have the potential to provide underprivileged individuals and families with a means for receiving services that they might not be able to afford with traditional currencies.
Similar examples of alternative currency programs include Ithaca HOURS, a local tender accepted by over 900 individuals and businesses within a 20-mile radius of Ithaca, New York. The goal is to create a sustainable economy by encouraging individuals to buy locally made crafts and food. Because one Ithaca HOUR is valued at $10, $2.75 more than the state’s minimum hourly wage, individuals have an incentive to serve their community and to shop within it.
These programs are also part of a social movement to build and strengthen local communities. TimeBanks USA writes that “the trust, sharing and mutual support of our social networks are essential elements of healthy communities and healthy individuals.” Time banks provide neighbors the opportunity to build relationships that matter, promoting an investment in the common good. Creating sustainable communities requires a shift in focus from financial capital to social capital, and time banks provide an arena for realizing that change.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>- Explain the grep command used for searching a pattern with any 4 options.
- How to start and stop OpenSSH?
- Discuss the privileges of Linux administrator.
- Explain the standard file descriptors with suitable commands.
- Describe the following commands: chown, chmod, expr.
- Explain the cut command.
- Write a note on commands for disk space management in linux.
- Write a shell script to accept a filename. Check if the file exists and display the number of lines, words, and characters in the file. Display an appropriate message if the file is not present.
- Explain the pipe feature in Unix with examples.
- Write a note on the contents of the etc/passwd file.
- Explain sort command with any three parameters.
- What is the role of linux kernel in linux OS?
- Explain the system memory management function in Linux.
- What is a boot loader? Write a note on Grub or LILO.
- Which commands are used for creating and maintaining user accounts in Linux? Explain with examples.
16 What are the duties of a system administrator?
- What is meant by “monitoring and tuning performance” of a linux system?
- Explain the following commands with examples: ls, rm, cp, mv, chown, chmod.
- Which are the different file systems supported by Linux? Which feature of Linux makes this support possible (Virtual File Systems Layer)?
- What are memory and virtual file systems? Explain any three (CRAMFS, RAMFS, PROC).
- Write a short note on linux file permissions.
- What is meant by Linux disk management? How can the user see the current file system and disk partitioning details on a Linux system? (fstab)
- Write a note on system shell configuration scripts. What purpose do they serve? Explain the following: BASHRC, CSH, CSHRC.
- What are CRON files?
- What is the SYSLOG.CONF file?
- Write a short note on Network File System. What are its advantages? What are its disadvantages?
- Is IP address of a device the same as its MAC address? What are the differences between these two addresses?
- What are network classes? State their IP number range. Explain the role of router.
- Explain how a network interface card (NIC) is setup on a Linux system. Explain the ifconfig command.
- Explain the purpose of the following files: /etc/hosts.conf, /etc/hosts, /etc/resolv.conf
- How are IP addresses extended through subnetting?
- Explain the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
Connecting to Microsoft Systems
- How can computer systems using Windows operating system communicate with Linux systems? Explain the role of Samba in this process.
- How is Samba installed on a Linux system?
- What is SMB? Which OS uses this?
- What is an Internet Service? Name 5 commonly used services.
- Write a note on ssh (secure shell), scp (secure copy) and sftp (Secure File Transfer Program).
- Write a note on telnet, ftp, rsync, and rsh. Why are these services called insecure services?
- Write a short note on finger, talk and ntalk. Are these services secure or unsecure?
- Which are the common server protocols available on Linux?
- Write a note on xinetd. How is it different from inetd?
Domain Name System
- What is DNS? Why is it necessary? What are top level domains? Give 3 examples of TLDs.
- What are the different types of domain name servers?
- Explain the following terms: mail user agent, mail transfer agent, and local delivery agent.
- Write a short note on SMTP, POP3, and IMAP4.
- What steps can be taken to maintain email security?
Configuring a Web Server
- State the features of Apache web server.
- Explain how web servers work.
- What is SSI? What are the advantages of using SSI? How is SSI enabled on Apache web server?
- What is a secure web server? What are its components? Which packages are needed to create a secure web server?<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Resmi sayfasında yayınlanan bir notta belediye, kötüleşen hava koşulları karşısında “bir önlem olarak ve insanların ve malların güvenliğini korumak için” dolaşımın kesintiye uğradığını açıklıyor.
Douro barının bu alanındaki dolaşım Çarşamba günü saat 20:00'den beri kesintiye uğradı ve en azından durumun yeniden değerlendirileceği Cumartesi gününe kadar devam etmesi bekleniyor.
Bu nedenle Belediye Sivil Koruma, nüfusun sahil şeridi boyunca kurulan güvenlik sınırlarına ve Avenidas D. Carlos I, Brasil ve Montevideo'daki iskelelere ve plajlara erişime saygı göstermesini önermektedir.
Belediye hizmetleri, nüfusu sahil şeridi ve nehir kenarı bölgelerine yakın seyahat ederken özellikle dikkatli olmaya ve spor balıkçılığı, su sporları veya deniz kenarında yürüyüş gibi denizle ilgili faaliyetler yapmamaya çağırıyor.
Kıyıya yakın ve kıyı aşımına karşı daha savunmasız bölgelerde araç park etmekten kaçınmak, Portekiz Deniz ve Atmosfer Enstitüsü (IPMA) tarafından verilen uyarılara özel dikkat göstermenin yanı sıra başka bir tavsiyedir.
IPMA'ya göre, Aveiro, Braga, Coimbra, Leiria, Lizbon, Porto ve Viana do Castelo bölgeleri bugün saat 18:00'ye kadar sarı bir uyarı altında, Cuma günü akşam 6'ya kadar turuncuya ve ardından Cuma günü 18:00 ile Cumartesi günü 15:00 arasında kırmızıya (üçten en şiddetli) dön
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necessary for lesions to heal and also increased the percentage of individuals who were fully healed by the end of 2 weeks.
A previous double-blind, placebo-controlled study by the same author enrolling 120 men with genital herpes found that aloe cream was more effective than pure aloe gel or placebo.8 The author theorized that the oily constituents in the cream improved aloe absorption.
For more information, including dosage and safety issues, see the full Aloe article.
Another famous treatment for herpes involves the amino acid L-lysine. Taken regularly in sufficient doses, lysine supplements appear to reduce the number and intensity of herpes flare-ups.9 However, a study evaluating lysine taken only at the onset of a herpes attack found no benefit.10 (Consider using melissa for this latter purpose.)
One double-blind, placebo-controlled study followed 52 participants with a history of herpes flare-ups.11 While receiving 3 g of L-lysine every day for 6 months, the treatment group experienced an average of 2.4 fewer herpes flare-ups than the placebo group—a significant difference. The lysine group's flare-ups were also significantly less severe and healed faster.
Another double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study on 41 subjects also found improvements in the frequency of attacks.12 Interestingly, this study found that 1,250 mg of lysine daily worked, but 624 mg did not.
Other studies, including one that followed 65 individuals, found no benefit, but they used lower dosages of lysine.13,14
For more information, including dosage and safety issues, see the full Lysine article.
Zinc lozenges or nasal sprays are thought to be effective for fighting the viruses that cause colds. A recent study suggests that topical zinc may be helpful for herpes infections of the mouth and face as well. In this trial, 46 individuals with cold sores were treated with a zinc oxide cream or placebo every 2 hours until cold sores resolved.17 The results showed that individuals using the cream experienced a reduction in severity of symptoms and a shorter time to full recovery.
Eleutherococcus, incorrectly called Russian or Siberian ginseng, has shown promise for the treatment of herpes. A 6-month, double-blind trial of 93 men and women with recurrent genital herpes infections found that treatment with eleutherococcus (2 g daily) reduced the frequency of infections by almost 50%.18
A double-blind trial of 149 individuals with recurrent oral herpes compared the effectiveness of cream containing Zovirax against cream containing the herbs sage and rhubarb, and cream containing sage alone.26 The combination of sage and rhubarb proved to be equally effective to Zovirax cream; sage by itself was less effective, if at all.
One study suggests that topical treatment with a vitamin C solution may speed healing of oral herpes outbreaks.19 Oral vitamin C combined with bioflavonoids has also shown some promise for genital herpes.20
Other herbs and supplements sometimes recommended for herpes infections, but that lack meaningful supporting evidence, include adenosine monophosphate,28astragalus, cat's claw, elderberry, kelp,22sandalwood,23tea tree oil,25 and witch hazel.
A product containing vitamins and minerals as well as the herbs paprika, rosemary, peppermint, milfoil, hawthorn, and pumpkin seed has been used in Scandinavia for many years as a treatment for various mouth-related conditions. However, a double-blind study of 50 people with recurrent oral herpes failed to find 4 months’ treatment with this product more effective than placebo.27
1. Wolbling RH, Leonhardt K. Local therapy of herpes simplex with dried extract from Melissa officinalis. Phytomedicine. 1994;1:25-31.
2. Wolbling RH, Leonhardt K. Local therapy of herpes simplex with dried extract from Melissa officinalis. Phytomedicine. 1994;1:25-31.
3. Wolbling RH, Leonhardt K. Local therapy of herpes simplex with dried extract from Melissa officinalis. Phytomedicine. 1994;1:25-31.
4. Koytchev R, Alken RG, Dundarov S. Balm mint extract (Lo-701) for topical treatment of recurring Herpes labialis. Phytomedicine. 1999;6:225-230.
5. Wolbling RH, Leonhardt K. Local therapy of herpes simplex with dried extract from Melissa officinalis. Phytomedicine. 1994;1:25-31.
7. Syed TA, Afzal M, Ashfaq Ahmad S, et al. Management of genital herpes in men with 0.5% Aloe vera extract in a hydrophilic cream: a placebo-controlled double-blind study. J Dermatol Treat. 1997;8:99-102.
8. Syed TA, Cheema KM, Ashfaq A, et al. Aloe vera estract 0.5% in ahydrophilic cream versus Aloe vera gel for the management of genital herpes in males. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, comparative study [letter]. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 1996;7:294-295.
9. Flodin NW. The metabolic roles, pharmacology, and toxicology of lysine. J Am Coll Nutr. 1997;16:7-21.
10. Milman N, Scheibel J, Jessen O. Failure of lysine treatment in recurrent herpes simplex labialis [letter]. Lancet. 1978;2:942.
11. Griffith RS, Walsh DE, Myrmel KH, et al. Success of L -lysine therapy in frequently recurrent herpes simplex infection: treatment and prophylaxis. Dermatologica. 1987;175:183-190.
12. McCune MA, Perry HO, Muller SA, et al. Treatment of recurrent herpes simplex infections with L-lysine monohydrochloride. Cutis. 1984;34:366-373.
13. DiGiovanna JJ, Blank H. Failure of lysine in frequently recurrent herpes simplex infection. Treatment and prophylaxis. Arch Dermatol. 1984;120:48-51.
14. Milman N, Scheibel J, Jessen O. Lysine prophylaxis in recurrent herpes simplex labialis: a double-blind, controlled crossover study. Acta Derm Venereol. 1980;60:85-87.
17. Godfrey HR, Godfrey NJ, Godfrey JC, et al. A randomized clinical trial on the treatment of oral herpes with topical zinc oxide/glycine. Altern Ther Health Med. 2001;7:49-54, 56.
18. Williams M. Immuno-protection against herpes simplex type II infection by eleutherococcus root extract. Int J Alt Complement Med. 1995;13:9-12.
19. Hovi T, Hirvimies A, Stenvik M, et al. Topical treatment of recurrent mucocutaneous herpes with ascorbic acid-containing solution. Antiviral Res. 1995;27:263-270.
20. Terezhalmy GT, Bottomley WK, Pelleu GB. The use of water-soluble bioflavonoid-ascorbic acid complex in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1978;45:56-62.
21. Vynograd N, Vynograd I, Sosnowski Z. A comparative multi-centre study of the efficacy of propolis, acyclovir and placebo in the treatment of genital herpes. Phytomedicine. 2000;7:1-6.
22. Carlucci MJ, Ciancia M, Matulewicz MC, et al. Antiherpetic activity and mode of action of natural carrageenans of diverse structural types. Antiviral Res. 1999;43:93-102.
23. Benencia F, Courreges MC. Antiviral activity of sandalwood oil against Herpes simplex viruses-1 and -2. Phytomedicine. 1999;6:119-123.
24. Vonau B, Chard S, Mandalia S, et al. Does the extract of the plant Echinacea purpurea influence the clinical course of recurrent genital herpes? Int J STD AIDS. 2001;12:154-158.
25. Carson CF, Ashton L, Dry L, et al. Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil gel (6%) for the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2001;48:450-451.
26. Saller R, Buechi S, Meyrat R, et al. Combined herbal preparation for topical treatment of Herpes labialis. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2001;8:373-382.
27. Pedersen A. LongoVital and herpes labialis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Oral Dis. 2001;7:221-225.
28. Sklar SH, Buimovici-Klein E. Adenosine in the treatment of recurrent herpes labialis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1979;48:416-417.
Last reviewed December 2015 by EBSCO CAM Review Board Last Updated: 12/15/2015<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>WNBA Finals
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Un'approfondita rassegna delle WNBA Finals, l'evento conclusivo della lega professionistica femminile di pallacanestro USA.
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- Anno di produzione: 2020
- Genere: Basket
- Nazionalità: USA<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>In the ancient world, cocoa only existed in its purest form and was known only for its medicinal value. For many centuries this pure form of cocoa was revered by all and trusted for its beneficial use in cases like fever, heart pain, emaciation, fatigue, kidney and bowel complaints. There is historical evidence that points us to the ancient Mayan and Aztec civilizations who recorded their use of cocoa for medicinal purposes for over 2000 years.
More recently man has tarnished cocoa’s healthy reputation by adding emulsifying fats, sugars, milk, flavorings and preservatives, and introduced processed cocoa to the world. But this was not true of cocoa in the ancient world.
Cocoa’s Ancient Travelogue
The growing of cocoa plants dates back to 1500 BC when it is believed the Olmec Indians grew the cocoa beans as a domestic crop. At around 250 BC to 900 CE the drinking of an unsweetened cocoa drink was prevalent, but only amongst the elite of Mayan society. It was a sophisticated drink even in those days! When the Mayans migrated to the northern parts of South America, they took their cocoa beans with them. This drink was a big hit with the upper class Aztec Indians and they decided to make it their own, imposing a tax on the beans. The Aztecs were the first to call it “xocalatl”, which means warm or bitter liquid.
The famous explorers Columbus and Hernandez encountered the cocoa beans during their travels. Mayan nobles gifted Prince Philip of Spain with jars of beaten cocoa, pre-mixed and ready-to-drink. But neither Spain, nor Portugal shared this gift with the rest of Europe till a century later. In the 16th century, the Spanish began to add sugar cane juice and vanilla flavoring to produce a sweetened cocoa drink, which was more palatable to the taste buds.
Cocoa began to gain wide popularity as a medicinal drink and for its aphrodisiac value. The first cocoa shop in London was set up in 1657. At this time, too, cocoa was considered a beverage only for the elite of society. It was only in 1730 when the price of cocoa dropped that it became affordable to the common man.
In 1765, chocolate was imported to the new “Colonies” by an Irishman named, John Hanan. The beans were imported from the West Indians into Dorchester, Massachusetts, where the first chocolate mill was built in 1780. The chocolates were named after Dr. James Baker who helped in refining the chocolate for a taste similar to the one that we know today. These were known as Baker’s ® Chocolates.
In 1819, François Louis Callier, opened up the first Swiss chocolate factory. In 1828, Conrad Van Houten developed a process in Amsterdam that gave chocolate a smoother consistency by squeezing out some of the cocoa butter and adding alkaline salts. About twenty years later, Joseph Fry & Son developed a process that put some of the cocoa butter back, added sugar and created a smooth paste that could be molded into the first ever, chocolate bar. In 1861, Richard Cadbury created the first Valentine shaped chocolate box for Valentine’s Day forming an irrevocable bond between chocolate and romance. Since then, chocolate makers have been improving on the texture, taste and variations in chocolate for chocolate lovers all over the world. Back to the Historical Use of Cocoa
It was only as recently as 1998 that research studies on cocoa suggested that the historical use of cocoa may be a very healthy path indeed.. Chocolate lovers were thrilled to know that instead of discouraging people from eating chocolate, doctors and scientists were now encouraging the selective consumption of chocolate for its antioxidant strength and for its benefits to heart health! But not all chocolate is equal in its health-imparting properties. From the assortment of chocolates available today, cocoa in its purest form is the best choice. The best choice would be powdered pure cocoa that can be used to make cocoa beverages. The second best choice would be dark, bitter chocolate. Milk chocolate does not contain the high antioxidant strength of dark, bitter chocolate.
CocoPure is one the best blends of pure cocoa powder combined with two more antioxidant-rich nutrients-Resveratrol and Green Tea extracts. The combination of these three ingredients forms a relaxing beverage, hot or cold. Studies on these three nutrients have been published in prominent journals such as the Journal of the American Medical Association, American Journal of Physiology, Heart and Circulatory Physiology. They note the ability of all three nutrients for supporting cardiovascular health, increased blood flow, arterial health, elevated energy levels, digestion, and the immune system.
Now, centuries later, science has finally caught up with the historical use of pure cocoa. The combination of Pure Cocoa, Resveratrol and Green tea is now available in a delicious beverage that brings the health and sophistication back into cocoa drinking! With just 30 calories per serving, CocoPure makes a great drink for those on a diet as well.
New Vitality is a health supplements company. It develops supplement and chocolate tea products which are carefully formulated under the guidance of an elite panel comprised of renowned doctors, nutritionists, chemists and researchers. Whether you want a chocolate teas, pet health supplement, a personal care product or a health care product, New Vitality is a one-stop shop for all needs
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Kevin_Agrawal<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>"Spaghetti alla bolognese o bolognaise", quante volte lo abbiamo letto sui menu dei ristoranti all'estero, ma a "scovare" definitivamente il falso piatto tipico non è stato un indignato cittadino felsineo, bensì l'ex deputato conservatore e famoso giornalista della BBC Michael Portillo (che British purosangue non è, a giudicare dal cognome) che ha deciso di venire a verificare di persona.
Chiedendo ai passanti informazioni su un ristorante dove poter mangiare un buon piatto di quei famigerati spaghetti si è trovato davanti all'amara scoperta: "Non esistono! Mi rifiuto!" hanno risposto i passanti, oppure "Gli spaghetti bolognesi? Not here in Bologna", non qui non a Bologna. Infine si è deciso a chiedere agli addetti ai lavori, ed è entrato nel negozio di una sfoglina, Monica, che gli ha risposto addirittura in inglese: "Tagliatelle al ragù, ma non sono come gli spaghetti, fatti con la semola, ma con farina e uova" e così Michael ha imparato che la sfoglia di arrotola e poi si inizia a tagliare a strisce "dello spessore di 7 millimetri", ma Monica specifica che le dimensioni e le forme della pasta cambiano per ogni salsa o condimento. E non solo: "Do you want to try?" Vuoi provare? Gli ha chiesto Monica, così questo British man in Bologna, in giacca salmone, ha brandito il coltello.
Dopo la pasta c'è bisogno della salsa, così a casa di Monica, guarda caso, il sugo era già sul fuoco. Come finisce la storia? Ovviamente a tavola davanti a un bel piatto di tagliatelle al ragù: "Ecco come sopravvivere a Bologna, mai chiedere spaghetti alla bolognese".<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>2 Israeli researchers figured out how venom from jewel wasps turns cockroaches into zombies. After stinging, wasps lead the victim by the antennae to their burrow. There the roach is consumed by wasp larva from the inside out.
3 A new system called V2G allows batteries of electric and hybrid cars to store or supply grid electricity. Such a system could help smooth peaks in energy demand: 100 of the vehicles could provide 1 megawatt of storage.
4 For the first time, biodiesel alone fueled an airplane. BioJet 1—a Czechoslovakian-made L-29 jet that runs on vegetable oil refined into biodiesel—climbed to 17,000 feet and flew for more than 37 minutes in Nevada.
5 As if rising global temperatures and shrinking sea ice weren’t enough of a threat to polar bears—the practice of selectively hunting males could eventually leave females without mates.
6 Researchers proposed a novel way to mitigate global warming: Enhance the ocean’s ability to absorb CO2 by building water treatment plants that remove hydrochloric acid from seawater and neutralize it. One hundred such plants could reduce 15 percent of global CO2 emissions; 700 could offset all of them.
This article originally appeared in Plenty in August 2008.
Copyright Environ Press 2008.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>طرفداری - نیوکاسل نمی توانست به قهرمانی لیگ برتر بیاندیشد، در تابستان 1995 اما با آمدن فردی از فرانسه، با آمدن دیوید ژینولا از پاری سن ژرمن، جاه طلبی زاغ ها بیش از هر زمان دیگری شد.
هم اتاقی سابق ژینولا، وارن بارتون برای مان از افسونگر ابر
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- Son dakika: İran’dan Türkiye’ye giren terörist HDP’li ilçe başkanı ile yakalandı<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>I giorni del cielo-Curiosità
Seconda opera di Terrence Malick che, terminato il lavoro, aspettò oltre vent’anni prima di proporre il suo terzo film (la sottile linea rossa). La pellicola è stata girata quasi interamente durante “L’ora magica”, ovvero nelle ore in cui si passa dal giorno alla notte e viceversa (alba e tramonto). Il regista voleva infatti la luce naturale ma non il sole. Il direttore della fotografia, Nestor Almendros, era malato e stava progressivamente perdendo la vista. Durante le riprese la sua malattia era già in stato avanzato e prima di ogni ciak il suo assistente doveva scattare una foto al set per poi sottoporla al suo direttore che, con l’aiuto di una lente ad alta potenza, poteva analizzarla e dare il via alle riprese. Agli oscar del 1979 il film vinse la statuetta per la miglior fotografia.
La scena delle locuste che salgono verso il cielo è stata girata al contrario: Da un elicottero, l’equipaggio gettò gusci di arachidi in aria mentre gli attori recitavano camminando all’indietro.
Il titolo del film fa riferimento ad un passo del Deuteronomio (11:21) – “affinché i vostri giorni e i giorni dei vostri figli siano molti sul suolo che Geova giurò ai vostri antenati di dar loro, come i giorni dei cieli sopra la terra”.Miglior regia a Cannes nel 1979 e Bafta nel 1980 per la miglior musica al Maestro Ennio Morricone.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>How Your Auto’s Engine Control Module, ECM, Typically Operates
The Engine Control Module, ECM, is by far and large a computer meaning it features many of the same parts as the computers that we have in use at home or in our places of work. They are fitted with a microprocessor that is tasked with the responsibility of receiving, interpreting and reacting to the sensors inputs efficiently. The engine control modules, as we have mentioned to be similar to the normal computers, actually happen to be built just the same way with hardware and software parts just as the normal computers. The hardware component in the ECM is by and large the standard circuit board that is prearranged with the software part that will be the one telling the car what way to run. In most cases, you never find the car manufacturers designing their products with the engine control modules and as such the trend often is to source them and then have them customized for your car. Just some counted number of the original equipment manufacturers actually have their cars designed with the engine control modules. The good news is that each of the brands available of the ECM units can be made to order so as to meet the specifications of the car manufacturer.
Though as a general advice it is preferable for you to ensure that the engine control module is configured by the car manufacturer so as to ensure that the car will be able to function optimally more factoring the issues of the engine specs and other issues. You as well will benefit from noting the fact that in as much as a number of the Original Equipment Manufacturers have all the various kinds of the computer products to offer you with their many different features and benefits, the fact is that a number of these can still be as well configured to work with all the various cars and auto products. Nonetheless, note that in so far as their categories get, the engine control modules are grouped into several categories with factors such as the fuel types, the engine size and the many other features taken into consideration.
As basic as an ECN happens to be such a standard component of the car, it is one that happens to be of a serious need in a car. This happens to be even more of the case where you are looking at such cars that need to run a programmable ECM. The basic fact that you need to bear in mind is that all of the ECM units are actually designed to serve similar functions on a car’s operations.
In as much as there are differences in car models and ECMs, these systems tend to have relatively and highly similar inputs. The ECM is actually tasked with the responsibility of regulating fuel injection and emissions and before this is done, there are some things that need to be done prior.
Why People Think Cars Are A Good IdeaIt appears that your web host has disabled all functions for handling remote pages and as a result the BackLinks software will not function on your web page. Please contact your web host for more information.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Desideria, o Desi per gli amici, è una giovane sposata con un suo coetaneo, ha una bella casa, una vita agiata, svolge il suo ruolo sociale di moglie in maniera perfetta, ma ha una vita sessuale tiepida rispetto ai suoi naturali desideri. Ma durante un viaggio in Turchia con il marito conosce Yaman, una guida turistica, e l'incontro con lui la cambierà profondamente, facendole finalmente provare emozioni e passioni.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>白癜风患处发红是怎么回事?每一个白斑患者的病情难度不同，白斑患者治疗的时候方式也不太一样，这样白斑好转后的效果也各不相同，有一些患者出现发红，发痒现象，那么，白癜风患处发红是怎么回事?下面具体了解一下吧。南昌白癜风专科医院
1.日晒：夏天的日晒游水后的日光浴，都致使肌肤色彩的加深.日光中富含紫外线，紫外线在人体黑色素代谢过程中，能激起酶的活性，加快酪氨酸转变成多巴、多巴醌，推动黑色素构成。
2.心境：心境的好与坏给疾病带来不相同的成果.严重心境影响黑色素构成，由于严重影响肾上腺素排泄，肾上腺素的组成，相同需求酪氨酸.酪氨酸许多损耗影响黑色素的组成.
3.饮食：有关研讨证明，白斑病病人体内的某些微量元素短少致使了黑色素代谢妨碍.因而白斑病病人应多吃富含酪氨酸与矿物质的食物，如肉、蛋、猪肝、花生、核桃和黑芝麻等硬果类. 阻止白斑病恢复的要素有许多.
4.乱用药物.许多病人不在专家辅导下用药，而是看说明书用药，不分类型、不分缘由只需是医治白斑病病的药品悉数都用，有的病人是有病乱投医，抱着试试看的心思来进行医治，而致使误诊、误治.
白癜风患处发红是怎么回事?温馨提示：一旦发现自身白斑部位变红发痒等症状，就要找到医生做检查，找到白斑变红发痒的原因，然后到正规医院做确定检查，切记不要盲目采取治疗措施，更不要主观臆断，以免造成判断失误给自身带来严重的后果。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Okul Öncesi Çocuklarda Altını Islatma (Enuresis)
Çocuklar genellikle 18-24 aylar arası tuvalet eğitimi almaya hazırdır. Gelişimi normal seyreden çocukların çoğunluğu 2-3 yaş döneminde tuvalet gereksinimini haber verir, ancak bu yaşlarda organları üzerinde tam kontrol sağlayamadıkları için zaman zaman altlarını ıslatabilirler.
Bu nedenle 4 yaşına kadar arada sırada görülen altını ıslatma davranışı normal karşılanabilir.
Alt ıslatma davranışı psikolojik bir sorundan kaynaklanmayabilir; organik bir bozukluk olup olmadığı mutlaka uzman doktorlar tarafından saptanmalıdır. Ayrıca etki derecesi hakkında bir şey söylenmemekle birlikte kalıtımın da alt ıslatmada etkisi kabul edilmektedir. Yanlış tuvalet eğitimi de altını ıslatma davranışına neden olmaktadır. Bunun dışında ateşli hastalıklar ve idrar yolu enfeksiyonları da altını ıslatma davranışına yol açabilir; bu durumlarda ortaya çıkan altını ıslatma davranışı kısa süreli ve geçicidir. Çocuğunuz tuvalet eğitimini normal dönemde aldıysa ve 4 yaşında olmasına rağmen gece veya gündüz altına kaçırma davranışı zaman zamanda olsa devam ediyorsa, çocuğun duygusal bir sorunu var demektir. Bu nedenle, anne-babaların kritik yaşlarda ortaya çıkan bu davranışı çok iyi takip etmeleri gerekir. Aileler genellikle ‘normal kabul edilen alt ıslatma davranışı’ ile ‘uyum bozukluğu olarak kabul edilen alt ıslatma davranışı’ arasında ayırım yapmanın zor olduğunu ifade eder.
Anne-babalar, aşağıda ifade edeceğim kriterleri göz önünde bulundurarak bu ayırımı daha kolay yapabilirler.
– fiziksel, hareket, dil ve zekâ gelişimi normalse,
– tuvalet eğitimini aldıysa,
– 4 yaşındaysa,
– aralıkla da olsa gece veya gündüz altına kaçırma davranışı varsa, alt ıslatma davranışı psikolojik bir soruna işaret ediyor demektir. Çocuğun, alt ıslatma davranışı; uyum ve davranış sorunu olarak kabul edilmeli, pedagog veya psikolog yardımı alınmalıdır.
Alt ıslatması devam eden çocuklarda, aşağıda saptanan soruların cevaplarını araştırmak gerekir.
- Kalıtımla ilgisi var mı, yok mu?
- Çocuğa evde kötü mü davranılıyor? Aile içinde dayak mı var? Şiddet mi var?
- İhmal edilme var mı? ( yetersiz ilgi, sevgi vb)
- Çevre çocuğu korkutuyor mu? Çevredeki bir takım objelerle korkutuluyor mu?
- Kardeşleri ile aynı yatakta mı yatıyor? Kardeş kıskançlığını doğurduğu için de altını ıslatabilir.
- Zamanında temizlik alışkanlığı kazandırıldı mı?
- Belirli dönemlerde gösterilen aşırı ilgi ve bu ilginin kesilmesi yaşandı mı? (çocuk hasta olduğunda aşırı ilgi görmüşse bu ilgiyi tekrar görmek için altını ıslatma davranışına girebilir.)
- Sık sık üşütüyor mu?
- Akşamları sulu yiyecekler alıyor mu?
- Fazla yorucu etkinliklere mi katılıyor?
Yukarıda saydığım sebeplerden dolayı çocuk altını ıslatıyor olabilir. Öncelikle sebebin tam olarak bilinmesi gerekiyor. Birçok uyum ve davranış bozukluğunda olduğu gibi ‘altını ıslatma’ davranışı da sorunu gidermeye çalışan anne-babaların yanlış tutumları nedeniyle artabilir. Tırnak yeme, dikkat dağınıklığı, kıskançlık gibi yeni uyum ve davranış bozukluklarının ortaya çıkmasına neden olabilir. Öz-güven eksikliği, içe kapanıklık, aşırı kaygılı olma gibi sorunların ortaya çıkmasına katkıda bulunarak kişilik gelişimini olumsuz etkileyebilir.
‘Alt ıslatma sorunu’ olan çocukların anne-babaları aşağıda ifade edeceğim konularda dikkatli davranarak, sorunun artmasını veya yeni sorunlara sebebiyet vermesini engelleyebilirler. Sorunun çözümü için; temelinde neler yattığını bulmak ve sebepleri ortadan kaldırmak gerekir. Her çocuğun altını ıslatma davranışının altında yatan sebepler farklıdır. Alt ıslatma davranışının çok yaygın bir sorun olması, geçici ve önemsiz olduğu anlamına gelmez, aksine ileriki yaşlarda okul başarısızlığından, içe kapanıklığa kadar pek çok önemli soruna neden olabilmektedir.
Ailelerin altını ıslatma davranışı olan çocuklarla ilgili dikkat etmesi gereken konular ve kaçınmaları gereken tutumlar aşağıda özetlenmiştir;
-Çocukların temel ihtiyaçları olan ilgi, sevgi, desteğin çocuklara yeterince verilmesi gerekiyor.
-Çocuğa zamanında temizlik alışkanlığının kazandırılması gerekiyor. Eğer kazandırılmazsa çocuk belirli bir süre sonra pislikten haz almaya başlayacaktır. Altını ıslattığı zamanlarda hemen altı değiştirilmeli ve temizlikten haz alması sağlanmalı. Çocuğunuz altına kaçırdığında ıslak çamaşırlarını değiştirmesine sakin bir şekilde yardımcı olun. Gece yatağı ıslatıyorsa altını temizleyin, çarşafları değiştirin (çoğu zaman altını ıslatan çocukların devamlı olarak uzun süre böyle bırakılmaları çocukların bu pis kokuya düşkünlük derecesinde sevmelerine neden olur) yeniden yatağına koyun.
-Eğer sık sık üşütüyorsa tedbirini almalıyız.
-Akşamları sulu yiyecekler vermemeliyiz. Ancak çocuğun yiyecek ve içeceklerine sürekli bir kısıtlama şeklinde olmamalıdır.
-Fazla yorucu etkinliklerden belirli süre için uzak tutmalıyız.
-Sorunu çözmek için baskıcı ve aşırı disiplinli tutumlardan kaçınmak gerekir. Asla ve asla çocuk dövülmemeli, azar işitmemeli, hatta ve hatta bağırma ve yüksek sesten kaçınılmalı. Azarlama, çocukla aranızda bir çekişmenin doğmasına veya çocuğunuzun kendisini kötü ve başarısız hissetmesine yol açar ki bunlar da tuvalet eğitimini kolaylaştırmak yerine daha da zora sokar.
-Çocukla konuşarak durumunun geçici olduğu çocuğa anlatılmalı ve inandırılmalıdır. Çocuk başarılı olacağı etkinliklere sevk edilmeli, başarılı alanda destek gören çocuk böylece istenmeyen durumdan uzaklaşacak ve başarılı alanda kendinin değerli olduğu hissine kapılacaktır.
-Akşamları korkutucu film ve hikâyelerden uzak tutulmalıdır.
-Gece kalkıp tuvalete gitmek bir hedef olarak kesinleştirilmelidir.
-Çocuk gece yattıktan yaklaşık 1-1,5 saat sonra kaldırılmalı tuvaleti yaptırılmalıdır. Bu esnada çocuğun uyanık olması gerekmektedir, eğer uyanık olursa durumunun farkında olur. Daha sonraları da saat kurularak çocuğun kendi kendine kalkması sağlanmalıdır.
-Çocuğun bu durumunu kardeşleri dâhil başkalarıyla onun yanında paylaşmaktan, alaycı ve küçümseyici tavırlardan, altını ıslatma davranışı için çocuğu cezalandırmaktan, bu davranış nedeniyle ortaya çıkan sorunlardan (çamaşır vb.) şikâyet etmekten, bu davranışı olmayan çocuklarla çocuğu kıyaslamaktan kaçınmaları gerekir.
-Gece kuru kalmaları için bez bağlanmamalıdır. Bu tür yöntemler temizlik için yararlı olmakla birlikte çocukların gece kalkma motivasyonunu olumsuz etkilemektedir.
-Altını ıslatmanın aile içindeki problemlerden olduğu olasılığının yüksekliği gözden kaçırılmamalıdır.
-Tuvalet eğitiminde ne aşırı katı ne de aşırı hoşgörülü ve disiplinsiz olunmamalıdır.
Alt Islatma ile ilgili Psikolog Eyüp Tunahan’dan destek ve randevu almak için 0212 537 61 60 numaralı telefonumuzdan iletişim kurabilirsiniz.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>- Factory leak in China leads to bacterial disease
- Thousands of people test positive for the bacterial disease
- The disease is commonly known as the Malta fever
Chinese Authorities have confirmed that several thousand people in the NorthEast China area have tested positive in an outbreak which was caused by a leak at the biopharmaceutical firm last year.
The Health Commission of Lanzhou, which is also the capital city of Gansu province, announced that as many as 3,245 people had contracted the disease called Brucellosis. This bacterial disease is often caused by contact with livestock carrying the bacteria Br
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corrisponde invece alla somma tra protoni e neutroni presenti nel nucleo di un atomo
Qual è il numero atomico e numero di massa?
Numero atomico e numero di massa sono due grandezze necessarie per quantificare il numero di particelle atomiche presenti in un determinato atomo. Numero atomico. Il numero atomico Z indica il numero di protoni (p +) presenti nel nucleo di un atomo; atomi di uno stesso elemento hanno lo stesso numero di protoni.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Bone resorption is the gradual loss of bone. Bone is under a constant process of resorption and formation. As we age formation lessens and after a peak bone mass is achieved bone mass remains stable (resorption and formation are equal).
Osteoclasts are the principal cells responsible for bone resorption and an antiresorptive is something that works against bone loss due to osteoclastic activity.
When damaged areas of bone need to be replaced these bone-destroying osteoclasts dig tunnels or trenches by dissolving packets of old bone. As the old bone is broken down calcium is released into the bloodstream. The osteoclasts detach as another group of cells takes over to build the new bone.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Lunedì - Lc 11,29-32
In quel tempo, mentre le folle si accalcavano, Gesù cominciò a dire:
«Questa generazione è una generazione malvagia; essa cerca un segno, ma non le sarà dato alcun segno, se non il segno di Giona. Poiché, come Giona fu un segno per quelli di Nìnive, così anche il Figlio dell’uomo lo sarà per questa generazione.
Nel giorno del giudizio, la regina del Sud si alzerà contro gli uomini di questa generazione e li condannerà, perché ella venne dagli estremi confini della terra per ascoltare la sapienza di Salomone. Ed ecco, qui vi è uno più grande di Salomone.
Nel giorno del giudizio, gli abitanti di Nìnive si alzeranno contro questa generazione e la condanneranno, perché essi alla predicazione di Giona si convertirono. Ed ecco, qui vi è uno più grande di Giona».
Martedì - Lc 11,37-41
In quel tempo, mentre Gesù stava parlando, un fariseo lo invitò a pranzo. Egli andò e si mise a tavola. Il fariseo vide e si meravigliò che non avesse fatto le abluzioni prima del pranzo.
Allora il Signore gli disse: «Voi farisei pulite l’esterno del bicchiere e del piatto, ma il vostro interno è pieno di avidità e di cattiveria. Stolti! Colui che ha fatto l’esterno non ha forse fatto anche l’interno? Date piuttosto in elemosina quello che c’è dentro, ed ecco, per voi tutto sarà puro».
Mercoledì - Lc 11,42-46
In quel tempo, il Signore disse: «Guai a voi, farisei, che pagate la decima sulla menta, sulla ruta e su tutte le erbe, e lasciate da parte la giustizia e l’amore di Dio. Queste invece erano le cose da fare, senza trascurare quelle. Guai a voi, farisei, che amate i primi posti nelle sinagoghe e i saluti sulle piazze. Guai a voi, perché siete come quei sepolcri che non si vedono e la gente vi passa sopra senza saperlo».
Intervenne uno dei dottori della Legge e gli disse: «Maestro, dicendo questo, tu offendi anche noi». Egli rispose: «Guai anche a voi, dottori della Legge, che caricate gli uomini di pesi insopportabili, e quei pesi voi non li toccate nemmeno con un dito!».
Giovedì - Lc 11,47-54
In quel tempo, il Signore disse: «Guai a voi, che costruite i sepolcri dei profeti, e i vostri padri li hanno uccisi. Così voi testimoniate e approvate le opere dei vostri padri: essi li uccisero e voi costruite.
Per questo la sapienza di Dio ha detto: “Manderò loro profeti e apostoli ed essi li uccideranno e perseguiteranno”, perché a questa generazione sia chiesto conto del sangue di tutti i profeti, versato fin dall’inizio del mondo: dal sangue di Abele fino al sangue di Zaccarìa, che fu ucciso tra l’altare e il santuario. Sì, io vi dico, ne sarà chiesto conto a questa generazione.
Guai a voi, dottori della Legge, che avete portato via la chiave della conoscenza; voi non siete entrati, e a quelli che volevano entrare voi l’avete impedito».
Quando fu uscito di là, gli scribi e i farisei cominciarono a trattarlo in modo ostile e a farlo parlare su molti argomenti, tendendogli insidie, per sorprenderlo in qualche parola uscita dalla sua stessa bocca.
Venerdì- Santa Teresa d'Avila - Lc 12,1-7
In quel tempo, si erano radunate migliaia di persone, al punto che si calpestavano a vicenda, e Gesù cominciò a dire anzitutto ai suoi discepoli:
Dico a voi, amici miei: non abbiate paura di quelli che uccidono il corpo e dopo questo non possono fare più nulla. Vi mostrerò invece di chi dovete aver paura: temete colui che, dopo aver ucciso, ha il potere di gettare nella Geènna. Sì, ve lo dico, temete costui.
Cinque passeri non si vendono forse per due soldi? Eppure nemmeno uno di essi è dimenticato davanti a Dio. Anche i capelli del vostro capo sono tutti contati. Non abbiate paura: valete più di molti passeri!».
Sabato - Lc 12,8-12
In quel tempo, Gesù disse ai suoi discepoli:
«Io vi dico: chiunque mi riconoscerà davanti agli uomini, anche il Figlio dell’uomo lo riconoscerà davanti agli angeli di Dio; ma chi mi rinnegherà davanti agli uomini, sarà rinnegato davanti agli angeli di Dio.
Chiunque parlerà contro il Figlio dell’uomo, gli sarà perdonato; ma a chi bestemmierà lo Spirito Santo, non sarà perdonato.
Quando vi porteranno davanti alle sinagoghe, ai magistrati e alle autorità, non preoccupatevi di come o di che cosa discolparvi, o di che cosa dire, perché lo Spirito Santo vi insegnerà in quel momento ciò che bisogna dire».<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>On January 18, 1778, James Cook became the first known European to discover the Hawaiian Islands during his third voyage. On this, his last voyage, Cook again commanded HMS Resolution, while Captain Charles Clerke commanded HMS Discovery. The voyage was ostensibly planned to return the Pacific Islander, Omai to Tahiti, or so the public were led to believe. The trip’s principal goal was to locate a Northwest Passage around the American continent. After dropping Omai at Tahiti, Cook travelled north and made formal contact with the Hawaiian Islands. After his initial landfall in January 1778 at Waimea harbor, Kauai, Cook named the archipelago the Sandwich Islands after the fourth Earl of Sandwich — the acting First Lord of the Admiralty. From the Sandwich Islands, Cook sailed north and then north-east to explore the west coast of North America north of the Spanish settlements in Alta California, eventually reaching the Bering Strait. Cook returned to Hawaii in early 1779, sailing around the archipelago for some eight weeks, before making landfall at Kealakekua Bay where he would stay for a month. Here, he was stabbed to death on February 14, 1779.
James Cook and his voyages have been featured on ‘A Stamp A Day’ several times including a brief account of his death, an extensive narrative of his first voyage including details on the fate of HMS Endeavour, and lengthy accounts of Cook’s third voyage as well as his exploration of the Alaskan coastline.
The Hawaiian Islands (Mokupuni o Hawai‘i in the Hawaiian language) are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, numerous smaller islets, and seamounts in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some 1,500 miles (2,400 kilometers) from the island of Hawaiʻi in the south to northernmost Kure Atoll. The name Sandwich Islands was in use until the 1840s, when the local name “Hawaii” gradually began to take precedence. The contemporary name is derived from the name of the largest island, Hawaii Island. The Hawaiian Islands have a total land area of 6,423.4 square miles (16,636.5 km²). The Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown in 1893. The islands were subsequently put under the control of a republic, which the United States annexed in 1898 and admitted as it’s 50th state in 1959. The U.S. state of Hawaii now occupies the archipelago almost in its entirety (including the uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands), with the sole exception of Midway Island, which instead separately belongs to the United States as one of its unincorporated territories within the United States Minor Outlying Islands.
The Hawaiian Islands are the exposed peaks of a great undersea mountain range known as the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain, formed by volcanic activity over a hotspot in the Earth’s mantle. The islands are about 1,860 miles (3,000 km) from the nearest continent. On June 15, 2006, President George W. Bush issued a public proclamation creating Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument under the Antiquities Act of 1906. The Monument encompasses the northwestern Hawaiian Islands and surrounding waters, forming the largest marine wildlife reserve in the world. In August 2010, UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee added Papahānaumokuākea to its list of World Heritage Sites. On August 26, 2016, President Barack Obama greatly expanded Papahānaumokuākea, quadrupling it from its original size.
The date of the first settlements of the Hawaiian Islands is a topic of continuing debate. Archaeology seems to indicate a settlement as early as 124 AD. Patrick Vinton Kirch’s books on Hawaiian archeology, standard textbooks, date the first Polynesian settlements to about 300, with more recent suggestions by Kirch as late as 600. Other theories suggest dates as late as 700 to 800. More radical theories have been advanced from high-precision radiocarbon dating that drastically alter the timeline. These theories place the first settlements of Hawaii after 1120.
The history of the ancient Polynesians was passed down through genealogy chants that were recited at formal and family functions. The genealogy of the high chiefs could be traced back to the period believed to be inhabited only by gods. The pua aliʻi (“flower of royalty”) were considered to be living gods.
By about 1000, settlements founded along the perimeters of the islands were beginning to cultivate food in gardens.
A Tahitian priest named Pā‘ao is said to have brought a new order to the islands around 1200. The new order included new laws and a new social structure that separated the people into classes. The aliʻi nui was the king, with his ʻaha kuhina just below them. The aliʻi were the royal nobles with the kahuna (high priest) below them, the makaʻāinana (commoners) next with the kauā below them as the lowest ranking social caste.
The rulers of the Hawaiian islands (noho aliʻi o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻAina) are a line of Native Hawaiians who were independent rulers of various subdivisions of the islands of Hawaii. Their genealogy is traced to Hānalaʻanui and others. The aliʻi nui were responsible for making sure the people observed a strict kapu (a code of conduct relating to taboos). The system had rules regarding many aspects of Hawaiian social order, fishing rights and even where women could eat. After the death of Kamehameha I, the system was abolished, and the Hawaiian religion soon fell as the gods were abandoned.
By 1500, Hawaiians began to spread to the interiors of the islands and religion was more emphasized.
During his third voyage, James Cook had lingered in the Society Islands from August until December 1777 before resuming his explorations. By December 8, they were in Bora-Bora, about ten months behind schedule, having lost a whole season of Arctic exploration. It was also obvious that the health of Captain Charles Clerke — who commanded HMS Discovery — was deteriorating. Proceeding north, they discovered the Pacific’s largest atoll, Christmas Island (today’s Kiritimati), where they celebrated Christmas and Cook observed an eclipse of the sun. After stocking up on over a ton of green turtles, the ships departed on January 2, 1778.
On January 18, the surprising, momentous discovery of Hawaii occurred when HMS Resolution and Discovery arrived at the mouth of the Waimea River on the Western side of Kaua‘i. Originally, Cook sent three small craft to Waimea so that his men could determine if it was a good place for the ships to dock. They reported back that there was a fresh water lagoon alongside a native village, so Cook and his men anchored their ships with the sun rising over the islands’ volcanic mountains. Trading pigs and potatoes for nails began immediately with canoeists coming alongside; venturing aboard, the islanders were astonished at what they saw and could not refrain from trying to steal anything they could.
When Cook went ashore on the morning of January 20, the people prostrated themselves on the ground in his honor; remarkably, they understood the Tahitian language. Cook always wondered how the Polynesians had populated the vast Pacific. Later, Cook learned that Third Lieutenant John Williamson, who had been in charge of the search party that had found this anchorage, had shot and killed a native in senseless fear. An ominous, symbolic beginning. The people, though, were friendly, the water was sweet, and the trading was excellent. Captain Clerke, feeling somewhat better, reported that one moderate-size nail supplied his ship’s company with a day’s worth of pork.
Cook’s mission is thought to be one of scientific and social exploration. His men documented the flora and fauna of the Waimea area, and tried to translate the language of the natives. This first encounter was relatively friendly. One of Cook’s men wrote, “On landing I was reciev’d with every token of respect and friendship by a great number of the Natives who were collected upon the occasion; they every one of them prostrated themselves around me which is the first mark of respect at these Isles.”
Cook’s arrival, the first Western contact with Hawaii, is fraught with contradictions. While it was originally friendly and is responsible for a vast resource of information about the flora, fauna and culture of Hawaii, it also marks the beginning of the period of colonization of Hawaii and its people. The arrival of Europeans also introduced venereal disease and tuberculosis, which is responsible for decimating the native Hawaiian population.
Cook was impatient to get to New Albion, the British name for the region that Sir Francis Drake had explored along northwest North America in 1579, so they stayed at Kauai and nearby Niihau for only two weeks. On February 2, 1778, Cook continued on to the coast of North America and Alaska searching for a Northwest Passage for approximately nine months. He returned to Hawaii chain to resupply, initially exploring the coasts of Maui and Hawaii Island to trade.
After sailing around the archipelago for some eight weeks, he made landfall at Kealakekua Bay, on Hawaii Island, largest island in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Cook’s arrival coincided with the Makahiki, a Hawaiian harvest festival of worship for the Polynesian god Lono. Coincidentally the form of Cook’s ship, HMS Resolution, or more particularly the mast formation, sails and rigging, resembled certain significant artefacts that formed part of the season of worship. Similarly, Cook’s clockwise route around the island of Hawaii before making landfall resembled the processions that took place in a clockwise direction around the island during the Lono festivals. It has been argued (most extensively by Marshall Sahlins) that such coincidences were the reasons for Cook’s (and to a limited extent, his crew’s) initial deification by some Hawaiians who treated Cook as an incarnation of Lono. Though this view was first suggested by members of Cook’s expedition, the idea that any Hawaiians understood Cook to be Lono, and the evidence presented in support of it, were challenged in 1992.
After a month’s stay at Kealakekua Bay, Cook attempted to resume his exploration of the Northern Pacific. Shortly after leaving Hawaii Island, however, the Resolution‘s foremast broke in bad weather, so the ships returned to Kealakekua Bay for repairs. Tensions rose, and a number of quarrels broke out between the Europeans and Hawaiians. An unknown group of Hawaiians took one of Cook’s small boats. The evening when the cutter was taken, the people had become “insolent” even with threats to fire upon them. Cook was forced into a wild goose chase that ended with his return to the ship frustrated. He attempted to kidnap and ransom the aliʻi nui of Hawaiʻi, Kalaniʻōpuʻu.
That following day, February 14, 1779, Cook marched through the village to retrieve Kalaniʻōpuʻu. Cook took the king (aliʻi nui) by his own hand and led him willingly away. One of Kalaniʻōpuʻu’s favorite wives, Kanekapolei and two chiefs approached the group as they were heading to boats. They pleaded with the king not to go until he stopped and sat where he stood. An old kahuna (priest), chanting rapidly while holding out a coconut, attempted to distract Cook and his men as a large crowd began to form at the shore. The
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ir, 40, İlkokul, Hacıahmetli Köyü, Mut, Mersin.
K.24 Mehmet Zeren. 50, Ceyhan, Dokuztekne Köyü, evli, Yüksekokul, Ceyhan, Adana.
K.25 Munise Mamak. 26, evli, ev hanımı, İlkokul, Yumurtalık, Adana.
K.26 Murat Evat. Soysal Köyü, 50, Adana.
K.27 Mustafa Sarı. 60, Müteahhit, Keşli, Adana.
K.28 Nuran Sert. 47, İlkokul, Hacıahmetli Köyü, Mut, Mersin.
K.29 Osman Çelik. Dutlu Köyü, 52, Adana.
K.30 Ömer Torun. 62, okumamış, Dokuztekne Köyü, Adana.
K.31 Özlem Yönder. 20, Üniversite Öğrencisi, Adana.
K.32 Selahattin Kaya. 47, emekli, Keşli, Adana.
K.33 Sultan Balkarkaya. 37, ev hanımı, İlkokul, Yumurtalık, Adana.
K.34 Süleyman Dava. Tecirli Aşireti, 69, Adana.
K.35 Süleyman Dura. 69, okuma yazması yok, Tekeli Aşireti, Adana.
K.36 Süleyman Kaçar. 70, İlkokul, Ceyhan, Adana.
K.37 Ümmü Özgüç. 60, İlkokul, Adana.
Kaynaklar
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14. Eren, Naci;1979, Yörük Göçü, T.F.A. 18-19/362 Eylül
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19. İnan, Abdulkadir; 1954, Tarihte ve Bugün Şamanizm, Ankara.
20. İnan, Abdülkadir; 1966, Tarihte ve Bugün Şamanizm
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23. Kaya, Muharrem; 2001, Eski Türk İnanışlarının Türkiye'deki Halk Hekimliğinde İzleri , Folklor/Edebiyat, Ankara
24. Korum, Oğuz; Alanya'da Yayla Göçü, Alanya I. Tarih Ve Kültür Semineri (Bildiriler), Seçil Ofset.
25. Kutlu, Muhtar; 1987, Doğu Anadolu Göçer Topluluklarında Karaçadır, Iıı. Milletlerarası Türk Folklor Kongresi Bildirileri, K.T.B. Yay., Başbakanlık Basımevi, Ankara.
26. Kutlu, Muhtar;1987, Şavaklı Türkmenlerinde Göçer Hayvancılık, K.T.B. Mıfad Yay., Sevinç Matbaası, Ankara.
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29. Meydan Larousse, 1971, İnanç ,C.6, İstanbul Meydan Larousse; 1973, Yörükler Maddesi, Cilt. 12, İstanbul.
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35. Örnek, Sedat Veyis; 1988, 100 Soruda İlkellerde Din, Büyü, Sanat, Efsane, İstanbul
36. Özbudun, Sibel; 1997, Ayinden Törene: Siyasal İktidarı Kurulma ve Kurumsallaşma Sürecinde Törenlerin İşlevleri, İstanbul.
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Dünyada ve Türkiye'de Batıl İnançlar
İlk çağlardan beri her toplumdan insanlar gerçeklik payı olmayan, korkuları, çaresizlikleri, eski gelenekleri gereği genellikle doğa üstü olan olaylara inanırlar. Bu inançlar batıl inançlar olarak isimlendirilir. Çoğu psikolojik olarak bu tür inanışların negatif etkisine maruz kaldığı için doğruluğuna ve bu tür batıl inançlara daha içten bir şekilde inanırlar.
Bana soracak olursanız batıl inançların özünde yatan; topluma, bireylere bazı bilinmesi gereken şeyleri öğretmeyi korkutarak sağlamaktır. Aşağıdaki çoğu batıl inançlarda bunu görebilirsiniz. Örneğin Hıristiyanlıkta olan siyah kedi, süpürge, 13. Cuma gibi batıl inançlar Avrupa'nın paganizmi unutturma çabalarından kaynaklanmaktadır. Örneğin Anadolu'da yaygın olan batıl inançlarda ise yine öğretiler söz konusu olabilmektedir. Elektriğin yaygın olmadığı dönemlerde geceleri yapılan tırnak bakımı karanlık neticesinde hoş olmayan sonuçlar doğurabiliyordu. Dolayısı ile geceleri tırnak kesmenin hoş olmadığı farklı bir yöntemle bireylere anlatılıyor. Örneğin bıçak hediye edilmesi konusundaki batıl inanç eskiden krallıkların birbirleriyle savaşmadan önce birbirlerine bıçak göndermeleriyle ilgili olabilir. Bu savaşın sebebi bile sayılabiliyormuş.
Ev içerisinde şemsiye açmanın tehlikeli olduğu ortada, küçük bir mekanda açılan şemsiye mekanda bulunanlara istemeden zarar verebilir. Kısacası benim görüşüm batıl inançların ortaya çıkmasındaki en büyük etken korkutularak bazı şeylerin öğretilmesinin yada şartlı davranılmasının daha kolay olmasıdır. Mezarlıklardaki ağaçlar toprakta oluşan azotu kullanır, havayı temizler, toprağın kaymamasını sağlar vs. İnsanlara böyle söylediğinizde sizi dinlemezler gidip o ağaçları yinede ihtiyaçları için kesebilirler. Mezarlıkların ağaçlara ihtiyacı vardır. İnsanlara mezarlıktan ağaç kesmenin çarpılmayla sonuçlanacağını anlatmak onları bu eylemden daha kolay uzak tutmaktadır çünkü dinin korkutucu ve caydırıcı etkisi büyüktür. Öyle ya da böyle insanlar garip şeylerde şansı veya şansızlığı bulmuşlar ve bazı olay ya da objelerin kötü ya da iyi kaderi getirdiğine inanmışlar. Aşağıda bu batıl inançlardan dünya çapında ve ülkemizde olanların bazılarını görebilirsiniz… Söylemeden edemeyeceğim bazılarına ben de inanıyorum
Dünya'da Batıl İnançlar
1. 13. Cuma: İskandinav mitolojisinde 12 tanrıya 13. kötü tanrının katılmasının insanlara kötü talih getirdiğine inanılır.
2. 2 ayaklı merdiven açıkken bir üçgen oluşturur. Altından geçmek bazı Hıristiyanlarca kutsal üçlemenin bozulmasına neden olduğuna inanılır. Kutsal üçleme kırılarak şeytanla bir anlaşma içerisine girildiği söylenir ve kötü şans getirir.
3. Antik Mısır'da Tanrıça Bast siyah bir kedi olarak tasvir edilirdi. Hıristiyanlarca diğer dinleri çağrıştıran her türlü obje kötü şans getirirdi ve dinlerine karşı çıkardı siyah kedi de dinlerine zarar verecek tanrıyla aralarına girecek bir objeydi. Hatta kedileri olan kadınlar bir dönem cadılıkla suçlanıp cezalandırılmıştı Engizisyon Mahkemeleri zamanında.
4. Yakınlarda bir baykuş 3 kez öttüğünde oraya ölüm getirdiğine inanılır kimilerince.
5. Ortada hiçbir şey yokken evin içinde bir köpeğin havlaması sonucunda evde birinin hastalanacağına inanılır.
6. Masada bıçakların üst üste gelmesi durumunda yani hane içerisinde masada duran bıçaklar çakışırsa o evde kavga olacağına inanılır.
7. Sebebi ve temeli bilinmese de evde kırılan aynanın 7 yıl şansızlık getirdiğine inanılır. Durduk yere sebepsiz kırılan aynanın ise ölüm getirdiğine..
8. Birçok toplumda batıl olarak ev içerisinde şemsiye açmanın kötü şans getirdiğine inanılır.
9. 1 Mayıs'tan önce ağaçtan çiçek koparıp eve getirmek kötü şans getirir.
10. Birine karşılığında başka bir şey almadan eldiven vermek kötü şans getirir.
11. Suya, denize taş atmak kötü şans getirir.
12. Yeni ayakkabılar masanın üstünde bırakılmaz.
13. Yeni eve taşınırken eski evin süpürgesi yeni eve götürülmez.
14. Kulağınız yanıyorsa biri sizi anıyor demektir. Sol kulak yanıyorsa kötü sağ kulak yanıyorsa iyi şekilde
15. Sol elinizin avuç içi kaşınıyorsa kavga edeceksiniz sağ elinizin avuç içi kaşınıyorsa para gelecek
16. İyi bir şeyden bahsederken ve zarar gelmesi istenmiyorsa tahtaya 3 kez vurulur.
17. Süpürgeyle vurduğunuz kişi tembel olur.
18. Eğer fakir birine yeni bir çift ayakkabı vermezseniz hayatınız boyunca öldükten sonra diğer yaşama çıplak ayakla gidersiniz.
19. Birinin bardakta yarım kalmış suyuna su ilave ederek içilmez kötü kader getirir.
20. Cadılardan korunmak için mavi boncuk taşınır.
21. Eğer köprüde bir arkadaşınıza hoş çakal derseniz o arkadaşınızı bir daha göremezsiniz. (buna ben de inanıyorum)
22. Fırtınalı havada saç kesmek iyi şans getirir.
23. Kediler bebeklerden uzak tutulur, kedilerin bebeklerin nefesini çaldığı söylenir.
24. Tırnaklar veya saçlar kesildikten sonra yakılmalı veya gömülmelidir.
Anadolu'da Batıl İnançlar
1. Mezarlık, ziyaret yerlerindeki ağaçları kesenler çarpılır.
2. Türbeden dışarıya bir şey, bir nesne götüren kişiler çarpılır.
3. Mezarlığı parmağı ile işaret etmek iyi değildir. Parmakları ile işaret eden kişilerin parmakları kurur.
4. Kurban kesilirken hayvan dilini dışarı çıkarırsa kurban sahibi o yıl içerisinde ölür.
5. Bir çocuk sürekli ağlarsa o evde mutlaka ölüm meydana gelir.
6. Ayakkabı çıkarıldığında ters dönerse, ayakkabı sahibinin tez vakitte öleceği düşünülür.
7. Yatarken çorapları baş tarafa koymak iyi değildir, insan çabuk ölür.
8. Ölünün elbiseleri ölü yıkayıcılarına verilir.
9. Mezarlıktan ağaç kesilmez. Ağaçta cin olduğuna inanılır.
10. Gece ölen kişinin üzerine sabaha kadar bıçak konulur.
11. Yoğurdun güzel olması için mezardan çırpı toplanarak, kaynayan sütün altına atılır.
12. Ölünün yıkandığı evde üç gün ışık yanar.
13. Baş sağlığına gelen kişilerin ayakkabıları ters çevrilmez.
14. Mezar kazıcısına para verilmezse ölünün rahatsız olacağına inanılır.
15. Yılan öldürülüp, suya atılırsa ve yılan suda kaybolursa yağmur yağar ve durmaz, seller olur.
16. Kurt uluyunca ya ayaz olur ya kar yağar.
17. Bir evin başında baykuş öterse, o evde biri ölür ya da bir yıkım olur.
18. İnek doğurunca eve ağır bir şey alınırsa ya da ağır bir şey kaldırılırsa ineğin sütü kesilir.
19. İneğin sütünü yere sağmak iyi değildir, hayvan hastalanır.
20. İlk yaylaya çıkışta sığırların ortasından bir yabancı geçerse sığırlar hamile kalmaz, doğum yapmazlar.
21. Bir kişinin önüne tavşan çıkması uğursuzluktur, mümkünse gidilen yoldan geri dönülür.
22. Çakal uluyunca yere tükürmek gerekir, yoksa insanın başına bir yıkım gelir.
23. Çakal ulumaya başlayınca hava açacak, günlük güneşlik olacak demektir.
24. Ateşe tükürmek, ateşe sövmek, ateşe tırnak atmak, su dökmek uğursuzluk getirir.
25. Sabah evinden başkasına ateş verenin ocağı söner.
26. Ocağın üstünü boş bırakmak uğursuzluk getirir.
27. Sacayağının birdenbire devrilmesi evin başına bir
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of all freshwater withdrawals in the nation, of which 71 percent is used in fossil fuel-based electrical generation. The same technologies used to produce electricity from fossil-based fuels are, and will continue to be, used for a significant amount of biomass-based power production.
Much of the water used for power generation, including biomass power generation, is consumed in the condensing step of the system where the steam exiting the turbine is cooled and condensed back to water. This water is sent back to the boiler for reconversion to steam to spin the generator to produce electricity. This steam is in a closed loop and has small losses from venting of steam and blowdown of water in the steam cycle to reduce impurities in the steam system. It is in the cooling loop, separate from the steam system, where water is used to condense the steam which has the most significant losses. The water in this loop is cooled by evaporation in large cooling towers to cool the water that is then used to condense the steam. The availability of water for use in biomass electric power generation is limited in many parts of the United States, and biomass power plants must compete with other industrial customers, agricultural interests and households for this limited commodity.
Therefore, water is an important factor in obtaining site permits for new biomass power plant construction. Difficulty in obtaining necessary water permits can lead to delayed or abandoned projects. Also, it is often the case that additional infrastructure is required to provide a suitable supply, adding cost and environmental impact. In areas that do not have an adequate water source, biomass power plant construction is often not even considered, even though these locations are ideal in other respects. In addition, potential regulations curtailing CO2 emissions will impact water use. Because of the corrosive nature of carbonic acid, water will need to be removed to low levels prior to pipelining the CO2 to its final destination.
The EERC in conjunction with a commercial partner investigated a unique technology aimed at reducing the water use in power production systems that has many potential applications. This technology is a liquid desiccant dehumidification system (LDDS). The LDDS is an absorption-based system designed to recover moisture from process gas streams. This gas may be the effluent from an ethanol process, the exhaust from a biomass power generation system or any other moisture-rich gas stream.
The LDDS concept has several features that make it potentially attractive for integration with a biomass utilization process:
• The desiccant solution separates the process gas and moisture condensation space. In this respect, the LDDS performs a similar function to a water-selective membrane, but it is more robust and can resist fouling in harsh gas environments.
• The LDDS produces high-quality product water without additional treatment.
• The LDDS does not completely cool the process gas stream, which is an important consideration if the gas is to be exhausted to a stack.
This is just one example where the EERC can play a part in cooperation with the biomass industry to provide value-added services and processes. The EERC is committed to reducing the water footprint of biomass utilization systems, whether it is in power production or in the production of bioproducts or biofuels, and is working with industry to do so.
Author: Bruce Folkedahl
Senior Research Manager,
Energy & Environmental Research Center<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>What is neuropathic pain?
Neuropathic pain is a pain that has very specific characteristics that make it very different both in the symptoms and fundamentally in the treatment of pain that we conventionally know, which is what we call inflammatory pain, the pain that occurs after of a trauma, after an operation, etc.. Neuropathic pain is basically a pain that is related to an alteration of the nervous system, it can be of the central nervous system or the peripheral nervous system, and it has very specific clinical characteristics.
Most patients notice symptoms that are very specific: sharp pain, cramps, a pain that may be burning ... In fact, often for patients it is difficult to explain the symptoms they feel, because they do not correspond normally to the descriptors that we use to describe the pain that is normally felt after trauma, for example. Neuropathic pain has a very complex physiology and needs diagnostic methods that are also a bit more sophisticated than those that are usually used to diagnose painful processes, for example related to trauma or other types of diseases..
In fact, there is a group of tests that are very specific for diagnosis such as electromyography or sensitive evoked potentials and in that sense it is imperative to work together with neurophysiologists to be able to carry out a diagnosis as concrete as possible.
Why does it arise and who does it affect?
Neuropathic pain arises from a variety of causes. The most common are infectious causes - that is, what we call a postherpetic neuralgia-, metabolic causes - for example, diabetic neuropathy-, and then as a condition associated with alterations of the peripheral nervous system - for example, radicular pain associated with hernias discs- or pathologies secondary to diseases of the central nervous system - such as a stroke that can produce a type of pain that we call central pain and that has characteristics of neuropathic pain-. In any case, neuropathic pain may be associated with another type of pain, inflammatory symptoms, such as herniated discs in the case of irradiation pain, and in that sense it can affect a very large population.
How is it treated in a pain unit?
The treatment of neuropathic pain is mainly through pharmacological processes or invasive procedures. Most of the patients who come to the pain unit have already started a pharmacological treatment that we can implement in any case with certain drugs that we use preferentially. However, what we can provide indisputably are the invasive procedures, within which there are various procedures of various kinds that will have an indication depending on the initial picture that produces neuropathic pain.
If it is not treated, what physical and psychological consequences can it have for the patient?
Most patients when they come to the pain unit have already been treated previously and generally never satisfactorily. The treatment of neuropathic pain is complex and, in most patients, difficult to carry out. This undoubtedly has an impact on all spheres of life, in the labor sphere, as well as in the personal and social spheres.. It is indisputable that if we manage to treat pain, the patient will improve in all areas of his life and, therefore, we must try to take the treatment as appropriate as possible. If we fail to control pain, on the other hand, the clinical picture may worsen over time, especially in some neuropathic pain pictures such as the complex regional syndrome in which it is imperative to do the treatment early.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Mass transportation is any kind of transportation system in which large numbers of people are carried within a single vehicle or combination of vehicles. Airplanes, railways, buses, trolleys, light rail systems, and subways are examples of mass transportation systems. The term mass transit is commonly used as a synonym for mass transportation.
Mass transit system refers to public shared transportation, such as trains, buses, ferries etc that can commute a larger number of passengers from origin to destination on a no-reserved basis and in lesser time. It can also be termed as Public Transport.
Impacts – Advantages of Mass Transit Train:
The following will be the impacts or advantages of Mass Transit Train in Pakistan.
Mass transit train is believed to be more environmental friendly or eco-friendly than other public transport facilities. Private vehicles emit about twice as much carbon monoxide and other volatile organic compounds than public vehicles. Mass transit reduces the number of cars on the road which in turn reduces the pollution caused by individual cars.
Social Impacts of Mass Transit:
All members of the society irrespective of their financial status, religion or cast are able to travel which enhances the social integrity of the country. The necessity of a driving license is also eliminated. It is a blessing for those individuals who are unable to drive.
Economic Impacts of Mass Transit:
Mass transit train in Pakistan can improve the both usefulness and efficiency of the public transit system as well as result in increased business for commercial developments and thus serves to improve the economy of the country. Transit systems also have an indirect positive effect on other businesses. Mass transit systems offer considerable savings in labor, materials, and energy over private transit systems.
Also mass transit train will allows a higher amount of load to be transported to far away destinations in lesser time because of its reasonable capacity than private vehicles. Because of their larger capacity offering them to carry high efficient engines they also help in saving fuels.
The Mass transit train project will provide employment opportunities in Pakistan because the whole labour required for that project will be from Pakistan.
Other Positive Impacts:
The main idea behind mass transit train in Pakistan is to reduce the number of vehicles on the road by providing a larger facility which carries higher number of passengers thus eliminating congestion.
Mass transit train will reduces the travel time to a great extent as it moves at high speeds and stops only at specific spots.
Mass transit is comparably cheaper than other modes of public transport.
Disadvantages of Mass Transit Train:
Pakistan has to face the following consequences in order to establish the whole Mass Transit Train project. The disadvantages of that project are explained as under:
Rs. 140 aside. Will anyone pay such a fare? It’s too much for worker class who will be the main consumers of this service.
Expensive to import the technology:
Too expensive to import the technology and maintain the service. Pakistan has to pay the huge amount for the import of the technology as well as has to pay the engineers of china because it have been decided that the engineering staff will be from China.
The Mass Transit Train project requires a large investment of capital. The cost of construction, maintenance and overhead expenses are very high as compared to other modes of transport. Moreover, the investments are specific and immobile. In case the traffic is not sufficient, the investments may mean wastage of huge resources
Another disadvantage of the Mass Transit Train is that it will create noise pollution in Pakistan.
Require Huge Capital:
The Mass Transit Train project require huge capital outlay, they may give rise to monopolies and work against public interest at large. Even if controlled and managed by the government, lack of competition may breed in inefficiency and high costs.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>New antibiotics -- or needless deaths
By Dennis T. Avery
For decades, physicians and livestock producers have been warring about the low-level feeding of antibiotics to hogs and poultry. The meat producers have been putting small quantities of antibiotics into their poultry, hog, and cattle feeds to prevent the development of animal disease epidemics. The better herd and flock health reduces death losses and animal suffering -- and also slashes their feed requirements.
However, the doctors asserted that resistance to new antibiotics was appearing too fast to be explained by the modest levels of the prescriptions they write. Human lives are clearly at stake. The Centers for Disease Control and physicians' associations demanded the end of farm antibiotic use
The farmers fired back: The physicians and public are too careless with their new medicines. Half the antibiotic prescriptions are written for patients suffering from viral diseases; the antibiotics can't cure these, but patients demand pills. Then people quit taking the pills as soon as they feel better. That ignores the advice from their doctors and druggists: "Take as directed until all these pills are gone." Otherwise, the toughest bacteria will be left alive -- and help create resistance to the new wonder-drug.
As the farmers pointed out, however, most of the antibiotics they fed to livestock were not widely used in human medicine. Why were farmers to blame when hospital resistance quickly developed to the very newest human-prescribed antibiotics?
Some European countries even banned antibiotics in feed -- with no apparent reduction in the development of antibiotic resistance.
Finally, we seem to have found the answer to the riddle: the antibiotic resistance was there before we discovered antibiotics. Remember, humans didn't invent the anti-bacterial wonder drugs, we have simply isolated anti-bacterial agents that already existed in the infinite, competitive variety of nature.
Researchers at McMaster University in Ontario have found that antibiotic resistance has been around for at least 30,000 years. A team led by the University's Dr. Gerry Wright extracted bacterial DNA from soil frozen in the Yukon Territories for at least 300 centuries. They found antibiotic resistance genes, along with the DNA of extinct mammoths and three-toed sloths; and from plants not found in that locality since the Pleistocene era.
"Antibiotics are part of the natural ecology of the planet," says Dr. Wright, "so when we think that we have developed some drug that won't be susceptible to resistance . . . we are completely kidding ourselves. . . . Microorganisms figured out a way of how to get around [antibiotics] before we even figured out how to use them [antibiotics]."
That clearly gives us our medical marching orders: Keep researching new antibiotics to stay ahead of the resistance. Our public policies need a much higher emphasis on welcoming antibiotic research. Memo to the Food and Drug Administration: this research tells us there is no drug that will work perpetually. Let's move faster with good new antibiotics
It's too bad the government has already spent all of our money on "stimulus" plans that didn't work. Otherwise, we could offer a big national prize for new antibiotics developed competitively by our pharmaceutical corporations.
Dennis T. Avery, a senior fellow for the Hudson Institute in Washington, D.C., is an environmental economist. He was formerly a senior analyst for the Department of State. He is co-author, with S. Fred Singer of Unstoppable Global Warming Every 1500 Years. Readers may write to him at PO Box 202 Churchville, VA 2442; email to firstname.lastname@example.org or visit us at www.cgfi.org<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>MATHEMATICS is a curious subject. Though often classed as one, it is not really a science. That scientists use it to describe their interpretation of reality is not quite the same thing. Nor, though, is it an art—not, at any rate, in the modern meaning of that word. The aesthetics of the subject, which any mathematician will tell you are the driving force behind his passion, are not obvious to the senses in the way that those of a painting, a symphony or a play are. Yet Benoît Mandelbrot's celebrity beyond the academy is largely due to art in its modern, sensuous, sense. For the “set” to which he gave his name, when computed, drawn on a complex plane and suitably tinted, appealed greatly to the senses—as a million posters, greetings cards and T-shirts, bought by people who had not the faintest idea what it was, attest.
The Mandelbrot set is a collection of points in the complex-number plane. The formula for calculating these numbers is zn+1 = zn2 + c, where c is a complex number and n (representing the digits 1 to infinity) counts the number of times the calculation has been performed. Z starts as any number you like, and changes with each calculation, the value of zn+1 being used as zn the next time round. Sometimes the value of z remains finite, no matter how large n gets. In that case, c is part of the Mandelbrot set. Sometimes z shoots off to infinity. In that case, c is not part of the set. The boundary between the two is the swirling fractal line that so appeals to the eye, and the colours of the points outside the set indicate how long the calculation takes to start shooting off to infinity.
Fractal. Complex-number plane. Lewis Carroll, no mean mathematician himself, asked Alice to believe as many as six impossible things before breakfast. These could easily have been two of them.
First, then, the complex plane. This is the space on which all numbers, real, imaginary and combinations of the two, can be plotted. A real number is the familiar sort from normal arithmetic. An imaginary one is a multiple of the square root of -1.
Mathematicians struggled for centuries with the question of what, multiplied by itself, gives the answer -1 before one of them, Leonhard Euler, suggested that the best way to deal with the problem was to invent a new symbol (he chose i) and live with the consequences. It works. And, as Euler's successor, Carl Friedrich Gauss, was to discover, if you plot real numbers on one axis of a graph and imaginary ones on the other, you create a plane that represents both sorts of numbers. Complex numbers, which have a real and an imaginary part added together, are the points on this plane that do not lie on either axis.
The invention of complex numbers was a watershed in mathematics. It also marked the moment when maths began to slip away from being part of the armamentarium of any educated person and towards the dizzyingly abstruse field it has become today. But a fractal is something a ten-year-old child might hit on.
What is the length of a country's coastline? Any encyclopedia will give you a figure. Yet stand by the sea and watch the irregularity of its edge, and you begin to doubt. It is not just a matter of tide and waves. Even measuring the boundary of a static body of water is no mean feat. The closer you look, the more irregular the line. That, at bottom, is what describes a fractal. When you magnify it, it rushes away from you and becomes a simulacrum of its larger self, eventually infinitely long.
Dr Mandelbrot asked himself the coastline question, and answered it in 1967, in an essay called “How long is the coast of Britain?”. In 1975 he invented the word fractal to describe his discoveries. Extending fractals into the plane of complex numbers followed in 1979. But the breakthrough that made them famous was the ability of computers to plot them in a way that is easy on the eye. Thus were launched the posters, the cards and the T-shirts.
Before all this Dr Mandelbrot worked in the obscurity that modern mathematicians have resigned themselves to. He had followed, albeit belatedly, a path familiar to Jewish intellectuals driven from eastern Europe by the rise of the Nazis. His family fled Poland for France before the second world war and, though they stayed there for the duration, the young Benoît afterwards oscillated between France and the United States before settling for America in 1958. Once there, he worked for IBM. Among other things, he modelled electrical noise. Which, it turns out, is fractal. That it was the transmogrification of his formula by computers which brought him fame is thus appropriate.
For a time, fractals seemed the answer to everything: the shape of clouds, the growth of organisms, even why the night sky is dark. Then the world lost interest.
Perhaps it should not have. For among Dr Mandelbrot's beliefs was a conviction that financial-market movements, too, have fractal forms, rather than the familiar bell shapes of “normal” distribution that Gauss also described. If Dr Mandelbrot's belief was correct, trading models based on Gauss's distribution are wrong.
That markets are not Gaussian has now been accepted. Dr Mandelbrot's interpretation, however, has not. Even if it had been, the bankers might not have noticed. They preferred algorithms to geometry.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The isolated cabin in the forest: a romantic symbol of the human aspiration to individual freedom. (imago / Cavan Images)
Today, huts can be luxurious or even urban. The idea of the wobbly, twisted wooden cabin is outdated and yet the most modern cabin has something in common with the simple cottage and the simple hermit barracks.
When 20-year-old medical student Georg Büchner smuggled a rebel pamphlet disguised as an agricultural journal to a secret printing house in Offenbach on the night of
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در آن نقش ایفا می کند. وی در اولین تجربه خود که سال گذشته انجام شد، در سریالی بنام الغالبون (پیروزمندان) که در ماه مبارک رمضان از شبکه های مختلف تلویزیونی و ماهواره ای پخش شد، نقش ایفا کرد.
بر همین اساس وی اوایل این هفته قرارداد بازیگری در نقش جدید خود را با یک شرکت سینمایی امضا کرد. وی قرار است در بخش دوم سریال الغالبون نیز نقش ایفا کند. این سریال در ماه مبارک رمضان سال 2012 میلادی پخش خواهد شد.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Bbc Muhabiri Christian Fraser, Tüyleri Diken Diken Eden Olayı Yazdı.
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BBC muhabiri Christian Fraser, tüyleri diken diken eden olayı yazdı. Müthiş bir gazetecilik örneği gösteren Fraser, Gazze'de bir hafta önce bir hastanede gördüğü küçük Filistinli kızı Belçika'da bir hastanede buldu...
3
Yetmedi, tekrar Gazze'ye gitti be kızın babasını bulup, küçük kızın nasıl o hale getirildiğini birinci ağızdan öğrendi. Başka tanıklarla da konuştu. Ve sonunda İsrail ordusuna gidip yaşananları anlattı. Olayın yerini ve saatini verdi. İsrail ordusu olayı araştırma sözü verdi...
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Ve işte Christian Fraser'ın kaleminden Gazze'de dehşet verici olaylardan sadece biri....
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"Sema Abid Rabbo'yu bir hafta önce, El Ariş hastanesinde görmüştüm. Gazze'den Belçika'ya nakledilmiş. Sema'ya refakat eden amcasının şok edici iddiaları üzerine Gazze'ye gelir gelmez babasını aramaya başladım.
6
Sema'nın babası Halid Abid Rabbo'yu tamamen harabeye dönen Cebaliye'deki evlerinin enkazı başında buldum. Burada ayakta kalmış bir ev bile yok.
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Halid Abid Rabbo, 10 metre ötesini işaret ederek "Tanklar buradaydı. Dışarı çıkmamızı istediler. Önce kadınlar sonra da üç kızım. 4 yaşındaki Sema, 7 yaşındaki Suad ve iki yaşındaki Emel." diye anlattı.
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Beyaz bayraklar asılı evlerinin önünde beklerken İsrail tanklarından çıkan bir asker, M16 tüfeğiyle üç çocuğu da vurmuş. Ailenin üç ferdinden bu anlatılanları ayrı ayrı dinledim.
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Bize bir hafta önce El Ariş'te anlatılanlarla tamamen örtüşüyordu. Halid'in annesi, Sema'nın babaannesi İsrail askerlerinin çocukları 2 buçuk saat yerde kanlar içinde beklettiğini söylüyor.
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Daha sonra Filistinliler gelip çocukları hastaneye götürmüşler. Suad ve Emel çoktan ölmüştü.
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Ailenin anlattıklarını İsrail ordusunun sözcüsü Binbaşı Avital Leiboviç'e aktardım.
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Sözcü, "Cebaliye'de Hamas'la İsrail ordusu defalarca çatışmaya girdi. Burada Hamas'ın askeri kampa dönüştürdüğü çok sayıda sivil binalar olduğunu biliyoruz" dedi.
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İsrail ordusuna olayın yeri ve saatini verdik. Gerekirse görgü tanıklarının ifadesini aktarabileceğimizi de bildirdik. Sözcü, verilen bilgileri araştıracaklarını söyledi.
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İsrail ordusuna olayın yeri ve saatini verdik. Gerekirse görgü tanıklarının ifadesini aktarabileceğimizi de bildirdik. Sözcü, verilen bilgileri araştıracaklarını söyledi.
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Doktorlar Sema'nın muhtemelen bir daha yürüyemeyeceğini söylüyorlar. "<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Children who are diagnosed as deaf and blind, or who have significant hearing and visual impairment, most often have parents who have grown up never knowing individuals in their community who face the same challenges as their son or daughter. It would be helpful for the whole family to meet adults who are living with similar challenges, and to hear their own stories about growing up in a hearing and sighted world. They might warn parents that although children who have this dual diagnosis may experience the world quite differently than their mainstream peers, they are capable of great accomplishments and great mischief, unimagined by families who may initially feel overwhelmed by this dual diagnosis.
Unfortunately, early diagnosis of hearing or vision loss may be missed in babies who would benefit most from immediate intervention and support. Each child may respond differently to standard therapies and options available in their community, but outcomes are also influenced by the education, training, experience, personality and ambition of support staff, medical professionals, and family members. Every community would benefit from mentors who have grown up deaf/blind, or with diminishing hearing and sight. Professionals who work with children of various age ranges may still be ignorant of the possible achievements, goals or dreams of their students because they have never met educated or gainfully employed adults.
Children, teens and adults who have the same vision and hearing loss as one another are as different and unique from one another as their mainstream peers. Personality, talents and interests vary no matter the diagnosis a child is given by medical or educational professionals. Families are more likely to invent or find accommodations for their child by learning what is most productive for their child out of the options that are available for everyone. Advances in technology and updated tools based on simple low-tech methods of communication and experiencing the world make as big a difference today as the techniques that allowed Helen Keller to explore her enormous potential.
Successful, educated and talented adults who happen to be deaf and blind, and those who have significant hearing and visual impairment, can be found in neighborhoods throughout the country. Planning a child's education and coordinating support services with specialists and therapists without considering the perspective and experience of those who are living out active and social adult lives may affect parent expectations and reduce opportunities for the child, teen, or whole family.
Some adults with the combination of vision and hearing impairment grew up with neither, or had only one condition as a child. Some individuals have a genetic condition such as Usher Syndrome, where a child may be born deaf and experience vision loss early; one or both may develop with no relation to the other. Some children are born with serious vision impairment and develop hearing loss due to illness, accident or injury.
There are several regions in the USA where individuals who are deaf and blind have built productive, satisfying and vibrant communities with others who benefit from the same resources and accommodations. These simple and practical supports allow them to live life to the fullest; providing choices to express character flaws and idiosyncrasies along with possibly great abilities and talents; developing new interests throughout their ordinary lives.
Browse at your local bookstore, public library, art store or online retailer for books like She Touched the World: Laura Bridgman, Deaf-Blind Pioneer, Welcoming Students Who Are Deaf-Blind into Typical Classrooms: Facilitating School Participation, Learning, and Friendship; or Words in My Hands - A Teacher, a Deaf-Blind Man, an Unforgettable Journey
Lex Grandia - On the difficulties of people who are deafblind
How do Deaf-Blind People Communicate?
FAQ about DeafBlindness
deafREVIEW.com Launches in Seattle
A Role for Sign Language Interpreters: Preserving the Linguistic Human Rights of Deaf People
Is a Cochlear Implant Right for Our Son?
Disability Advocacy and Awareness
The Independent Airport Traveler
Sun Sense and Summer Fun
Childhood Hearing Problems
Hearing, Vision and Scoliosis Screening at School<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Managing Your Health
My COVID-19 Risk: THINK TWICE
Think about yourself and all the people with whom you have close contact:
|Is everyone under age 60?|
|Is everyone healthy, without underlying medical conditions?|
Think about the public activity:
|Can you avoid crowds or close interaction with people you do not know?|
|Can you always keep 6-foot distance from others?|
|Can you always wear a mask? (And can everyone else?)|
|Is the activity outdoors?|
|YES TO ALL QUESTIONS||NO TO SOME QUESTIONS||NO TO MOST OR ALL QUESTIONS|
|NO TO MOST OR ALL QUESTIONS||
|NO TO SOME QUESTIONS||Public Activity Risk|
|YES TO ALL QUESTIONS||Lower|
|< Lower||Severe Outcome Risk||Higher >|
Continue COVID-19 precautions
Consider avoiding non-essential activities
Avoid non-essential activities
People over 60 and people with underlying medical conditions are more likely to be hospitalized or die if they are infected with COVID-19. No activity that includes interactions with other people is entirely without risk, and younger people without underlying medical conditions can also have severe outcomes from COVID-19. This is meant to serve as a guide to informpersonaldecision-making. The risk of infection increases as the number of interactions increases.
If you’re sick, you must stay home (except to get medical care) for 10 days since your symptoms first appeared and at least 24 hours with no fever and improved symptoms, whichever is longer. Stay away from others and isolate in a separate room, if possible. Always wear a face covering when you need to be around others (even at home).
If a household member is sick, all members should also stay home and quarantine for 14 days. Consider having everyone in your home wear a face covering as soon as one household member becomes sick. Check your temperature twice a day and watch for symptoms of COVID-19. Get tested 5-9 days after being in contact with the sick person.
Know How it Spreads
The virus that causes COVID-19 primarily spreads between people in close contact when an infected person coughs, sneezes or talks. You might also get the virus if you touch something with the virus on it, and then touch your mouth, nose, or eyes.
Identify Household Members Who Are at Higher Risk
People of all ages can get sick with COVID-19 and it's important for everyone to take preventative measures. However, older adults and people who have serious underlying medical conditions like heart or lung disease or diabetes are at higher risk for developing serious complications from COVID-19 illness and need to take extra precautions. If your household includes one or more vulnerable individuals then all family members should act as if they, themselves, are at higher risk.
Take Everyday Preventative Actions
- Wash your hands oftenwith soap and water for at least 20 seconds
- Avoid close contact with people who are sick
- Put 6ft of distance between yourself and people who don’t live in your household
- Wear a face covering when in public and around others
- Clean and disinfect frequently-touched surfaces daily, like doorknobs, light switches, phones, and faucets
- Monitor your health dailyand watch for symptoms of COVID-19
- Avoid large gatherings and crowded spaces
- If you’re sick, stay home except to get medical care.
Protect Children and Vulnerable Members
- Choose one or two family members who are not at a higher risk to run the essential errands.
- Teach children the same things everyone should do to stay healthy. Children and other people can spread the virus even if they don’t show symptoms.
- Vulnerable members should avoid caring for children and people who are sick. If they must care for the children in their household, the children in their care should not have contact with individuals outside the household.
Separate a Household Member Who Is Sick
- Keep people at higher risk separated from anyone who is sick.
- Have only one person in the household take care of the person who is sick.
- Provide a separate bedroom and bathroom for the person who is sick, if possible.
- If you need to share a bedroom, separate the ill person’s bed.
- If you need to share a bathroom, clean and disinfect the frequently touched surfaces in the bathroom after each use.
- Maintain 6 feet between the person who is sick and other family or household members.
- If you are sick, do not help prepare food. Also, eat separately from the family.
Learn more at Centers of Disease Control & Prevention.
Watch for COVID-19 symptoms. Even if your symptoms are mild, by law in Chicago, you must stay home, except to get medical care. Most people have mild illness and are able to recover at home. If you want to get tested, call your healthcare provider or use this map to find a testing site near you. If you have symptoms of COVID-19 and are not tested, it is important to stay home.
Use Chi COVID Coach
You should first use our Chi COVID Coach, an app developed to help you know what to do if you have COVID-19 symptoms. Once you sign up, we’ll check back with you via text message. We'll let you know what you and the other people in your household should do to limit the spread of COVID-19, help you know how long you need to stay separated from others, and give you day-by-day guidance throughout a potential isolation or quarantine period.
If you’re sick you must stay home and cannot return to school or work until it has been:
- at least 10 days since your symptoms first appeared; and,
- at least 1 day (24 hours) with no fever (without using fever-reducing medications) and improved symptoms, whichever is longer.
For example, if you have a fever and coughing for 7 days, you need to stay home 3 more days for a total of 10 days. Or, if you have a fever and coughing for 10 days, you need to stay home 1 more day with no fever for a total of 11 days.
Follow these guidelines
If you’re mildly ill and can recover at home, follow the steps below to care for yourself and to help protect other people in your home and community.
- Stay home except to get medical care
- Stay away from other people in your home
- Clean your hands often
- Cover your coughs and sneezes
- Wear a face covering if you must be around other people (even at home)
- Avoid sharing personal household items
- Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces daily, like doorknobs, light switches, phones, and faucets
- Monitor your symptoms
- Call ahead before visiting your doctor
Learn more at Centers of Disease Control & Prevention.
Caring for someone who is sick
If you’re living with someone who is sick or have been in close contact with a person sick with COVID-19, you need to stay home too and avoid public places for 14 days. Monitor your symptoms and do not go to work or school. If you’re caring for someone sick at home follow these guidelines from the Centers of Disease Control & Prevention.
If you’re an essential worker who has been exposed to COVID-19, you may continue to work, as long as you don’t develop any COVID-19 symptoms. Follow these CDPH recommendations for essential workers.
COVID-19 testing is easy, quick and offered at no cost in many doctor’s offices, pharmacies, and healthcare centers. If you don’t have a regular doctor or medical insurance, locate a community health center or visit any of the City of Chicago community-based testing sites.
All individuals tested for COVID-19 should remain isolated until test results are returned.
Updated as of 09/25/2020
Who should be tested
Get tested if:
- You have symptoms of COVID-19 such as fever or chills, cough, difficulty breathing, sore throat, muscle or body aches, new loss of taste or smell, congestion or runny nose, nausea or vomiting, diarrhea
- You have been in contact with someone who is ill, especially if it's someone you live with, a friend or a coworker
- You have been in a high-risk group setting like a large gathering or crowded space
- You have recently traveled to a high-risk area
When to get tested
- If you have symptoms, get tested right away. Make an appointment in advance and make sure to stay 6ft from others and wear a face mask.
- If you don’t have symptoms, get tested 5-9 days after your last contact with the sick person.
How to get tested
- Your health care provider: Residents are best served when they’re tested by their health care provider, because your health care provider is familiar with your medical history and can provide counselling that helps you understand exactly what your test result means. If you develop any symptoms or think you may have been exposed to COVID-19, call your doctor and ask if you need to be tested. Your doctor will either perform the test at their office or will refer you to a testing site.
- Community health centers: If you don’t have a health care provider or medical insurance, there are approximately 165 community health centers throughout Chicago, so find one that is close to you at hrsa.gov. No patient will be turned away because of inability to pay. Community health centers provide services regardless of patients’ immigration status and charge for services on a sliding fee scale.
- City of Chicago testing sites: You can visit one of the City’s community-based testing sites. All tests at the City testing sites are offered at no cost to all people regardless of citizenship or insurance status. To pre-register and schedule an appointment please go to: ChicagoCovidTesting.com
- Testing Map: Use the City of Chicago’s interactive testing map to find a testing site near you. The map is updated frequently as locations are continuously added. Please note different testing sites might have different requirements. We recommend calling in advance or checking online first. For additional information, see the Illinois Department of Public Health list of testing sites.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Lc 5,27-32
Non sono venuto a chiamare i giusti, ma i peccatori perché si convertano.
In quel tempo, Gesù vide un pubblicano di nome Levi, seduto al banco delle imposte, e gli disse: «Seguimi!». Ed egli, lasciando tutto, si alzò e lo seguì. Poi Levi gli preparò un grande banchetto nella sua casa. C’era una folla numerosa di pubblicani e d’altra gente, che erano con loro a tavola. I farisei e i loro scribi mormoravano e dicevano ai suoi discepoli: «Come mai mangiate e bevete insieme ai pubblicani e ai peccatori?». Gesù rispose loro: «Non sono i sani che hanno bisogno del medico, ma i malati; io non sono venuto a chiamare i giusti, ma i peccatori perché si convertano».
Quando il peccato imperversava sulla terra, il Signore salvò il giusto Noè con il carico che era nella sua arca, distruggendo sulla terra ogni forma di vita. Anche con Sodoma e Gomorra fece la stessa cosa. Distrusse le due città, trasse fuori il giusto Lot con la sua famiglia. Mosè trasse dall’Egitto il suo popolo con segni e prodigi. Non fece alcuna opera di evangelizzazione. Con i profeti tutto cambia. Essi veng
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straight onward, but curves gracefully upwards into fantastic shapes, somewhat like the waves which curve as they break upon the shore; that is, as if the snow that passes through a chink were one connected body, detained by the friction of its lower side. It takes the form of saddles and shells and porringers. It builds up a fantastic alabaster wall behind the first – a snowy sierra. It is wonderful what sharp turrets it builds up, builds up, i.e. by accumulation though seemingly by attrition, though the curves upward to a point like the prows of ancient vessels look like sharp carving, or as if the material had been held before the blowpipe. So what was blown up in the air gradually sifts down into the road or field, and forms the slope of the sierra. Astonishingly sharp and thin overhanging eaves it builds, even this dry snow, where it has the least suggestion from a wall or bank, --less than a mason ever springs his brick from. This is the architecture of the snow. On high hills exposed to wind and sun, it curls off like the steam from a damp roof in the morning. Such sharply defined forms it takes as if the core had been the flames of gaslights.
Above: Henry David Thoreau, and the nature he adored.
image credit: wideopeneats.com
1853 – Death of Brookins Campbell, an American politician.
1854 – A New York City butcher named Robert Allen accidentally kills himself with his own revolver, which he kept under his pillow at night.
Two thousand miles to the west, a drunken Mormon in Salt Lake was knocked down by a passing soldier, somehow resulting in a brawl that involved 800 men, including the 16-year-old son of Brigham Young.
1855 – Soldiers of the Royal Canadian Rifles at the Tete du Pont barracks invented a game using field hockey sticks and lacrosse balls, while clearing the ice from Lake Ontario. The game is now known as ice hockey.
1856 – Birth of Hans von Bartels, a German painter, and also Pud Galvin, an American baseball player.
1857 – Birth of Manuel Jesus Ximenes in Graytown, Texas. He later served as a tax assessor, tax collector, county clerk, deputy sheriff, and United States Marshall in Wilson County.
1858 – Birth of Herman P. Faris, a leader of the American temperance movement.
Also on this day, documents are drawn relating to an unratified treaty with the Navajo people.
1859 – A page from the Social Security Death Master File lists two people born on this day. Their names are Isaac Burrell and Jefferson Coursey.
1860 – The Pony Express arrives in San Francisco from Fort Kearney, Nebraska on December 25th , carrying mail dated December 12th.
Meanwhile, back east, news outlets covered the story of 3 million dollars in coupon bonds vanishing from the Indian trust fund and resurfacing on the New York Stock Exchange, arousing much suspicion.
Also the birth of Manuel Dimech, a Maltese philosopher and social reformer.
Above: Reproduction of a map from 1860 showing the route of the Pony Express.
image credit: thevintagemapshop.com
Here are some Classic Short Stories from the public domain:
Told in the Drooling Ward, by Jack London
The Ransom of Red Chief, by O. Henry
The Tale of Peter Rabbit, by Beatrix Potter
Go here for selected Moral Stories.
See this page for Aesop's Fables, other short stories, printable poems, and more.
Click this link to learn Why Reading Is Important.
art history art history art history art history art history art history art history art history<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The subject draws from this page on Kroah's site : http://www.kroah.com/log/linux/ols_2006_keynote.html
and the comment by Linus that "Linux is Evolution, not Intelligent Design."
My first thought was, Good thing that Linus is a computer programmer and not a Chemist, Biologist, or any other kind of scientist.
Now, the first thing we need to do is actually set the definitions. The problem is a lot of people involved in the Intelligent Design debates are using the same vocabulary, the same words, but the meanings behind the words are completely different.
Lets call Intelligent Design for what it is: Creationism. It is the belief that a higher power created everything, from the atoms to the molecules, to the very life that we live.
Now, there is a lot of evidence to support Creationism. Proponents of Creationism cite the statistical chances of a single string of amino acids coming together in such a way to create life. You'll also hear arguments relating the lack of any fossil record indicating transitional species. Some will point to the problem that where did everything come from? How did matter come to exist to begin with? Some Creationists will point out that while there are ample examples of Homo Sampiens diverging from each other in skin tone, average hight, average health, and facial features, and while such separation is found in birds, monkeys, and other animals, there has never been located a mid-species.
All dogs found so far are still dogs. All cats are still cats. There isn't a single "cog" to be found. No dog has bred into a cat, and no cat has ever bred into a dog.
Others will conveniently point out how most dating methods, such as Carbon-14 dating just happen to stop working after the time period estimated for the world to have existed in the Jewish Torah and Christian/Muslim Bibles.
The problem behind Creationism isn't for lack of scientific backing or number crunching. The problem is this: What do people want to believe.
Many scientists, while signing off that Creationism is backed by hard science, are not willing to sign off that the Creator is the God of the Jews, the God of the Christians, and the Semi-God of the Muslims.
Most of these class of scientists are known as Deists. They believe there is a higher power, but that they either cannot know, or cannot understand the higher power. They collectively, are not comfortable with what they see as "Organized Religion." They'll cite examples from the times of the reign of the Catholic Church and the old England Anglican Church in which science was oppressed. You'll also hear such lines as "Why would a Loving caring God allow this to happen." They'll look at cancer or other diseases, and decide that whatever higher power there is, it can't be the same one that the Jews, Christians, and some Muslims pronounce as being in control.
Another popular class of scientists are those who believe in extra-planar forces. Their theory is that something created the world in which we live, and the universe, but it isn't, or wasn't, a God. It was some external force that we can't comprehend, or simply don't have the technology to understand. These guys are mostly represented out in public by the UFO wack job who claims midnight abductions and crop circles.
Because of the bad reputation that the wack jobs bring those who believe in extra planar forces, most of them aren't exactly in a hurry to spout their theories.
Intelligent Design then, was created as a catch all term. It was supposed to be a banner that all those who rejected anything but a higher power could gather under. It would not matter if you believed in Jesus/Yaweh, another un-named or unknown God, or no God at all.
Evolution, on the other hand, is harder to define and classify.
There are two types of Evolution.
Horizontal Evolution is based in fact. Humans who live in climates closer to the Equator have higher skin pigmentation, and therefor a darker skin color. Humans who live away from the equator have lighter skin colors, almost a pale white. Humans who live kind of in between have a yellow or brownish color overall.
Yes, Blacks from South America, Africa, Indonesia, and Persia.
Whites from Europe.
Asians, from Asia, Japan, and North American Indians.
Horizontal Evolution is also found in other animals. Birds, such as Finches, can have longer beaks than cousins in a different location. Dogs bred near the equator generally have less fur than say, a Husky or a Saint Benard who works the Swiss Alps or Alaska.
The traits of horizontal evolution are marked by a change in what something is capable of doing, rather than what something is.
However, horizontal evolution does not result in a higher form being reached. A dog with a heavy fur coat, while perfect for snow covered wastelands, is going to be miserable in South Central Georgia. A finch with a long thin beak, will find it easy to snatch bugs out of bark on trees. The same finch, when asked to break open a nut or fruit, is going to be quite out of luck.
The same example is found in a shrimp, the Rimicaris exoculata, which has developed an light sensitive organ on it's backside. That was reported by Discover back in 2001. The shrimp did not improve as a whole. It, instead, changed to fit its environment.
Horizontal Evolution is also subject to the laws of physics, specifically the laws of Thermodynamics. David Morgan-Mar had a humorous look at the Three laws of Thermodynamics here http://www.irregularwebcomic.net/431.html
- The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy is conserved. You can't create energy from nothing, nor can you destroy it. Since heat is a form of energy, you're stuck with it, unless you convert it into some other form of energy or move it away. Since you can't get something for nothing: You can't win.
- The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that heat will only flow from a region of higher temperature to one of lower temperature. To move it the other way, you need to supply some extra external energy to do the work. So moving energy in any useful direction that doesn't happen naturally requires you to put in additional energy. You can't even use the First Law and say "the total heat content is equal, so just move the heat from the cold place to the hot place" - it won't happen: You can't break even. However, the efficiency with which you move energy around is related to the temperature. The colder the better. If you could get to absolute zero, you could break even, just. But:
- The Third Law of Thermodynamics states that it's impossible to reach absolute zero. As you make a system approach absolute zero, the process that you are using to cool it down slows down. It sucks smaller and smaller amounts of heat away (and you're using tons of energy to power this über-refrigerator), and you can never suck away that last bit of heat to get it to absolute zero. Since you can't even get to the place where the Second Law lets you do things with 100% efficiency: You can't get out of the game.
Basically, with Horizontal Evolution, there is no net gain on abilities. Dogs that develop heavier coats become poorer suited to warmer environments. Dogs without heavy coats are poor choices for the Iditarod. Finches with long beaks are best suited to hunting bugs. Finches with heavy beaks are best suited to breaking things open. The best that can be hoped for in Horizontal Evolution is to get as close to Law #2 as possible, and attempt to break even.
Horizontal Evolution also accounts for Mutations, be it by strict Genetic means, other Biological Means, by Chemical means, or by Radiation methods. Those fall in under Law #3, you can't get out the game.
The next type of Evolution is based in dreams. That is Vertical Evolution. Now, I personally admire anybody who seriously believes in Vertical Evolution. I really do. I wish I had the faith to believe that I came from nothing. I wish I had to faith to believe that without a fossil record or any living examples of a transient species, that I can from a Monkey. If only my faith were that strong to believe in total manure.
Now, it isn't a question that Vertical Evolution is patently false. Chemist Michael Behe has several books out poking holes in the theory, and there is little reason for me to recover well established ground. http://www.arn.org/authors/behe.html
Going back to the Three Laws of Thermodynamics, Vertical Evolution is in clear violation of Law #1, which is You can't get something for nothing.
Vertical Evolution is also in violation of Law #3, You Can't Get out of the game. Vertical evolution assumes at some point that a higher nexus point has been reached and there is a clear separation between what is and what was.
Vertical Evolution proponents are marked by promoting manure like the Big Bang Theory, telling people that humans descended from Monkeys, and so on. That monkey part greats on my nerves the most. Wouldn't it be "ascended" from Monkeys anyways? Last time I checked a Monkey hadn't created a Space Shuttle or designed something as complex as an Intel Pentium Processor.
So, why do we hear a lot about Vertical Evolution and Horizontal Evolution, and why is Creationism openly mocked by the Mass Media?
I'll try to avoid pointing the political party that by and large runs the Associated Press and Reuters, as well as news outlets like CNN, NBC, and ABC but that actually has a large bearing on the perception in the non-scientists eye about what is going on in the fields of Biology and Chemistry.
The central problem is again, fragmentation. Everybody who believes in Vertical Evolution, BELIEVES in Vertical Evolution. The tenants behind Vertical Evolution don't allow much wiggle room for dissenters.
Vertical Evolutionists also have a distinct advantage in their choice of terminology.
Consider Intel for a second. Intel named processors based off of their Conroe design with the retail label, Core. So, whenever you talk about Multi-Core, Dual-Core, or Multi-Processor systems with Multiple Cores, you say Core. This forms a mental link between Intel and the word Core. Even if you talk about Dual Core Athlon64's, you still say, yeah, Core.
Vertical Evolutions work in the same way, albeit for a much longer time period. Any time a person talks about Horizontal Evolution, they still have to say, Evolution. By using the vocabulary of an established series of scientific facts, the Vertical Evolutionists have an automatic vehicle with which to associate their ideas.
That is why it is so important to clearly define the meaning behind the words.
Creationists, however, are at a disadvantage. Creationists are fragmented, which is almost by their nature. Most Creationists are probably also Conservatives who strongly believe in doing things themselves. They don't depend on a Group to provide support. It is their nature to be independent, and to think independently. Most Creationists will have arrived at their conclusions by crunching the numbers themselves. They will have looked up the archaeological records, themselves. They will have run the Amino Acid calculations... yes, by themselves.
The result is that when it comes to presenting their facts to the public, Creationists don't have a unified front to talk through. Intelligent Design was supposed to be that front, but it went against the very nature of who the Creationists were. Most Creationists also take it for granted that their view is correct. Many just don't see a need to combat the Vertical Evolutionists. To the average Creationist, the Vertical Evolution idea is about as absurd as Drinking your own Urine is healthier than drinking purified water.
It doesn't even merit consideration, much less action. That, by and large, is now considered to have been a mistake by many Creationists. Rather than fighting early and removing the Vertical Evolutionists years ago, the Creationists are now having to fight an idea that has succesfully hijacked established scientific fact.
That is why you probably haven't heard much from the Creationists, but, if you pick up an average college textbook, you'll read a lot of Vertical Evolution-ism.
Okay, so where exactly does Linux fit into the mix of these two scientifically established methods, and the farce.
Linux is a mixture of both Horizontal Evolution and Creationism.
One one hand, as Kroah and Linus state, Linux moves to fill a need. If somebody needs support for a RAID card or for a Multi-Processor system, Linux moves in and fills in the requirement for that product.
However, the movement is not strictly horizontal evolution. A higher power, in this case the coder, the maintainer, or the guy who checks the code into the CVS, makes sure the code does what it is supposed to.
Nor is there a trade off on the development. Just because a RAID Driver was created does not mean that a Sound Driver was removed, which would be the case in a strict enviroment of Horizontal Evolution.
That is also the mark of Creationism. Something was created. Now, the process might be implemented in the method of Horizontal Evolution, and in most cases Open Source development strikes a balance between the two.
But when it comes down to it, you can't escape the fact that Linus himself publishes the kernel everybody uses. Would not that make him the ultimate end point, and thus the originator of the Intelligent Design behind Linux?
So, in the end, Mr. Kroah and Linus are wrong. Linux is both Creationism and Horizontal Evolution.
Trying to pigeonhole the Open Source process in one section or the other just doesn't work. Nature doesn't work that way either.
Supplemental to this post is located here : http://zerias.blogspot.com/2007/03/supplemental-development-of-linux.html<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>běndǐ
［background］ 本底值是指没有进样时检测器的信号值.本底值大小和检测器类型有关.。
由所处环境所形成的较稳定的辐射水平或声量,大于此本底的欲测效应(如放射性强度)使用仪器(如盖革计数器)可以监测
目前暂无留言<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>These are instructor led courses that will introduce delegates to the main concepts of Linux. No previous experience with Linux is required to enrol on one of these courses, however it is best if delegates have some basic computer operating knowledge. Programs will help you to work towards becoming a Linux professional, achieve certification and meet any prospective employers critical IT needs. By the end of the course the users will be able to understand Linux Operating Systems, use front end tools, and fully acknowledge the advantages and disadvantages of Linux.
What is Linux
Linux is powerful, widely used and very successful open-source operating system. It is freely available to download from the Internet, and is suitable for implement and stabilising high-performance, inexpensive servers. It consists of many varieties and is very similar in function to UNIX. Its popularity is partly down to the fact that it is a flexible operating system which allows IT professionals to alter and amend it at will.
Typical subjects taught on a Linux training course
- Basic Installation
- Configuring Devices
- Data Recovery
- Implementing DNS Services
- Linux Administration
- Linux Advanced Shell Programming Tools
- Linux Advanced System Administration
- Linux Directories
- Linux Distribution
- Linux Essentials
- Linux Inception
- Linux Kernel
- Linux Servers
- Linux Shell Programming
- Managing File Services
- Manipulating Streams
- Network Testing
- Security Audits
- Server Installation
- Server Maintenance
- Software Management
- Structuring Commands
- Troubleshooting Linux Network Issues
- Web Services
You will learn how to
- Add and configure the most commonly used Linux applications, tools and programs.
- Perform automated software updates.
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ریکا در آتن علیه هردو طرف درگیری امپریالیستی سازمان داد، و از مردم خواست “غارتگران” را انتخاب نکنند، از اینکه اعتراضاتی در راستای ممانعت از شعله ورشدن آتش جنگ امپریالیستی سازمان داد، علیه کشیدن مداوم و فزاینده یونان به داخل جنگ، علیه استفاده از خاک یونان جهت انتقال سلاح های مرگبار به منطقه درگیری اعتراض کرد، همه ی این ها را از مردم خود پنهان نموده است.
برعکس، حزب کمونیست روسیه تلاش کرد از اعتراضات توده ای ضدجنگ سازماندهی شده از سوی حزب کمونیست یونان، جهت دستکاری بیشتر افکار خلق روس، استفاده نماید. بدینسان، گنادی زیوگانف با انتشار عکس هایی درشبکه های اجتماعی از متینگ حزب کمونیست یونان آن را بمثابه اعتراضاتی در حمایت از به اصطلاح “جهان روس” تفسیر نمود. گذشته از این، در پیام همبستگی حزب کمونیست روسیه با فعالین دستگیر شده حزب کمونیست یونان، که همزمان سرکوب تظاهرات تسالونیک را محکوم می کرد، تلاش شد که مواضع حزب کمونیست یونان را با مواضع حزب کمونیست فدراسیون روسیه در باره “جنگ تمام عیار ناتو علیه روسیه” یکسان جلوه دهد. یعنی مواضعی که تجاوز روسیه به اکراین را توجیه می نماید. این پیام در یکی از روزنامه های بورژوازی کشور ما منتشر شد، که تلاش داشت حزب کمونیست یونان را به داشتن مواضع دوگانه و حامی سرمایه داری روسیه متهم نماید.
با این حال، برگزاری اعتراضات در یونان، یعنی کشوری که در کنار دیوارهای ان پایگاه نظامی، واحدهای نظامی و بنادر، ایستگاه راه آهن، که از طریق ان نیروهای امریکایی-ناتو جابجا می شوند، قرار دارد؛ گویای آن است که کشورما یکی از اعضای طرف درگیری است، یعنی طرف امریکا –ناتو. بدین خاطر است که ما با مطالبه «یونان را به میدان جنگ نکشید»، و خروج از برنامه های جنایتکارانه یوروآتلاتیسم که مردم ما را به گوشت دم توپ تبدیل کرده است، پیش آمده ایم. هیچ کس نمی تواند این اقدامات ما را در جهت حمایت از روسیه سرمایه داری تفسیر کند و ما نیز به همان اندازه آن را محکوم کرده ایم. نظر ما برخلاف حزب کمونیست فدراسیون روسیه و برخی احزاب کمونیست دیگر که روپوش ایدئولوژیکی سیاسی برای برنامه های بورژوازی روسیه پهن کرده اند، می باشد.
حزب کمونیست یونان به چهل حزب کمونیست جهان وسی سازمان کمونیستی ازسراسر جهان می پیوندد
این احزاب با محکوم کردن جنگ امپریالیستی اعلان کردند که رویدادهای اکراین بربستر سرمایه داری انحصاری، مرتبط با پلان های امریکا، ناتو و اتحادیه اروپا رخ داده، دخالت آن ها در منطقه در شرایط رقابت شدید این نیروها با سرمایه داری روسیه می باشد.
این احزاب با کمونیست ها و مردم روسیه و اکراین که خواهان تقویت جبهه ای علیه ناسیونالیسم که خود محصول بورژوازی می باشد، اعلان همبستگی می کنند. این احزاب تاکید می کنند که مردم دو کشور، که روزگاری در صلح و ارامش می زیستند، دستاوردهای بزرگی در چارچوب شوروی داشته اند، به همراه سایر خلق ها از این یا ان امپریالیسم یا پیمانهایی که در راستای منافع انحصارات است، جانبداری نمی کنند.
احزاب فوق خاطرنشان کردند که به نفع طبقه کارگر و اقشار مردم است که به واکاوی رخدادها برپایه معیارهای طبقاتی بپردازند، و مبارزه خود علیه انحصارات، بورژوازی، برای سرنگونی سرمایه داری و پیکار طبقاتی خود علیه جنگ های امپریالیستی، برای سوسیالیسم که بیش از هرزمانی مبرم و ضروری است، تشدید کنند.
***
مقاله فوق در روزنامه RIZOSPASTIS – ارگان کمیته مرکزی حزب کمونیست یونان در ۲۳ آوریل ۲۰۲۲ منتشر شد.
برگردان از متن روسی: اردشیر قلندری
- زیوگانوف گلوبالیزاسیون “بن بست یا خروج؟ -۲۰۰۱
- برنامه حزب کمونیست روسیه https://kprf.ru/party/program
- زیوگانوف برسمیت شناختن جمهوری های مردمی دانباس برای ما بمثابه مساله اصلی https://kprf.ru/party-live/cknews/208757.html
- پوتین، پیام رئیس جمهوری روسیه ۲۱.۰۲.۲۲
http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/67828
خبرها، گزارش ها و ویدئوهای بیشتر را در تلگرام اخبار روز ببیند
در ازای این چهل حزب کمونیست، ایرانی هایی که خود را چپ میخوانند در همید سایت مکررا از راسپوتین و تجاوز روسیه دفاع کرده اند و میگردند در رسانه های دنیا تا یک مقاله پیدا کنند که بگوید نازی ها حکومت اوکراین را میگردانند. بیخود نیست که همین ها چهل و سه سال است از جنایات خمینی و اخوند های شیعه و سپاه پاسداران تروریست پشتیبانی میکنند!
این اقلیتی در چپ است و به این وحشتناکی هم که شما عنوان میکنید از تمامیت حاکمیت شیعه و سپاه پاسداران و آخوندا حمایت نمی کنند ،بهشون کمی شانس بده تا خود را تصحیح کنند.
جناب کیا!
بین ۲ صندلی نشستن به اینجا می انجامد که به جناب حمید پیشنهاد می کنید که به «اقلیتی درچپ» شانسی برای «تصحیح »بدهند.
اگر منظور شما از «تصحیح ، موقعیتی است که آقای حمید و شما در آن قرار دارید ، امیدوارم آن «اقلیت» مورد نظر تا ابد از دیدگاه شما هیچگاه «تصحیح » نشوند.
البته «تصحیح» از نوعی که مورد نظر شماست.وگرنه تمامی انسان های پیشرو و مجهز به تفکر علمی به پروسه انتقاد از خود باور دارند.اما نه به آن مفهومی که مورد نظر شماست.
خانم محترم با اتهام زدنها که بین دو صندلی نشستن نه بین دو صندلی نشسته های واقعی یعنی کسانی که هم از تربه و هم از آخور میخورند ها را نشان نمیگیرید ،بلکه جلوی انتقاد و پیشنهاد سالم را مسدود می کنید.
اینجا یک دشمن واقعی برای ما موجود است و آنهم حاکمیت اسلامیست ، و تلاش در اپوزیسیون برای هم گرایی و کم کردن اختلافات بین دو صندلی نشستن نیست ،شاید مهمترین عمل در حال حاضر باشد.
تعریف راسیسم:
با هر انگیزه ای که انسانها را به دو دسته تقسیم کند، بر حسب نژاد، فرهنک رنگ و…. وبه جان یکدیگر بیندازد ،را راسیسم می دانند.
فقط برای اطلاع و قصد شخصی نیست.
حمید محترم دلتان را خوش نکنید، جنایتکاران غربی بر جنایتکاران شرقی پیروز نخواهند شد.
احزاب بلشویک و دولتهای بلشویکی همه شکست خورده اند اما بسیاری از حقایقی که کشف کردند و بیان نمودند هنوز پا برجاست. این احزاب به این سادگی ها از بین نخواهند رفت چون متکی به آن حقایق هستند. حتی جریانات اسلامی ضد غرب هم به این زودی ها از بین نخواهند رفت. منشاء ضدیت با غرب پایه درستی دارد و آن سرمایه داری و استعمارگری دموکراسی های غرب است. نیروهای متنفر از غرب در آفریقا، آسیا و آمریکای لاتین بسیار زیاد و قوی و اکثرشان مارکسیستهای بلشویکی می باشند .
هر چه در ستایش از دموکراسی گفته شود، با اعمال غربی ها خنثی می شود. در چشم توده های قربانی سرمایه داری و امپریالیست، دموکراسی جهنم است. یونان بهترین مثال است. یونانی ها دیدند که با دموکراسی نمیتوانند از زیر بار سرمایه مالی خلاص شوند و حتی سوسیال دموکرات هم خورد و داغون می شود. این سرنوشت ایران هم هست. دموکراسی خواهی ایرانی یا نوکری برای غرب است و یا توهم. هیچکدام نتیجه نخواهد داد و هر دو در انتها یکی هستند. اگر قرار بود دموکراسی در ایران نتیجه بدهد، کودتای ۲۸ مرداد رخ نمیداد.
تنها انقلاب کارگری- کمونیستی شورائی میتواند بشر را از دست نظام بردگی مزدی رها کند نه دموکراسی خواهی.
تکرار عبرت انگیز تاریخ از انحرافات و خود محوری های حزب کمونیست شوروی در طول سده گذشته که با توسل به تحمیل زورگویانه به دیگر احزاب کمونیست و چپ موجبات انزوا و استیصال و نهایتا شکست اردوگاه را فراهم کرد، با این تفاوت که عنوان پدر سالاری دیگر احزاب برادر را که در آنزمان یدک میکشید از دست داده و امروز از یک پدر خوانده دزد سالار و خود شیفته تبعیت میکند. باز هم میتوان انتظار داشت که روسوفیل های وطنی این بار حزب کمونیست یونان را چپ بریده بخوانند همانطور که قبلا سیریزا ی یونان را که به خاطر حل مشکلات اقتصادی با اتحادیه اروپا همکاری کرد سرزنش کردند.
حتی پیوستن حزب کمونیست یونان به چهل حزب کمونیست وسی سازمان کمونیستی ازسراسر جهان هشداری به گوش ناشنوای رفقا نخواهد بود. شکست اردوگاه موجود آنزمان فقط منتظر زمان بود، اما امروز روسیه پوتین نمیتواند انزوا و انحطاط را با نابودی زیر ساخت های کشور همسایه لاپوشانی کند. حمایت ننگین و نامطبوع از تهدید های اتمی پوتین طبل رسوایی روسوفیل هاست.
بیانیه حزب کمونیست یونان (و هم موضعی با ۴۰ حزب کمونیست دیگر) نشان می دهد که طرفداری از تهاجم نظامی روسیه به اکراین حتی در محدوده افکار شوروی و لنینیسم هم نمی گنجد. احزاب وفادار به شوروی هم ماهیت امروز روسیه و چین را به صراحت امپریالیستی ارزیابی و از همراهی با جنایات وحشتناک روسیه پرهیز می کنند.
مدافعین امروز روسیه فقط روسوفیل هایی هستند که سرطان ضدیت با تمدن و دموکراسی آن ها در مرحله پیشرفته قرار دارد. ناتو، جنایات و تجاوزات امریکا در ویتنام و عراق و افغانستان و غیره برای این جماعت فقط بهانه حمایت از جنایات مافیای پوتین است و بس. هیچگونه سوسیالیسم یا حتی انسانیتی در این افکار وجود ندارد.
حزب کمونیست روسیه گردان های آزوف پوتین است، عین حزب توده برای خمینی!
این چیزهائی که شما میگوئید نژادپرستی ضد روسی است. اگر آن احزاب لنینی واقعی بودند برخلاف سوسیال دموکراتها خائن قدیم، حمله روسیه به اوکراین را محکوم میکردند. کدام تمدن و دموکراسی؟ نمونه ای دارید؟ احتمالا شما هم زلنسکی بایدن هستید.
مطلبت جالب است تا اینجا که حزب توده را با اینکه از ضربات خمینی مصون نماند هنوز حامی خمینی میدانید.
جناب نسیم یادم آمد که در پاسخ یکی از کامنتهای من مدعی بودید چیزی به عنوان امپریالیسم وجود خارجی ندارد حالا اما معلوم شد شما هم به امپریالیسم معتقدید البته فقط به امپریالیسم چین و روسیه!
واضح است که آن کلمه عینا” از بیانیه حزب کمونیست یونان که طرفدار شوروی و لنینیسم است کپی شده و از من نیست.
بنظرم بجای ایراد بی لغوی بهتر است شما فرق امپریالیسم و سرمایه داری را توضیح دهید و بگویید چطور سرمایه داری بدون رقابت آزاد (یکی از دو مشخصه اصلی مارکس) ممکن است، کدام یک از ۴۴ بانک اول جهان که فقط اپل و و مایکروسافت قادر به خرید همه آن ها هستند صنایع را کنترل می کنند و باقی ادعاهای ضد علمی و ضد واقعیات هیلفردینگ!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>به دلیل وضعیت هشدار شیوع كرونا در لرستان؛
ورود توریست به دریاچه گهر تا اطلاع ثانوی ممنوعست
به گزارش سفرگو مدیركل میراث فرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایع دستی لرستان اظهار داشت: لرستان همچنان در وضعیت آگهی شیوع ویروس كرونا قرار دارد و بنا بر این تا اطلاع ثانوی از ورود توریست به دریاچه گهر جلوگیری می شود.
به گزارش سفرگو به نقل از مهر، سید امین قاسمی امروز سه شنبه در سخنانی اظهار داشت: با توجه به این که لرستان همچنان در وضعیت آگهی شیوع ویروس کرونا قرار دارد و بمنظور حفظ سلامتی مردم، تا اطلاع ثانوی از ورود توریست به دریاچه گهر ممانعت می شود.
وی با اشاره به اینکه تمامی ورودی های منتهی به دریاچه گهر مسدود است، گفت: با هماهنگی اداره کل حفاظت محیط زیست استان از ورود گردشگران به دریاچه جلوگیری خواهد شد.
مدیرکل میراث فرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایع دستی لرستان برگزاری هر گونه چادر و کمپ را در کنار دریاچه ممنوع دانست و اضافه کرد: با دفاتر و آژانس های گردشگری که مبادرت به برگزاری تورهای غیر مجاز به دریاچه کنند برابر قانون برخورد جدی خواهد شد.
قاسمی بیان کرد: هر ساله از ۱۵ خرداد تا ۱۵ شهریور علاقه مندان به دریاچه زیبای گهر می توانند از این منطقه بازدید کنند که امسال باتوجه به شیوع ویروس کرونا و قرار گرفتن لرستان در میان استان های در وضعیت آگهی ورود به دریاچه تا اطلاع ثانوی ممنوع شده است.
منبع: سفرگو
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نظرات بینندگان در مورد این مطلب<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Eurovision’a iki kez katılan ve 2016’da SMS oylamasını kazanan Sergey Lazarev Eurovision hakkında konuştu.
2020’de Rusya’yı temsil etmeye hazırlanan Little Big grubu için “ilk beş kesindi” diyen Lazarev, yarışmaya yeniden dönmek için de hazır olduğunu söyledi.
2016’da Avrupa’da büyük etki bıraktık. İnsanlar hala duvara nasıl tırmandığımı konuşuyordu. O yıl yüzlerce oylamada birinciydik ve en sonunda halk oylamasını da kazandık. İnsanlar “Rusya’nın kazanması kesin” dedikçe jüriler baltaladı. Bu kez güçlü bir vokal şovu sunduk ancak jürileri yine etkileyemedik. Eurovision’da farklı olan ve akılda kalıcı olan kazanıyor. Little Big’in halk oylamasında yeri çok iyi olacaktı ama jürilerin Rusya için düşünceleri farklı olduğu için en fazla ilk 5’te yer alabilirdik. Onun haricinde İzlanda ve Litvanya da farklı şarkı ve şovlarla gelmiş, kazanma şansları yüksekti. Eğer ülkem yine benim temsil etmemi istiyorsa ben her zaman hazırım.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>摘要：本文重点分析了标的价格和持有期限对期权价格的影响。若使用Delta和Gamma以及前一时刻的标的价格对下一时刻的期权价格进行估算，在日内交易的水平上，预测精度达到99%。此外可以使用历史时间价值随持有期变化情况来预估时间流逝带来的期权价格减少程度。比如对于距离持有期27天的认购期权，时间价值占合约价值比重在4-5%附近，可以认为在持有至到期时，单纯地因为时间流逝给期权卖方带来的收益为4-5%。
权价格受标的价格、行权价、持有期限、标的价格波动率、无风险利率等因素影响。衡量标的价格、到期期限、波动率、无风险利率对期权价格影响的指标分别有Delta（Gamma）、 Theta、Vega、Rho。前文笔者重点分析了Delta、Gamma、Theta、Vega几个风险指标的含义及变化规律，本文笔者将结合风险指标，着重分析几个因素对期权价格的影响程度如何。
举股票期权实例来说，Delta是指华夏上证50ETF变动1.0元时，上证50ETF期权价格会变动多少。Delta衡量了行权价为K的认购期权（认沽期权）在到期时变为实值的可能性，即该期权有多少概率会被行权。
不同于期货，期权价格随标的是非线性变化的，Gamma的存在则解释了标的价格对期权影响的非线性部分。Gamma是Delta的变化率，体现了华夏上证50ETF变动1%时，Delta变动了多少。
笔者挑选了7月27日的8月份行权价2.7合约，无风险利率取2.5%，波动率取日均隐含波动率（当天认购期权日均波动率为20.07%，认沽期权日均波动率为35.05%），由此计算出在有成交量的分秒时段内（时间间距大致为5秒
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16th that the epidemic in Japan has worsened since mid-November, and the Central Epidemic Response Team has continuously requested the suspension of the “local tourism support” policy, but Kan Yiwei has denied it until the day before yesterday.
The analysis believes that Kan Yiwei’s failure to prevent and control the epidemic may make him another “short-lived” prime minister in Japanese history. Asahi Shimbun quoted officials of the Prime Minister’s Office as saying: “If the policy is not tightened, it may have a significant impact on its regime.” Yoshito Fujiki, a professor of infectious diseases at Showa University, believes that the medical community has already turned on a red light.
Yoshihide Suga Kan has always ignored the warning of the medical community. He has decided to suspend the policy a month late.
South Korea and Japan face another disadvantage
The worsening of the epidemic has also impacted the economies of South Korea and Japan. South Korea’s unwillingness to upgrade to the highest response level is largely due to concerns about further impact on the economy.
Yin Tae-ho, head of the epidemic prevention umbrella group of the Central Emergency Response Headquarters of South Korea, said at a regular press conference on the 16th that the average number of new confirmed cases nationwide last week was about 833, which met the upward standard of level 3 epidemic prevention response.
Given that the Level 3 response is a strong epidemic prevention measure and the last barrier, which will hit the operation of self-employed private owners hard, the government is soliciting opinions from all parties and conducting in-depth research on it.
The Japanese government is also unwilling to suspend the domestic tourism subsidy program for economic reasons. Yasuhiro Nishimura, Japan’s Minister of Economic Regeneration, said on the 16th that the Go To Travel project was suspended on the Cabinet Committee of the House of Representatives: “This is the most effective time to reduce people-to-people contact opportunities, and we will do our best to prevent the spread of the epidemic as soon as possible.” Given the economic blow, Nishimura said it was a “painful choice.” Japan Economic News said that Japan’s economy has recovered from the COVID-19 epidemic slowly, laging behind China and the United States.
Compared with the United States, South Korea and Japan have another disadvantage – it is later to get a vaccine. The United States has started vaccination, but few countries in Asia will get a Western coronavirus vaccine in the coming weeks, Reuters said.
They need to continue the approach of curbing the epidemic for months, imposing travel restrictions, social distancing and wearing masks.
“Why is Japan basically a bystander in the coronavirus vaccine competition?” Japan’s research and development of a coronavirus vaccine lags far behind its global competitors, the Japan Times said. Japanese people are unlikely to have access to domestic vaccines before 2022.
Industry insiders said that this was due to Japan’s failure to effectively integrate pharmaceutical companies and protect relatively small Japanese companies in international competition.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Video oyun üreticilerinin İslam düşmanlığına bir yeni oyun daha eklendi. Amerikalı video oyun üreticisi Victura, “Felluce’de 6 Gün” adlı video oyunu yayımladı.
Amerika’nın Irak’ı işgali sonrasında işgale direnen Felluce’de yüzlerce sivil Amerikan askerleri ve paralı askerler tarafından acımasızca öldürülmüştü.
“Felluce’de 6 Gün” video oyununu yayımlayan Victura daha önce yapılan eleştirilere rağmen, Fellucelilerin bu oyuna bir şey demediğini iddia etti ve Felluce katliamını “Batılı güçlerin 1968 yılından beri en çetin savaşı” olarak tanıttı. Oyun şirketi, kenti işgal ederek yüzlerce sivilin öldürülmesini ise “Batılı güçlerin kahramanlığı” olarak yansıtıyor.
ABD’de Müslümanların hakları için mücadele eden Muslim Advocates kuruluşu, video oyununun dağıtılmaması için Sony, Microsoft ve Valve şirketlerine çağrıda bulundu. Çağrıda, video oyununun İslam ve Arap düşmanlığı ile nefretini yaygınlaştırarak Araplara ve Müslümanlara karşı şiddeti meşrulaştırdığı ifade edildi. Çağrıda ayrıca, Felluce’de sivillerin ölümünün kâr ve kazanca dönüştürülemeyeceğine vurgu yapıldı.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>It’s been months since the Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet was announced as the winner of the 2015 Nobel Peace Prize, but in the intervening weeks they’ve been laureates in name only: Thursday is the day on which the honorees will actually receive the Nobel medal and have a chance to deliver a Nobel lecture.
That date is no coincidence. Ever since the first Nobel prizes were awarded in 1901, they have been conferred on Dec. 10. The first ceremony took place five years to the day after Nobel died, and it has since become what the Nobel Committee calls an “established tradition.”
The date was one of the very few instructions for the prizes that Nobel didn’t specify in his will, as TIME has explained before:
Read more about the history of the Nobel Prize:<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Washington, Apr 22 (ANI): The latest beauty cream that can be added in a woman’s skin care regimen can be found in berries. A new study has found that an antioxidant present in the fruit could help fight skin damage due to ultraviolet (UV) rays.
Using a topical application of the antioxidant ellagic acid, researchers at Hallym University in the Republic of Korea markedly prevented collagen destruction and inflammatory response – major causes of wrinkles – in both human skin cells and the sensitive skin of hairless mice following continuing exposure to UV-B, the sun’s skin-damaging ultraviolet radioactive rays.
Ji-Young Bae, a graduate student in the laboratory of Dr. Young-Hee Kang, presented results of the two-part study on April 21, at the Experimental Biology 2009 meeting in New Orleans. The presentation was part of the scientific program of the American Society for Nutrition.
Ellagic acid is an antioxidant found in numerous fruits, vegetables and nuts, especially raspberries, strawberries, cranberries and pomegranates. Earlier studies have suggested it has a photoprotective effect.
The Kang laboratory found that, in human skin cells, ellagic acid worked to protect against UV damage by blocking production of MMP (matrix metalloproteinase enzymes that break down collagen in damaged skin cells) and by reducing the expression of ICAM (a molecule involved in inflammation).
The scientists then turned to young (four weeks), male, hairless mice – genetically bred types of mice often used in dermatology studies because of the physiological similarities of their skin to that of humans. For eight weeks, the 12 mice were exposed to increasing ultraviolet radiation, such as that found in sunlight, three times a week, beginning at a level sufficient to cause redness or sunburn and increasing to a level that would have definitely caused minor skin damage to human skin.
During these eight weeks, half of the exposed mice were given daily 10 microM topical applications of ellagic acid on their skin surface, even on the days in which they did not receive UV exposure. The other mice, also exposed to UV light, did not receive ellagic acid.
Following the analyses, the mice exposed to UV radiation without the ellagic acid treatment developed wrinkles and thickening of the skin, the researchers found.
Second, as hypothesized, the exposed mice that received topical application of ellagic acid showed reduced wrinkle formation.
Third, as suggested in the study of human cells, the ellagic acid reduced inflammatory response and MMP secretion due to protection from the degradation of collagen. The ellagic acid also helped prevent an increase of epidermal thickness.
The researchers say the results demonstrate that ellagic acid works to prevent wrinkle formation and photo-aging caused by UV destruction of collagen and inflammatory response. (ANI)<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Un nuovo sciopero è stato proclamato dai 177 lavoratori del Coinres, facenti capo all'agenzia interinale temporary. I lavoratori incroceranno le braccia a partire da lunedì.
Alla base dello sciopero ci sarebbe ancora una vlta il mancato pagamento delle spettanze relative al mese di marzo. Al momento non si conoscono altri dettagli ma di certo a pagarne le conseguenze sarà ancora una volta la città . L'ultimo sciopero dei lavoratori del Coinres era stato proclamato circa due settimane fa. In quell'occasione furono incendiati numerosi cassonetti, ma i colpevoli non sono stati individuati.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Reading in Year 3 and 4 (age 7 - 9)
Most children will be really taking off with their reading in these years – reading much more fluently and beginning to tackle longer books with chapters as well as developing their own reading interests and opinions. There are still new skills to learn and reading in the junior years is about developing understanding of what they read and beginning to think about how and why a writer writes.
Reading to learn
Children in the lower juniors read for lots of different purposes across a wide range of different subjects and topics in the classroom. They will be taught how to decide what they need to know and then how to find and use information from a range of sources including dictionaries. They learn to work more confidently in groups and discuss, share and express views and opinions. They’ll probably be comparing what they see on screen and on the page.
Reading and writing skills
When reading and spelling unfamiliar words your child should be able to use what they know about the way words are structured to help them to read aloud and to understand meanings. Teachers will encourage children to write down their ideas using sentences, punctuation and words more adventurously and some schools will send home weekly spellings to be learned.
Your child will be learning to become an independent, fluent and enthusiastic reader and writer, using more varied grammar and vocabulary. Additionally, they will read extracts and whole texts as well as read, rehearse and perform these to improve their ability to speak well in different situations and with/for different people.
Your child will more frequently be choosing their own reading book(s) now, although some children still benefit from levelled books to help them to take steps towards reading longer books and also building their reading confidence. There will still be whole class and group/ guided reading sessions in class too, when the teacher will teach particular aspects of reading and writing. But there is less time for teachers to hear children read individually, so encourage your child to read alone and read with you at home and sometimes, silently.
Assessment and readingTeachers are still assessing all the time, collecting examples of your child’s reading and recording their observations too. Some schools get the children to take end of year practice tests. It's very common for children to assess or mark each other’s work as well as their own as this can be an effective form of learning. You will be kept informed about your child’s progress (through record books and parents' evenings) and if your child is finding reading tricky then extra support is usually provided by the teacher or specialist teacher, in consultation with you. This support is often through small group work and may be in or out of the classroom. Your support and encouragement is hugely important but as ever, if you’re worried then do talk to your child’s teacher.
Reading in Year 5 & 6 ><|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>ÖNEMLİ: Bu makale, bir kişi tarafından çevrilmek yerine, Microsoft makine-çevirisi yazılımı ile çevrilmiştir. Microsoft size hem kişiler tarafından çevrilmiş, hem de makine-çevrisi ile çevrilmiş makaleler sunar. Böylelikle, bilgi bankamızdaki tüm makalelere, kendi dilinizde ulaşmış olursunuz. Bununla birlikte, makine tarafından çevrilmiş makaleler mükemmel değildir. Bir yabancının sizin dilinizde konuşurken yapabileceği hatalar gibi, makale; kelime dağarcığı, söz dizim kuralları veya dil bilgisi açısından yanlışlar içerebilir. Microsoft, içeriğin yanlış çevrimi veya onun müşteri tarafından kullanımından doğan; kusur, hata veya zarardan sorumlu değildir. Microsoft ayrıca makine çevirisi yazılımını sıkça güncellemektedir.
Orijinal İngilizce makaleyi görüntüleyin: 958137
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Bu düzeltme paketinin giderdiği sorunlarBu düzeltme, daha önce bir Microsoft Bilgi Bankası makalesinde belgelenmeyen aşağıdaki sorunları giderir:
- Adres mektup birleştirme alıcı listesine bir ağ paylaşımında bulunan belge Word'de yapılan değişiklikleri kaydettiğinizde, aşağıdaki hata iletisini alırsınız:Bu dosya salt okunur durumdadır.# Hata: 21908 (OfficeQFE)
- Belge şablonu Site sahipleri grubunun üyesi olan bir kullanıcı bir belge düzenleme yaparken, kilitli. Bu nedenle, diğer kullanıcıların düzenleyebilir veya bu belge kitaplığındaki belgeler oluşturun. Hata #: 21911 (OfficeQFE)
- Aşağıdaki senaryoyu ele alın. Salt okunur olarak Microsoft Office SharePoint Server belge kitaplığından bir belge açın. Ardından yazdırmadan önce alanları güncelleştir onay kutusunu seçmek için tıklatın
Word Seçenekleri iletişim kutusunda Görüntü kategorisi. Belgeyi yazdırdığınızda, bu senaryoda, bazı alanlar boş bir sonuç vardır. # Hata: 22341 (OfficeQFE)
- Yayımladığınızda belge PDF dosya biçimi veya XPS dosya biçimi kullanarak 2007 Microsoft Office Eklentisi: Microsoft Save PDF veya XPS eklentisi, aşağıdaki hata iletisini alırsınız:Dışarı aktarma, beklenmeyen bir hata nedeniyle başarısız oldu.# Hata: 22532 (OfficeQFE)
Düzeltme bilgileriMicrosoft, desteklenen bir düzeltmeyi kullanıma sunmuştur. Ancak, bu düzeltmeyi yalnızca bu makalede açıklanan sorunları gidermesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu düzeltmeyi yalnızca bu makalede açıklanan sorunla karşılaşmış olan sistemlere uygulayın. Bu düzeltme, ek test süreci gerektirebilir. Bu nedenle bu sorundan ciddi bir şekilde etkilenmiyorsanız, bu düzeltmeyi içeren bir sonraki yazılım güncelleştirmesini beklemeniz önerilir.
İndirilebilir bir düzeltme varsa, bu Bilgi Bankası makalesinin üst kısmında "Düzeltme İndirilebilir" bölümü bulunur. Bu bölüm görünmüyorsa, düzeltmeyi edinmek üzere Microsoft Müşteri Hizmetleri ve Destek'e başvurun.
Not: Ek sorunlar oluşursa veya sorun giderme gerekiyorsa, ayrı bir hizmet isteği oluşturmanız gerekebilir. Ek destek sorularına ve bu düzeltme için geçerli olmayan sorunlara normal destek ücretleri uygulanır. Microsoft Müşteri Hizmetleri ve Destek bölümünün tam liste telefon numaralarına ulaşmak veya ayrı bir hizmet isteği oluşturmak için aşağıdaki Microsoft Web sitesini ziyaret edin:Not: "Düzeltme indirilebilir” formu, düzeltmenin indirilebildiği dilleri görüntüler. Kendi dilinizi görmüyorsanız, bu dil için bir düzeltme mevcut değil demektir.
ÖnkoşullarBu düzeltmeyi yüklemek için herhangi bir önkoşul bulunmamaktadır.
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Bu düzeltme paketinin genel sürümü, düzeltme paketini yüklemek için Microsoft Windows Installer paketi kullanır. Tarihler ve saatler bu dosyaların Koordinatlı Evrensel Saat'e (UTC) aşağıdaki tabloda listelenir. Dosya bilgilerini görüntülediğinizde tarih yerel saate dönüştürülür. UTC ve yerel saat arasındaki farkı bulmak için Denetim Masası'ndaki Tarih ve saat öğesinde saat dilimi sekmesini kullanın.
İndirme bilgileri
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Makale No: 958137 - Son İnceleme: 1 Nis 2017 - Düzeltme: 1<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Super Rugby: Sunwolves, tanto Giappone e...
Il boss della Sanzar è sicuro che la franchigia nipponica sarà pronta per l'esordio nel torneo.
Un gruppo di 24
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5
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|LC3950 .F37 2010||Unknown|
- Farrell, Michael, 1948-
- Includes bibliographical references (p. -128) and index.
- 1. Introduction 2. Sociological criticisms 3. Rights base criticisms and contested values 4. Postmodern and related criticisms 5. Limitations of the special education knowledge base 6. The unhelpfulness of classification 7. Problems with assessment 8. Negative effects of labelling 9. Professional limitations 10. Lack of distinctive provision 11. The alternative of inclusion as mainstreaming 12. Conclusion.
- (source: Nielsen Book Data)
- Publisher's Summary
- Debating Special Education is a provocative yet timely book examining a range of criticisms made of special education in recent years. Michael Farrell analyses several key debates in special education giving balanced critical responses to inform policy and practice for the future of special education. The book identifies possible limitations to the current special education knowledge base and provision. Michael Farrell examines the value of labelling and classification, and asks if intelligence testing may have detrimental effects; and addresses a number of complex issues such as: how practitioners work within special education; and if, sometimes, professionals may be self-serving whether there is distinctive provision for different types of disabilities and disorders inclusion as mainstreaming offered as an alternative to special education, and the challenges this presents. The author's conclusion is that in responding to these challenges, special education demonstrates its continuing relevance and strength. Presenting a range of international, cross-disciplinary perspectives and debates - which are vital to an understanding of special education today, and written in Farrell's typically accessible style - this book will be relevant for teachers of special children in ordinary and special schools; those on teacher training courses and anyone whose work relates to special education.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
- Publication date
- 9780415567299 (hbk : alk. paper)
- 0415567297 (hbk : alk. paper)
- 9780415567282 (pbk : alk. paper)
- 0415567289 (pbk : alk. paper)
- 9780203852453 (ebook)
- 0203852451 (ebook)
Browse related items
Start at call number:<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>- Bacterial soft rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum), caused by Pectobacterium and Dickeya species, is among the most common and destructive potato diseases in the United States. These pathogens cause a variety of vascular wilts, and in potato cause a disease complex that includes tuber soft rot, blackleg, aerial stem rot, and lenticel rot. The Columbia Basin of Northeastern Oregon and Southwestern Washington is a valuable potato producing region. Two projects were conducted at the Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Center in Hermiston, Oregon, to address knowledge gaps surrounding soft rot of potato.
The distribution and identities of the multiple bacterial pathogens that cause soft rot of potato has not been recently characterized in the Columbia Basin. The first project was conducted to characterize the genetic diversity of soft rot pathogens of potato in the Columbia Basin. In 2018 and 2019, 25 and 120 diseased plant samples, respectively, that exhibited symptoms of soft rot and originated from the Columbia Basin were received and analyzed using diagnostic PCR assays to identify the isolates. Fifty-four soft rot pathogens were detected in 51 of the samples, that included P. carotovorum (61.1%), P. atrosepticum (20.4%), Dickeya species (5.6%), P. parmentieri (9.3%), and P. brasiliense (3.7%). Twenty-eight bacterial isolates were obtained in culture, although no Dickeya spp. were recovered. The identity of these isolates was confirmed through a phylogenetic assessment of dnaX, pelY, and 16s rRNA sequences. We found that in 2018 and 2019, the soft rot pathogens of potato that were present in the Columbia Basin were P. carotovorum, P. atrosepticum, P. brasiliense, and P. parmentieri. We concluded that although Dickeya spp. may be present, Pectobacterium spp. were the dominant pathogens associated with soft rot of potato in the Columbia Basin in 2018 and 2019.
Potato yield loss associated with seed-borne infections of soft rot pathogens has not been recently estimated. The second project was conducted to determine the yield losses associated with seed-borne soft rot infections to determine how potato yields vary as a function of inoculum prevalence in seed potato in Eastern Oregon. In 2018, potato seed of ‘Lamoka’ and ‘Russet Burbank’ cultivars were inoculated with Pectobacterium carotovorum and Dickeya chrysanthemi and in 2019, potato seed of ‘Lamoka’ and ‘Russet Burbank’ cultivars were inoculated with Pectobacterium atrosepticum and Pectobacterium parmentieri. In each year, inoculated and non-inoculated seed potato was mixed to create planting stock with 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30% incidence of soft rot. The resulting 20 treatments (2 cultivars x 2 strains x 5 doses of inoculum) were planted in the field and managed using grower practices typical for the region. Emergence, plant health, and blackleg incidence was monitored throughout the growing season. Potatoes from each plot were harvested, graded, and total yield for each plot was calculated by weight. We observed that an increase of bacterial inoculum in the potato seed lead to lower emergence rates for the ‘Lamoka’ cultivar treatments in 2018. Lower rates of emergence lead to lower yields. We did not observe effects of the treatments in either year on plant health. Based on the results of this study, in Eastern Oregon, a 0- 30% incidence of soft rot bacteria in ‘Russet Burbank’ cultivar potato seed does not contribute to lowered emergence, plant health, or yield. A 5 - 30% incidence of soft rot bacteria in ‘Lamoka’ seed may impact plant emergence and yield.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>EG Group acquisisce Cooplands
EG Group è lieto di annunciare di aver acquisito CS Food Group Holdings Limited ( “Cooplands”), azienda di prodotti da forno. Cooplands possiede e gestisce attività di prodotti da forno di alta qualità nel Regno Unito tra cui tre panifici che elaborano ingredienti e producono alimenti freschi distribuiti attraverso la sua filiera e la sua rete logistica a circa 180 negozi e caffetterie, principalmente nelle regioni del nord-est e dello Yorkshire.
Fondata da Frederick e Alice Coopland nel 1885, Cooplands impiega oltre 1.600 persone ed è la seconda catena di prodotti da forno del Regno Unito.
L'acquisizione accelererà la diversificazione crescente e di successo di EG Group nel settore della ristorazione e aggiungerà risorse altamente complementari che stimoleranno opportunità di sviluppo in altre parti dell'attività aziendale.
La transazione di oggi fornirà una piattaforma per diversificare il marchio Cooplands nel canale dei convenience store e delle stazioni di servizio, assieme ai formati di negozi tradizionali della catena di prodotti da forno, attraverso l'ampia rete di EG Group nel Regno Unito.
L'acquisizione di Cooplands come marchio di proprietà segue l'acquisizione da parte di EG Group di LEON, catena britannica di ristoranti "naturalmente fast food", nel maggio 2021.
Questi due marchi completano l'ampio portafoglio del marchio di servizi di ristorazione di EG Group, che include celebri marchi di terzi come Starbucks, KFC e Subway.
EG Group prevede di fare investimenti nel marchio Cooplands e nell'offerta di alimenti freschi, per continuare a garantire la soddisfazione dei clienti esistenti e attrarrne di nuovi.
Zuber e Mohsin Issa, fondatori e co-CEO di EG Group, hanno dichiarato “Siamo entusiasti di accogliere molti talentuosi colleghi di Cooplands nella famiglia di EG Group. Cooplands vanta una comprovata esperienza nel settore dei prodotti da forno freschi, e l'integrazione verticale con EG Group contribuirà a guidare ulteriormente il nostro successo nelle attività di ristorazione, dove continuiamo a vedere forti opportunità di crescita nel Regno Unito e nel mondo.
“Dopo l'acquisizione di LEON a maggio, Cooplands è un altro fantastico marchio di alimenti freschi da aggiungere al portafoglio esistente dei marchi di servizi di ristorazione di terzi di EG Group.
“La transazione amplierà la portata di Cooplands oltre le aree chiave settentrionali del marchio e porterà i suoi apprezzatissimi prodotti alimentari a un maggior numero di clienti nuovi e già attivi attraverso l'impareggiabile rete di stazioni di servizio e convenience store di EG Group. Sappiamo che l'impressionante piattaforma di prodotti da forno di Cooplands e la nostra esperienza nel settore della ristorazione saranno una combinazione vincente".
Belinda Youngs, CEO di Cooplands, ha dichiarato: “Cooplands è orgogliosa di entrare a far parte di EG Group e di offrire all'azienda la nostra lunga storia di capacità e competenz nel settore della panificazione, sia per quel che riguarda la produzione sia per la vendita al dettaglio. Vediamo all'orizzonte un grande futuro per il marchio Cooplands".<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>ماه میلادی آینده مصادف با پنجاهمین سالگرد خارج شدن استان اوکیناوا در جنوب ژاپن از سلطه آمریکا و بازگشت آن به ژاپن سال ها پس از پایان یافتن جنگ جهانی دوم است.
شامگاه پنجشنبه به وقت محلی، مردم در سواحل استان های اوکیناوا و کاگوشیما که مقابل یکدیگر قرار دارند با برگزاری مجدد یک آئین قدیمی به منظور دعا و نیایش برای بازگشت اوکیناوا به ژاپن، آتش برپا کردند.
روز پنجشنبه مصادف بود با هفتادمین سالگرد اجرایی شدن معاهده صلح سانفرانسیسکو که به موجب آن، حق حاکمیت ژاپن از اشغال نیروهای متفقین به رهبری آمریکا به آن کشور بازگردانده شد. اما در آن زمان، اوکیناوا همچنان تحت کنترل آمریکا باقی ماند.
روز پنجشنبه، در روستای «کونیگامی» در شمالی ترین نقطه جزیره اصلی اوکیناوا و همچنین در جزیره «یورون» در جنوبی ترین بخش استان کاگوشیما این آتش ها برپا گردید.
یکی از بازدید کنندگان از این مراسم که مردی در دهه ۷۰ سالگی از روستای «کونیگامی» بود گفت قبل از آن که اوکیناوا به ژاپن بازگردانده شود، در این رویداد شرکت کرده بود. او گفت این شعله های آتش بیانگر دعاهای او برای یک آینده شاد برای فرزندان و نوادگانش است.
او افزود امیدوار است که بتواند نسبت به مشقتی که نسل او تحت سلطه آمریکا متحمل شد، به نسل های آینده اطلاع رسانی کند.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>foto C.Sechi
Ingredienti:
3 rotoli di pasta sfoglia
1/2 litro di panna da montare
5 cucchiai di zucchero
3 tuorli
un cucchiaio di farina
2 cucchiai di marmellata di arance amare
il succo di un'arancia
zucchero a velo q.b.
Stendi i dischi di pasta sfoglia sulla leccarda ricoperta da un po' di cartaforno, bucherellali con la forchetta, spolverali di zucchero a velo e inforna col forno già caldo a 200° per circa 10-15 minuti, togli dal forno e fai raffreddare.
Metti in una bastardella a bagnomaria i tuorli e lo zucchero, amalgama fino a farli diventare spumosi, aggiungi la farina, amalgama, aggiungi la marmellata e il succo dell'arancia e sempre mescolando con la frusta , cuoci a bagnomaria fino ad ottenere una crema della giusta consistenza, travasala in un'altra bastardella, coprila con la pellicola trasparente e falla raffreddare.
Appena la crema sarà raffreddata monta la panna, aggiungici la crema e mescola delicatamente.
Metti il primo disco di pasta sfoglia su un piatto di portata, all'interno di un anello per dolci, aggiungi la farcia, poggia
il secondo disco, aggiungi la farcia e termina con l'ultimo disco, infine spolvera con lo zucchero a velo e lascia la torta in frigo per qualche ora.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>As published at CounterCurrents, Unz Review, Intrepid Report and LewRockwell, 7/15/16:
A hundred-and-fifty-one years after the abolition of slavery, America has a half white, half black president, a black Nobelist in literature, whites who attribute not just every form but instance of black dysfunction to white racism, blacks who demand reparations, the mainstreaming of innumerable black slang terms, including “diss,” a new phrase “negro fatigue” and the bumper sticker, “IF I HAD KNOWN THIS, I’D HAVE PICKED MY OWN COTTON.”
It has often been stated that slavery is America’s original sin. In 1751, Benjamin Franklin ruminated on its cons and pros:
The Labour of Slaves can never be so cheap here as the Labour of working Men is in Britain. Any one may compute it. Interest of Money is in the Colonies from 6 to 10 per Cent. Slaves one with another cost 30 £. Sterling per Head. Reckon then the Interest of the first Purchase of a Slave, the Insurance or Risque on his Life, his Cloathing and Diet, Expences in his Sickness and Loss of Time, Loss by his Neglect of Business (Neglect is natural to the Man who is not to be benefited by his own Care or Diligence), Expence of a Driver to keep him at Work, and his Pilfering from Time to Time, almost every Slave being by Nature a Thief, and compare the whole Amount with the Wages of a Manufacturer of Iron or Wool in England, you will see that Labour is much cheaper there than it ever can be by Negroes here. Why then will Americans purchase Slaves? Because Slaves may be kept as long as a Man pleases, or has Occasion for their Labour; while hired Men are continually leaving their Master (often in the midst of his Business,) and setting up for themselves.
There are also these drawbacks:
The Negroes brought into the English Sugar Islands, have greatly diminish’d the Whites there; the Poor are by this Means depriv’d of Employment, while a few Families acquire vast Estates; which they spend on Foreign Luxuries, and educating their Children in the Habit of those Luxuries; the same Income is needed for the Support of one that might have maintain’d 100. The Whites who have Slaves, not labouring, are enfeebled, and therefore not so generally prolific; the Slaves being work’d too hard, and ill fed, their Constitutions are broken, and the Deaths among them are more than the Births; so that a continual Supply is needed from Africa. The Northern Colonies having few Slaves increase in Whites. Slaves also pejorate the Families that use them; the white Children become proud, disgusted with Labour, and being educated in Idleness, are rendered unfit to get a Living by Industry.
Still, it was worth it, and that’s why Franklin kept several slaves himself. In 1759, however, he joined Thomas Bray’s association to support schools for black children, and in 1787, Franklin became president of the Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery and the Relief of Free Negroes Unlawfully Held in Bondage. Franklin died, then, with the hope that blacks would one day be free and equal to whites.
After blacks were freed, they had to compete with poor whites and white immigrants for work. Illiterate, ignorant and dependent after centuries of slavery, American blacks were even worse off than blacks from the West Indies. In Ethnic America, Thomas Sowell explains:
Unlike slaves in the United States, who were issued food rations and were often fed from the common kitchen, West Indian slaves were assigned land and time to raise their own food. They sold surplus food in the market to buy amenities for themselves. In short, West Indian Negroes had centuries of experience in taking care of themselves in a significant part of their lives, even under slavery, as well as experience with buying and selling. Contemporary observers noted that the slaves in the West Indies worked perceptibly more energetically on their plots of ground than on the land they worked for slave owners. They had the kind of incentives and experience common in a market economy but denied American slaves for two centuries.
In 1873, James Shepherd Pike of the New York Tribune wrote an influential series of articles that was later turned into a book, The Prostrate State: South Carolina under Negro Government. While pointing out that the black man “showed great magnanimity and forbearance in not cutting the throats of the masters’ families when he was emancipated,” Pike painted black-run South Carolina as “the most ignorant democracy that mankind ever saw”:
It is barbarism overwhelming civilization by physical force. It is the slave rioting in the halls of his master, and putting that master under his feet.
The question is often asked if education is not the remedy for the blackness of darkness that prevails in South Carolina. Yes, indeed, if that were possible […] here is a race to be educated in the very elements of manhood. They have to be taught positively and negatively […] They have to be taught not to lie, not to steal, not to be unchaste […] Education, to be what it ought to be with the existing race of negroes in the South, means to educate them out of themselves, means to undo the habits and practices and modes of thoughts and want of thought engendered by centuries of slavery.
In 1888, Walt Whitman didn’t sound any more optimistic:
The nigger, like
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and fame.
That he was a force to be reckoned with in his work came in part from Pluto in the 6th house, fired up by his emotional ego in getting the bigger picture, as suggested by the Pluto/Moon square in his chart. Sure, he didn’t have the formal education the academics demanded of someone who had so much to say about ancient Greek civilisations, but his heart – the Moon – was in the right place, in Gemini in the 9th house ruled by Jupiter with its ever expanding horizons and knowledge based on first-hand experience rather than theory. At the Age Point/Moon conjunction in 1872, he experienced everything his heart desired.
His achievement-oriented expansiveness – Jupiter in Aries – was constantly kept in check by the great teacher, Saturn who is conjunct Jupiter. This is reflected both in his financial adventures, the details of which he preferred to handle himself, as well as in his archaeological adventures which were constantly questioned by the more learned. And as Schliemann was a self-educated man, it took some time before qualified Archaeologists and Historians gave him credit for his discoveries.
There is a wide gap spanning the 9th, 10th and 11th houses in Schliemann’s chart and indeed, from 1872 onwards his centre was exposed to many attacks. His excavations began before archaeology had developed as a professional field and he opened himself up to unending criticism for almost two decades, which included the AP opposing the four planets around the IC. Not only were his activities often interfered with or even stopped by Turkish and Greek authorities. Academics in Archaeology and History also questioned his methods. Had he not destroyed other proof with his unconventional approach? Was the ‘palace’ he discovered really that of Priam in Troy? Were the gold objects he showed in his many books not made by a local jeweller and passed off as genuine articles?
Schliemann published his findings in 1874, in ‘Trojan Antiquities’, but this publicity backfired when the Turkish government revoked his permission to dig and sued him for a share of the gold. These objections did not stop him as both his Jupiter and Saturn are fired up by his Sun, but he had to fight hard, and had many setbacks, to be considered an authority in his area,
His many writings – 11 books in total, published from 1867 to 1885 – were also criticised by scholars in Greece, Germany and Great Britain. Their sledge-hammer attacks used disparaging words, such as ‘untrained’, ‘false and fraudulent’ and called him a ‘pretender’ and ‘an enthusiast, rather than a scholar.’ There were also years of court cases because of his removal of gold treasures from Troy, not to keep for himself, but to give to Greece.
Only when his AP in 1887 had reached Mars at the end of the 11th house, was his centre less exposed to constant assaults on his thinking, his methods of excavation and his qualifications. He now felt less of an outsider and finally received the recognition he wanted, particularly from like-minded people in Great Britain, doing his Mars proud.
After his final diggings which ended 1890, Schlieman developed a chronic ear infection which was operated on in France, but would become fatally inflamed. This did not stop his travels: he went to Leipzig, Berlin, and Paris. Too sick to make the boat ride from Naples to Greece, he managed to make a journey to the ruins of Pompeii. But his strong cardinal drive could take him no further. He died in Naples in 1890 when he was 68. His dream to excavate Knossos evanesced with his Being.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>FALLUJA – Un soldato iracheno porta sulle spalle un civile ferito dai miliziani dell’Isis. L’uomo porta il ferito sulle spalle e viene colpito da alcuni colpi di pistola sparati dall’altra parte della strada. Il soldato viene colpito alla gamba e cade a terra. I due vengono poi salvati da altri soldati che usano un carro armato come scudo. Il video pubblicato su LiveLeak e su YouTube, è stato diffuso sul web domenica scorsa. Oggi ne parla il Daily Mail.
A Falluja, circa 80mila persone sono fuggite dalla città irachena. Le famiglie fuggite da quando è cominciata nel mese scorso l’offensiva dell’esercito iracheno per riprendersi la città, sono in tutto circa 10mila.
Secondo le Nazioni Unite, decine di operatori umanitari stanno cercando di fornire acqua, cibo e riparo per fermare l’esodo dai campi umanitari che sorgono nelle zone liberate, gestiti dal governo e da gruppi iracheni indipendenti.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>作者：William Suberg 翻译：Maya
反洗钱金融行动特别工作组(FATF)，一个政府间金融安全机构，要求英国加强对加密货币的监管。根据12月7日发布的一份新报告，该国需要采取更多措施来防止洗钱并打击恐怖主义融资(CFT)。
作为对英国反洗钱和CFT工作的专项“互评”的一部分，FATF指出了将报告可疑活动的机制作为“重大改革”的必要性。
此外，某些经济领域—特别是房地产经纪人和高价值经销商—在面对利用加密货币实施的洗钱行为时，并没有充分“理解其中的风险”，也不了解“如何有效的缓解这种风险”。
“虚拟货币兑换提供商还没有满足反洗钱/打击恐怖主义融资的要求，” 报告指出，并补充称：
“这是一种新的风险，并且还没有证据表明英国正在这个相对较小的领域内进行大规模的反洗钱/ 打击恐怖主义融资行动。”
目前，英国对本国内加密货币行业的各个方面的监管态度正在发生变化。
该国的一系列举措收到了褒贬不一的评论，一些政党上个月发出警告称，诸如比特币期货的某些金融工具最终可能会在新规则下被列入黑名单。
FATF承认当局已经“确定并评估了与新支付方法相关的风险”，并且他们现在“正在制定法规，将AML / CFT要求扩展到该领域”。
根据其“建议采取的行动”，该机构敦促英国“制定计划，将AML / CFT要求和相关监管扩展到虚拟货币兑换提供商”。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Wednesday 27th January 2021
Home Learning Wednesday 27th January 2021
Activity 6- making playdough characters
Watch the three little pigs to remind you of the story. Can you make a little pig family from play dough?
Activity 7 – making a house for the pig
Can you build a model of a house that you think would stay standing when the big bad wolf huffed and puffed? You could try blowing it with a hair dryer to test it out!
Activity 8 - Wolves
Watch this video all about wolves. Questions to ask: What do you think of the character of the wolf in the story? Is he a good or bad character? How does he make you feel? Did you enjoy the facts about wolves? Would you like a pet wolf or pig and why?
1. Draw a picture of the wolf in the story.
2. Complete some of the activities attached to the tapestry observation entitled activity 8 wolves.
3. Watch and sing along to this.
4. Listen to Mrs Fox tell a different version of the Three little pigs.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>مرثیه ای برای خلیج گرگان؛
ادامه روند کاهش تراز آب در دو دریاچه بسته ایران در سال 1400
به گزارش لیمو بلاگ مدیر آبنگاری و امور جزر و مدی سازمان نقشه برداری کشور ضمن اشاره به روند کاهش تراز آب در دریاچه ارومیه و دریای خزر، اظهار داشت: در صورتیکه این روند کاهشی در دریای خزر ادامه یابد، احتمال خشک شدن خلیج گرگان وجود دارد که در این صورت داستانی همانند دریاچه ارومیه در حوضه خزر رخ خواهد داد.
دکتر علی سلطانپور در گفتگو با ایسنا، با اشاره به اینکه تراز آب دریاچه های آزاد با دریاچه های بسته همچون ارومیه و خزر متفاوت می باشد، اضافه کرد: در آب های آزاد تغییرات پریودیک (کم و زیاد شدن حجم آب) کم و در حدود ۲ میلی متر است که این امر به علت بالا آمدگی آب است که ناشی از گرمایش زمین و ذوب شدن یخ های قطبی است.
وی افزود: ولی دریاچه هایی که به آب های آزاد متصل نیستند، تحت تأثیر تغییر اقلیم محلی قرار دارند؛ ازاین رو اگر بارش در حوضه آبریز آنها کم شود و همینطور بنا به دلایلی چون خشکسالی و برداشت بی رویه آب، ورود آب به آنها به صورت مصنوعی کم شود، تحت تأثیر قرار می گیرند که نمونه بزرگ آن دریاچه های ارومیه و خزر است.
سلطانپور با اشاره به اینکه کاهش تراز آب در دریای خزر همانند دریاچه ارومیه وجود دارد، تصریح کرد: از آنجاییکه دریای خزر دارای حجم آب زیادی است، کاهش تراز آب به چشم نمی آید، ولی در دریاچه ارومیه از آنجاییکه عمق و حجم آب کم است، کاهش تراز آب و خشک شدن آن قابل مشاهده می باشد.
مدیر آبنگاری و امور جزر و مدی سازمان نقشه برداری کشور تغییرات تراز دریاچه ارومیه را به دلایلی چون تغییرات اقلیم، کاهش بارندگی ها و در کنار مداخلات انسانی عنوان نمود و افزود: اگر به تاریخ تراز دریاچه ارومیه دقت کنیم، در دهه ۷۰ شمسی تراز دریاچه ارومیه افزایش زیادی داشته، به صورتی که در سال ۷۴ تراز دریاچه به عدد ۱۲۷۸.۵ متر رسید و در این سال آنقدر تراز آب افزایش داشت که زیر ساخت های ساحلی تهدید شد و خط راه آهنی که از نزدیکی دریاچه ارومیه عبور می کند، به زیر آب رفت و نگرانی هایی از افزایش تراز آب در این حوضه آبریز بوجود آمد.
وی با اشاره به اینکه از انتهای دهه ۷۰ همراه با کاهش بارش و کم شدن آب ورودی به دریاچه و سیاست گذاری برای کشاورزی در منطقه و حجم زیادی کارهای کشاورزی که در اطراف دریاچه ارومیه انجام شد، در طول ۳ سال یک متر از تراز آب دریاچه ارومیه کم شد و از سال ۷۷ این روند تشدید شد، تصریح کرد: تراز آب دریاچه در تابستان سال ۸۱ به عدد ۱۲۷۴ متر رسید و این کاهش ادامه می یابد و در ۵ سال بعد ۷۰ سانتی متر دیگر از تراز آب دریاچه کاسته می شود و در سال ۸۶ تراز آب به ۱۲۷۳.۳۰ متر می رسد.
به قول وی تاریخچه تراز آب دریاچه ارومیه به این شرح است:
سال تراز آب دریاچه ارومیه به متر ۷۴ ۱۲۷۸.۵ ۸۱ ۱۲۷۴ ۸۶ ۱۲۷۳.۳ ۸۷ ۱۲۷۲.۳ ۹۷ ۱۲۷۲ ۹۹ ۱۲۷۱.۹ ۱۴۰۰ ۱۲۷۱ سلطانپور تصریح کرد: داده های ماهواره ای جیسون ۳ نشان داده است که تراز دریا در سال ۱۴۰۰ همچنان رو به کاهش است، بگونه ای که در ۳ ماهه اول سالجاری نسبت به ۳ ماهه اول سال ۹۹ حدود ۳۰ سانتی متر کاهش در تراز دریاچه ارومیه داریم که این امر بسیار نگران کننده است. علاوه بر آن در داده های تابستان و دو ماه اول پاییز سالجاری هم کاهش تراز ۳۰ تا ۳۵ سانتی متری را در این حوضه نسبت به زمان مشابه پارسال شاهدیم.
وی با ابراز امیدواری از این که این دریاچه تبدیل به دریاچه مرده نشود، اظهار داشت: بخشی از این وضعیت ناشی از تغییر اقلیم است، ضمن آنکه ایران کشوری کم بارش است و این کمبود بارش طبیعی است، ولی استفاده های بی رویه ای که از آب می شود، در بعضی مواقع برگشت ناپذیر است. نمونه آن برداشت بی رویه آب از سفره های زیر زمینی است. برداشتی که از این مخازن آب زیر زمینی می شود، بگونه ای است که حتی بارش باشد، مخزن ظرفیت اولیه خویش را از دست داده و به صورت اولیه پر آب نخواهد شد.
سلطانپور تصریح کرد: آبی که از جایی برداشت می شود، باید به اندازه آبی باشد که وارد می شود و در چنین شرایطی است که پایداری اکوسیستم برقرار خواهد ماند و زمانی که برداشت بیشتر از ورودی آب باشد، پایداری اکوسیستم از دست می رود.
وی ضمن اشاره به اقدامات ستاد احیای دریاچه ارومیه با تکیه بر این که این ستاد موفق به تغییر شیوه آبیاری در این منطقه شده است، اظهار داشت: این ستاد علاوه بر تغییر الگوهای کشت، سیستم آبیاری غرقابی را به آبیاری قطره ای تغییر داده است، ولی در برداشت آبی که در گذشته داشته ایم، اثرات دراز مدتی دارد و در بلند مدت می توانیم این اکوسیستم را به وضعیت اولیه باز گردانیم.
تکرار بحران ارومیه در خزر
مدیر آبنگاری و امور جزر و مدی سازمان نقشه برداری کشور با تکیه بر این که در دریای خزر از ۱۶ سال قبل هم روند کاهشی تراز آب حاکم است، تصریح کرد: ۸۰ درصد آب دریای خزر از راه رود ولگا تأمین می شود و زمانی که ورودی آب خزر کاسته می شود تزار آب خزر هم روند کاهشی می یابد. در سالهای اخیر گفته شده است که کاهش بارندگی در ولگا باعث کاهش تراز آب خزر شده است، ولی احتمال می رود برداشت آب در شمال خزر در کاهش تراز آب خزر موثر بوده است.
سلطانپور افزود: مطالعات ما در سالهای ۹۹ و ۱۴۰۰ نشان داده است که حدود ۲۵ سانتی متر دیگر از تراز آب خزر کاسته شده است. این کاهش تراز آب در خزر را میتوان در پسروی ساحل مشاهده کرد.
وی ضمن اشاره به فعال بودن حمل و نقل دریایی در خزر، اظهار نمود: با کاهش تراز آب ظرفیت بنادر از دست خواهد رفت و احتیاج به لایروبی های بیشتری است و در نتیجه هزینه های بیشتری به بنادر تحمیل می کند.
سلطانپور افزود: علاوه بر آن خلیج گرگان هم متاثر از این شرایط است؛ چون که این خلیج با باریکه ای به دریای خزر متصل می شود و اگر تراز آب خزر روند کاهشی یابد، خشک شدن این خلیج را به همراه دارد.
به قول وی با خشک شدن این خلیج داستانی همانند دریاچه ارومیه در حوضه خزر رخ خواهد داد.
منبع: لیمو بلاگ
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preparare il terreno per l'orto, questi tre nutrienti sono i nutrienti di base di cui tutte le piante hanno bisogno. Sono anche conosciuti insieme come NPK e sono i numeri che vedi su un sacchetto di fertilizzante (ad esempio 10-10-10). Sebbene il materiale organico fornisca questi nutrienti, potrebbe essere necessario regolarli individualmente a seconda del terreno individuale. Questo può essere fatto con fertilizzanti chimici o organicamente.
- Per aggiungere azoto, utilizzare un fertilizzante chimico con un primo numero più alto (ad esempio 10-2-2) o un emendamento organico come letame o impianti di fissazione dell'azoto.
- Per aggiungere fosforo, utilizzare un fertilizzante chimico con un secondo numero elevato (ad esempio 2-10-2) o un emendamento organico come farina di ossa o fosfato di roccia.
- Per aggiungere potassio, utilizzare un fertilizzante chimico con un numero elevato di lastre (es. 2-2-10) o un emendamento organico come cloruro di potassio, cenere di legno o sabbia verde.
Traccia i nutrienti - Anche le verdure hanno bisogno di un'ampia varietà di oligoelementi e sostanze nutritive per crescere bene. Questi includono:
- Boro
- Rame
- Ferro da stiro
- Cloruro
- Manganese
- Calcio
- Molibdeno
- Zinco
PH del terreno per le verdure
Mentre i requisiti esatti di pH per le verdure variano leggermente, in generale, il terreno in un orto dovrebbe essere da qualche parte a 6 e 7. Se il terreno del tuo orto risulta significativamente al di sopra di questo, dovrai abbassare il pH del terreno. Se il terreno del tuo orto risulta significativamente inferiore a 6, dovrai aumentare il pH del terreno del tuo orto.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>這次報告的論文出自於UIST 2007，是由微軟、adobe及華盛頓大學所合作的一篇論文。
對現在人們來說，WWW是一個很大的資訊來源，使用者可以透過網路作旅遊計畫、購物、學習新事物或者是看電視等等，但是資訊內容極多，使用者有時候要找到適當的資訊會變的越來越難，所以他們的研究是提出一個互動式介面來幫助使用者更方便更容易的去收集、管理、組織及分享他們的資料。
對於此研究，他們提出了三個技術，分別是：
1. an interaction technique：允許使用者去規劃網站之間的關係並且使用這些關係自動地從多個網站收集內容。
2. an interface：此介面是為了合併來自數個網站的內容並且以視覺化來呈現它們，此介面稱為card.
3.a novel search paradigm：利用 search template 來從網路收集內容。
以上三種技術是會建立在summaries framework[1]上面。
最後他們也請了學生來實際操作，大部分都覺得是一個不錯的系統，不過也同時針對relation、card及search template作了一些反映。
[1]M. Dontcheva, S.M. Drucker, G.Wade, D. Salesin, and M. F. Cohen. Summarizing personalWeb browsing sessions. In Proc. of UIST, pp. 115–124, 2006.
此為這次的報告投影片<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Structurae is a database for works of structural and civil engineering, but also contains many other works of importance or interest of the fields of architecture and public works. This site is mostly concerned with the structural aspects of the works documented here and the technical aspects of their construction and design. At the same time we do take into account the social, historic and architectural context.
The structures are chosen based on the interest they pose for the profession of the structural or civil engineer, but since that profession did not exist before the 18th century, many historic structures included here are firstly known for their architectural merits.
Thus this site offers you the most interesting constructions throughout history and of our time, but also more typical structures from around the world. But the interest is not only on the results of the construction process, but also on the actors involved — engineers, builders, architects, companies, ...
Structurae wants to be a resource that serves the beginning of your search, but is most likely not going to be the end of it. You will not always find everything you are looking for, but we attempt to point you to more and more places and sources of information where you may be able to find what you are looking for.
Structurae was created in 1998 by Nicolas Janberg, structural and bridge engineer by training and profession, out of a "gallery of structures" he built for the course "Structures and the Urban Environment" (CIV 262) taught at Princeton University and for which he was a teaching assistant at the time. After continuing work on the site initially as a hobby while working as a bridge engineer, he made a job out of it in 2002.
What does "Structurae" mean?
It's the plural of "structura", a Latin word which translates as:
- construction, building (action or method of building)
- construction, building (result of that action)
- structure, organization
- arrangement, order (of words in a sentence)
Source: Latin French Dictionary
What are works of structural engineering?
Works of structural engineering are load-bearing structures, such as buildings, bridges, walls, dams, tunnels, towers and many other types. Their design and construction usually requires the expertise of a bridge, civil or structural engineer.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>گیل خبر/
گزارش روز شنبه روابط عمومی استانداری گیلان حاکیست، حمیدرضا جانباز در نشست بررسی وضعیت پروژه های آب و فاضلاب شهری و روستایی گیلان افزود: با بهره برداری از این طرح حدود سه هزار لیتر در ثانیه به ظرفیت تصفیه خانه سنگر اضافه می شود.
وی اضافه کرد: تعداد زیادی از شهرها و روستاهای استان که در حال حاضر با کمبود آب شرب مواجه اند، با اجرای این طرح از منابع آبی مطلوبی بهره مند خواهند شد.
وی همچنین گفت: عملیات تکمیل رینگ های آبرسانی در شهر رشت و سایر نقاط استان متناسب با افزایش ظرفیت تصفیه خانه آغاز می شود.
به گفته جانباز، برای ساماندهی فاضلاب شهرستان رشت بر اساس زمان بندی اعلام شده نیازمند ۶۰ میلیارد تومان اعتبار هستیم تا در هفته دولت سال آینده و در صورت تحقق بودجه، زودتر از زمان پیش بینی شده به بهره برداری برسد.
وی به نگاه ویژه وزارت نیرو به پروژه های آب و فاضلاب اشاره کرد و گفت: اولویت اجرای پروژه های فاضلاب به شهرهای شمالی و چند شهر گیلان داده شد و به لحاظ اجرای پروژه های زیست محیطی گیلان از سایر استان ها جلوتر است.
ارسلان زارع استاندار گیلان هم در سخنانی گفت: از مهمترین نگرانی و مطالبات به حق مردم مناطق مختلف گیلان به ویژه در حاشیه شهرها تامین آب شرب است.
وی به تلاش های صورت گرفته در حوزه آب و فاضلاب گیلان از آغاز فعالیت دولت تدبیر و امید اشاره کرد و افزود: امیدواریم با تلاشی مضاعف در زمان باقی مانده تا پایان دولت دوازدهم به میانگین کشوری دست پیدا کنیم و انتظارات مردم برآورده شود.
وی با تاکید بر لزوم نظارت بر بهداشتی بودن آب مصرفی شهروندان و توسعه شبکه توزیع آب، خاطرنشان کرد: تسریع در روند اجرای پروژه های نیمه تمام حوزه آب استان موجب بهبود کیفیت و همچنین توزیع مناسب آب در مناطق مختلف استان می شود.
استاندار گیلان اولویت بندی در اجرای پروژه های آبی و اتمام پروژه های نیمه تمام را یک ضرورت خواند و در خصوص برطرف کردن مشکل تنش آبی گفت: با توجه به اینکه صرفاً برای شهر رشت نیازمند بیش از ۵۰ میلیارد تومان هستیم، انتظار می رود شاهد افزایش میزان اعتبار پیش بینی شده باشیم.
وی افزود: دستیابی به میانگین شاخص کشوری بهره مندی آب روستایی در گیلان تا پایان دولت مورد انتظار است.
ایرنا<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Norveç Leopard 2A8 tanklarını almayı reddetti
Norveç 18 adet alımından vazgeçmeye karar verdi tanklar Alman yapımı Leopard 2A8, bunun yerine hava savunmasına ve uzun menzilli topçu yeteneklerine yatırım yapmayı tercih ediyor. Norveç Ordusu Genelkurmay Başkanı Lars Lervik Breaking Defense'e şunları söyledi:
2A8'i almayı reddetmesine rağmen Lervik, daha önce sipariş edilen 54 2A7NO MBT'nin, Oslo'nun NATO gereksinimlerine uygun ve ulusal savaş zamanı planlarına uygun ağır mekanize bir tugayı sahaya sürmesine olanak sağlamak için yeterli olacağına inanıyor. Leopard 2A7NO'nun teslimatlarının 2027 ortalarında tamamlanması bekleniyor.
Ayrıca, kıtadaki ülkelerin Ukrayna'ya yapılan teslimatlar nedeniyle ciddi şekilde tükenen stokları yeniden inşa etmek için çabaladığı Avrupa'daki mühimmat kıtlığı kriziyle ilgili endişelerini de dile getirdi. Ona göre, mermilerin dengesinin yenilenmesi için gereken süre belirsizliğini koruyor; Bu sorun hızlı bir şekilde çözülmeyecektir. Aynı zamanda ülkenin yetkilileri, kendi ordularının mühimmat cephaneliğini Ukrayna Silahlı Kuvvetlerine devretmek için daha da azaltma olasılığını da araştırıyor.
Lervik'in açıkladığı gibi, 930'de Ukrayna'ya askeri yardım için 2022 milyon avro harcamanın yanı sıra Oslo, Ukrayna Silahlı Kuvvetlerine yardım etmek için 1,3-2023 döneminde yıllık 2027 milyar avroluk tahsisi içeren çok yıllı bir program başlattı (toplam) 6,5 milyar euro).
- yayın diyor.
Norveç'in öncelikli planları arasında kendi savaş ihtiyaçları için hava savunmasının satın alınması yer alıyor dronlar ve uzun menzilli topçu sistemleri. Lervik'in beklediği gibi, 2023'ün sonundan önce fon tahsis edilmesi durumunda, Güney Kore'den K9 kundağı motorlu silahların ve K10 TZM'nin satın alınmasına karar verilmesi mümkün.
Abone olun ve en son haberler ve günün en önemli olaylarından haberdar olun.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>استفاده از فناوری های جدید در مدارس باعث افزایش بهره وری در یادگیری و کاهش زمان آموزش می شود و در نهایت با ورود تبلت به مدارس، دانش آموزان ایرانی اسلامی با این تکنولوژی به مدرن ترین ابزارهای آموزشی دنیا نزدیک می شوند
موضوع ورود “تبلت های دانش آموزی” به مدارس چند روز پیش از سوی رییس مرکز آمار و فناوری اطلاعات آموزش و پرورش مطرح و استفاده از فناوری تبلت به صورت پایلوت در چند مدرسه نمونه شهر تهران مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
استفاده از مدرن ترین تکنولوژی های روز دنیا در مدارس کشورمان نشان خواهد داد که آموزش و پرورش به تمامی ابعاد آموزش در مدارس توجه ویژه دارد تا دانش آموزان ایرانی نیز از آخرین فناوری های روز و روش های یاددهی استفاده کنند.
در این باره مرکز آمار و فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات وزارت آموزش و پرورش که چند سالی از تاسیس آن در وزارت آموزش و پرورش می گذرد طرح های بسیاری را جهت ورود فناوری و تکنولوژی به مدارس اجرایی کرده است و طرح ورود تبلت به مدارس نیز یکی دیگر از جمله طرح های این مرکز است.
تاریخچه استفاده از فناوری اطلاعات در امر آموزش
گزارش های مختلف بانک جهانی و سازمان ملل متحد هر دو به نقش موثر فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات در پشتیبانی از روند توسعه اذعان دارند.
گزارش بانک جهانی در سال ۲۰۰۳ نشان می دهد که فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات با کمک به دولت ها در ارائه خدمات بهتر و به اشتراک گذاری دانش در سطح جامعه، از پتانسیل بالایی برای بهبود وضعیت اقشار ضعیف جامعه برخوردار است.
سازمان ملل نیز در بیانیه سال ۲۰۰۵ خود، پتانسیل قوی فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات را در بسط عدالت آموزشی، ریشه کن کردن بی سوادی و ارائه آموزش عمومی مقدماتی در کشورهای در حال توسعه خاطر نشان می کند.
تاثیر توسعه فناوری اطلاعات در آموزش و پرورش کشورها
بدون شک استفاده از فناوری در فرایند یاددهی-یادگیری برای دانش آموزان تاثیرات بسزایی را خواهد داشت زیرا تکنولوژی به خودی خود ایجاد انگیزه و امکان استفاده از فناوری و محتوای آموزشی را فراهم می کند.
بررسی های انجام شده نشان می دهد که بکارگیری موثر فناوری اطلاعات در نظام آموزش عمومی، در کاهش شکاف دیجیتالی موجود در داخل جامعه نقش ویژه ای دارد؛ به عنوان مثال گزارش OECD در سال ۲۰۰۵ نشان می دهد که سابقه اقتصادی و معیشتی دانش آموزان رابطه محکمی با میزان دسترسی آن ها به رایانه در منازل دارد.
به عبارتی دسترسی به رایانه در منازل برای دانش آموزان فقیرتر بسیار کمتر از دانش آموزان متمول امکان پذیر بوده است. بنابراین فراهم آوردن امکان دسترسی به رایانه در مدارس، خصوصاً در مناطق محروم، در حذف این تمایزات و کمک به توسعه عادلانه و پایدار کشورها نقش ویژه ای دارد.
کاهش ۵۰ درصدی زمان آموزش با ابزارهای الکترونیکی
گفته می شود استفاده از ابزار الکترونیکی برای ارائه یک مطلب درسی می تواند زمان آموزش را تا ۵۰ درصد زمان مورد نیاز در شیوه آموزش سنتی کاهش دهد. از این رو بهره گیری از فناوری های اطلاعاتی و ارتباطی در امر آموزش، منجر به صرفه جویی در وقت، صرفه جویی در خرید ابزارهای مصرفی و مواردی از این دست و به تبع آن حذف بسیاری از هزینه های مستقیم و غیر مستقیم خواهد شد.
این جریان در نهایت با تسریع و تعمیق فرایند یادگیری نقش ویژه ای در افزایش نرخ بازگشت سرمایه انسانی ایفا می نماید. بطور خلاصه می توان بکارگیری به روز و به هنگام فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات در آموزش و پرورش کشورها را از چند جنبه شایان توجه دانست:
نخست: فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات امکان ارائه گسترده خدمات آموزشی را در جامعه فراهم می کند.
دوم: فناوری اطلاعات با ارتقای کیفیت خدمات آموزشی، قدرت درک و عمق یادگیری دانش آموزان را افزایش می دهد.
سوم: آشنایی با فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات دانش آموزان را برای ورود به جامعه اطلاعاتی قرن بیست و یکم آماده می سازد.
چهارم: فناوری اطلاعات با رونق بخشیدن به عرصه تبادل دانش و نوآوری، نقش موثری در رشد اقتصاد دانش بنیان کشورها ایفا می کند.
پنجم: برای رقابت در صنعت پر رونق فناوری اطلاعات در دنیا، برخورداری از دانش ICT به عنوان یکی از مهارت های موثر در بازار کار تلقی می شود.
فناوری تبلت
در حال حاضر تبلت (و تبلت – پی سی) به عنوان یکی از جدیدترین و جذاب ترین فناوری های اطلاعاتی با سرعت شگفت انگیزی جای خود را در عرصه وسایل چندرسانه ای دیجیتال باز کرده است. مدل های متنوع، سادگی و جذابیت استفاده (بویژه برای نسل نوجوان) و کاربردهای مختلف، این ابزار را در ردیف پرفروش ترین ابزارهای فناوری قرار داده است.
در بسیاری کشورها، استقبال روز افزون استفاده از کتابخوان های الکترونیکی، رونق بازار فناوری ICT و رکود بازار چاپ کاغذی را به دنبال داشته است.
یوسف نوری رییس مرکز آمار و فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات وزارت آموزش و پرورش درباره طرح ورود تبلت مدارس می گوید: «در راستای اجرای طرح هوشمندسازی مدارس، طرح تبلت آماده و در جلساتی که با حضور مسئولان آموزش و پرورش شهر تهران برگزار شده، اجرای آزمایشی این طرح در مدارس تهران مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است .»
وی در همین باره می افزاید: «برای اجرای این طرح از کارشناسان حوزه دانشگاهی و آموزش و پرورش و همچنین معلمان حوزه هوشمندسازی مدارس کمک خواهیم گرفت و چنانچه نظرات مساعد باشد، اولین فاز طرح ورود “تبلت”به مدارس شهر تهران به صورت پایلوت اجرایی میشود. »
نوری همچنین موضوع آزمایشی بودن طرح ورود تبلت به شهر تهران را اعلام و می گوید: «این طرح کاملا آزمایشی اجرا میشود تا بازخوردهای آن را بررسی شود، چرا که نتایج جهانی این طرح را احصا کردهایم، اما برای اجرای طرح در گستره بیشتر و تعمیم به همه مدارس، نیازمند اجرای آزمایشی آن در مدارس هستیم. »
بارزترین مزیت استفاده از تبلت ها عبارت است از:
– حذف آلودگی صدا و حرارت
– حجم و وزن کم و قابلیت جابجایی بالا
– انرژی مصرفی اندک (در مقایسه با سایر رایانه ها)
– صرفه جویی در هزینه های خرید کتاب و کاغذ (در بلند مدت)
– مناسب بودن برای مطالعه کتاب، تماشای فیلم، گردش در اینترنت و استفاده از محتواهای الکترونیکی
– مناسب بودن برای یادداشت برداری و ثبت نکات
در عین حال استفاده از تبلت با چالش هایی از قبیل تغییرات سریع تکنولوژی و نیز ضعف نسبی پردازش در مقایسه با رایانه های رومیزی و لب تاپ ها رو به روست. با این همه اقبال گسترده به استفاده از این تکنولوژی، اهمیت توجه به آن و استفاده از فرصت پدید آمده را در همه عرصه ها به خصوص عرصه تعلیم و تربیت دو چندان می کند.
طرح OLPC؛ یک لب تاپ برای هر کودک (One Laptop Per Child)
برنامه OLPC یا طرح «یک لب تاپ برای هر دانش آموز» از سال ۲۰۰۸ میلادی با حمایت بانک جهانی آغاز شده است. پایلوت این طرح با هدف تسهیل و تسریع امر آموزش در کشورهای در حال توسعه
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撤除水垢：
1、在瓶里放些纸屑，而后倒进温盐水，微微晃一下子，水垢即可除净。
2、可倒入浓度为1%的小苏打水500克摆布，或将食醋加热装入瓶内，微微摇涮，水垢即可除掉。
3、把两个鸡蛋壳略微弄碎，装进瓶中，再装入半茶缸凉水，堵上瓶塞并用一只手按住，大拇指和其余手指握住瓶口颈部，另一只手托住瓶底，高低摆布扭转摇晃。约20秒种，取下瓶塞，倒出蛋壳，再用净水涮洗两遍即可。
4、用醋250克，烧热后注意灌输热水瓶内，浸泡几小时，再高低、摆布摇晃，瓶内水垢就会零落。
5、取200克稀盐酸放瓶内浸泡一下子后，再摇动就能肃清瓶内的水垢。
6、用煮面条的水倒入瓶内，摇晃几分钟后倒掉，再用净水冲刷即可清洁。
7、取一些朝阳叶或南瓜叶切成3厘米至4厘米见方巨细的碎片，放入瓶内，再到场少量冷水，微微将暖水瓶摇晃几下，倒出后再用净水洗净即可。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The seismic wave
returned to a receiver
from a seismic source after reflection
according to Snell's Law
at a discontinuity
where there is a contrast in acoustic impedance
Basically, this usually means putting a steel plate on the ground, and hitting it with a sledgehammer. The resulting seismic wave is reflected back to a receiver nearby (usually in front of the plate) and the results interpreted. Different rocks reflect seismic waves in different ways: some let them through entirely, others reflect them partially.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Al fine di ottenere con successo una qualifica Masters, è necessario ottenere un numero di crediti passando singoli moduli. La maggior parte insegnato in Master avranno un numero di moduli di base che è necessario sostenere e superare al fine di ottenere la qualifica. La valutazione del Masters di ricerca è quasi sempre interamente da un singolo modulo dissertazione o un progetto.
Campo di studi interessante e peculiare, economia e amministrazione comprende sia lo studio dell'economia su vasta scala sia quello dei comportamenti individuali all'interno di tale economia. Una conoscenza approfondita dell'economia, più la formazione in tema di business, finanza e politiche pubbliche, garantisce agli esperti molte opportunità di carriera nell'assistenza a organizazzioni sia del settore pubblico sia di quello privato.
La Nuova Zelanda è uno stato insulare nel sud-ovest dell'Oceano Pacifico. Il paese geograficamente comprende due principali masse - quella del Nord e del Sud Isole - e numerose isole minori. Gli studenti stranieri devono avere un visto per studenti e di un livello ragionevole di soldi da spendere per intraprendere un corso di studi presso un nuovo istituto scolastico basato Zelanda. Nuova Zelanda istituzioni scolastiche potranno informare le autorità competenti in materia di immigrazione, se uno studente smette di frequentare i loro corsi di iscritti, che possono quindi sospendere o annullare tale studente 's visto. Gli istituti di istruzione spesso anche Exchange Questa iscrizione e frequenza elettronicamente dati con altre agenzie governative incaricate di fornire assistenza agli studenti.
Le migliori Lauree di secondo livello in Economia e amministrazione in Nuova Zelanda 2017
Questo riconosciuto a livello internazionale master vi preparerà a lanciare una carriera professionale in materia di contabilità, dopo soli 14 mesi di studio. Inizia il tuo percorso accademico per diventare oggi un Dottore Commercialista. [+]
Il Master of Management è un programma di master di corsi di laurea di 15 mesi finalizzato a fornire le competenze e le reti pratiche per sostenere la sua entrata con successo in una gestione aziendale orientato carriera con le PMI fino alle grandi aziende. [+]
Il Master of Accounting Professional è un programma di master corsi di 18 mesi progettato per preparare i laureati per una carriera in contabilità. Potrete acquisire conoscenze e competenze nel business [+]
Sei interessato a come vengono prese le decisioni nel mondo degli affari e politica pubblica? Vuoi un toolbox economico che è possibile utilizzare per affrontare i problemi 'mondo reale'? corso di laurea di Victoria in Economia professionale apre nuovi orizzonti, ed è stato sviluppato in collaborazione con i datori di lavoro e gli economisti che portano a fornire gli individui abili in grado di impegnarsi in una rigorosa analisi economica. Essa risponde specificamente per una reale domanda di economisti professionisti qualificati. [+]
Victoria University ha sviluppato un programma che prevede un Master in Accounting Professional (MPA) - il primo grado tale da offrire in Nuova Zelanda. E 'aperto a laureati con una laurea in qualsiasi disciplina, e questa qualifica fornirà l'opportunità di perseguire l'adesione sia la Nuova Zelanda e gli organismi contabili internazionali. [+]
Il programma di Finanza Applicata presso Victoria (precedentemente noto come VIAF) resta l'unico specialista post-laurea applicato offerta finanza in Nuova Zelanda. Più di un semplice Masters di conversione, il programma ha un nucleo di finanza dedicata insieme ad una serie di elettivi che si sviluppano piena capacità operativa in carriera piena di soddisfazioni, ma esigente della finanza internazionale. [+]
[+]
Banche e Banking Business è un programma di master formando un complesso di conoscenze teoriche e competenze pratiche nel settore bancario a qualsiasi livello di gestione della banca nelle banche statali e commerciali. [+]
Programma di gestione finanziaria è un profilo di master che unisce lo studio delle basi teoriche della finanza aziendale e della gestione finanziaria con lo sviluppo simultaneo di discipline finanziarie applicate. [+]
Il Master di Finanza Applicata (MAF) è stato progettato per coloro che hanno completato una laurea in qualsiasi campo di studio e che desiderano ottenere una qualifica post-laurea in finanza.Il programma [+]
Maestro di Finanza Applicata (MAF)
Il Master di Finanza Applicata (MAF) è stato progettato per coloro che hanno completato una laurea in qualsiasi campo di studio e che desiderano ottenere una qualifica post-laurea in finanza. Il programma si prepara per un ruolo professionale nel settore dei servizi finanziari. Potrete acquisire le conoscenze avanzate, abilità e competenze per formare una solida base per il processo decisionale finanziario. Potrai applicare le teorie apprese e le competenze di modellazione finanziaria per condurre analisi finanziaria nella pratica professionale.
Offre un'opportunità entusiasmante e gratificante al finanziamento degli studi per chi ha già una laurea. Esso contribuirà a migliorare le opportunità di carriera e prospettive occupazionali.... [-]
La Business School offre AUT Auckland 's solo corso-master di lavoro per coloro che intendono esercitare o avanzare una carriera contabile, ma può avere una laurea in argomento diverso.La qualifica [+]
Master of Accounting Professional
La Business School offre AUT Auckland 's solo corso-master di lavoro per coloro che intendono esercitare o avanzare una carriera contabile, ma può avere una laurea in argomento diverso.
La qualificazione apre la strada alla registrazione con gli organi dirigenti contabili professionali: CPA (Australia), NZICA (New Zealand Institute of Chartered Accountants) e CIMA (Chartered Institute of Management Accountants). Questo è il grado unico nel suo genere in Auckland.
Quello che dovete sapere:Maestro AUT 's di Accounting Professional soddisfa i requisiti accademici per l'adesione con: CPA (Australia) NZICA (New Zealand Institute of Chartered Accountants) CIMA (Chartered Institute of Management Accountants) Fornisce la possibilità di cambiare carriera per diventare un ragioniere E 'a disposizione di laureati con una laurea in qualsiasi disciplina - anche non-business gradi È tenuto da studiosi di spicco in un ambiente interattivo per massimizzare l'apprendimento 2 anni a tempo pieno, part-time disponibili È necessario completare tutti i documenti. Crediti Croce non sono disponibili per questa qualifica ... [-]<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Edited By: Walter L Goldfrank
Integrating environmental and world-systems analyses in chapters ranging from the ancient to the contemporary, from the global to the local, from West to East, and from North to South, this book is the first collection to analyze environmental issues from the world-systems perspective. The introduction provides Immanuel Wallerstein's fullest explication of the role of ecological constraints in the world-system. Early chapters diagnose the increasing environmental threats to global sustainability and suggest ways to arrive at an integrated theoretical understanding of those threats. The work then shows the historical and geographical range necessary to do justice to ecological considerations in chapters considering ancient civilizations, capitalism, the circumpolar North, the dam-builders of Asia, and the polluters of East Central Europe. The final chapters analyze the successes and limits of environmental movements in the United States, South Africa, and South Korea.
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Wildlife, science and conservation since 1985<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The Recorder Part 2- Parts of the Recorder and functions.
My first post on Instruments of the Orchestra began with the Recorder. I deliberately chose the Recorder as the start of the series because it is often the first instrument that young children learn to play and is their first experience of music. It may be considered painful for the parent/grandparent as the child learns, but as discussed, the range of other skills developed by learning an instrument is priceless.
In the previous post, I recommended some exercises that you as the parent and then you and your child could do to assist in the learning of the Recorder. I hope you found these helpful tips.
Today I would like to explore the instrument itself- its parts and what they do and how you and your child can maintain the instrument.
First lesson to teach your child is that the recorder is an instrument- it is not a toy and should be treated with care and respect. This care and respect is shown by how they maintain their instrument and of course how they play it.
Second tip: listen yourself to some Recorder Music and come to appreciate the intricacies involved. Then, introduce some of these pieces of music to your child to listen to with you. Discuss them. Hearing works for the instrument by the major composers will help your child understand that it stands as equal to any other instrument.
RECORDER PARTS AND FUNCTION.
There are 4 key areas to the instrument when we look at it from the front view:
2. Sound chamber
3. Tone Holes
The mouthpiece is the area in which a performer places his/her lips to blow into the instrument. As I talked about in the previous post, how a person blows and which the intensity of the breath, can affect the sound that is heard and made.
Clarinet or Saxophone and of course the recorder are known as single-reed instruments. The mouthpiece is that part to which the reed is attached. The function of the mouthpiece is to provide an opening through which air enters the instrument and one end of an air chamber to be set into vibration by the interaction between the air stream and the reed.
At the mouthpiece, there is a wooden block known as a fipple, whose function is to direct the air.
The mouthpiece naturally gets damp because of the saliva in the mouth. It is necessary as a maintenance issue for the performer to undo the recorder into 2 pieces. (below the sound chamber) to let the recorder dry out after use. A brush is recommended as well but allowing the instrument to dry out after use is essential in the maintenance of the instrument.
Today, high-quality recorders are made from a range of hardwoods. Plastic recorders are produced in large quantities. Plastics are cheaper and require less maintenance and quality plastic recorders can be as good as lower-end wooden instruments. Plastic recorders can be sterilised by soaking in a mild disinfectant, which may be desirable if they are shared between classes. Beginners' instruments, the sort usually found in children's ensembles, are plastic and can be purchased quite cheaply.
Although plastic recorders have the advantage of being cheaper and are potentially more hygienic than wooden ones, and therefore are often favoured by parents and students, it should not be forgotten the fact that the recorder is a category of wooden instrument and despite their distinct advantages for the beginner, a good quality instrument always has the potential to produce a good quality sound.
2. Sound Chamber:
As the name suggests, this is the space for the sound. The sound goes down through the sound chamber down the instrument to vibrate. The sound comes from a vibrating column of air inside the tube. The player makes this column of air vibrate by blowing across it using the mouthpiece.
In normal play, the player blows into the mouthpiece, a narrow channel in the head joint, which directs a stream of air across a gap called the window, at a sharp edge called the labium ( or a sound chamber). The air stream alternately travels above and below the labium, exciting standing waves in the bore of the recorder, and producing sound waves that emanate away from the window. Feedback from the resonance of the tube regulates the pitch of the sound.
The player changes pitch by opening and closing holes along the instrument's length. The shorter the tube the higher the sound and the longer the tube, the lower the sound. This means then that when all the tone holes are covered, the sound will be lower in pitch than if only one finger covered it. The tone holes are therefore the place to produce pitch which is done by covering the tone holes.
At this point in the discussion, I refer you back to my previous post where I mentioned an exercise to help with co-ordination of fingers. This is one of the challenges for a younger child whilst learning the recorder. This challenge of co-ordination is also met at the same time when for most youngster, learn notation. So there is a double challenge. The more both of these topics can be dealt with separately first, the better outcome for the student. Marrying the two concepts becomes easier.
The other aspect of playing that needs to be made here is that a recorder squeaks in sound for 2 reasons= either (a) it is blown too hard) or (b) the tone holes are leaking-this means that the fingers are not covering the holes adequately. The squeak is caused for either of these reasons or in some extreme cases can be for both reasons. Younger children tend to blow too hard and because they lack coordination sufficient for the instrument tend not to cover the tone holes appropriately.
As in any woodwind instrument there is a bell. The bell is the final stage for the vibrating column of air to reach. The bell provides extra resonance and is the exit point for sound to emerge and be resonant.
At the back view of the recorder there is the bottom lip plate used for the player’s comfort and the thumb hole where the thumb is placed and used in combination with the other fingers to produce pitch.
When your child is learning, it is good to call the parts of the instrument by its correct name and to explain to the child its function. It is also very valuable to teach them in a very basic way the concept of air waves so that they have a visual understanding at least of what happens when they play their instrument.
Next week: the 4 key steps to getting a good tone from the recorder.
In the meantime, you may wish to listen to these recordings using the Recorder.
Recorder Sonata By G. F. Handel.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Doğada Su
Su Nasıl Oluşur?
Doğada su akarsulara dökülen atıklarla kirlense ve okyanuslarda tuzlu su haline gelse de, buharlaşıp atmosfere karıştığında yine temizleniyor ve tatlı suya dönüşüyor. Ancak yağmur suyu dahi kimyasal yönden saf değildir. Havadaki gazlar ve özellikle yoğun nüfuslu yerlerde kömürle birlikte açığa çıkan sülfirik asidi de bünyesine almaktadır. Doğada mutlak saf su yoktur ve sudaki tüm yabancı kimyasalların arındırılması labaratuvarlar için dahi zorlu bir işlemdir.
Doğada sular, kaynaklarına göre klasik olarak 4 sınıfta incelenir:
1. Meteor suları (yağmur ve kar suları): Mevcut sular içinde en saf olanıdır, bununla beraber havada bulunan bütün gazları içerdiği gibi, bazı anorganik ve organik maddeler de bulunabilir.
2. Yeraltı ve kaynak suları: Bulunduğu ve geçtiği toprak tabakalarını çözmesi sonucunda, tabakaların cinsine göre, çözünmüş maddeleri içerir.
3. Yeryüzü suları (nehir, göl, baraj ve deniz suları): Yüzeylerinin açık olması sebebiyle özellikle organik yapıdaki yabancı maddeleri almaya yatkındır. Buna karşılık hava ile temas halinde olduğundan karbonat sertliği azdır.
4. Maden (mineral) suları: Doğal sulara oranla çözünmüş madde miktarı belirli bir sınırı aşmış
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ology' To Darwin. (2009, Eylül 16). Alındığı Tarih: 18 Temmuz 2019. Alındığı Yer: Episcopal Church
- J. Wynne-Jones. Charles Darwin To Receive Apology From The Church Of England For Rejecting Evolution. (2008, Eylül 13). Alındığı Tarih: 18 Temmuz 2019. Alındığı Yer: The Telegraph
- J. Petre. Church Makes ‘Ludicrous’ Apology To Charles Darwin - 126 Years After His Death. (2008, Eylül 13). Alındığı Tarih: 18 Temmuz 2019. Alındığı Yer: DailyMail
Evrim Ağacı'na her ay sadece 1 kahve ısmarlayarak destek olmak ister misiniz?
Şu iki siteden birini kullanarak şimdi destek olabilirsiniz:
kreosus.com/evrimagaci | patreon.com/evrimagaci
Çıktı Bilgisi: Bu sayfa, Evrim Ağacı yazdırma aracı kullanılarak 20/09/2019 15:53:37 tarihinde oluşturulmuştur. Evrim Ağacı'ndaki içeriklerin tamamı, birden fazla editör tarafından, durmaksızın elden geçirilmekte, güncellenmekte ve geliştirilmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu çıktının alındığı tarihten sonra yapılan güncellemeleri görmek ve bu içeriğin en güncel halini okumak için lütfen şu adrese gidiniz: https://evrimagaci.org/s/1645
İçerik Kullanım İzinleri: Evrim Ağacı'ndaki yazılı içerikler orijinallerine hiçbir şekilde dokunulmadığı müddetçe izin alınmaksızın paylaşılabilir, kopyalanabilir, yapıştırılabilir, çoğaltılabilir, basılabilir, dağıtılabilir, yayılabilir, alıntılanabilir. Ancak bu içeriklerin hiçbiri izin alınmaksızın değiştirilemez ve değiştirilmiş halleri Evrim Ağacı'na aitmiş gibi sunulamaz. Benzer şekilde, içeriklerin hiçbiri, söz konusu içeriğin açıkça belirtilmiş yazarlarından ve Evrim Ağacı'ndan başkasına aitmiş gibi sunulamaz. Bu sayfa izin alınmaksızın düzenlenemez, Evrim Ağacı logosu, yazar/editör bilgileri ve içeriğin diğer kısımları izin alınmaksızın değiştirilemez veya kaldırılamaz.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Bu makalede, öğrenci escort hizmetlerinin ne olduğu ve nasıl alınabileceği konuları ele alınmaktadır.
Öğrenci Escort Hizmetleri Nedir?
Öğrenci escort hizmetleri, öğrencilerin ek gelir elde etmek için eskortluk yapması anlamına gelir ve genellikle üniversite öğrencileri arasında yaygındır. Bu hizmet, öğrencilere finansal destek sağlama ve harcamalarını karşılama imkanı sunar. Öğrenciler, öğrenci escort olarak çalışarak, zamanlarını ve yeteneklerini kullanarak para kazanabilirler.
Öğrenci escort hizmetleri, genellikle güvenilir eskort ajansları aracılığıyla sunulur. Bu ajanslar, öğrencilerin taleplerini karşılamak için çeşitli öğrenci eskortlarla çalışır. Öğrenciler, bu ajanslarla iletişime geçerek taleplerini belirtebilir ve kendilerine uygun bir öğrenci eskort seçebilirler.
Öğrenci escort hizmetleri, öğrencilerin ihtiyaçlarına ve tercihlerine göre farklı şekillerde sunulabilir. Öğrenciler, belirli bir süre veya belirli bir etkinlik için eskortluk yapabilirler. Bu hizmet, öğrencilere esnek bir çalışma programı ve ek gelir imkanı sunar.
Öğrenci Escort Hizmetleri Nasıl Alınır?
Öğrenci escort hizmetleri almak için öncelikle güvenilir bir eskort ajansıyla iletişime geçmeniz gerekmektedir. Bu ajanslar, öğrencilerin ek gelir elde etmek için eskortluk yapmalarına yardımcı olan profesyonel kuruluşlardır. İnternet üzerinden araştırma yaparak veya tanıdıklarınızın önerilerine göre bir ajans seçebilirsiniz.
İletişime geçtiğinizde, taleplerinizi açık bir şekilde belirtmelisiniz. Hangi tür hizmetlerden yararlanmak istediğinizi ve tercih ettiğiniz öğrenci eskortun özelliklerini dile getirmelisiniz. Bu şekilde ajans size daha uygun bir öğrenci eskort önerebilir.
Ajansın size önerdiği öğrenci eskortlar arasından seçim yaparken dikkatli olmalısınız. Kendinizi rahat hissedeceğiniz, uyumlu bir öğrenci eskort seçmek önemlidir. Ajansın size sunduğu profilleri inceleyebilir, öğrenci eskortunuzun fotoğraflarını ve açıklamalarını gözden geçirebilirsiniz. Bu şekilde size en uygun olanı seçebilirsiniz.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Raising prices on plastic bags may not be the answer to solving HK’s single-use plastic woes.
Photo: Hong Kong Street Garbage by Wilson Hui.
The Hong Kong government is considering increasing the price of single-use plastic bags but environmental experts say there may be better ways to cut the use of plastic in the city.
The government may consider adjusting upwards the plastic bag fee of HK$0.50, according to Secretary for the Environment KS Wong.
The Environmental Levy Scheme on Plastic Shopping Bags was put in place in July 2009. It first impacted about 3,000 retailers, including supermarkets, convenience stores, and medicare and cosmetic stores. In 2015 it was expanded to all retail outlets.
Mr Wong says the scheme has helped reduce the number of plastic bags distributed by 50 percent.
Despite this success, there are environmental advocates who argue that the government and corporations should take a different approach to single-use plastics.
For one, the cost of plastic bags should be much higher than it is, said Ms Vicki Wong, Senior Public Affairs Officer at Greeners Actions.
“We think that it should be $2 or more… at least,” Wong said.
But there are limits to the benefits of an increase. Even if LegCo approved an increase to $1 per bag, the increase would not become effective until the following year and by that point the price would be too low to even account for inflation.
She encouraged people to make a habit of bringing reusable bags to supermarkets and avoid the plastic bag charge.
But other approaches may be more effective at dealing with single-use plastics.
Dr Robert Hanson of environmental group CO2 Feeds the World claims this is the “wrong way” to approach the waste issue. He says the government is putting the onus on consumers to pay for plastic bags when the responsibility should fall on manufacturers, corporations, and the government to create an environment that makes it easier to avoid single-use plastics.
There are many products that are packaged in an unnecessary amount of plastic, Dr Hanson said. Requiring the producer to cut down on plastic packaging would be far more productive to the overall goal of reducing waste.
“Getting the focus on this plastic bag charge takes the focus away from real policies that are needed to actually manage sources more efficiently.”
Even with the progress that has been made, Ms Wong admits that Greeners Action has little confidence that the government will take the necessary action to raise the plastic bag levy and implement other measures to reduce single-use plastics in Hong Kong.
“They are quite slow and not efficient on the discussion of the [levy]… Will it happen next year? We will keep our eyes on that.”
Printer: R&R Publishing Limited, Suite 705, 7F, Cheong K. Building, 84-86 Des Voeux Road, Central, Hong Kong<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Mercoledì 10 Settembre 2008 16:26
sta per cominciare l'anno scolastico e io andrò in quarta elementare, che però adesso si dice quarta classe della scuola primaria.
Scrivo a una maestra perchè non ho mai visto nella mia scuola un maestro e credo che anche quest'anno avrò delle donne per insegnanti. La mamma dice che ci vuole troppa pazienza per insegnare e che pochi maschi ne hanno abbastanza! Ma forse non è vero.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>莫斯科——美国国务院敦促美国公民不要前往俄罗斯，如果他们在俄罗斯，“立即离开”，因为有可能遭到任意逮捕。
一名部门官员拒绝透露仍有多少美国人在俄罗斯被拘留或监禁，也拒绝透露其中有多少人在美国官员眼中被“错误拘留”。
尽管如此，布兰妮·格林纳 (Brittney Griner) 的获释仍将注意力集中在另外两名众所周知仍被关押在俄罗斯流放地的美国公民身上：保罗·惠兰 (Paul Whelan) 和马克·福格尔 (Marc Fogel)。以下是他们的详细情况。
先生。 惠兰，一名前海军陆战队员转为公司安全主管，自 2018 年 12 月以来一直被俄罗斯拘留。国务院几个月来一直试图将他纳入与俄罗斯人的囚犯交换协议的一部分：Whelan 先生和 Griner 女士换取俄罗斯武器经销商 Viktor Bout。
52 岁的惠兰先生在一家旅馆被捕并被指控从事间谍活动时正在莫斯科参加一个朋友的婚礼，他和他的家人否认了这一指控。 他于 2020 年 6 月因间谍罪被定罪，美国政府称这些指控是捏造的。
他的兄弟在最近的一次采访中告诉纽约时报，他被关押在莫尔多维亚地区的一个流放地 IK-17，他必须在那里的一家缝纫厂工作。
拜登政府认为惠兰先生无异于政治人质。
“我们没有忘记保罗·惠兰，他在俄罗斯被不公正地拘留了多年，”拜登周四在白宫对记者说。 “我们将继续本着诚意为保罗的获释进行谈判。 我保证。 我对家人这么说。”
61 岁的马克·福格尔 (Marc Fogel) 于 2021 年 8 月被捕，当时他试图携带少量用于治疗慢性疼痛的医用大麻进入俄罗斯。 Fogel 先生生于匹兹堡，曾在俄罗斯任教十年，在哥伦比亚、委内瑞拉、阿曼和马来西亚等国家的国际学校度过了漫长的职业生涯。
福格尔先生于 6 月在劳改营被判处 14 年徒刑。
与 Whelan 先生和 Griner 女士不同，Fogel 先生并未被国务院指定为“错误拘留”。 11 月，来自宾夕法尼亚州的共和党人、美国代表盖伊·雷森塔勒 (Guy Reschenthaler) 提出了一项决议，以确定为什么福格尔先生没有获得这一称号。
今年夏天，当有关格里纳女士可能被换囚的报道开始浮出水面时，福格尔先生给他的妻子写了一封信。
“那很痛，”据报道，马克·福格尔在一封家信中写道 华盛顿邮报. 他补充说，教师“至少和篮球运动员一样重要”。
在 Griner 女士获释的消息传出后，宾夕法尼亚州共和党众议员 Mike Kelly 谴责继续拘留 Fogel 先生。
福格尔先生“因持有 17 克（或略高于半盎司）医用大麻而服刑 14 年，”他说。 “这太过分了，即使在俄罗斯现行法律下也是如此。”
据报道，另一名美国人莎拉·克里瓦内克 (Sarah Krivanek) 因家庭暴力纠纷被拘留，她在格里纳女士被送回美国的同一天被驱逐出俄罗斯。 美国国务院官员表示，美国驻莫斯科大使馆已对她的案件进行了一年多的监督，并“与俄罗斯当局协调，以促进她安全、迅速地返回美国”。
爱德华黄 贡献报告。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>" The bullet ant's venom primarily contains poneratoxin, a paralyzing neurotoxic peptide.. It is listed near the top of the list in Schmidt Sting Pain Index. There are many creatures that can bite or sting humans, pets, livestock or wildlife. The index ranks stinging pain on a scale of 1 (Red Fire Ant) to 4 (Warrior Wasp) and recounts Schmidt’s face-off with each insect with a poetic, and sometimes humorous, description. Any pain lasting more than a few days should be reviewed by a medical professional, as some topical treatments may be … Paraponera is a genus of a ponerine ant. Although the painful signal acts as a deterrent, intelligent predators will learn the dishonesty of this signal with repeated exposure – that there is no real damage being done. 1.2 Fire ant: Sharp, sudden, mildly alarming. Hot water immersion can be used to treat bluebottle (Physalia spp.) Spider wasps , also known as tarantula hawks, have a sting rating of 4. Clinical features include intense local pain and dermal erythema. In later versions, some descriptions of the most painful examples were given, e.g. washed it down with fresh water, watched the stings fall out. Furthermore, solitary insects do not provide a high energy reward for predators, and therefore predators do not expend significant effort to hunt them. Like walking across a shag carpet and reaching for the light switch.” Honey bee Although the sting is quite painful the effect is reported to last only a few minutes and is fatal less often than the honey bee. The most infamous member species is the so-called bullet ant (P. clavata), named on account of its powerful and potent sting, the sensation of which has often been likened with that of being shot with a bullet by those who have had the misfortune to be at its receiving end. Wasp venom uniquely contains wasp kinin that exhibit kinin-like activity. Like walking over flaming charcoal with a 3-inch nail in your heel. 2.0 Yellowjacket: Hot and smoky, almost irreverent. 1.0 Sweat bee: Light, ephemeral, almost fruity. ", saying the pain lasts up to two hours. , To approach studying this evolutionary connection between toxicity and sociality, Schmidt recognized there needed to be a quantitative measure with which to score the painfulness of stings. You are chained in the flow of an active volcano. Schmidt categorized the majority of Hymenopteran stings as having a pain level of 2. , Some of the insect stings Schmidt considers to be at a pain level of 1 include the Southern fire ant, the elongate twig ant, the Western paper wasp, the digger bee, and most small bees. Composition of tarantula hawk venom is unknown. Somebody is using a drill to excavate your ingrown toenail. Sweat bee is the common name for bees that are attracted to pollen and the salt in human perspiration. Pain is an advertisement of damage in the body, but molecules that produce pain and those that are toxic, and actively cause damage, are not the same. , Feeling only slight pain, Schmidt has described the sting of a digger bee, categorized into Pain Level 1, as "almost pleasant, a lover just bit your earlobe a little too hard. Their chief food source usually consists of seeds, which they hoard in great numbers, hence their name. Later in his research career, Schmidt developed a pain index, now called the Schmidt Pain Index, that helps to compare the pain of various insect stings. Thus, later versions of the scale always include a brief description of his experience being stung by each type of insect. Schmidt's original index rated only one such example, the sting of the bullet ant, as a 4. 2 The species is not valuable or fished commercially, but strong winds and currents can carry massive swarms of bluebottles to the coasts where they sometimes wash up … Later revised versions of the index added Synoeca septentrionalis, along with tarantula hawks as the only species to share this ranking. Apamin is a neurotoxin that augments polysynaptic reflexes. Imagine WC Fields extinguishing a cigar on your tongue. Whip-like sting marks on the skin – redness and swelling. It is mainly the work of Justin O. Schmidt (born 1947), an entomologist at the Carl Hayden Bee Research Center in Arizona, United States.Schmidt has published a number of papers on the subject, and claims to have been stung by the majority of stinging Hymenoptera. Melittin is the main toxin of bee venom, and it damages red blood cells and white blood cells. The Schmidt Sting Pain Index or The Justin O. Schmidt Pain Index is a scale rating the relative pain caused by different Hymenopteran stings. In fact, his description of the sting — \"light, ephemeral, almost fruity. Ants. Bluebottle stings are most common in non-tropical areas and can be very painful. The Schmidt sting pain index is a pain scale rating the relative pain caused by different hymenopteran stings. Remove briefly before reimmersing and continue this cycle if pain persists. The entomologist created the Schmidt Sting Pain Index, which ranks how much the stings of various insects hurt, on a scale of zero to 4, and gives a colorful description of the resulting sensation. It is translucent and is tinged blue, purple, pink, or mauve. Soak the affected area in hot water (no hotter than can be easily tolerated) for 20 minutes to relieve the pain. Bees, & Wasps. Sometimes this line has a ‘beaded’ appearance, and is swollen and itchy. The pain caused by the sting of most mud daubers is not considered especially painful. , Schmidt's pain scale of Hymenopteran stings is organized into levels, ranging between 1 and 4, with 4 being the most painful. Bluebottle ( Physalia) The bluebottle jellyfish is responsible for thousands of stings on Australian beaches each year. The bee quickly confirmed Schmidt’s hypothesis it might sting, and his fascination with insect defense mechanisms only grew from there. Generally, though, contact with the tentacles will cause a sharp, excruciatingly painful sting and will leave whip-like, red welts on the skin which normally last about 2-3 days. When it locates a potential victim, the tarantula hawk attacks with claws, sharp mandibles, and huge sharp stinger. ", Most insects that are characterized as having a pain level of 3 are wasps, including the red paper wasp, the metricus paper wasp, and the velvet ant (which is actually a wasp,
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绅士酒庄的葡萄园面积很大，占地约1,200英亩，酒庄的葡萄园分布较广，除了阿德莱德山（Adelaide Hills）、巴罗萨谷（Barossa Valley）和库纳瓦拉（Coonawarra）以外，在拉顿布里（Wrattonbully）也有葡萄园。绅士酒庄葡萄园里的土壤以非常适合葡萄种植和生长的红色沙壤土和石灰岩土为主，因葡萄园规模较大，所以酒庄管理者种植的葡萄品种也多种多样，园中主要种植的葡萄品种有赤霞珠（Cabernet Sauvignon）、西拉（Shiraz）、长相思（Sauvignon Blanc）以及赛美蓉（Semillon）等。
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卡神小组致力于培养拥有独立思考能力和拥有独立开创能力的卡神小组信融职业人，卡神小组希望朋友们用自己独立思考和分析能力来了解我们，卡神小组也坚信会给朋友们一个惊喜和新世界！<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>IT’S TIME TO LEARN THE TRUTH ABOUT MORINGA OLEIFERA HEALTH BENEFITS. Get the Moringa facts in the quick video and be sure to check out our sister company: The Moringa Company at the link above.
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Moringa oleifera From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia “Drumstick tree” and variants thereof redirect here. This name is also used for the golden shower tree (Cassia fistulosa)
Pods of Moringa oleifera inPanchkhal, Nepal
Moringa oleifera is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Moringa, which is the only genus in the family Moringaceae. English common names include: moringa,drumstick tree (from the appearance of the long, slender, triangular seed-pods), horseradish tree (from the taste of the roots, which resembles horseradish), ben oil tree, or benzoil tree (from the oil which is derived from the seeds). It is a fast-growing, drought-resistant tree, native to the southern foothills of the Himalayas in northwestern India, and widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical areas where its young seed pods and leaves are used as vegetables. It can also be used for water purification and hand washing, and is sometimes used in herbal medicine.
ETYMOLOGY Moringa derives from the Tamil word, murungai or Malayalam word, murinna (alternately muringa). Numerous other common names for moringa exist in different languages worldwide.
M. oleifera is a fast-growing, deciduous tree. It can reach a height of 10–12 m (32–40 ft) and the trunk can reach a diameter of 45 cm (1.5 ft). The bark has a whitish-grey colour and is surrounded by thick cork. Young shoots have purplish or greenish-white, hairy bark. The tree has an open crown of drooping, fragile branches and the leaves build up a feathery foliage of tripinnate leaves.
The flowers are fragrant and bisexual, surrounded by five unequal, thinly veined, yellowish-white petals. The flowers are about 1.0-1.5 cm (1/2″)long and 2.0 cm (3/4″)broad. They grow on slender, hairy stalks in spreading or drooping later flower clusters which have a length of 10–25 cm.
Flowering begins within the first six months after planting. In seasonally cool regions, flowering only occurs once a year between April and June. In more constant seasonal temperatures and with constant rainfall, flowering can happen twice or even all year-round.
The fruit is a hanging, three-sided brown capsule of 20–45 cm size which holds dark brown, globular seeds with a diameter around 1 cm. The seeds have three whitish papery wings and are dispersed by wind and water.
In cultivation, it is often cut back annually to 1–2 m (3–6 ft)and allowed to regrow so the pods and leaves remain within arm’s reach.
CULTIVATION The moringa tree is grown mainly in semiarid, tropical, and subtropical areas, corresponding in the United States to USDA hardiness zones 9 and 10. It tolerates a wide range of soil conditions, but prefers a neutral to slightly acidic (pH 6.3 to 7.0), well-drained sandy or loamy soil. In waterlogged soil the roots have a tendency to rot. Moringa is a sun- and heat-loving plant, thus does not toleratefreezing or frost. Moringa is particularly suitable for dry regions, as it can be grown using rainwater without expensive irrigation techniques.
Parameter Requirement/range Climate Grows best in tropical or subtropical Altitude 0 – 2000 m Rainfall 250 – 3000 mmIrrigation needed for leaf production if rainfall < 800 mm Soil Type Loamy, sandy, or sandy-loam Soil pH pH 5 – 9 PRODUCTION AREA[EDIT] India is the largest producer of moringa, with an annual production of 1.1 to 1.3 million tonnes of fruits from an area of 380 km². Among Indian states, Andhra Pradesh leads in both area and production (156.65 km²) followed by Karnataka (102.8 km²) and Tamil Nadu (74.08 km²), a pioneering state having varied genotypes from diversified geographical areas and introductions from Sri Lanka.
Moringa is grown in home gardens in Odisha and as living fences in southern India and Thailand, where it is commonly sold in local markets. In the Philippines, it is commonly grown for its leaves which are used as food. Moringa is also actively cultivated by the World Vegetable Center in Taiwan, a center for vegetable research. In Haiti, it is grown aswindbreaks and to help reduce soil erosion.
More generally, moringa grows in the wild or is cultivated in Central America and the Caribbean, northern countries of South America, Africa, Southeast Asia and various countries of Oceania.
As of 2010, cultivation in Hawaii, for commercial distribution in the United States, is in its early stages.
CULTIVATION PRACTICE Moringa can be grown as an annual or perennial plant. In the first year, all pods are edible. Later years also bear inedible bitter pods. Therefore, moringa is often commercially cultivated as an annual. On less favorable locations, perennial cultivation has big advantages. Erosion is much smaller with perennial cultivation. Perennial cultivation of moringa is also practiced in agroforestry.
Soil preparations In tropical cultivation, soil erosion is a major problem. Therefore, the soil treatment has to be as shallow as possible. Plowing is required only for high planting densities. In low planting densities, “it is better to dig pits and refill them with the soil. This ensures good root system penetration without causing too much land erosion. The pits must be 30 to 50 cm deep, and 20 to 40 cm wide.”
Propagation Moringa can be propagated from seed or cuttings. Direct seeding is possible because the germination rate of M. oleifera is high. After 12 days, the germination rate is about 85%. Production in seedbeds or containers is very time-consuming. In these techniques, the plants can be better protected from insects and other pests. They are also used in areas where soil erosion is a problem.
Cuttings of 1 m length and a diameter of at least 4 cm can be also used for propagation. At least one third of the cutting must be buried in the soil. In the Philippines, moringa is propagated by planting 1– to 2-m-long limb cuttings, preferably from June to August. It can also be propagated by seeds, which are planted an inch below the surface and can be germinated year-round in well-draining soil.
Planting For intensive leaf production, “the spacing of plants should be 15 x 15 cm or 20 x 10 cm, with conveniently spaced alleys (for example: every 4 m) to facilitate plantation management and harvests. Another option is to space the seeding lines 45 cm apart and to sow every 5 cm on those lines. One can also space the lines only 30 cm apart and sow at a larger distance on the lines (10 to 20 cm)”. Weeding and disease prevention are difficult because of the high density. In a semi-intensive production, the plants are spaced 50 cm to 1 m apart. This gives good results with less maintenance.
Moringa trees can also be cultivated in alleys, as natural fences and associated with other crops. The distance between moringa rows in an agroforestry cultivation are usually between 2 and 4 meters. In Haiti, it is used as fencing and windbreaks on farms.
BREEDING In India, from where moringa most likely originated, the diversity of wild types is large. This gives a good basis for breeding programs. In countries where moringa has been introduced, the diversity is usually much smaller among the cultivar types. Locally well-adapted wild types,though, can be found in most regions.
Because moringa is cultivated and used in different ways, there are different breeding aims. The breeding aims for an annual or a perennial plant are obviously different. The yield stability of fruits is an important breeding aim for the commercial cultivation in India, where moringa is cultivated as an annual. On less favorable locations, perennial cultivation has big advantages. Erosion is much smaller with perennial cultivation. In Pakistan, varieties have been tested for their nutritional composition of the leaves on different locations. The different breeding aims result in a different selection. India selects for a higher number of pods and dwarf or semidwarf varieties. Breeders in Tanzania, though, are selecting for higher oil content.
YIELD AND HARVEST M. oleifera can be cultivated for its leaves, pods, and/or its kernels for oil extraction and water purification. The yields vary widely, depending on season, variety, fertilization, and irrigation regimen. Moringa yields best under warm, dry conditions with some supplemental fertilizer and irrigation. Harvest is done manually with knives, sickles, and stabs with hooks attached. Pollarding, coppicing and lopping or pruning are recommended to promote branching, increase production and facilitate harvesting.
FRUITS When the plant is grown from cuttings, the first harvest can take place 6–8 months after planting. Often, the fruits are not produced in the first year, and the yield is generally low during the first few years. By year two, it produces around 300 pods, by year 3 around 400-500. A good tree can yield 1000 or more pods. In India, a hectare can produce 31 tons of pods per year. Under North Indian conditions, the fruits ripen during the summer. Sometimes, particularly in South India, flowers and fruit appear twice a year, so two harvests occur, in July to September and March to April.
LEAVES Average yields of 6 tons/ha/year in fresh matter can be achieved. The harvest differs strongly between the rainy and dry seasons, with 1120 kg/ha per harvest and 690 kg/ha per harvest, respectively. The leaves and stems can be harvested from the young plants 60 days after seeding and then another seven times in the year. At every harvest, the plants are cut back to within 60 cm of the ground. In some production systems, the leaves are harvested every 2 weeks.
The cultivation of M. oleifera can also be done intensively with irrigation and fertilization with suitable varieties. Trials in Nicaragua with 1 million plants per hectare and 9 cuttings/year over 4 years gave an average fresh matter production of 580 metric tons/ha/year, equivalent to about 174 metric tons of fresh leaves.
OIL One estimate for yield of oil from kernels is 250 l/ha. The oil can be used as a food supplement, as a base for cosmetics, and for hair and the skin.
PESTS AND DISEASES The moringa tree is not affected by any serious diseases in its native or introduced ranges. In India, several insect pests are seen, including various caterpillars such as the bark-eating caterpillar, the hairy caterpillar or the green leaf caterpillar. The budworms Noctuidae are known to cause serious defoliation. Damaging agents can also be aphids, stem borers, and fruit flies. In some regions, termites can also cause minor damage. If termites are numerous in soils, insects management costs are not bearable.
The moringa tree is a host to Leveillula taurica, a powdery mildew which causes damage in papaya crops in south India. Cultivation management should therefore be checked.
NUTRIENTS Moringa oleifera leaf, raw Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) Energy 64 kcal (270 kJ) Carbohydrates 8.28 g Dietary fiber 2.0 g Fat 1.40 g Protein 9.40 g Vitamins Vitamin A equiv. (47%) 378 μg
Thiamine (B1) (22%) 0.257 mg
Riboflavin (B2) (55%) 0.660 mg
Niacin (B3) (15%) 2.220 mg
Pantothenic acid (B5) (3%) 0.125 mg
Vitamin B6 (92%) 1.200 mg
Folate (B9) (10%) 40 μg
Vitamin C (62%) 51.7 mg
Minerals Calcium (19%) 185 mg
Iron (
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1 m pit beneath an overhang of rhyolitic volcanic bedrock that served as an owl roost. It contained nine naturally stratified units to a maximum depth of 81 cm below datum. Radiocarbon age calibration of the deposits indicated a maximum age of 1,000 y . DNA was extracted from dental material and 253 bp of mitochondrial cytochrome b amplified as described in Hadly et al. . Fourteen of the ENH sequences spanning 1,000 ybp to the present were included in this analysis (see Figure 4 for sample sizes at each unit). Only one haplotype was identified (segregating sites = 0, nucleotide diversity = 0.0000); this haplotype also matched 53 modern C. sociabilis sampled from six populations across the current range previously published in Chan et al. .
Listed are number of samples per sampling time and observed values for segregating sites and nucleotide diversity used in the bottleneck model. Numbers on map indicate locations of modern populations .
CT is an archeological site and owl roost located 30 km north of ENH near the confluence of the Traful and Limay rivers (Figure 4). Due to the deposition of owl pellets through time, the cave provides a temporal sequence of small mammal skeletal material radiocarbon dated to a maximum age of 10,209 ± 96 ybp . CT is not within the northern limit of the current C. sociabilis range (Figure 4); however, morphological evidence suggested that C. sociabilis was present more than 3,000 ybp near CT . DNA was extracted from teeth following the protocol of Hadly et al. . Thirty-three sequences phylogenetically identified as C. sociabilis from the same 253 bp of cytochrome b amplified from the ENH samples were included in this analysis from eight stratigraphic units ranging from 10,209 ± 96 to 3,293 ± 49 ybp (Figure 4). In contrast to the negligible recent genetic variation, eight haplotypes were found in CT. Those haplotypes fell into two clades that overlap temporally in CT: a modern clade consisting of two haplotypes representing nine individuals, one of which exactly matched the recent haplotype, and six haplotypes representing 24 individuals that belonged to a divergent ancient clade (total uncorrected sequence divergence = 4.3%). Sequences can be found under GenBank accession numbers DQ402060 to DQ402066. Of 11 polymorphic sites, eight changes were synonymous and three were nonsynonymous (nucleotide diversity = 0.01283 ± 0.00167, haplotypic diversity = 0.71 ± 0.06, n = 33) .
The possibility of the ancient clade belonging to an extinct sibling species cannot be excluded. Although we think this is unlikely for the reasons outlined in Chan et al. (supplemental online material) and for the following reasons: (1) there are no morphological differences among the teeth belonging to the two clades; (2) the amount of polymorphism within C. sociabilis is comparable to other ctenomyid species; (3) the level of divergence is at the low end for sister taxa in Ctenomys; (4) while the average interclade sequence divergence (3.52%) is not trivial, it is not unusual neither within mammals, nor subterranean rodents, nor within Ctenomys in particular; and (5) it would be highly unusual for such closely related sibling species to co-occur without interbreeding.
Estimation procedure for demographic parameters.
The lack of recent genetic variation from approximately 1,000 ybp to present at cytochrome b and the low genetic diversity in a modern population at 15 microsatellite loci in combination with the large amount of ancient variation found from approximately 3,000 to 10,000 ybp suggests the possibility of a large decrease in population size (i.e., population bottleneck) at some point in the history of C. sociabilis. Therefore, we used the amount of genetic variability at the mitochondrial locus cytochrome b in C. sociabilis to estimate the demographic history of the female effective population size over time.
Prior distributions of demographic and marker parameters.
In the Bayesian analysis, the “prior” is based on previous knowledge of the biotic system. Information from the literature was used to derive the values for demographic parameters as well as the prior distributions of demographic and marker parameters used in the models as follows. Generation time was set at 2 y. Individuals of C. sociabilis reach sexual maturity at about 9 mo, produce one litter a year, and can live up to 4 y. The observed mean number of female generations in one study population was 2.0 ± 1.0 (range 1–4; n = 19 social units) [32,33]. The effect of assuming a generation time of 1 versus 2 y was investigated in a sensitivity analysis.
We used a finite-sites mutation model based on results derived from Modeltest v. 3.7 from an analysis that included the data used in this study and all available cytochrome b sequences from GenBank. Using Akaike information criterion, an HKY + I + G model was selected with a transition/transversion ratio = 6.62, proportion of invariable sites = 0.4138, and gamma distribution shape parameter = 0.8423. A uniform prior distribution for the mutation rate, μ from 1% to 10% of the region per Myr (5.08 × 10−6 to 5.08 × 10−5 for the 253-bp region per generation) was based on conservatively low and high estimates for the mutation rate at cytochrome b in mammals [36,37]. We investigated the sensitivity of our mutation rate to a variable rate versus a set mutation rate.
The prior for the modern effective population size was chosen according to an estimated current census population size of less than 10,000 adults (E. A. Lacey and J. R. Wiezcorek, personal communication, December 2004). To be conservative, since the model is based on the female effective population size, the prior for the modern effective population size was a uniform distribution from 1 to 10,000 haploid individuals. Sensitivity of our results to larger Nefm was also examined.
The binning method for samples that is used to calculate summary statistics may also have an influence on the posterior distributions. We chose three time intervals—one representing the recent variation and two representing the ancient variation. A small number of bins increases the sample size for each summary statistic; however, information is lost as samples from multiple time periods are grouped together. As the number of summary statistics calculated increases, errors are increased and more iterations are needed. We investigated the sensitivity of our results to the number of time intervals by examining the results with two and four time intervals as well.
Finally, since we are examining the demographic history over the last 10,000 y we chose a uniform prior distribution for the bottleneck time from 1 to 10,000 ybp. The demographic history of C. sociabilis prior to 10,000 ybp is beyond the scope of this study, and likely encompasses very large environmental perturbations as it spans the glacial-interglacial transition at the terminal Pleistocene.
Alternate modeling scenarios.
In order to understand the importance of sampling ancient DNA from multiple time points, we investigated two alternate modeling scenarios. The first one represented a single time point consisting of the 53 modern monomorphic samples from across the species range, similar to a study that does not incorporate ancient DNA. The second was meant to represent a study that includes ancient DNA, but does not have adequate dating. This modeling scenario consisted of two time points, the recent variation (53 modern samples) and ancient (which contained 47 samples from ENH and CT all dated at 10,208 ybp).
Procedure for parameter estimation.
A full description of the ABC method is given in . Bayes' theorem can be approached from a sampling-resampling perspective where the empirical data are used to approximate the distribution of the parameter of interest. Previous studies have utilized this technique for estimating complex demographic histories from modern DNA [6,39,40] but we applied this approach to the estimation of demographic history from ancient DNA using the serial coalescent. Within the Bayesian framework, the demographic model specifies the prior distribution of the genealogical tree and parameter estimates are inferred from the posterior distribution of the genealogical tree given the observed data, the coalescent prior for the genealogy, and the priors for the demographic parameters. With this method, parameter estimation is achieved by comparing a summary statistic calculated from the empirical data with the distribution generated by Monte Carlo simulations of the coalescent process. In particular, we employed the ABC approach specified by Beaumont et al. which uses a rejection-sampling method for simulating an approximate posterior distribution and also employs smooth weighting and linear adjustment . One advantage of the ABC method is its insensitivity to the choice of δ. However, we examined the influence of δ on our analysis by performing 10 million iterations and accepting the quantile pδ = 0.0001.
In this study, rejection-based approximate Bayesian inference methods were implemented using Serial Simcoal and the statistical package, R version 2.0.1. The use of Serial Simcoal in this paper differs from previous applications of the serial coalescent to ancient data in that multiple time points are incorporated into a single tree (instead of being limited to two time points). Summary statistics for the observed data, nucleotide diversity and segregating sites, were calculated using DnaSP . Statistics for the modern samples were taken from Chan et al. .
Genetic variation in the recent and ancient samples was summarized by six statistics, calculated as the number of segregating sites and the average nucleotide diversity per site for each of three time periods: (1) modern and recent nucleotide diversity and segregating sites (Sm, πm); (2) ancient nucleotide diversity and segregating sites from approximately 5,000 to 3,000 ybp (Sa1, πa1); and (3) ancient nucleotide diversity and segregating sites from approximately 10,000 to 5,000 ybp (Sa2, πa2). We chose the number of segregating sites and nucleotide diversity because segregating sites reflects the amount of variation in a sequence but is not influenced by nucleotide frequencies, and nucleotide diversity is affected by nucleotide frequencies. Under a neutral model of evolution with constant population size these two statistics should be the same. The difference between these statistics is Tajima's D which is a commonly used to test deviations from the neutral model such as selection, population structure, or changes in population size.
Posterior distributions for the estimated parameters were estimated using the following algorithm:
Simulate a dataset using the serial coalescent process and demographic and marker parameters (Nefbot, tbot, Nefa, Nefm, μ) drawn from uniform prior distributions.
Compute summary statistics for the simulated dataset (Sm*, πm*, Sa1*, πa1*, Sa2*, πa2*) and record summary statistics and parameter values.
Repeat 1 and 2 until 1 million simulations are performed.
Compute summary statistics (Sm, πm, Sa1, πa1, Sa2, πa2) from the observed dataset.
Calculate the normalized Euclidean error using the following formula:
The values for Nefbot, tbot, Nefa, Nefm, and μ for the 1,000 (quantile pδ = 0.001) datasets with the smallest Euclidean distances were recorded for the posterior distributions. The remaining datasets were rejected .
Local linear regression adjustment and smooth weighting of 1,000 acceptances was implemented as described in using the functions lm() and Locfit in R version 2.0.1 to estimate the posterior density function. Summary statistics were calculated using the summary and quantile functions, and the location of the mode was estimated from a kernel density estimate using the Locfit package. Bias and root-mean-square error were calculated from the mean values estimated from 1,000 datasets that were simulated with the mean parameters estimated by the bottleneck model. For computational efficiency, the same 1 million simulations were bootstrap resampled to derive the 1,000 acceptances for each of the 1,000 simulated datasets.
Caution must be applied when interpreting estimates of effective population size based on models with certain assumptions such as a single panmictic population across the species or utilizing a particular demographic model. One problem with the model is that the samples from CT could have consisted of multiple populations. In order to investigate the influence of sampling over structured populations, we ran multiple population simulations and binned all the samples to see what effect calculating a single summary statistic for multiple populations would have on genetic diversity. As expected, we found that population structure increases the expected amount of genetic variation in the overall sample (unpublished data). This would result in an overestimation of the ancient effective population size. However, even with very low migration rates among several populations, a large decline in population size is necessary to lose all genetic variation in the species.
Sequences used in the study can be found under GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank) accession numbers DQ402060–DQ402066.
We would like to thank J. Mountain, M. Van Tuinen, P. Spaeth, R. Feranec, J. Bruzgul, J. Blois, and K. O'Keefe for helpful comments on this manuscript; J. Mountain and U. Ramakrishnan for help with the analyses; and especially E. Lacey for sharing information on C. sociabilis demography and genetics.
YLC, CNKA, and EAH conceived and designed the experiments. YLC and CNKA performed the experiments. YLC and CNKA analyzed the data. YLC, CNKA, and EAH contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. YLC and EAH wrote the paper.
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is similar to that of using a knife and fork to cut food.
The increased arm strength allows the elbow to be slightly away from the body, providing greater flexibility.
Stage 3 of Pencil Grip Development
Your child will hold the pencil with all five fingers resulting in the wrist being off the table. The grip is similar to a darts player holding the dart with all five fingers.
Movement of the crayon now comes from the wrist but as the hand strength improves there will start to be some finger movement.
Stage 4 of Pencil Grip Development
Your child will usually start to use the three finger, or tripod grip, by the age of 6.
Initially the fingers will be held rigidly but, as your child improves their control of the finger muscles, the fingers will start to move the pencil.
Every child is different, developing the skills needed to hold a pencil at a different time to their peers.
There are developmental stages, that your child needs to go through, before they can successfully use a mature tripod grip. They need to work through each stage and as their hand, shoulder and arm strength and mobility increases so does the ability to move to the next developmental stage of the grip.
There are principles of development called “big to small” and “proximal to distal” – basically this means that children develop the larger muscles of the trunk and arms before the smaller muscles of the hands and that the proximal muscles closer to the body centre (shoulder muscles, upper arm muscles) develop before the distal muscles which are further away (hand muscles).
If a toddler is taught how to hold a pencil using the tripod grip before they are physically ready, they are inclined to develop a poor pencil grip which is difficult to change once they are older. These grips can make handwriting difficult and less fluid as well as making writing a very tiring task. It can also turn some children off colouring, drawing and handwriting as they are not pleasurable experiences.
A child may not develop a three finger tripod pencil grip until the age of 5/6. This is considered the most appropriate pencil grip, for right and left handed writers, as it allows the fingers and wrist to work together to provide a more free flowing movement.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Qui puoi trovare un vasto assortimento di frasi di esempio per la parola era, o in altre parole frasi che possono aiutarti a imparare come usare era in una frase. Imparare a usare una parola in una frase può essere molto utile, ad esempio quando si tratta di imparare a usare la parola in una frase, in quale contesto la parola può essere usata così come per imparare il vero significato della parola "era".
Era in una frase
Di seguito troverai diverse frasi che illustrano come utilizzare la parola era in una frase.
L'età media era di 20 anni.
L'età media era di 41 anni.
L'età media era di 36 anni.
La giuria era composta da:.
Questo era senz'altro vero.
L'età media era di 32 anni.
L'età media era di 38 anni.
L'età media era di 31 anni.
L'età media era di 21 anni.
Il suo simbolo era il toro.
La corrispondenza tra le divinità non era perfetta.
Il reddito pro capite per la città era di $ 12.808.
Secondo la tradizione Daria era moglie di Nicandro.
Arthur Wellesley, I duca di Wellington era suo zio.
Capoluogo del comitato era la città di Szombathely.
Mentre era alla FGU, ha giocato 66 partite, segnato 6 reti e realizzato 4 assist.
La densità di popolazione era di 1,452.0 persone per miglio quadrato (561.3/km²).
Appiano aggiunge che Lucullo in una circostanza, si era accampato su una collina.
Il mezzo era dotato di due sistemi di freno, differenti a seconda della variante.
Al momento dell'indipendenza, il Botswana era uno dei più poveri Paesi del mondo.
Già il 4 maggio aveva scoperto che il vaiolo che lo affliggeva era arrivato a un punto inarrestabile.
Panzerkorps era rimasto con meno di cento carri armati a disposizione: quarantuno nei ranghi della 6.
Influenzata dalla luce viola dell'amore, era sulla via del perdono verso la sua nemesi: John Stewart.
La versione ufficiale fu che Ottaviano era stato esortato a fuggire in un sogno avuto dal suo medico.
Il cannone era l'evoluzione del modello SMP 3 che era stato imbarcato sulle corvette classe Albatros.
Nel corso del torneo si era imposta su Lucie Šafářová per 6-7 6-4 6-4 e Milagros Sequera per 7-6 6-0.
Fu introdotto da Linneo nel 1735 ma sicuramente tale denominazione era conosciuta fin dall'antichità.
Fra il 1914 e il 1956 la città era servita da una fermata della tranvia Milano-Corsico-Abbiategrasso.
In Occidente l'Imperatore bizantino era definito il rex graecorum (re dei Greci) e non un imperatore.
Fino al secolo XIX, la regione dell'attuale Nova Friburgo era occupata dagli indigeni coroados puris.
La serie originale infatti era stata caricata su Netflix nel 2016 e godeva ancora di ottimi consensi.
Entro la primavera del 1864, il governo confederato nella contea era stato effettivamente rovesciato.
Sua madre era la granduchessa Elena Vladimirovna di Russia, nipote dello zar Alessandro II di Russia.
Punto vulnerabile di Medina era l'angolo nord-est prospiciente la harra (la cosiddetta Harra Wāqim ).
Già per la Fleetwood Brougham, un tettuccio in vinile era considerato un segno distintivo e lussuoso.
La formazione tipo era: Bodoira, Piacentini, Ferrini, Gallea, Ellena, Grezar, Menti, Loik, Gabetto, Mazzola, Ferraris II.
Melanippo (in greco antico Μελάνιππος) o Menalippo era un personaggio della mitologia greca, un tebano, figlio di Astaco.
Tra questi documenti vi era anche il "Minimal Key Lengths for Symmetric Ciphers to Provide Adequate Commercial Security".
Lanciato nel 2005, Logo era originariamente dedicato a programmi di intrattenimento e lifestyle rivolti al pubblico LGBT.
Negli ultimi anni della Repubblica l'attività del teatro languiva, e la qualità degli spettacoli era per lo più scadente.
William, benché ferito, riesce così a compiere la pericolosa missione oltre le linee nemiche che gli era stata assegnata.
Il club era anche noto come Yüksekçıta Koleji prima che nel 2018 fosse rinominato Merkezefendi Belediyesi Denizli Basket.
Nella storia, il prodiere era un marinaio che, assieme ad altri suoi compagni, gestivano interamente le prue delle galee.
Nelle prime sette edizioni la gara era riservata ai dilettanti, mentre a partire dal 1975 venne aperta ai professionisti.
Stenopterygius era un ittiosauro di media taglia che poteva crescere fino ad una lunghezza massima di 4 metri (13 piedi).
Il crollo fu causato dal fatto che la struttura era stata costruita senza permesso nei piani superiori, oltre che progettata per ospitare negozi e uffici, e non fabbriche.
Nel 1986-87 era in Vaticano per realizzare il ritratto di SS Papa Giovanni Paolo II appartenente alle collezioni del Vaticano e conservato nel Palazzo San Callisto a Roma.
L'Imperatrice, che si era nascosta in letargo ai margini dell'universo, si svegliò e usò la società Torchwood per ottenere l'equipaggiamento per creare particelle di huon.
La posizione era stata creata dalla fusione di due cariche: quella di segretario di Stato per le relazioni del Commonwealth e quella di segretario di Stato per le Colonie.
Altri ufficiali erano i komes (capitani) e gli ilarches (tenenti), gli hekatontarches (comandanti di plotone, che fino alla metà del VII secolo era denominato centurione).
Informazioni generali sulle frasi di esempio "era"
Le frasi di esempio per la parola era che presentiamo su questo sito web, derivano da diverse fonti ufficiali. Ad esempio, una delle nostre fonti sono articoli su Wikipedia classificati come almeno articoli Buoni. Ma usiamo anche articoli di notizie, libri e altri testi generici per raccogliere frasi di esempio su come la parola "era" può essere usata in una frase. A destra di ogni frase troverai una freccia di collegamento che ti rimanda alla fonte della frase, dove puoi accedere al testo completo e al contesto per la frase di esempio presentata. Questo può essere utile perché alcune parole a volte possono essere difficili da capire con solo una frase per il contesto, mentre l'articolo o il testo completo può aiutarti a capire come usare la parola "era".<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>زمانی که خبر درگذشت ایمی واینهاوس منتشر شد، یکی از کاربران سایت یوتیوب زیر ویدئویی از یکی از اجراهای زنده این خواننده نوشت: «خدا رحمتت کند ایمی، حالا که رفتی آن دنیا، کرت کوبین با ده کیلو کراک به استقبالت خواهد آمد.»
از راست: ایمی واینهاوس، کرت کوبین، جیمی هندریکس، برایان جونز، جنیس جاپلین، جیم موریسون
خیلیاز طرفداران ایمی واینهاوس این روزها دوست دارند خوانندهی محبوبشان را که به گفتهی پلیس هنوز علت مرگش "نامعلوم" است، در حالی تصور کنند که در آن دنیا در محفلی دوستانه با نامهای مشهوری همچون کرت کوبین (خواننده و بنیانگذار گروه نیروانا)، جیمی هندریکس (خواننده و گیتاریست برجسته آمریکایی)، برایان جونز (گیتاریست و از پایهگذاران گروه رولینگ استونز)، جیم موریسون (خواننده گروه Doors) و جنیس جاپلین (اسطوره راک) در گوشهای دنج همنشین شده است.
بالای سر آنها تابلویی بزرگ به چشم میخورد که روی آن نوشته شده: "کلوب ۲۷".
اعضای این کلوب که ایمی واینهاوس به تازگی به آنها پیوسته همگی در سن ۲۷ سالگی درگذشتند. کرت کوبین خودکشی کرد، جیمی هندریکس در پی مصرف زیاد مشروبات الکلی و تداخل تأثیر آن با قرصهای خوابآور جان باخت، جنیس جاپلین به دلیل تزریق زیاد از حد هروئین مرد، جیم موریسون و برایان جونز نیز بر حسب اتفاق در روز ۳ ژوئیه جان باختند. جسد جونز در سال ۱۹۶۹ در استخر خانهپیدا شد و دو سال بعد در همان روز موریسون به دلیل آنچه "ایست قلبی" نامیده شد، درگذشت. جسد وی هیچگاه کالبد شکافی نشد.
البته کلوب ۲۷ به جز این شش نام شناخته شده، اعضای دیگری هم دارد که همگی آنها در دنیای موسیقی فعالیت داشتهاند و در همین سن مردهاند.
نگاهی به این فهرست، نشان میدهد که "دلایل رسمی" مرگ آنها گستره متنوعی دارد: مرگ به دلیل تصادف اتومبیل، میزان بالای استفاده از مواد مخدر، قتل، مسمومیت ناشی از استنشاق مونوکسید کربن خارج شده از یک بخاری خراب، سقوط از اسب، سقوط هواپیما، خودکشی یا نارسایی کلیه.
و به این اضافه کنید، دراز کشیدن در عقب یک وانت و سپس انحراف ماشین از جاده، افتادن به پایین شکسته شدن گردن و در نهایت مرگ در سن ۲۷ سالگی.
"کلوب لعنتی"
کلوب ۲۷ پس از مرگ جیمی هندریکس، جنیس جاپلین و جیم موریسون شکل گرفت چرا که دو نفر اول در یک سال (۱۹۷۰) و نفر آخر یک سال بعد جان باختند. در آن زمان کرت کوبین خواننده مشهور گروه نیروانا کودکی بیش نبود.
زمانی که کوبین با اعتیاد دست و پنجه نرم میکرد و انگار شهرت فراگیری که برایش دوخته بودند قوارهی تنش نمیشد، مادرش به او هشدار داده بود: «به آن کلوب لعنتی نپیوند!»
البته خواهر کوبین یک بار گفته بود، کرت در زمان جوانی از تمایلش برای وارد شدن به کلوب ۲۷ حرف زده بود. هرچند هیچوقت نمیتوان به قطعیت گفت که کوبین در زمان کشیدن ماشه اسلحهای که زیر چانهاش گذاشت، بیشتر به پیوستن به کلوب ۲۷ میاندیشیده یا آنکه به خیال خودش عاقبت راه آرامش ابدی را یافته بوده است.
جادوی کلوب ۲۷
در بحبوحهی پیامهای تسلیت و آمرزشهایی که از همه طرف روانهی روح ایمی واینهاوس میشد، برخی میگفتند که شاید این خواننده جوان با استعداد که تنها پناه زندگیاش مواد مخدر و الکل بود، تعمدا مرگ در این سن را انتخاب کرده است. پکس پرنتیس، مدیر یک مرکز توانبخشی در آمریکا بر این باور است که ایمی واینهاوس هنوز آمادگی حضور روی صحنه و اساسا حضور میان مردم را نداشت.
ویدئوهایی که از واینهاوس در اجرای تور کنسرتهایش در شهر بلگراد ضبط شده، خوانندهای شکننده را نشان میدهند که به زحمت سعی در به خاطر آوردن متن ترانهاش دارد. پکس پرنتیس که خود نیز در زندگی تجربهی اعتیاد به مواد مخدر را داشته، در گفتگویی دیگر میگوید که ایمی واینهاوس در "جادهای تاریک قدم بر میداشت و شاید این ایده به ذهنش راه یافته که جزیی از این گروه (کلوب ۲۷) شود."
تئوریهای زیادی در باب جادوی کلوب ۲۷ وجود دارد. برخی میکوشند آن را از لحاظ علمی توجیه کنند و برخی دیگر از لحاظ روانشناختی. عدهای نیز بر شعار موسیقی راک انگشت میگذارند که میگوید: «سریع زندگی کن، به شدت عشق بورز و جوان بمیر.»
کلوب ۲۷ شاید در آینده همچنان فعالانه عضوگیری کند و یا به داشتن همین تعداد عضو رضایت دهد. در این میان میمانند طرفدارانی اندوهگین در غم از دست دادن ستارگانی جوانمرگ که اساسا محفل خودمانی همسالانشان را به بودن در این دنیا ترجیح دادهاند.
سمیرا نیک آیین
تحریریه: مهیندخت مصباح<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Red-headed Woodpecker: Medium-sized woodpecker with black upperparts and tail, and white underparts and rump. The head, throat, and upper breast are dark red. Wings are black with large white patches. Bill, legs and feet are black. This is the only woodpecker in the east with a completely red head.
Range and Habitat
Red-headed Woodpecker: Breeds from Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Quebec south to Florida and the Gulf Coast; scarce in northeastern states. Spends winters in southern part of breeding range.
The Red-headed Woodpecker has a large range, inhabiting much of the eastern half of the United States. Native to the United States and Canada, this bird prefers temperate, subtropical, or tropical forest and grassland ecosystems as well as savannas and even rural and urban areas. The global population of this bird is not specifically quantified but shows significant and rapid signs of decline that necessitate inclusion on the IUCN Red List. For this reason, the current evaluation status of the Red-headed Woodpecker is Near Threatened.
The Red-headed Woodpecker forages for food rather than excavate holes to find insects.
It is the only woodpecker that covers its cache of food with bark or wood. Grasshoppers are stored alive, wedged so tightly in a crevice escape is impossible.
This bird was featured on a United States Postal Service 2-cent stamp in 1996.
A group of woodpeckers has many collective nouns, including a "descent", "drumming", and "gatling" of woodpeckers.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Download a printable practice sheet for the following numbers exercises. You may also use this sheet with tracing paper to trace these letters.
Download a blank printable practice sheet.
The German number 1 almost always has a diagonal stroke coming out of the top left of the main stem. This diagonal stroke may extend as far as the midline or even the baseline.
(Click on the letter to animate it.)
The 2 starts with a downward loop that extends diagonally to the left until the baseline, and then culminates in a curved upward and downward loop in the shape of a horizontal s.
This number, like the letter z, is formed by two loops, one on top of the other. There might be a small loop in the middle where the two big loops connect. To differentiate it from a 5, look for the top loop which always curves to the left.
The German number 4 is formed by an L-shaped stroke over the midline intersecting a main vertical stem. Sometimes the L-shaped stroke goes under the midline and may even almost touch the baseline.
Starting at the top with a backward loop, the 5
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varicose e tromboflebite superficiale sull’esordio o sulla progressione della trombosi venosa
Il rischio di complicanze tromboemboliche arteriose o di accidente cerebrovascolare nelle utilizzatrici di COC aumenta in presenza delle seguenti condizioni:
• età avanzata
• fumo (alle donne sopra i 35 anni di età deve essere vivamente raccomandato di non fumare qualora desiderino usare un COC)
• dislipoproteinemia
• ipertensione
• emicrania
• obesità (indice di massa corporea superiore a 30 kg/m²)
• anamnesi familiare positiva (tromboembolia arteriosa in un fratello o genitore in età relativamente precoce). Qualora sussista il sospetto di una predisposizione ereditaria, la donna deve essere indirizzata ad uno specialista prima di decidere di assumere qualsiasi contraccettivo orale combinato
• vizio valvolare cardiaco
• fibrillazione atriale
La presenza di un grave fattore di rischio o di fattori di rischio multipli per lo sviluppo di disturbi di tipo venoso o arterioso può costituire una controindicazione all’utilizzo del farmaco. Deve essere presa in considerazione anche la possibilità di un trattamento anticoagulante. Le donne che assumono COC devono essere avvisate di contattare il medico qualora si manifestino possibili sintomi di trombosi. Nell’eventualità di trombosi sospetta o accertata, l’assunzione del COC deve essere sospesa e si deve ricorrere a metodi contraccettivi alternativi adeguati a causa dell’effetto teratogeno della terapia anticoagulante (cumarinici).
Si deve altresì considerare il maggiore rischio di tromboembolia durante il puerperio (per informazioni relative a "Fertilità, gravidanza e allattamento al seno" vedere paragrafo 4.6).
Altre condizioni mediche che sono state associate ad eventi avversi di tipo vascolare comprendono diabete mellito, lupus eritematoso sistemico, sindrome emolitico–uremica e malattia infiammatoria cronica dell’intestino (morbo di Crohn o colite ulcerosa) e malattia a cellule falciformi.
Un aumento della frequenza o della gravità dell’emicrania durante l’uso di un contraccettivo orale combinato (che può essere prodromico di un evento cerebrovascolare) può rappresentare un motivo di interruzione immediata dell’assunzione del COC.
Tumori
In alcuni studi epidemiologici è stato riportato un aumentato rischio di cancro della cervice nelle donne in trattamento a lungo termine con COC (> 5 anni); tuttavia rimane ancora controverso in che misura questo risultato sia da attribuire agli effetti confondenti per l’interpretazione del risultato stesso del comportamento sessuale e di altri fattori come l’infezione da papilloma–virus umano(HPV).
Una meta–analisi di 54 studi epidemiologici ha evidenziato che sussiste un leggero aumento del rischio relativo (RR=1,24) di diagnosi di tumore della mammella nelle donne che usano attualmente COC. Tale eccesso di rischio si riduce nel corso dei 10 anni successivi all’interruzione del trattamento con COC. Poiché il carcinoma mammario è raro nelle donne al di sotto dei 40 anni d’età, il maggiore numero di diagnosi di carcinoma mammario nelle utilizzatrici attuali e recenti di COC è basso in relazione al rischio complessivo di carcinoma mammario. Questi studi non forniscono alcuna evidenza di possibile rapporto di causalità. L’aumento del rischio osservato può essere dovuto ad una diagnosi più precoce del carcinoma mammario nelle utilizzatrici di COC, agli effetti biologici dei COC o a una combinazione di questi due fattori. Il carcinoma mammario diagnosticato nelle donne che utilizzano COC tende ad essere generalmente in uno stadio clinicamente meno avanzato rispetto al carcinoma diagnosticato nelle donne che non hanno mai utilizzato COC.
In rare occasioni sono stati osservati tumori epatici benigni e ancor più raramente tumori epatici maligni nelle donne che hanno assunto COC. In casi isolati questi tumori hanno provocato emorragia intraddominale pericolosa per la vita della paziente. La possibilità di neoplasia epatica deve essere considerata come diagnosi differenziale in presenza di forte dolore nella parte superiore dell’addome, ingrossamento epatico o segni indicativi di emorragia intraddominale nelle donne che assumono COC.
L’utilizzo di COC a più alto dosaggio (50 mcg di etinilestradiolo) riduce il rischio di tumore endometriale ed ovarico. Resta ancora da confermare se tale dato risulta valido anche per i COC a minor dosaggio.
Altre condizioni
La componente progestinica di Drospil è un antagonista dell’aldosterone con proprietà di risparmio del potassio. Nella maggioranza dei casi non sono attesi aumenti dei livelli di potassio. Tuttavia, in uno studio clinico condotto in alcuni pazienti con compromissione della funzionalità renale lieve o moderata trattati in concomitanza con medicinali risparmiatori di potassio, i livelli sierici di potassio sono apparsi leggermente, ma non significativamente, aumentati durante la somministrazione di drospirenone. Pertanto, si raccomanda di controllare il potassio sierico durante il primo ciclo di trattamento in pazienti con insufficienza renale e valori basali di potassio sierico nell’intervallo superiore di normalità, in particolare durante l’uso concomitante di medicinali risparmiatori di potassio. Vedere anche paragrafo 4.5.
Le donne con ipertrigliceridemia o anamnesi familiare positiva per l’ipertrigliceridemia possono essere più a rischio di pancreatite durante l’uso di COC.
Sebbene siano stati riportati piccoli aumenti della pressione sanguigna nelle donne che assumono COC, gli innalzamenti pressori clinicamente rilevanti costituiscono un evento raro. Solo in questi rari casi l’immediata sospensione dell’uso del COC appare giustificata. Se, durante l’uso di un COC in presenza di un preesistente stato ipertensivo, si rilevano valori pressori costantemente elevati o un significativo incremento della pressione sanguigna non risponde adeguatamente al trattamento antipertensivo, il COC deve essere sospeso. Laddove ritenuto appropriato, l’utilizzo del COC può essere ripreso qualora vengano registrati valori normotensivi a seguito della terapia antipertensiva.
È stata riportata la comparsa o il peggioramento delle seguenti condizioni sia durante la gravidanza, sia durante l’uso dei COC, ma l’evidenza di una correlazione con l’uso dei COC non è definitiva: ittero e/o prurito correlato a colestasi; calcoli biliari; porfiria; lupus eritematoso sistemico; sindrome emolitico–uremica; corea di Sydenham; herpes gestazionale; perdita dell’udito correlata a otosclerosi.
Nelle donne con angioedema ereditario gli estrogeni esogeni possono indurre o aggravare i sintomi dell’angioedema.
La presenza di una disfunzione epatica acuta o cronica può rendere necessaria l’interruzione dell’uso dei COC fino al ritorno alla normalità dei marcatori di funzionalità epatica. Una recidiva di ittero colestatico e/o prurito correlato a colestasi, verificatosi precedentemente durante la gravidanza o l’uso pregresso di steroidi sessuali, rende necessaria l’interruzione dell’uso dei COC.
Sebbene i COC possano avere un effetto sulla resistenza periferica all’insulina e sulla tolleranza al glucosio, non vi è evidenza di una necessità di modificare il regime terapeutico nelle donne diabetiche che utilizzano COC a basse dosi (contenenti < 0,05 mg di etinilestradiolo). Tuttavia, le donne diabetiche devono essere monitorate con attenzione, in particolare nelle fasi iniziali di impiego dei COC.
Durante l’uso di COC è stato riportato peggioramento della depressione endogena, dell’epilessia, del morbo di Crohn e della colite ulcerosa.
Occasionalmente può insorgere cloasma, in particolare nelle donne con anamnesi di cloasma gravidico. Le donne con tendenza al cloasma devono evitare l’esposizione al sole o alle radiazioni ultraviolette durante l’assunzione di COC.
Ogni compressa di colore rosa di questo medicinale contiene 44 mg di lattosio monoidrato, ed ogni compressa di colore bianco contiene 89,5 mg di lattosio anidro. Le pazienti con rari problemi ereditari di intolleranza al galattosio, deficit di Lapp lattasi o malassorbimento di glucosio–galattosio che seguono una dieta priva di lattosio devono tenere conto di questa aliquota introdotta con l’assunzione della compressa.
Esame/consulenza medica
Prima di iniziare o di ricominciare il trattamento con Drospil occorre ottenere una dettagliata anamnesi medica personale (e familiare) della donna ed escludere una gravidanza in corso. Deve essere misurata la pressione sanguigna e si deve quindi procedere ad un esame obiettivo completo tenendo presenti le controindicazioni (vedere paragrafo 4.3) e le avvertenze (vedere paragrafo 4.4) riportate. La donna deve essere invitata a leggere attentamente il foglio illustrativo e a seguire i suggerimenti ivi riportati. La frequenza e il tipo di controlli devono essere basati sulle specifiche linee guida ed adattati alla singola paziente.
Le donne devono essere avvisate che i contraccettivi orali non proteggono dall’infezione da HIV (AIDS) o da altre malattie sessualmente trasmesse.
Ridotta efficacia
L’efficacia dei COC può essere ridotta, ad esempio, in caso di dimenticanza delle compresse attive (vedere paragrafo 4.2), di disturbi gastrointestinali durante l’assunzione delle comprese attive (vedere paragrafo 4.2) o di trattamenti concomitanti con altri medicinali (vedere paragrafo 4.5).
Ridotto controllo del ciclo
Con tutti i COC si possono verificare perdite di sangue irregolari (spotting o sanguinamento di rottura), in particolare nei primi mesi di utilizzo. Pertanto, la valutazione di qualsiasi perdita ematica irregolare è significativa solo dopo un intervallo di adattamento di circa tre cicli.
Se le irregolarità persistono o si verificano dopo cicli in precedenza regolari, devono essere prese in considerazione possibili cause non ormonali e applicate procedure diagnostiche adeguate per escludere la presenza di neoplasie maligne o di una gravidanza, incluso il raschiamento.
In alcune donne il sanguinamento da sospensione può non verificarsi durante i giorni di assunzione delle compresse di placebo. Se il COC è stato assunto correttamente, secondo le istruzioni riportate nel paragrafo 4.2, è improbabile che sia in atto una gravidanza. Tuttavia, se il COC non è stato assunto secondo le indicazioni nel periodo precedente alla mancata mestruazione da sospensione, oppure se si sono saltate due mestruazioni da sospensione, è necessario escludere una eventuale gravidanza prima di proseguire l’uso del COC.
Nota: Le informazioni relative ai farmaci concomitanti devono essere consultate per identificare le potenziali interazioni.
• Influenza di altri medicinali su Drospil
Le interazioni tra i contraccettivi orali ed altri medicinali possono indurre sanguinamento da rottura e/o fallimento contraccettivo. Le seguenti interazioni sono state riportate in letteratura.
Metabolismo epatico
Possono verificarsi interazioni con farmaci che inducono gli enzimi epatici, con conseguente possibile aumento della clearance degli ormoni sessuali (ad es. fenitoina, barbiturici, primidone, carbamazepina, rifampicina, bosentan) e medicinali contro l’HIV (ad es. ritonavir, nevirapina) e possibilmente anche con oxcarbazepina, topiramato, felbamato, griseofulvina e preparazioni contenenti l’Erba di San Giovanni (hypericum perforatum). L’induzione enzimatica massima si osserva generalmente in circa 10 giorni, ma può persistere per almeno 4 settimane dopo la cessazione della terapia farmacologica.
Interferenza con la Circolazione enteroepatica
Fallimenti della protezione contraccettiva sono stati riportati anche con alcuni antibiotici, come penicilline e tetracicline. Il meccanismo alla base di questo effetto non è stato chiarito.
Trattamento
Le donne in terapia a breve termine con una qualsiasi delle suddette classi di medicinali o di singoli principi attivi (sostanze induttrici degli enzimi epatici) oltre alla rifampicina, devono temporaneamente usare un metodo di barriera in aggiunta al COC, sia durante l’assunzione del medicinale concomitante sia nei 7 giorni successivi alla sospensione della terapia.
Il trattamento concomitante con rifampicina richiede l’adozione di un metodo di barriera oltre al COC durante il periodo di assunzione della rifampicina e nei 28 giorni successivi alla sua sospensione.
Nelle donne in trattamento a lungo termine con induttori degli enzimi epatici si raccomanda l’adozione di un altro metodo contraccettivo non ormonale affidabile.
Le donne in trattamento concomitante con antibiotici (oltre alla rifampicina, vedere sopra) devono adottare un metodo di barriera nei 7 giorni successivi all’interruzione del trattamento.
Se la somministrazione contemporanea di altri medicinali si estende oltre il termine delle compresse attive contenute nella confezione blister del COC, le compresse di placebo devono essere eliminate e la successiva confezione blister del COC dovrà essere iniziata subito.
I principali metaboliti del drospirenone nel plasma umano vengono prodotti senza il coinvolgimento del sistema del citocromo P450. E’ improbabile quindi che gli inibitori di tale sistema enzimatico possano influire sul metabolismo del drospirenone.
• Influenza di Drospil su altri medicinali
I contraccettivi orali possono interferire con il metabolismo di alcuni principi attivi. Di conseguenza, le concentrazioni plasmatiche e tissutali possono risultare aumentate (ad es. ciclosporina) o diminuite (ad es. lamotrigina).
Sulla base di studi di inibizione in vitro e studi di interazione in vivo effettuati su donne volontarie che usavano omeprazolo, simvastatina e midazolam come substrato marcatore, un’interazione del drospirenone alla dose di 3 mg con il metabolismo di altri principi attivi appare improbabile.
• Altre interazioni
Nei pazienti senza insufficienza renale, l’uso concomitante di drospirenone e di ACE–inibitori o FANS non ha evidenziato un effetto significativo sul potassio sierico. Tuttavia, l’uso concomitante di Drospil con gli antagonisti dell’aldosterone o con diuretici risparmiatori di potassio non è stato studiato. In questo caso, il potassio sierico deve essere valutato durante il primo ciclo di trattamento. Vedere anche paragrafo 4.4.
• Esami di laboratorio
L’uso di steroidi ad azione contraccettiva può influire sui risultati di alcuni esami di laboratorio, tra i quali parametri biochimici di funzionalità epatica, tiroidea, surrenale e renale, livelli plasmatici delle proteine (trasportatrici), ad es. la globulina legante i corticosteroidi e le frazioni lipidiche/lipoproteiche, parametri del metabolismo glucidico e parametri della coagulazione e
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天性心脏病怎么办 先天性心脏病是由妊娠期间胎儿心脏发育缺陷或部分发育停止引起的畸形。 早期预防是减少先天性心脏病发病率的重要手段。 胎儿先天性心脏病怎么办？ 如果妇女在怀孕期间被诊断出胎儿先天性心脏病，则应听从医生的建议。 如果可能，她可以在医生的指导下选择一些更合适的治疗方案，例如普通的超声引导经皮穿刺技术干预。
武汉供卵能接受吗此外，妇女在分娩后也可以治疗胎儿。 此方法是最有效和直观的。 如果患有心脏病的胎儿出生，则需要在治疗前保守观察。如果观察到小直径的儿童且没有继发孔眼的肺动脉高压倾向，那么它们对心脏功能的影响很小，并且可能会自动闭合，可以继续观察3-5岁，然后再考虑手术治疗。建议定期进行检查，例如心脏超声检查，以确定病情的变化。 在治疗先天性心脏病时，有必要全面确定心脏畸形的类型和病理生理变化。 畸形越复杂，需要的手术就越及时。对于患有晚期心脏病和严重疾病的儿童，他们可能需要心脏移植。但是，需要注意的是手术难度较大，手术后容易产生免疫排斥反应，因此请谨慎选择。
叶酸还有几个月过期还能吃吗 对于正处在备孕期的女性朋友，医生会建议从孕前2个月到3个月开始服食叶酸，一直持续到怀孕满三个月之后，每次服用叶酸的时间最好是在早饭后半个小时到一个小时之间，叶酸要选择离生产日期近的为好，如果家里的叶酸还有几个月过期还能吃吗？ 叶酸还有几个月过期，也就是说还在保质期，一般来说，只要是在保质期内就不会有任何问题，可以照常服用，不会对孕妇本身或者胎宝宝造成影响。但是如果叶酸临近保质期，只剩几天有效期的话，就建议重新购置了，因为马上到期的叶酸其药性可能已经发生改变。 众所周知，叶酸可以预防宝宝神经管出生缺陷，也能一定程度上减少孕妈妈患上先兆子痫的几率，因此，备孕期和怀孕早期吃叶酸很有必要，这对胎儿和孕妇本身来说都是很有益处的。但是女性朋友也要注意，服用叶酸不能过量，需严格按照说明服用。 女性不管是处在备孕期，还是说已经成功怀孕，都一定要注意休息，保证睡眠充足，早睡早起保持规律作息、饮食营养一定要均衡。平时可以多吃一些鱼虾以及新鲜的蔬菜和水果，适当走动，增加一些小幅度的运动锻炼，这对女性身体素质的提高有帮助。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Costruzione di una zattera.
CONSIGLI PRATICI
■ Il ponte della zattera può essere realizzato con spessi steli di bambù invece che con tronchi d'albero. Deve essere composto da due strati, perché non si fornisce abbastanza galleggiabilità. Invece di travi da costruzione sopra e sotto il ponte, puoi praticare dei buchi nelle pareti degli steli di bambù e infilarci uno spago, legando insieme il mazzo. Puoi anche legare ogni stelo ai suoi vicini per un rinforzo extra.
■ Prima di varare la zattera è difficile fare previsioni, come galleggerà?. Quando si utilizzano alcuni tipi di legno, la zattera caricata potrebbe affondare leggermente al di sotto della superficie. Finché galleggia, adatto per l'uso.
■ Le zattere sono poco manovrabili. Quando si effettua una virata, è necessario ricordarselo e inclinare bene il timone prima.
■ La zattera non deve urtare sponde e altri ostacoli, perché indeboliscono la sua struttura e possono finire per rompere i legami.
Costruzione della zattera, parte 2
7 Posiziona l'altra coppia di assi da costruzione tagliate sul ponte, tacche in giù, esattamente sopra le travi portanti. Così, ad entrambe le estremità della zattera, il ponte sarà racchiuso da due travi che uniscono l'intera struttura. ricordare, che in acqua le travi dell'impalcato saranno trattenute solo da entrambe le coppie di travi strutturali.
8 Entrambe le coppie di travi a fessura devono essere collegate molto strettamente. I nodi devono essere legati il più strettamente possibile. In tal modo, le travi del ponte saranno compresse dagli elementi strutturali inferiori e superiori a entrambe le estremità della zattera. I nodi dovrebbero essere sulla trave superiore, in modo che possano essere facilmente controllati e corretti dopo l'avvio.
9 Lega le assi di costruzione inferiore e superiore su entrambi i lati della zattera. Fai un nodo piatto.
10 Dai un'occhiata, se la corda lega saldamente le travi e se i nodi sono tenuti saldamente. se hai tempo, è inoltre possibile legare le travi di costruzione negli spazi tra le travi del ponte.
11 Lega due pali spessi trasversalmente. Devono essere abbastanza forti, per sostenere il peso del timone.
12 Una gamba di supporto deve essere incuneata tra le travi del ponte nella parte posteriore della zattera. Se non si adattava, devi attorcigliare i pali sul nodo, incrociandoli con un'angolazione diversa. L'elica al ponte non è ancora attaccata.
13 Un remo fatto a mano servirà da timone. Se vuoi guidare stando in piedi, devi farti una lunga barra legando un bastone al remo dello sterzo.
14 Verificare che il timone sia correttamente posizionato sul supporto. se è così, legalo con uno spago. Il timone e il supporto sono legati alle travi della coperta solo quando sono in acqua, per timore che si rompano quando la zattera viene varata. La zattera dovrebbe essere abbastanza grande, in modo che possa portarti con tutti i tuoi bagagli. Prima di caricare le cose a bordo, controlla che la zattera stia galleggiando.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>If you’ve ever wondered about the difference between a precision scale and an analytical balance then this experiment will be instructive. The document explains the difference between mass and weight and the functioning of the top loading precision scale and the analytical balance. It then goes on to discuss precision, accuracy, significant figures, and error analysis (linked elsewhere), and finally, it explains the experiment that will be used to demonstrate the workings of both these balances. As with instructions on using an analytical balance in other places on our blog, this document too highlights the critical aspect of working with these sensitive measuring devices.
For further information visit www.usna.edu.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>【新唐人】本台香港消息，在一个声讨大会上，前大律师公会主席梁家杰指责23条立法草案的若干条文危害香港稳定，把香港的防火墙打破了。
2月23日，由香港政党"前线"发起的反对基本法23条立法声讨大会，在旺角街头举行，出席的讲者均表示对23条立法的懮虑，同时亦鼓励香港市民勇于表达反对的声音。
前大律师公会主席梁家杰表示，23条草案当中的煽动叛乱罪及禁制机制危害香港的稳定性。
前大律师公会主席梁家杰：一个是煽动叛乱罪的立法建议，另一个是关于禁制机制，两个加在一起其实就将防火墙打穿了。
立法会议员何秀兰则表示，香港政府为23条立法无所不用其极，甚至动用宣传机器。立法会议员何秀兰：政府现在的广告，是用一个文攻的手段，开足了他的宣传机器，等大家淡化，是完全淡化２３条对人民安全的威胁。
主办团体除了在现场发起签名活动，还鼓励市民在23条草案提交立法会的前一个晚上，参加在遮打花园举行的反对立法的烛光集会。新唐人记者在香港报导。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>A cavallo tra gli anni settanta e ottanta, uno degli elementi principali della difesa aerea dell'esercito americano era l'installazione antiaerea semovente M163, basata sulla corazzata da trasporto militare M113 e armata con un cannone 20-mm M61 a sei canne. Questo veicolo da combattimento, creato a metà degli anni '60, non soddisfa più pienamente i requisiti moderni. In particolare, i militari volevano ZSU con maggiore mobilità e manovrabilità in tutti i paesaggi.
Una nuova versione del veicolo da combattimento per la difesa aerea militare è stata proposta all'inizio degli anni ottanta dalla società Standard Manufacturing Company (SMC) di Dallas, pc. Texas. Poco prima, i progettisti della SMC formavano l'aspetto di un telaio polivalente promettente con una maggiore manovrabilità, che poteva essere utilizzato nella costruzione dei più diversi veicoli militari e civili. Nel più breve tempo possibile, l'azienda ha lavorato a diversi progetti preliminari. I potenziali clienti prevedevano di offrire il telaio effettivo, i veicoli di trasporto alla base e diversi campioni con un'arma particolare.
In conformità con la decisione di principio degli sviluppatori, prima di tutto era necessario implementare il progetto di un'installazione semovente antiaerea su un telaio promettente. Una macchina del genere, che si è mostrata bene nella gamma, non solo poteva entrare nelle truppe, ma anche aprire la strada ad altri progetti unificati. Il lavoro di progettazione sulla nuova ZSU è iniziato non più tardi di 1980-82.
Gli esperti della SMC hanno deciso che una promettente pistola semovente dovrebbe portare le stesse armi della macchina esistente M163. La disponibilità del cannone M61 Vulcan si è riflessa nella designazione del progetto. ZSU chiamato Vulcan Wheeled Carrier (VWC) - "Wheel carrier" Volcano. " Successivamente, l'unico prototipo di questa macchina ha ricevuto il proprio nome Excalibur.
Insieme allo strumento esistente nel progetto è stato pianificato di utilizzare le idee più audaci e nuove volte ad ottenere le più alte caratteristiche possibili. Va notato che questo approccio alla fine ha portato a risultati davvero notevoli. La macchina finita differiva dalle altre apparecchiature non solo nella costruzione speciale di singole unità, ma anche nel suo aspetto riconoscibile. Con tutti i suoi problemi specifici, la pistola semovente SMC VWC aveva un aspetto futuristico e sembrava un certo pezzo di tecnologia da un pezzo fantastico.
La pistola semovente si muove su terreni sabbiosi. Foto Ftr.wot-news.com
I progettisti della Standard Manufacturing Company, utilizzando una serie di idee originali, hanno creato un veicolo da combattimento a quattro ruote con una cabina per l'equipaggio caratteristica e un'ampia piattaforma di carico adatta per il montaggio di attrezzature speciali. Nel progetto Vulcan Wheeled Carrier, la piattaforma era destinata all'installazione di un modulo di combattimento a rotazione completa con una pistola automatica. Dal punto di vista dell'architettura generale, il nuovo modello di equipaggiamento militare differiva poco da altri sviluppi dell'epoca.
L'unità principale del telaio prospettico è diventata una struttura piuttosto semplice. Secondo i rapporti, il prototipo VWC non era dotato di armature ed era fatto solo di acciaio strutturale e altri materiali. Una grande cabina non standard si trovava nella parte anteriore dello scafo e dietro c'erano il vano motore ei volumi per installare la trasmissione. Dietro il motore, si trovava un piccolo scompartimento da combattimento, contenente alcuni elementi della torre e il posto di lavoro del mitragliere.
Probabilmente a causa della natura sperimentale del progetto, un nuovo tipo di ZSU ha ricevuto solo una cabina di guida parzialmente chiusa situata davanti allo scafo. Il volume per l'equipaggio era formato da una coppia di fogli inferiori inclinati collegati ai lati bassi e un fondo orizzontale. Mancavano parti frontali superiori; invece avevano un paio di pilastri, ai quali era attaccato un leggero tetto a traliccio. La vetratura era completamente assente, il che, tuttavia, semplificò l'imbarco e lo sbarco.
Il corpo principale aveva una sezione rettangolare con smussi nella parte inferiore. Direttamente dietro la cabina è stata collocata una carcassa leggera della centrale con inserti in rete, dietro la quale si trovava un'unità cilindrica con una tracolla a torre. A poppa c'era una grande cassa rettangolare con una parete posteriore pieghevole. Lungo i lati vennero installati grandi scaffali che fungevano da ali.
Il futuro telaio era equipaggiato con un motore diesel a V a otto cilindri del marchio Detroid Diesel, che sviluppò la potenza fino a 135 hp. Per risparmiare volumi all'interno dello scafo, è stata utilizzata la trasmissione idromeccanica, che ha distribuito la coppia a tutte e otto le ruote motrici. Era una trasmissione simile che consentiva ai progettisti di ridurre l'altezza della vettura mentre otteneva tutte le caratteristiche desiderate. In altre parole, le unità interne dello chassis associate al telaio non interferivano con il modulo di combattimento installato.
Nella nuova famiglia di chassis, gli ingegneri della Standard Manufacturing Company hanno utilizzato l'architettura del telaio originale, nota come Trailing Arm Drive. A ciascun lato dello scafo è stato chiesto a Vulcan Wheeled Carrier di installare quattro ruote sul tipo di sospensione TAD. L'elemento principale di questo progetto è stato il bilanciatore indietro, che assomigliava a dispositivi di sospensione a torsione. Una estremità del bilanciatore è stata proposta per essere montata in modo mobile sul corpo e sulla seconda ruota montata. Dall'alto, con una certa inclinazione in avanti, è stata stabilita la molla collegata alla spalla della leva di bilanciamento. Sotto carico, ha lavorato allo stretching.
Il sistema di bilanciamento del sistema TAD differiva da dispositivi simili per l'aumento delle dimensioni ed era in realtà un raggio cavo. All'interno del bilanciere, alle sue estremità, c'erano due ingranaggi collegati da una trasmissione a catena. Il gruppo di sospensione del bilanciere al corpo includeva l'albero dalla trasmissione di bordo della trasmissione, attraverso il quale veniva fornita alimentazione a una marcia, quindi alla catena, seconda marcia e da essa alla ruota. Per tutta la sua complessità, un tale design del telaio combinava la trazione integrale e il rendimento elevato, fornendo un ampio corso di equilibratura.
Il carrello ha i comandi delle sospensioni. A seconda del terreno, il conducente potrebbe cambiare l'altezza da terra. I bilancieri oscillanti con molle hanno modificato questo parametro da 10 a 22 pollici (254-559 mm). Nonostante il cambio di altezza da terra, la sospensione, in tutte le condizioni, "ha risolto" eventuali irregolarità del terreno.
In fase di progettazione, è diventato chiaro che il ritorno della pistola M61 non corrisponde alle caratteristiche del nuovo telaio. A questo proposit
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game is Capitalism and the winners are those who at some point are able to live off the earnings from their money instead of by the sweat of their brow. This is true freedom and an important lesson for all of our children. Rich kids always save 10 percent of their income and poor kids always spend every last dime!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Most floss is toxic because it is made from nylon, a petroleum-based product, coated with a Teflon synthetic resin – think nonstick cookware – called PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene). Both are carcinogenic and can cause cancer, arthritis, altered immune response, thyroid disease, hyperactivity, hormone imbalance, and reduced fertility.
When I first heard this, I thought “how can a piece of floss cause so many issues?”
Here’s the short version of why certain kinds of floss can harm …. floss that contains PTFE can leave traces of chemicals in your mouth that will either be swallowed or absorbed into your bloodstream through the thin mucosa lining of your mouth; especially if you floss once or twice a day for years on end as many of us do.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Ağ katmanı paketlerinin kaynak ana bilgisayardan hedef ana bilgisayara aktarılması için farklı fiziksel ağlarda geçiş yapmaları gerekir. Bu fiziksel ağlar, bakır teller, mikrodalgalar, optik fiberler ve uydu bağlantıları gibi farklı fiziksel ortam türlerinden oluşabilir. Ağ katmanı paketlerinin bu farklı ortamlara doğrudan erişmenin bir yolu yoktur.
OSI veri bağlantısı katmanı(data-link layer) tarafından tanımlanan hizmetler, iletim için ağ katmanı paketleri hazırlar ve fiziksel ortama erişimi kontrol eder. Bu bölüm, veri bağlantı katmanının genel işlevlerini ve onunla ilişkili protokolleri tanıtır.
Veri bağlantı katmanı, ortak bir yerel medya üzerinden veri alışverişi için bir araç sağlar. Veri bağlantı katmanı, ana bilgisayarlar arasında iletişim için verilerin paketlenmesinden sorumlu birçok üst katman hizmetini, bu verileri medyaya aktarmak için hizmetler ile bağlar.
Bu verileri yerel ortama aktarmak için, veri bağlantı katmanı bunları çerçevelere yeniden paketler ve çerçevelerin ortama erişimini kontrol eder. Tanımlanamayan sayıda fiziksel ortam bulunduğundan, çok çeşitli veri bağlantı katmanı protokolleri, farklı çerçeve türlerini ve medyaya erişimi kontrol etmek için farklı yöntemleri tanımlar. Bazı çerçeve türleri ve veri bağlantı katmanı hizmetleri LAN’lar için iletişimi destekler; diğerleri WAN’lar arasındaki iletişimi destekler. Bazı çerçeve türleri belirli bir ortam türünde kullanılır; diğerleri birden fazla ortam türünde kullanılabilir.
Bu nedenle, veri bağlantı katmanının işlevlerini genelleştirmek kolay bir iş değildir. Veri bağlantı katmanı hakkında bilgi edinmek için, bu bölüm OSI modeli tarafından tarif edildiği gibi veri bağlantı katmanının genellemelerini inceler ve ardından bazı mantıksal topolojiler de dahil olmak üzere farklı veri bağlantısı türleri ve fiziksel teknolojiler hakkında bilgi verir. Son olarak Ethernet, fiziksel ve veri bağlantı katmanlarına örnek olarak sunulmuştur.
Veri bağlantı katmanı iki temel hizmeti yerine getirir:
■ Üst katmanların, çerçeveleme gibi teknikleri kullanarak ortama erişmesine izin verir
■ Ortam erişim kontrolü (MAC) ve hata algılama gibi teknikler kullanılarak verilerin ortama nasıl yerleştirileceğini ve ortamdan nasıl alındığını kontrol eder
Veri bağlantı katmanı, fiziksel bir ağ ortamı üzerinden düğümler (Katman 2’de iletişim kuran cihazlar) arasındaki çerçevelerin değişiminden sorumludur. Bu, paketin bir çerçeveye kapsüllenmesini, çerçevenin medyaya yerleştirilmesini, çerçevenin medyadan alınmasını ve çerçevenin tekrar bir pakete özümlenmesini içerir.
Kaynak düğümde, veri bağlantı katmanı ortam için iletişim hazırlar. Düğümün üst katmanlarının işlevleri, iletişimin hangi ortamı kullanacağının veya iletişimin kaç farklı ortamın üzerinde seyahat edebileceğinin farkında değildir. Veri bağlantı katmanı, yüksek katmanlardaki iletişim süreçlerini uçtan uca meydana gelen ortam geçişlerinden etkili bir şekilde yalıtır.
Ağ katmanı protokollerinin, iletişimin hangi ortamı kullanacağının farkında olması gerekmez. Bir ağ modeli, her katmanın diğer katmanların rolleri için minimum endişe ile işlev görmesini sağlar. Veri bağlantı katmanı, üst katmanları ağa veri koyma ve ağdan veri alma sorumluluğundan kurtarır. Bu katman, verinin iletileceği her ortam için iletişim süreçlerini desteklemeye yönelik hizmetler sağlar.
Herhangi bir ağ katmanı paketinin herhangi bir değişiminde, çok sayıda veri bağlantı katmanı ve ortam geçişi olabilir. Yani, paket farklı ortamlardan geçerken farklı çerçevelere yeniden paketlenebilir. Yol boyunca her bir sıçramda, genellikle bir yönlendirici olan bir aracı cihaz çerçeveyi aşağıdaki gibi işler:
- Bir ortamdan çerçeveyi kabul etme
- Çerçevenin bir pakete dekapülasyonu
- Sonraki medyaya uygun yeni bir çerçeve oluşturulması
- Paketi yeni çerçevenin içinde fiziksel ağın bir sonraki bölümüne iletmek
Her sekmede, alınan çerçeve de hatalar için incelenir. Alınan bir çerçevede bir hata bulunursa, çerçeve atılır. Çerçeve iyi ise, veri bağlantı katmanı paketi üst katman protokolüne, bu durumda IPv4 veya IPv6’ya yönlendirir.
Örnek olarak, aşağıdaki şekil uzaktaki iki ana bilgisayar arasındaki veri iletişimini göstermektedir. İki ana bilgisayar, eş ağ katmanı protokolleriyle (örneğin IP) iletişim kurabilse de, IP paketlerini çeşitli LAN ve WAN türleri üzerinden taşımak için çok sayıda veri bağlantı katmanı protokolü kullanılmaktadır. Bu iki ana bilgisayar arasındaki paket alışverişi, veri bağlantı katmanında bulunması gereken çok çeşitli protokoller gerektirir. Her yönlendiricide, yeni bir ortam üzerinde taşıma için farklı bir veri bağlantı katmanı protokolü kullanılır.
Yukarıdaki şekilde gösterilen cihazlar arasındaki her bir bağlantıda farklı bir ortam kullanılır. İlk bilgisayar ve yönlendirici arasında bir Ethernet bağlantısı vardır. Yönlendiriciler bir uydu bağlantısı üzerinden bağlanır ve dizüstü bilgisayar kablosuz bir bağlantı aracılığıyla son yönlendiriciye bağlanır. Bu örnekte, bir IP paketi PC’den dizüstü bilgisayara giderken, PC’den ayrılan bir Ethernet çerçevesine kapsüllenecektir. İlk yönlendiricide, Ethernet çerçevesi kesilir, işlenir ve daha sonra uydu bağlantısını geçmek için yeni bir veri bağlantısı çerçevesine kapsüllenir. Son bağlantı için paket, yönlendiriciden dizüstü bilgisayara kablosuz bir veri bağlantısı çerçevesi kullanır.
Veri bağlantı katmanı olmadan, IP gibi bir ağ katmanı protokolü, bir dağıtım yolu boyunca var olabilecek her türlü medyaya bağlanmak için hükümler gerektirir. Ayrıca, IP’nin her yeni ağ teknolojisi veya aracı geliştirilişinde uyarlanması gerekecektir. Ağ katmanı standartlarındaki bu sık değişiklik, protokolü ve ağ ortamı inovasyonunu ve gelişimini engelleyecektir. Bu, ağ oluşturmada katmanlı bir yaklaşım kullanmanın önemli bir nedenidir.
Ağ katmanlarının bu izolasyonu nedeniyle, çok çeşitli veri bağlantı katmanı protokollerinin geliştirilmesi devam etmektedir. Veri bağlantı katmanı hizmetleri yelpazesi, şu anda kullanılan tüm medya türlerini ve bunlara erişme yöntemlerini içermelidir. Veri bağlantı katmanı tarafından sağlanan iletişim hizmetlerinin sayısı nedeniyle, rollerini genelleştirmek ve genel bir hizmet grubuna örnekler vermek zordur. Bu nedenle, herhangi bir protokol tüm bu veri bağlantı katmanı hizmetlerini destekleyebilir veya desteklemeyebilir.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Language: French with bilingual abstracts in English and French
Volume 6 includes three contributions:
Le genre Eacles en Guyane française (Lepidoptera: Saturnniidae; Caratocampinae) (Marc Metzger):
On the basis of 11 years of field survey and the examination of French private and public collections (including MNHN of Paris and Musée des Confluences of Lyon), the author concludes that Eacles Hübner, 1819 comprises 8 species in Guiana. All of them are described and illustrated (imagines and caterpillars, obtained by rearing), with the distribution maps in French Guiana, the flight times and seasons and the description of various outstanding specimens.
Les Castniidae de Guyane française (Lepidoptera: Castnioidea) (Frédéric Bénéluz et Jean-Yves Gallard):
Knowledge on French Guiana's Castniidae is reported by the authors. Taxonomy, biology and behaviour of the family are studied in this paper. Eupalamides preissi and Oiticicastnia erycina are reported there for the first time. Confusion in literature between Eupalamides guyanensis and E. cyparissias is discussed.
Le Genre Letis Hübner, sensu lato en Guyane française (Lepidoptera: Erebidae; Erebinae) (Jérôme Barbut, Jean-Marc Iurretigh & Bernard Lalanne-Cassou):
An annotated list of the genus Letis Hübner, sensu lato present in French Guiana is given. The habitus and male and female genitalia of each species are illustrated.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>1895年，华俄道胜银行天津分行在五大道矗立起来，这是中国第一家用瓷砖做外饰面的建筑。当时的大清帝国已经是风雨飘摇之中，沙俄在“遥望神京”的天津卫用皇帝专用的明黄色，此等僭越之事莫说在康乾年间，就是倒退30年也是无法想象的。
图一、中国第一个使用瓷砖作为外墙饰面的建筑---始建于1895年的天津华俄道胜银行。
时光冉冉，124年后小编专门到五大道参观这个中国历史最久远的以瓷砖作饰面建筑，发现不可避免的产生大面积脱落。可见，从瓷砖作为外墙饰面材料进入中国，就伴随着“脱落”这一原罪，当然这是后话，我在下文再说。
中国的国名虽然叫“瓷器（China）”，也以“秦砖汉瓦”著称于世。但”瓷砖”却是不折不扣的舶来工业品，以意大利和西班牙为发源地和正统，起初如此、今日亦然。
图二、图三：中国第一栋瓷砖外墙建筑，避免不了脱落的俗套。
这种材料质地光滑、坚硬，自清洁能力强，用于建筑上显得高冷、瓷实。从美学角度，瓷砖需要粘贴在 “两米靠尺不超过4mm”的墙面上，贴砖墙面光亮平滑，阴阳角横平竖直。
这里还有一个典故：1888年，西班牙建筑师安东尼奥·高迪高迪交付了他第一件建筑作品——维森斯之家（Casa Vicens）。这座住宅属于一位瓷砖厂老板，所以建筑师特意将外表面贴满瓷砖，像产品目录一样展示着他的成就。
加泰罗尼亚现代主义的基石由此奠定，这位信仰“直线属于人类，而曲线属于上帝”的建筑师，后来用瓷砖创造出了一个又一个传世名作。
中国还有一个比意大利、西班牙更适宜用瓷砖的的理由，就是中国有大部分地区处于亚热带和温带的季风气候区，雨热同季，对墙体饰面材料的自清洁性能要求较高。所以在高档幕墙和高档涂料产生之前，瓷砖外墙墙代表着奢华。
图四、金三胖同志到朝鲜千里马瓷砖厂指导瓷砖胶的生产工作。
租界里的豪宅使用，比如吴同文的绿房子。吴同文是建筑大师贝聿铭的九姑父、颜料大王吴同文的绿房子，邬达克设计的，采用民族工业国产的泰山牌瓷砖。
新中国成立，一穷二白，大型建筑绝无今天的石材幕墙反功能主义、反形式主义、反复古主义让旧社会学出来的建筑师们左右为难。加之缺钱少料，建造贴瓷砖的洋房很快成了妄想，一般只建苏联风格的「清水砖墙」——露着砖头、没有墙面装饰的集体住宅。
当然，建筑界的艰苦朴素也有例外，那便是献礼。1958年，中央决定在北京兴建一批公共建筑作为建国十周年的献礼，即所谓十大建筑。仅是全国农业展览馆（43万平方米），北京火车站（25万平方米），人民大会堂（17万平方米）三个项目加起来，就已经超过明清两朝的皇宫面积（72.5万平方米）。
十栋建筑集举国之力，极尽当时的审美和工艺，在一片砖瓦房中傲然而起。其中就有两栋用上了雪白的瓷砖作为外墙装饰——民族文化宫、农业展览馆。
民族文化宫的设计师张镈将「亭、台、楼、阁、塔」集于房顶造型，展现了繁复的民族风。但同时因为怕犯政治错误，踏三反雷区，建筑主体十分简单、方正，外墙也没用昂贵的石料，选用瓷砖覆盖。
图五、邬达克大师为贝聿铭大师九姑父设计的“绿房子”，用绿色瓷砖罩面。
周恩来看到最终设计的民族文化宫微模型：民族文化宫用点儿民族形式，不犯错误嘛。
经历了六七十年代不寻常的时代后，1980年代，改开和市场化带来了各地搞活经济开厂子的热潮。瓷砖以土为原料，看起来正适合国土面积辽阔而又一穷二白的中国。土有了，那么就差机器了。
此前，陶瓷产业在中国还不能工业出道，大小陶瓷厂分散各地，多生产陶瓷日用器皿，或工艺美术品。如一贯有制陶传统的佛山石湾，制陶手艺高，装饰用的陶瓷狗头甚至是陶瓷手雷都做得出来。但面对西方工业技术生产条件下的建筑瓷砖，一筹莫展。
根据当时被派去意大利考察的技术人员霍达忠的回忆，1978年，当佛山这些祖辈从事陶瓷烧制的手工匠人看到从香港搞来的一块意大利瓷砖——耐酸碱、耐磨、易清洗，全都看傻了、吓呆了、唬尿了。
佛山耐酸陶瓷厂成为了第一家从意大利进口整线建陶装备的中国厂商，1982年末，终以207万美元的价格成交，要是用来买82年的拉菲可以买8万3千瓶（当年拉菲一瓶25美元左右）。
图六、这都是90年代最牛X的建筑。
这条生产线，每年可以生产30万平方米瓷砖，之前要烧制20多个小时的工艺，一下缩减到50分钟。全国各大陶瓷产区纷纷效仿。中国瓷砖的红火年代宣告开始。不到十年，中国便成为了世界上第一大瓷砖生产国。
八九十年代，各地政府兴建的公共建筑首当其冲披上瓷砖外墙：政府大楼、法院、学校、医院……以及公厕。尤其是各级别办公大楼，设计、造型、质量都是当地公房建筑的形象工程。瓷砖外墙就是城市的脸面。
当有了现代化的陶瓷墙地砖以后，中国人将它贴在外墙表面、甚至是高层建筑的外墙，浑然不顾中国大部分地区处于季风带，风、热、湿、冻融等气候现象都很极端。
厚重的瓷（陶）砖贴到外墙上，既要克服自重、又要面对极端天气，其安全性就受到很大挑战。上世纪八十年代以后，中国的建筑行业出现突飞猛进的发展，在八十年代末、九十年代初，中国的大量公用建筑以及一部分高档民用建筑采用瓷砖作为外墙装饰材料，通常是240mm*60mm釉面砖。
当时采用传统的工艺，用水泥：砂子=1:2.5的比例调制的砂浆，将瓷砖粘贴到墙上。八、九十年代的这些外墙已经经历了二、三十年的风霜雨雪，目前不断地出现脱落事件，每年都会有砸死人的故事发生，已经成为“建筑杀手”。
图七、大连大商男店（青泥8号），是大连的一个著名商业网点，90年代的瓷砖墙
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瑞克先生，我的处境你应该非常明白。目前我相当于是流亡在卡纳维亚。现在卡纳维亚人对我还算尊重，因为我手里有士兵有武器。
如果当他们被消耗殆尽的时候，我将一无所有。”
“正因为如此，我才建议你不要因小失大。吉兰多，你如果想打，那就必须要打下来。而不是损耗人手却久攻不下，最终给奥鲁米联邦提供一个能够在东线立住脚的前沿城市。”林锐厉声道。
“可是瑞克先生……将军也有将军的难处……”那个军官有些无奈的低声道。
“闭上你的嘴！我在跟罗根将军说话，不是跟你。安莫尔之战实际上就是因为你们这些低级的参谋乱出主意，才导致了今天这样的局面。”林锐毫不客气的道。
那个军官讪讪的闭上了嘴，看着罗根将军。
“那以你的看法，现在我们应该怎么办？”罗根将军咬着牙道。
林锐低声道，“目前只有尽全力拿下吉兰多，你应该知道吉兰多是卡纳维亚连通安莫尔的重要城市。你如果还想打回安莫尔，就先必须控制住吉兰多。
奥鲁米联邦军可以用吉兰多作为入侵卡纳维亚的跳板。你也同样可以利用吉兰多作为反攻安莫尔的前哨站。
如果你还想重返安莫尔，光复整个安莫尔地区。现在这个时候就不能畏首畏尾，心存保存实力的想法。”
“可是，我们如果在这次战斗中损耗过大的话，将会严重削弱我们的实力。”罗根将军迟疑道。
“将军，有战斗就会有损失。没有听说过一点伤亡没有而获得全胜的。但是你想清楚，吉兰多靠近安莫尔边境，而在安莫尔，很多人依然视你为英雄，是你为拯救按摩的唯一人选。
如果你占领了吉兰多，你的部队将更加容易获得补充。安莫尔境内依然有众多你的支持者，他们会聚集到吉兰多成为你的部下。
但你如果还是守在卡纳维亚境内，接下来不可能不遇到战斗，而且规模将会更大，损失也将会更严重。就是你如何补充你的部队？
在卡纳维亚招募卡纳维亚士兵？这些卡纳维亚人有多少愿意为你而战的，而安莫尔又有多少心甘情愿为你而战的人？
从吉兰多到按摩只有20多公里。想想在你占领了吉兰多之后，会有多少安莫尔青年参加你的部队。”林锐解释道。
罗根将军沉默良久，终于点了点头，“瑞克先生，你希望我提供多少兵力用于此次战斗？”
“至少需要4000人。”林锐冷静的回答。
“这已经相当于我们的一半兵力，我们不能把所有的希望全押在这一次战斗上。这不是战争，这是在赌博。”罗根将军手下的军官吃惊地道。
“战争不是赌博，但是有一个特性和赌博一样，那就是你投入多少，才可能有多少回报。
投入2000兵力，换来一场惨败，还是投入4000兵力，占领吉兰多，并且站稳脚跟。哪一种行为更符合目前贵军的利益，将军应该知道怎么做。”林锐慢慢的地图前走开。
“好吧，好吧，我答应你的要求。不过我也有要求。”罗根将军抬起头道，“我需要你保证，能够拿下吉兰多。”
“如果你要我保证这一点，那么就得把所有的指挥权都交给我。包括你的部队所有军官都得听我的命令行事。”林锐考虑了一下。
罗根将军来回踱步，最终点了点头，“我同意，由你担任此次战役的总指挥。但是你最好记住，我不接受失败。”
“明白了，我想我得跟你手下的军官们见见面，召开一次作战会议。明确一下计划和分工。如果你们有计划的话。”林锐回答道。
“当然，我的副官会带你们过去。他就在外面等着，去找他吧。”罗根将军点点头。
在林锐出去之后，罗根将军一言不发的拿出了一支雪茄，默默的点着，吸了一口。
“将军……”他身边的那个军官忍不住道，“这跟我们事先商量好的可不一样。投入这么多兵力，如果失败了，我们的实力等于要打一个对折。”
“我明白。”罗根将军吐了一口烟，恶狠狠的道，“所以绝不能失败。另外刚才瑞克有一句话提醒了我。
那就是吉兰多的作用，我们可以用吉兰多成为我们反攻安莫尔的重要城市。
另外一点就是他所说的兵员，我之所以想着保存实力，就是因为我们的兵源问题。我们会打一点，少一点。
但如果靠近安莫尔，我们征兵的压力就会减少很多。奥鲁米联邦军对我们安莫尔的奴役，会激起更多安莫尔人的不满。而这种不满，会让更多的人加入我们。
战争的损失不可避免，真正打起仗来减少伤亡，只是一种美好的想象。
每一次战斗都会有人死，都会有人受伤，战斗力会逐渐削弱。如何得到补充才是解决这个问题的根本。”罗根将军低声道。
“这么说将军已经决定了。”军官看着罗根将军道。
“没错，与其在这里一点一点被消耗，不如拿下吉兰多，打通卡纳维亚和安莫尔之间的交通要道。
告诉安莫尔人民，我们依然在战斗。我们也需要他们的支持。”罗根将军咬着雪茄道。
“可是，你真的要把部队的指挥权全部交给那些佣兵？”军官依然有些不太放心。
“论忠诚，他们肯定比不上我们自己的人。但是要论打仗，光靠忠诚是没有用的，我需要真正能打恶仗的人。
而他们这些黑岛军事公司的雇佣兵，是我见过最能打的。别忘了在安莫尔的时候，他们以少数兵力坚守阿尔卡恩市的战例。
我谁都不相信，但我相信他们的能力。也许他们的这次作战，将是我们安莫尔军的一个转机。”罗根将军低声道。
“那个坚守阿尔卡恩市的雇佣兵就是他？”军官吃惊的道，“就是刚才那个瑞克？”
罗根将军点点头，“就是他，而且我相信这次他也不会让我失望。”
章节错误,点此报送(免注册), 报送后维护人员会在两分钟内校正章节内容,请耐心等待。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>MINISTERS are to encourage Welsh schools to use organic food in pupils' meals as a way of boosting organic farming in the principality.
Launching the proposals for new nutritional standards in school meals last week, Welsh education minister Peter Hain said: "Far too many children live on junk food. A diet of chocolate bars, crisps, additives and processed food is often the norm.
"This is as damaging to school performance in the short term as it is to health in the long term."
The proposed minimum standards, which are similar to those issued for consultation in England last September, envisage guidance for three ages of children. The least detailed guidance would be for those under five, who would have to be offered at least one item from each of the main food groups: protein, fresh vegetables or salad or fruit, carbohydrates, and full fat.
For primary-age pupils, the guidelines specify portions by weight from each of the main groups and also suggest offering fruit juice every day, fish at least once a week and cooking in fats and oils low in saturated fats.
At secondary level, the guidelines stress low-fat foods, proposing "a carbohydrate item which was not chips or other fried potatoes," and reduced-fat dairy products.
Responses to The Best for School Meals are required by the end of April. The Welsh Assembly, which comes into being on May 1, will consult on draft regulations later in the year.
The Government is committed to ensuring that all LEAs and schools are providing food to the new standards by May 2002 but exactly when they become compulsory in Wales will be decided after consultation.
In England, the new standards become compulsory this autumn.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Günün Ruh Hali: Keyfin Yerinde . Evli bir Oğlak burcuysan, pazar gününe eşine kahvaltı sürprizi ile başlayabilirsin. Gün boyunca geçireceğiniz keyifli vakitler için aradığın enerjiyi bulacaksın. Zamanın hızlı bir şekilde akıp geçmesi, seni biraz üzebilir. Aile üyelerinin seni başka biriyle kıyaslaması, kendini savunmanı kolaylaştırabilir. Kariyer planlaması için her fırsatı değerlendiriyorsun. Eski okulundan öğretmenlerinle yeniden iletişime geçebilirsin.
Oğlak
21 ° Güneşli<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>وزیر کار، تعاون و رفاه اجتماعی در حاشیه دومین جشنواره حمایت از تولید ملی (حاتم) در جمع خبرنگاران گفت: نمایندگان محترم مجلس شورای اسلامی در قالب بودجه ممکن است تغییراتی اعمال کنند، اما هنوز تکلیف اجرایی به دولت نرسیده است.
وی با بیان اینکه پرداخت یارانه ۷۲ هزارتومانی در برنامههای دولت نبوده است، تصریح کرد: به نظر من برای ایجاد یک شرایط مطلوب باید از هرگونه تشویش در ذهن مردم جلوگیری کنیم و شرایطی فراهم کنیم تا کسانی که درآمد ثابت، پایین و متوسط دارند، مطمئن باشند که پرداخت یارانه و کمک معیشتی، برنامه با ثباتی است که میتوانند روی آن حساب باز کنند و تا حد امکان دستخوش تغییرات نشود.
در جریان بررسی لایحه بودجه در کمیسیون تلفیق مجلس، طرحی به تصویب رسیده که براساس آن یارانه نقدی از ۴۵ هزار و ۵۰۰ تومان به ۷۲ هزار تومان در سال آینده افزایش پیدا میکند. این به معنی حذف پرداخت جداگانه یارانه معیشتی است که از آبان امسال به مشمولان پرداخت میشد.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>La via si imbocca all'angolo di una casa torre, affacciata su Via Astino.
Il percorso iniziale e' dolce, ma poi, superata Via del Celtro (dal dialetto selter e dal latino ciltrum cioe' arco), diventa stretta e un poco più ripida, fino a trasformarsi in una scaletta selciata, che termina su una strada asfaltata che si connette con Via Sudorno (toponimo medioevale che rimanda al culto del dio Saturno).<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>|English for Beginners Practical English Travel English Telephone English Banking English Accounting English Dictionary|
|Audio English.org » Dictionary » A » Astrophysicist ... At Peace|
Dictionary entry overview: What does at most mean?
• AT MOST (adverb)
The adverb AT MOST has 1 sense:
1. not more than
Familiarity information: AT MOST used as an adverb is very rare.
Dictionary entry details
|Sense 1||at most [BACK TO TOP]|
Not more than
at most; at the most
spend at most $20 on the lunch
at least (not less than)
|Learn English with... Proverbs of the week|<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Alanyaspor'un mağlup ederek çıkışa geçmek isteyen Trabzonspor, bu maça oldukça dikkatli hazırlanıyor. Futbolcuları kritik sınava hazırlayan İhsan Derelioğlu'nun Davidson için özel önlem alacağı belirtiliyor. Maç eksiğine rağmen ligin en fazla gol atan (15) takımı olan Alanya'da 29 yaşındaki Brezilyalı hücumcu fileleri 6 kez sarstı. Derelioğlu'nun 1.77 boyundaki yıldızı kilitlemek için tedbirler aldığı belirtiliyor.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Top Yarı zamanlı Yüksek Lisans Programları içinde Eğitim Liderliği New South Wales Avustralya 2019
Öğrenciler lisans derecesi aldıktan sonra yüksek lisans programına katılarak derece alabilirler. Yüksek lisans derecesi almak için genelde 12 ile 18 ders gördükten sonra kapsamlı bir sınava girmeniz yada tez hazırlamanız gerekmektedir.
Eğitim liderlik, okul yöneticilerinin çalışmaları içermektedir ve sorumlulukları geniş bir yelpazeye yayılıyor. Bu görevler okul programları ve uygulama değişiklikleri iyileştirmek için planları üzerinde çalışan nezaret öğretmenler ve ilgili profesyoneller, içerebilir. özel görevler bir örnek iyileştirilmesi için sorunları ve planlama belirlemek için raporları kullanarak içerebilir.
Avustralya sadece 23 milyon bir topluluk olmasına rağmen dünyada yabancı öğrencilerin en büyük üçüncü numarası vardır. Bu güçlü akademik kimlik, ama Avustralya kurumlar gibi yüksek şehirler olarak sıralanır olduğunu anavatanı etrafında ev onları.
Yarı zamanlı Yüksek Lisans Program içinde Eğitim Liderliği New South Wales Avustralya'da
1 Sonuçlar Eğitim Liderliği, New South Wales Filter
Gelişmiş Eğitim Yüksek Lisansı (Eğitim Liderliği) şu anda eğitim liderliği rollerinde olan veya okullar, erken çocukluk, yüksek öğrenim ve mesleki eğitim gibi eğitim ortamlarında liderlik pozisyonları sürdürmek isteyenler içindir. Bu derece boyunca, geniş kapsamlı pratik beceriler ve eğitim liderliği ve yönetimi konusunda ileri teorik bir anlayış kazanacak ve bunu bir eğitimci olarak uygulamanıza nasıl uygulayacağınızı öğreneceksiniz. Yeni eğitimcilere danışmanlık, müfredat ve değerlendirme yönetimi, personel gelişimini destekleme ve lider organizasyonel değişim gibi alanlarda becerilerinizi geliştireceksiniz. Bu derece boyunca, hızla değişen bir eğitim ortamında karmaşık sorunları araştırma ve çözme becerilerini geliştireceksiniz. Ayrıca, işinize ve ilgi alanlarınıza uygun, kişiselleştirilmiş bir araştırma projesi yürüteceksiniz.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>This article examines how different circuit material characteristics, configurations and fabrication influences can affect the performance of a printed circuit board at millimeter wave frequencies.
Millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies are being used more and more, for short-range links and high data-rate near field communications (NFC) applications. Suppliers of mmWave integrated circuits (IC) are supporting this growth with more cost-effective components and improved performance. For circuit designers working with these higher frequency ICs, it is important to understand the limits and capabilities of the printed circuit boards (PCBs) and circuit materials that will be used at mmWave frequencies. Numerous PCB issues – insertion loss, dispersion, suppression of spurious wave propagating modes, signal launch effectiveness, fabrication methods – can affect the performance of a circuit at mmWave frequencies. This report will briefly review some of key PCB parameters and what to consider in a PCB material slated for use at mmWave frequencies.
Microstrip vs. GCPW
mmWave circuits can be quite complex, performing transmit and receive functions with advanced modulation, and with frequencies through 77 GHz being used more routinely for short-range applications. However, all of these high frequency circuits share the need for transmission-lines to connect mmWave ICs to power supplies, antennas, input and output ports and other circuits. In general, microstrip and stripline transmission-line technologies are used in microwave circuits through about 30 GHz, while grounded coplanar-waveguide (GCPW) transmission-line technology is used for circuits above 30 GHz. Figure 1 compares microstrip and GCPW transmission-line approaches for a single circuit dielectric layer with metalized ground and circuit conductors. In actual applications, a PCB is more likely to be multilayer, with microstrip or GCPW circuitry on the outer layers of the multilayer construction.
In general, microstrip circuits are susceptible to radiation at mmWave frequencies, where a well designed GCPW circuit is less likely to radiate or suffer radiation loss. Yet, microstrip transmission-line circuits are less likely to have performance affected by PCB fabrication tolerances at mmWave frequencies than GCPW circuits. Fabrication tolerance issues can also be a function of frequency. Transmission lines used for 60 GHz communications backhaul can be affected less by fabrication tolerances than transmission-lines for automotive radar at 77 GHz (with their finer dimensions at higher frequencies).
Effective Dielectric Constant
The comparison is not so much related to the frequency difference of these applications but to a critical circuit property that will change from circuit-to-circuit due to PCB fabrication effects. One circuit property that is prone to change more for a GCPW circuit than for microstrip, due to PCB fabrication effects, is the effective dielectric constant. This is the dielectric constant exhibited by an electromagnetic (EM) wave on the transmission-line due to the EM fields propagating through a combination of the dielectric substrate material (with a dielectric constant of greater than 1) and the air around it (with a dielectric constant of 1). Variations in the effective dielectric constant will affect signal phase through the circuit, causing phase variations. For the transmission-line used for 60 GHz backhaul, variations in phase are important but not as critical as for 77 GHz automotive radar. This may be one reason why 77 GHz automotive radar applications typically use microstrip structures.
One PCB fabrication parameter that causes circuit-to-circuit variation of effective dielectric constant and changes in the phase response is from the variation of copper plating thickness. When a PCB employs plated-through holes (PTH), e.g., for ground connections, the holes are drilled from top to bottom through the PCB. The holes are plated with conductive copper, resulting in lot-to-lot and even circuit-to-circuit copper plating thickness variations. The thickness variations have minimal impact on the effective dielectric constant of microstrip transmission lines. However, since GCP
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حیم، اقدام ضدامنیتی است
مدافع سلامت بیمارستان سلمان فارسی بوشهر به همکاران شهیدش پیوست
3 آبان روز سازمان ملل متحد + تاریخچه، اهداف، ارکان و منشور سازمان ملل
بی بی سی بایدن را پیروز انتخابات آمریکا معرفی کرد
شماره 98 فصلنامه «نقد و نظر» منتشر شد
مدافع سلامت بیمارستان سلمان فارسی بوشهر به همکاران شهیدش پیوست
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انتشار کتاب «وحدت اسلامی از دیدگاه قرآن و عترت» به قلم آیت الله حکیم
وزیر فرهنگ: نهیب رهبری را تا سال 1400 از یاد نبریم
روند شکل گیری پروژه باغ هنر بم | آخرین وضعیت میراث ماندگار استاد شجریان در بم
دوران امام عسکری(ع)سخت وطاقت فرسابود/بسترسازی برای قیام امام زمان
گزارش زاکانی از جلسه 5 ساعته با طراحان استیضاح روحانی/ چرا با استیضاح همراه نبودم؟
واکنش مشاور روحانی به صحبت های فرمانده سپاه
کنایه آشنا به منتقدان دولت
دیدار جمعی از همسران شهدای انقلاب اسلامی با خانواده شهید محمدی
ذوالنوری پس از تذکر صریح رهبر انقلاب هم عذرخواهی نکرد
عادی سازی روابط با اسراییل، اهانت به ارزشهای انسانی است
واکنش کدخدایی نسبت به انتخابات آمریکا
به بهانه ماهِ ربیع
برگزاری مسابقه «سیره سیاسی امام رضا(ع)» به 4زبان زنده دنیا
آیت الله رحمت: حاج آقا مصطفی امید امام و اسلام بود
حرکت کاروان سلامت در روستاهای محروم لامرد
نماینده جدید ولی فقیه در سوریه معارفه شد
حال و روز ما بعد از سر زدن به اینستاگرام!
توضیح نماینده مجلس درباره اصل ماجرای صید ترال
بررسی وضعیت بیمه آسیب دیدگان کرونا در کمیسیون اجتماعی مجلس
واکنش توییتری مشاور روحانی به صحبت های فرمانده کل سپاه؛ حرف حق...
پدر اولین شهید انقلاب اسلامی در رفسنجان به لقاءالله پیوست
افشاگری علی مطهری از پشت پرده تعطیلی هشتم ربیع الاول
پلیس بازوان توانمند دستگاه قضایی است
دیدار روسای اصناف با جهانگیری
ضرورت ایجاد آرایش نوین جنگی در دستگاه های ذی ربط برای مقابله با کرونا
تصاویر/ حضور مدیر حوزه علمیه قزوین در منزل شهید مدافع حرم زکریا شیری
انتخابات آمریکا موضوعی است داخلی که ایران علاقه ای به دخالت در آن ندارد
نگرانی ها از پر شدن قبرستان مسلمانان در بیرمنگام
کدخدایی:انتخابات آمریکا موضوعی داخلی است/ ایران علاقه ای به دخالت ندارد
پیام تسلیت سردار حاجی زاده در پی درگذشت رزمنده دوران دفاع مقدس
پارلمان عراق پیوست قانون جدید انتخابات را تصویب کرد
تاکید استاندار خوزستان بر اقدام جدی تر فرمانداران در مقابله با کرونا
هیچ پادزهری جز برادری انسانی برای نژادپرستی وجود ندارد
ممنوعیت دوساله صید ترال در خلیج فارس و دریای عمان
افشاگری علی مطهری از پشت پرده تعطیلی هشتم ربیع الاول
سه رقمی شدن مرگ های کرونایی در تهران/داغ ترین نقاط انتقال ویروس
وزیر فرهنگ: تا پایان فعالیت دولت تدبیر و امید این نهیب را از یاد نبریم
تاکید استاندار خوزستان بر اقدام جدی تر فرمانداران در مقابله با کرونا
رحیم نیکبخت: شهادت آقا مصطفی باعث تسریع در انقلاب شد
محلات اهواز هفته آینده شاهد خدمات رسانی جهادی دولت و قرارگاه خاتم الانبیا است
راه اندازی مراکز نقاهتگاهی برای کاهش بار بستری بیماران کرونایی در بیمارستان ها
محمدعلی نجفی به کدام زندان منتقل شده است ؟
ناجا و سپاه در کنار یکدیگر، برای خدمت به کشور
اقدامات خلاقانه دادسرای قم در حمایت از محجورین و کودکان بدسرپرست
آقای قالیباف!خود را مصداق انتقاد رهبری بدانید /در بداخلاقی ها شریک هستید وقتی سکوت می کنید
کدخدایی: ایران علاقه ای به دخالت در انتخابات آمریکا ندارد
سه رقمی شدن مرگ های کرونایی در تهران/ فروشگاه های زنجیره ای و پاساژها؛ داغ ترین نقاط انتقال ویروس
دیدار رؤسای صنوف با معاون اول رییس جمهور
اخلالگران اقتصادی تحت پیگرد خواهند بود /با قوت و قدرت در کنار پلیس هستیم
سخنگوی شورای نگهبان: ایران لزومی به دخالت در انتخابات آمریکا نمی بیند
برگزاری همایش برای حوزه انقلابی لازم است؛ اما کافی نیست/ باید تربیت انقلابی انجام دهیم
پیام توییتری سخنگوی شورای نگهبان به ترامپ
پیام توییتری سخنگوی شورای نگهبان به ترامپ
هرگونه تغییر در ژئوپلیتیک مرزی، خط قرمز ایران است
درخواست فرمانده عملیات کرونای پایتخت از رییس جمهور برای آرایش جنگی در تهران برای مقابله با کرونا
وزارت امور خارجه کشورمان: جهان باید یکجانبه گرایی و زورگویی را رد کند
رادیو معارف راوی روزگار دراز رنج می شود
هفته آینده محلات اهواز شاهد خدمات رسانی جهادی دولت و قرارگاه خاتم الانبیا است
نورافشانی تپه نورالشهداء درسالروز امامت، ولی عصر
خدمت در بسیج ارزش بزرگی است
تازه ترین آمار کرونا در کرمان/ داستان طولانی نان برای رسیدن به سفره/ پیرغلام امام حسین (ع) به دیدار معبود شتافت
کارکنان ناجا در برقراری نظم و امنیت مانند مجاهد در راه خدا هستند
تاثیر نتیجه انتخابات سوم نوامبر بر اقتصاد ایران
آخرین وضعیت سهام عدالت جدید
آخرین وضعیت سهام عدالت جدید
هشدار صریح مقام بلندپایه سپاه به طرف های درگیر در جنگ قره باغ
آخرین وضعیت پرونده ضرب و شتم دختر آبادانی
10میلیون ایرانی زمین 200متری می گیرند؟
آخرین وضعیت پرونده ضرب و شتم دختر آبادانی
تاثیر نتیجه انتخابات سوم نوامبر بر اقتصاد ایران
سه رقمی شدن مرگ های کرونایی در تهران/داغ ترین نقاط انتقال ویروس
آقای قالیباف!خود را مصداق انتقاد رهبری بدانید /در بداخلاقی ها شریک هستید وقتی سکوت می کنید
محمدعلی نجفی به کدام زندان منتقل شده است ؟
هرگونه تغییر در ژئوپولوتیک مرزی، خط قرمز ایران است/ استقرار یگان هایی نیروی زمینی سپاه
هفته ششم اردی ویزه| نیمکت نشینی قوچان نژاد مقابل ویلم تیلبورگ
ببینید: حال و روز ما بعد از سر زدن به اینستاگرام!
10میلیون ایرانی زمین 200متری می گیرند؟
ذوالنوری: تبعیت از فرامین الهی رهبر عزیز را از اوجب واجبات می دانم<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>1
büyük bir sakatlık geçirmezse, talihsizlikler ağını örmezse önümüzdeki on yıla kesinlikle damga vuracağını düşündüğüm, hollanda'nın ajax takımında yer alan, belçika milli takım formasını giyen ve sahanın defansif hemen her tarafında (sağ/sol bek, defansif orta saha, defansın ortası) oynayabilecek kadar yetenekli genç futbolcu. uzaktan isabetli ve sert şut atabilme kabiliyetinin yanında topu son derece de iyi kullanma meziyetine sahiptir. günümüz futbolunun aranılan adamı bu genç çocuk; forvete koy forvet bile oynar, o derece.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>گنبد سلطانيه
ميراث جهاني يونسکو
در مسير زنجان به تهران و در فاصلهي سي کيلومتري زنجان، در سمت راست جاده، گنبدي عظيم خودنمايي ميکند. گنبد سلطانيه يادآور شکوه و رونقي است که در حدود هفتصد سال پيش در اين شهر جريان داشته است. حمدالله مستوفي در نزهتالقلوب ميگويد: «قبل از حملهي مغول در سلطانيهي فعلي هيچگونه اثر ساختماني نبود و اين ناحيه به شکل مرغزار و چمنزار بوده است.
سلاطين مغول پس از استقرار در ايران و پايتخت قرار دادن تبريز، کمکم براي شکار و گذراندن ايام تابستان بدان سو روانه ميشدند و با برافراشتن چادرها، ايام استراحت تابستاني را در آنجا سپري ميکردند. به همين جهت، اين محل چمنزار يا شکارگاه شاهين ناميده ميشد. کمکم پادشاهان بعدي بهخاطر خوش آب و هوا بودن مکان مزبور، تصميم به ايجاد تأسيسات و ساختمانهايي براي اسکان خويش، لشگريان و اطرافيان خود گرفتند».
در اواخر قرن هفتم هجري قمري ارغونخان، چهارمين ايلخان مغول، دستور ساخت قلعهاي با دور باروي ١٢٠٠٠ گام از سنگ تراشيده در منطقهي سلطانيه را صادر کرد. براي ساخت اين قلعه که داراي کاخ سلطنتي و خانههاي متعدد بود، هزاران نفر از معماران و هنرمندان از تبريز به اين منطقه آمدند. ارغونخان در حاليکه ساخت قلعه به پايان نرسيده بود، در آن رحل اقامت افکند و مدتي بعد درگذشت. پسرش غازانخان در ابتدا قصد داشت کار نيمهتمام پدرش را به انجام برساند، وليکن بنا به دلايلي از اين کار منصرف شد و مجدداً تبريز را به پايتختي برگزيد. او بعدها تصميم گرفت در محل سلطانيه، شهري جديد و همچنين براي خودش آرامگاهي مجلل بسازد.
بعد از مرگ او، فرزندش اولجايتو در سال ٧٠٢ هجري قمري تصميم گرفت به آرزوي پدرش جامهي عمل بپوشاند. اولجايتو براي تسريع در ساخت شهر، در محل سلطانيه چادر زد تا مستقيماً پيشرفت امور ساخت شهر را زير نظر بگيرد و بالاخره در سال ٧١٠ هجري قمري کار ساختمان شهر سلطانيه به پايان رسيد. اولجايتو به همين مناسبت، جشن مفصلي گرفت و اين شهر را سلطانيه يعني محل سلطنت شاهان ناميد. اولجايتو بعد از مدتي اسلام آورد و خود را «سلطان محمد
خدابنده» ناميد. بعد از مرگ وي، سلطانيه رو به زوال گذاشت و سرانجام با حملهي تيمور گورکاني ويران شد. البته به احترام سلطان محمد، تيمور آرامگاه او را مورد دستبرد قرار نداد.
اطلاعات ذيل تا حدودي مبين وضعيت و اهميت گنبد ميباشد:
– يکي از بزرگترين بناهاي آجري جهان از نظر قدمت
– تاريخ ساخت: در فاصلهي سالهاي ٧٠٤ تا ٧١٣ هجري قمري
– ارتفاع گنبد: ٤٨ متر
– قطر گنبد: ٢٥ متر
تزئينات گنبد
نمونهاي از تزئينات نقاشي رنگي
در ساخت گنبد از تزئينات مختلفي استفاده شده که برخي از آنها عبارتند از:
– تزئينات آجري
– کاشيکاري
– تزئينات گچي
– نقوش اسليمي
– تزئينات چوبي
– تزئينات نقاشي رنگي
– مقرنس
– تزئينات سنگي
البته غير از تزئينات گنبد، کتيبههاي متعددي در داخل و بيرون گنبد وجود دارد که شامل اسامي «الله»، «محمد»، «علي» و تعدادي از آيات قرآن و احاديث است.
اساس طرح بنا بر عدد ٨ قرار دارد. هر چند علت دقيق انتخاب اين عدد معلوم نيست، ولي به احتمال زياد به علت ساختن ساعت آفتابي يا ايجاد ايستايي مستحکم در بنا مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است. ساعت آفتابي، نظر به اهميت تشخيص زمان براي انجام امور مذهبي در ساختمان گنبد تعبيه شده است. به اين ترتيب که اگر نور خورشيد از سوراخ اصلي گنبد بتابد هنگام اذان ظهر است. همچنين نوري که از پنجرههاي بزرگ ميتابد نشاندهندهي ساعت و نور پنجرههاي کوچک مبين دقيقه است.
گنبد سلطانيه از نگاه مستشرقين
پروفسور آندره گدار بناي مزبور را اينگونه شرح ميدهد: «به يقين عاليترين نمونهي معماري مغول و يکي از بهترين دستاوردهاي معماري اسلامي ايران و از نظر فني شايد جالبترين آنان است».
نمونهاي از نقوش اسليمي بهکاررفته در بدنههاي داخلي گنبد سلطانيه
پروفسور پائولزي نيز معتقد است: «مطمئن هستيم که گنبدي را که بيش از صد سال بعد از ساخت گنبد سلطانيه يعني سال ١٤١٨ و ١٤١٩ ميلادي توسط برونلسکي و گيبرتي بر روي کليساي
سانتاماريا دلفيوره زده شده، از فرم و نحوهي ساختماني گنبد سلطانيه متأثر گرديده است. چون گنبد سلطانيه تنها نمونهي گنبد دوجدارهي متوازي است که اينجانب در تمام آسيا ميشناسم. بنابراين، اثر آن بر روي تنها گنبد اروپايي از اين نوع گنبد يعني گنبد برونلسکي انکارناپذير است». وي در جاي ديگري ميافزايد: «رابطههاي معماري دو بناي گنبد سلطانيه و کليساي سانتاماريا دلفيوره را به هم نزديک ميکند مثلا که هر دو داراي يک نقشهي مرکزي و گنبدي دوجدارهاند».
گنبد سلطانيه تا کنون چندبار در زمان صفويه و قاجاريه مرمت شده است و در حال حاضر هم تعميرات اساسي آن هنوز ادامه دارد. در پايان گفتني است که در اجلاس اخير کميتهي ميراث جهاني يونسکو، اين گنبد در فهرست ميراث جهاني قرار گرفت.
اين بنا مسجدي است بسيار زيبا از حيث معماري و تزيين و بزرگي در دنيا مشهور است. گنبد مزبور در پنج فرسخي سمت شرقي شهر زنجان در داخل باروي شهر قديم سلطلانيه قرار گرفته و بنايي است هشت ضلعي که طول هر ضلع آن ۸۰ گز است. هشت مناره نيز در اطراف گنبد دارد.
و قديميترين گنبد دوپوش موجود در ايران است. رنگ گنبد آبي است. بر روي اين اضلاع گنبد بلندي قرار گرفته که ارتفاع آنرا ۱۲۰ گز نوشتهاند. در قسمت بالايي آن ساختمان دور تا دور اطاقها و غرفهها ساختهاند. خود گنبد از کاشيهاي فيروزهاي رنگ پوشيده و سقف داخل اطاقهاي بالا با گچبريهاي و آجرهاي رنگارنگ تزيين يافته است. در حاشيه طاقها آيات قرآني واسماالله با خط جلي نوشته شدهاست. حكاكيهايي در آجرهاي ديوارها و سقفهاي رنگين بنا نيز ديده ميشود.
نماي داخلي گنبد سلطانيه
تزيينات و نحوهي ساخت اين مقبره در واقع نقطهي عطفي در معماري آن دوران بوده به اين شكل كه سبكي جديد را در معماري بهوجود آورده كه از معماري سلجوقي منفک شده است.
ساخت اين گنبد در سال ۷۰۲ هجري قمري به دستور الجايتو در شهر سل
طانيه، پايتخت آن زمان ايلخانيان آغاز شد و در سال ۷۱۲ هجري قمري به اتمام رسيد.
بعضي از تاريخ نويسان نوشته اند سلطان محمد خدابنده اين گنبد و بناي عظيم را بناکرد که اجساد ائمه اول و سوم شيعيان يعني علي و حسين را از آرامگاهاي خود به آنجا منتقل کند. ولي به علت خوابي که ديد از اين عمل منصرف شد.
دالانهاي تودرتويي در سردابهي اين بنا موجود است كه حدس زده ميشود براي اجراي مراسم خاصي به كار ميرفته. حتا حدس ميزنند كه سلطان محمد خدابنده پس از مدتي از اسلام روي برگردانده و دوباره به اصل خود برگشته و شمنپرست شده و اين دالانها و فضاها براي اجراي مراسم مذهبي خاص پس از مرگ وي بوده است. البته جسد وي نيز به جاي دفن در سردابه، در كوههاي اطراف دفن شده است.
گنبد سلطانيه در شهر سلطانيه قرار دارد و در فهرست آثار ميراث جهاني به ثبت رسيدهاست و شامل سه بخش اصلي ورودي، تربتخانه و سردابه است.
گفته ميشود در ساخت گنبد بزرگ شهر فلورانس از اين گنبد الگوبرداري شده است. بناي اين گنبد كه بعد از گنبدهاي سانتامارينا و اياصوفيه سومين گنبد بزرگ د
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းတော်ကြီး) or Glass Palace, is the largest and considered one of the most beautiful apartments of the Palace. It is believed to be King Mindon's principal living apartment of the palace. Like all the Throne rooms, it is divided by a wooden partition into two rooms.
In the east room is the Bee Throne (Bhamarasana), so called because it was adorned with figures of bees in the small niches at the bottom of the pedestal. This was where the ceremony for the nomination of the Chief Queen and the Royal nuptial were held. It was also where the king and queen celebrated the Burmese New Year, and where the formal ear piercing of young princesses took place. The body of King Mindon was laid out in this room for viewing after his death in 1878.
The west room, which was formerly divided into several smaller ones, was the principal living room of Mindon, and no other persons were allowed to sleep there except the four principal queens, to each of whom was appointed a room near the royal bed-chamber, which consisted of a small room surmounted by a pyatthat, or small spire consisting of seven superposed roofs similar to the Golden Spire over the Lion Throne Room on the cast of the Palace. This pyatthat was of gilt copper. On each side of this spired-room were constantly kept open two white umbrellas. The ladies-in-waiting of the Glass Palace were, by turns, stationed around the west room to wait upon. Their Majesties; they, whether princesses or minor queens, were not allowed to enter this room with slippers on or with their golden umbrellas: they had to leave these at the entrance with their attendants.
In the time of King Thibaw, Queen Supayalat had a small room to herself in this west room of the Hmannan.
- ^ a b John Falconer, Luca Invernizzi, Daniel Kahrs, Elizabeth Moore, Luca Invernizzi Tettoni, Alfred Birnbaum, Joe Cummings (2000). Burmese design & architecture. Tuttle Publishing. p. 70. ISBN 9625938826, 9789625938820.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Mandalay Palace" (PDF). Directorate of Archaeological Survey, Burma. 1963. http://www.lib.washington.edu/myanmar/pdfs/MP0001A.pdf. Retrieved 2006-08-22.
- ^ a b Kyaw Thein (1996). The Management of Secondary Cities in Southeast Asia. Case Study: Mandalay. UN-Habitat. ISBN 9211313139, 9789211313130.
- ^ Vincent Clarence Scott O'Connor (1907). Mandalay and Other Cities of the Past in Burma. Hutchinson & Co.. pp. 6–9.
- ^ Bird, George W. (1897). Wanderings in Burma. London: F. J. Bright & Son. p. 254. http://dlxs.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=sea;cc=sea;sid=f7c73dc350626ca80c0cf1c8ff80315f;rgn=full%20text;idno=sea282;view=image;seq=360.
Mandalay Palace · Kanbawzathadi Palace
- Wanderings in Burma by George W Bird, 1897 F J Bright & Son, London
HistoricalAmarapura Palace · Innwa Palace · Shwebo Palace · Sagaing Palace
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>介绍：
电子音乐（Electronic Music），是使用电子乐器以及电子音乐技术来制作的音乐；而创作或表演这类音乐的音乐家则称为电子音乐家。
电子音乐起源可追溯至19世纪晚期到20世纪早期，随着时代变迁，科技的进步为...
介绍：
电子音乐（Electronic Music），是使用电子乐器以及电子音乐技术来制作的音乐；而创作或表演这类音乐的音乐家则称为电子音乐家。
电子音乐起源可追溯至19世纪晚期到20世纪早期，随着时代变迁，科技的进步为电子音乐的发展起到了至关重要的作用，众所周知的电音是指近现代电子音乐作品。一般而言，可使用电子机械技术与使用电子技术制作的声音来区别。使用电子机械制造声音的设备有电传簧风琴、汉门式电风琴与电吉他；而纯粹的电子声音制造设备则有特雷门、声音合成器与电脑
电子音乐一度几乎完全与西方，特别是欧洲的艺术音乐连结，但自从1960年代晚期以后，因为摩尔定律造就了可负担得起的音乐科技，意味着使用电子方式制作音乐变的越来越在各国不同区域流行的领域普及与发扬起来。今日的电子音乐包含各式各样以及范围从实验艺术音乐到流行形式如电子舞曲
与常见纯粹电音不同，此歌单内歌曲将英文人声糅入电音，是人声与电音的搭配融合
清新人声与劲爆电音有时候并不冲突
电音弥补了单纯人声的平淡
人声为电音添加了一丝柔和
当两者相遇
就像可乐和曼妥思的激情碰撞
而后是比单纯电音更加具有张力的歌曲
两者完美融合，相得益彰
带来的是更加富有动感的节奏和听觉上的享受
电音因其鼓点分明、节奏感强的显著特点，导致听歌时容易不自觉地抖腿。
说到抖腿，“做一些有节律性的重复动作，从而‘激活’自己，输送更多神经递质到突触间隙，加快神经元之间的传递速度，更快更稳定地激活更多脑区……因而有种分析说抖腿实际上帮助大脑提高认知功能，从而增加做事的效率，并且在一定程度上，可以缓解焦虑等不良情绪。”
当众抖腿是一种不雅且失礼的行为，而在不影响他人的前提下抖腿缓解压力进而放松，也是一件妙事。
那么，为你心中的“小缝纫机”提供充足的动力，来一次将英文人声完美融入的电音旅行～
ps：歌单不定时更新，极个别单曲并不属于电音甚至可能还不清新，但依旧让腿很抖就是了_(:з」∠)_
封面出自：WLOP《鬼刀》<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>On Passover, we read from the Book of Exodus in the Torah explaining the Hebrew’s years of enslavement and the struggle it took to free them. G-d sent Moses to ask Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses II to “Let my people go.” When the Pharaoh refused, the Lord sent down 10 plagues:
Scholars have debated how these occurred and scientists have interestingly found scientific explanations for each. This is what they found:
The water of the Nile turned to “blood”. It was undrinkable. One theory is the red clay could have been washed into the river and tributaries, or “Red Tide”, an algae bloom of Oscillatoria rubescens, for example, turned the water red. Moreover the algae can release toxins that kill nearby fish. Once the water is unlivable……
Frogs swarmed into the towns and homes. One theory suggests that since frogs like to live near the water, the toxicity and smell caused them to move from the waterways to the towns. The quantity of frogs still needs an explanation but how many of us see one spider in our house and claim the whole residence is “infested”……
Infestations occurred as the next plague and could be explained by the above two. The frogs eat insects and keep the populations in control when they hang out by the marshes and rivers. The drought and unlivable water conditions cause the frogs to leave and eventually die, so insects go unchecked.
Swarms of flies encompassed the fourth plague. Scientists explain this from the lack of competing insects and frogs not around to eat them. They, in turn, fed on the dead frogs.
One would think the Pharaoh would have given in by now but he didn’t. The fifth plague caused death of Egyptian livestock. Insects carry disease and swarms of them could have caused the livestock to become diseased. Moreover, water sources were becoming scarce as well.
Egyptians became infected with boils on their skin. Insects carry disease, lack of clean water and food could make one susceptible and pathogens can enter into societies and cause epidemics. One theory suggested a smallpox outbreak occurred. Researchers found small pox scars on recovered mummies and postulated that 3000 years ago an epidemic could have occurred.
The plague of hail and fire must have been a scary one. Many have postulated that hail and fire raining from the sky could have occurred from a nearby volcano. If that’s the case why not make “volcano” the plague. But interestingly, 3500 years ago the Santorini volcano north of Crete in the Aegean Sea, erupted. And for those of us who saw Dante’s Peak, there was ash falling everywhere.
Locusts swarmed the landscape. If a volcano was nearby, I’d head south too.
The ninth plague was darkness. Without light, temperatures drop, work can’t be done, crops won’t grow. Scientists suggest this could have occurred from an eclipse, dust storm, or the plume of smoke from the volcano.
The tenth and final plague was the death of every Egyptian first-born. Scientists have some difficulty explaining this one except for many first born were out the fields helping the adults when the pestilence, boils, etc. ensued. Another theory suggests the grain stores became contaminated and the first born might have had first pick of the grain, becoming sick first.
The Bible is rich with history and lessons and such a work needs no explaining. But there are those who like to mesh science with the Bible. So for all of us celebrating our ancestor’s exodus and freedom from slavery, Happy Passover.
Everyone fractionally clones themselves into a new body every night in stage 4 sleep, when stem cells wake and rebuild all organs and tissues. They need the 300 plus building blocks and six plus hormones to accomplish this process. Thus, everyone past seven years old is a fractional copy of themselves, based on their informational template in genetics and epigenetics. Everyone is a seven year old!
During sleep, the brain sends signals to the stem cells to rebuild every organ and tissue of the body at night. These signals are transmitted through the telomeres on the end of chromosomes to the ion channels that turn on the induction of messenger RNA. If all of the 300 biomolecules and 6+ hormones are present, the body can regenerate itself and fractionally clone into a new body every seven years every seven years, every seven years. Deliver performs and supplies some of the biomolecules such as retinol for the eye to be able to see and perform vision, but most of biomolecules are not present and therefore the process of photocopying or copping the body into a new cell and tissue structure is deficient and results in the process we call aging.
Life is a dance between biophotons from the telomere at the end of your chromosomes and ion channels that let into the nucleoplasm holding DNA and allowing minerals and amino acids to stimulate production of mRNA to make structural proteins and enzymes. Epigenetic origami makes all tissues, organs and individual persons.
7% of our DNA codes for 32,500 proteins which are structural or enzymatic. Enzymes are folded proteins around a model atomic mineral to make or break bonds. The other 93% of DNA was considered harmonic or resident DNA and previously was referred to as junk DNA. This form of DNA is the structural diagram of how to build organs and tissues and may be considered epigenetic origami hierarchical DNA. As a result of this process all living things depend on the present production of structural proteins and enzymes and the nonlinear stochastic fuzzy logic parallel processing information transfer across ion channels membranes in real time in picoseconds to regulate the size and structure of organs in real time.
We can optimize the fractional cloning process by providing substance and signal to optimize the dance of LIFE. NutriMed formulas and Red Deer Velvet DR, pat pending, can provide these building blocks, minerals and amino acids. Lumen Inlight and eGFT epiGenetic Frequency Therapy can provide the biophoton stimulus to permit entry via ion channels and DNA induction of messenger RNA, mRNA, to make the template for enzymes and structural proteins.
Linus Pauling, father of DNA and Stereochemistry, completed a lifetime of research showing plasma mineral resonance can induce healthy adaptation and genetic induction to provide healing proteins and enzymes for organs and tissues. Dr Bill Deagle now can provide these customized formulas based on Quantum Information Body QRMA and Metapathia scans, lab kits and imaging, and functional history review. EpiGenetic signals can open ion channels and stimulate cellular communication and augment the information hologram of a healthy organ and body, regenerating you into a new better copy of your DNA and epiGenetic template of you! Take advantage of a consult, testing, and customized regenerative services to be the best you can be tomorrow and many years to come!
Future weekly articles, will be presented here to A4 M to instill a new broader picture of what the dance of life is as a dance between bio photons and ion channels controlling the informational holographic body that produces the process we call life. His hope of these articles will inspire new science look in the informational body that is pressing into and in control of the enzymatic and structural body. My research has shown that harmonic frequencies and picomoles microamps and mappable the body and are deterministic of whether specific organs and tissues can receive in metastasis or allowed autoimmune disease or process to occur. There is often decide anomia associated with a resident changes in the thermographic evaluation at the skin and therefore the informational body is more important than has been previously identified and quantum testing of different frequency patterns of the body can determine whether disease or wellness is permitted by the specific resident frequencies.
Beloved physicist Stephen Hawking passed away early Wednesday morning. He was 76 years old. Hawking long suffered from ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), aka, “Lou Gehrig's disease.” He was diagnosed in his early twenties and doctors gave him 3 years to live. The neurological disease affects the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movement. And the disease is progressive, meaning the symptoms get worse as time passes. There is no cure and it is known to ravage bodies quickly. So when doctors told Dr. Hawking that he had 3 years to live, that was a pretty fair estimate.
Instead, Dr. Hawking lived with ALS for 55 years even though it reduced his muscle control such that he could only blink his eyes and twitch a finger. He retained his mental faculties and became a giant in his field. How did Stephen Hawking live so long with ALS? According to King’s College clinical neurology professor Nigel Leigh, it was probably because D. Hawking was diagnosed so young. In the British Medical Journal Leigh states, “We have found that the survival in younger patients is strikingly better and is measured in many years - in some cases more than 10.”
From my limited understanding of the medical research behind ALS it sounds as if most of those with ALS become symptomatic in their 40’s or later, and then don’t live long. The younger you become symptomatic the longer you can survive. That being said, living 55 years with ALS seems like something of a miracle.
Hey, wasn’t that ice bucket challenge thing all about ALS?
It was! I’m glad you remember. I’m sure many of you recall the ice bucket challenge (IBC) from 2014. A challenge where you pour an icy bucket of water over your head OR you donate money to ALS research OR you do both. It quickly went viral with celebrities piling up to perform their version of the IBC. Patrick Stewart’s was my favorite. The viral challenge was deemed a colossal success and raised $115 million for ALS research. Here is the video of Stephen Hawking and his family participating in the IBC.
Much has been written about Professor Hawking, movies have been made, documentaries have been produced, he’s authored best selling books, he’s been published in many, many science journals and magazines. I will leave it up to you to find them.
ALS ravaged Dr. Hawking’s body but thankfully left his mind intact. And what a great mind it was. Dr. Hawking, I will always remember you, as yourself, on Star Trek: TNG.
Rest in peace.
A few words from his friends and colleges from their twitter accounts:
Dr. Bill Nye (Science Guy):
“While here on Earth, Dr. Hawking made pondering the cosmos and our place within it commonplace. The extraordinary became everyday. Although his time was brief, his work changed the world.”
Dr. Neil Degrasse Tyson:
“His passing has left an intellectual vacuum in his wake. But it's not empty. Think of it as a kind of vacuum energy permeating the fabric of spacetime that defies measure. Stephen Hawking, RIP 1942-2018.”
Matt Selman, Executive Producer The Simpsons:
“Farewell to Stephen Hawking, the most intelligent guest star in the brief history of The Simpsons.”
Official Big Bang Theory account:
“In loving memory of Stephen Hawking. It was an honor to have him on The #BigBangTheory. Thank you for inspiring us and the world.”
GCN proudly welcomes Michio Kaku’s long running radio program Science Fantastic to our weekly line up! Professor Kaku probably needs little introduction but introduce him I must. And so, from Wikipedia:
Professor Kaku is a Japanese American theoretical physicist, futurist, and popularizer of science. He is professor of theoretical physics at the City College of New York and CUNY Graduate Center. Kaku has written several books about physics and related topics, has made frequent appearances on radio, television, and film, and writes online blogs and articles. He has written three New York Times best sellers, hosted several TV specials for networks around the world and since 2006 has broadcast his radio program Science Fantastic -- previously syndicated by Talk Radio Network and now, beginning at midnight on Saturday December 30th will be nationally syndicated by the Genesis Communication Network - that would be us. =)
The Science Fantastic show page will be up on the GCNlive site ASAP with more program and affiliate information to follow.
We’re very excited to have Professor Kaku join the team and we hope you’ll tune in to -- Science Fantastic!
Greetings interstellar traveller / hyperbolic asteroid 1I/2017 U1, welcome to our solar system!
Technically you’ve been here for quite a while just passing through, drifting about
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本文来源：AG手机客户端-www.iamuwa.com<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>It uses a java programming language based scripting language and JSP are produced into java servelets the very first time they are invoked. JSP pages may call JavaBeans, EJB components, RMI objects, DBC objects to perform processing on the server. Example JSP page may contain HTML that display static text message and graphics, as well as a method call to JDBC item that access database, when the page is displayed in the user's browser.
Features of JSP
JSP technological know-how follows the write as soon as run anywhere rule that's the basic of the java language>
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Applications made using JSP technology are easier to maintain.
ASP hosting is a server-side scripting environment which uses the Active Server Internet pages (ASP) technology. It is designed for dynamic web pages and applications, offering a vast array of functionalities for web developers. ASP hosting is normally hosted for a Windows server, typically a great NT server, and can be fully integrated into an Internet Information Server (IIS) or even PWS. The concept of ASP is equivalent to scripts such as Espresso Server Pages (JSP) and CGI that enables web pages to cooperate with databases and programs inside web server. An ASP web page is easily identifiable along with the. asp extension on your URL.
OR NET hosting works in similar way as other server-side scripting technological know-how. When your web browser sends its request on the web server, the web server will call ASP which would process the requested report. It would run every script commands and successively sends the requested web page back to the browser. Hence, it is the server who runs all the requests and sends the requested HTML pages returning to the browser.
ASP hosting provides a platform for web developers to explore their own creativity and design customized web solutions. Web developers would be able to tap on Microsoft's coding technologies and design internet pages with powerful features. ASP hosting is also considered as an attractive hosting solution along with the availability of free video tutorials on the Microsoft web site. This is extremely useful designed for beginners as they can learn the basic skills of working using ASP technologies.
It is also possible for ASP hosting to remain run on non-windows operating systems such as UNIX. Will you require a scripting terminology? (Simple web pages might not need scripts to develop dynamic content) The one that?
OR NET (Active Server Internet pages)
JSP (Java Server Pages)
For those who have your answers to just about every question, based on your needs for your web site, you can be fully armed to select the best hosting service it is possible to afford.
hosting dfWhen building a web site or web application that's driven by tiny because Java specifications like JSP, Servlets, JSF you will likely also be looking for a host that specializes in JSP Hosting.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>گروپ از نیروهای تخریب اوکراین در منطقه زاپروژیا تارومار گردید+ویدئو
11:31 11.11.2022 (بازآوری شدن: 11:50 11.11.2022)
© AP Photo / Rodrigo AbdУкраинские военнослужащие. Архивное фото
© AP Photo / Rodrigo Abd
جزوتام هاوان روسیه مستقر در منطقه نظامی جنوبی روسیه گروپ از خرابکاران اوکراینی را در یکی از نقاط منطقه زاپوروژیه منهدم کرد.
به گزارش اسپوتنیک، ویدئوی فعالیت محاربوی این قطعه هاوان در خط مقدم جبهه منتشر شده است.
قوماندان قطعه هاوان گفت: ما از نیروهای موتردار حمایت میکنیم. اهداف جنگی آنها کشف و منهدم میشود.
وضعیت در خط مقدم در منطقه زاپروژیا کمافی السابق نگران کننده است. چند هفته است که در انتظار آغاز حمله نیروهای اوکراینی در آنجا هستند اگرچه فعلاً وضعیت پایدار است. قوماندانی این منطقه جدید روسیه در اواخر اکتوبر اطلاع داد که انتظار میرود، شهر انرگودار، محل استقرار قوای هستوی زاپرو ژیا و شهر بردیانسک به دو جهت اصلی حمله احتمالی دشمن تبدیل شوند.
تا به امروز، بیش از 70 فیصد از منطقه ژاپروژیا آزاد شده است. همزمان، مرکز منطقه، شهر زاپروژیا، همچنان تحت کنترل نیروهای اوکراین قرار دارد.
از 24 فبروری، روسیه عملیات نظامی ویژه ای را برای نازی زدایی و غیر میلیتاریزه کردن اوکراین جریان دارد. رهبر روسیه هدف آن را "حمایت از مردمی خواند که به مدت هشت سال مورد تحقیر و نسل کشی رژیم کیف قرار گرفته اند." هدف نیروهای مسلح روسیه آزادسازی دونباس و تضمین امنیت خود روسیه است.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Testo a capo non regolare l'altezza di riga in Excel
IMPORTANTE: il presente articolo è stato tradotto tramite un software di traduzione automatica di Microsoft ed eventualmente revisionato dalla community Microsoft tramite la tecnologia CTF (Community Translation Framework) o da un traduttore professionista. Microsoft offre articoli tradotti manualmente e altri tradotti automaticamente e rivisti dalla community con l’obiettivo di consentire all'utente di accedere a tutti gli articoli della Knowledge Base nella propria lingua. Tuttavia, un articolo tradotto automaticamente, anche se rivisto dalla community, non sempre è perfetto. Potrebbe contenere errori di vocabolario, di sintassi o di grammatica. Microsoft declina ogni responsabilità per imprecisioni, errori o danni causati da una traduzione sbagliata o dal relativo utilizzo da parte dei clienti. Microsoft aggiorna frequentemente il software e gli strumenti di traduzione automatica per continuare a migliorare la qualità della traduzione.
Clicca qui per visualizzare la versione originale in inglese dell’articolo: 149663
In Microsoft Excel, se si modifica manualmente l'altezza di una riga e quindi formatta una cella della riga va a capo del testo, Excel non modificare l'altezza della riga in modo che il testo nella cella.
Sintomi
Questo comportamento si verifica se è stato modificato manualmente l'altezza della riga.
Cause
Per regolare l'altezza della riga in modo che il testo in una cella, attenersi alla seguente procedura:
Workaround
- Selezionare la riga che si desidera regolare l'altezza.
- InMicrosoft Office Excel 2003 e nelle versioni precedenti di Excel, scegliere riga dal menu formato e quindi fare clic suAdatta.
In Microsoft Office Excel 2007 e versioni successive, fare clic sulla scheda Home , fare clic su formatonel gruppo celle e quindi fare clic su Adatta RowHeight.
212010 Non è possibile utilizzare la funzione di adattamento automatico delle righe e colonne che contengono celle unite in Excel
Questo è il comportamento previsto.
Status
XL2003 XL2007 XL2010 XL2013
Nota: questo è un articolo a "PUBBLICAZIONE RAPIDA", creato direttamente all'interno dell'organizzazione di supporto Microsoft. Le informazioni contenute nel presente documento vengono fornite "così come sono" in risposta alle problematiche riscontrate. A causa della rapidità con cui vengono resi disponibili, i materiali possono contenere errori di battitura e sono soggetti a modifica senza preavviso, in qualsiasi momento. Per altre considerazioni, vedere le Condizioni per l'utilizzo.
Avviso: questo articolo è stato tradotto automaticamente
Proprietà
ID articolo: 149663 - Ultima revisione: 10/11/2015 07:43:00 - Revisione: 2.0
Microsoft Office Excel 2003, Microsoft Office Excel 2007, Microsoft Excel 2010, Microsoft Excel 2013
- kbci kbcip kbmt KB149663 KbMtit<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>How can television help students in their studies? (Continuous Writing, SPM 2006)
Children and teenagers love watching television. Most of them spend more time watching television than doing other activities [general discussion]. Television can help students in their studies depending on the types of programmes watched by them [thesis statement].
First of all, there are many educational programmes on television which can help students in their studies [stating first point]. These programmes are carefully constructed by the creative producers to make them interesting. Besides, talented presenters as well as interesting visual and sound make it easier for the students to understand and retain the knowledge learned [elaborating first point]. ASTRO Tutor TV is a very good example. There are revision programmes for every subject taught in school. Students can learn many tips and do the exercises given in effort to prepare for public examinations such as UPSR, PMR and SPM [providing details and examples to support first point].
Apart from that, the students’ language skills can be improved by watching television programmes [stating second point]. Watching English movies, dramas and sitcoms will provide the students with the input which will help them improve their English Language [elaborating second point]. “Oh My English”, a popular programme on ASTRO, is a sitcom about a replacement teacher from England trying to teach English to a group of mischievous students. While watching this sitcom, students will have the opportunity to learn English in context where common errors are highlighted and corrected in a fun way [providing details and examples to support second point].
Last but not least, various documentaries shown on television can inspire the students to do well in their studies as well as in their future lives [stating third point]. Watching these documentaries can create interest in the subjects learned at school [elaborating third point]. For example, watching a scientific documentary about the stars and the universe can inspire the students to excel in science subjects. Consequently, they might become scientists when they grow up [providing details and examples to support third point].
In conclusion, watching good programmes on television including educational programmes, movies or documentaries can help students in their studies [restating main points]. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that students have watching television as one of the activities in their daily schedule [emphasize the importance of topic].<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>成功退休的财务策略 是一个三门课程的系列，重点是你如何 为舒适的退休生活做好准备. 这个信息研讨会将向您介绍一些概念和策略，这些概念和策略可能会对您有所帮助 处理日常财务,有可能 减少税收, 管理你的投资. 更重要的是，它将讨论如何评估你目前的财务状况和 制定个性化的计划 这可能会帮助你实现长期和短期的财务目标. 成功退休的财务策略 关注你今天和未来可能面临的重要财务问题和担忧. 适当的计划会对你有帮助 为一个舒适的财务未来做好准备.
成功退休的财务策略 是由金融服务专业人士在北美举办的. 你们当地的教练是艾赛·弗格森 注册理财规划师™ 和专业. 他经营着自己的私人诊所 投资的概念他在金融服务业工作了6年.投资的概念<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>نویسندگی
شاید برای افرادی که به نوشتن داستان یا شعر علاقمند هستند، عجیب باشد که چرا باید نویسندگی غیر داستانی را هم بیاموزند. اما تسلّط بر نویسندگی غیر داستانی برای هر نویسندهای لازم است.
برای اینکه بتوانید نویسندهی خوبی باشید، نوشتن کافی نیست. بعضی از افرادی که در ابتدای مسیر نوشتن هستند، گمان میکنند برای اینکه نویسنده شوند، فقط لازم است بنویسند و از خواندن غافل میشوند. اما باید بدانید که این تفکّر کاملاً اشتباه است.
کتاب پرنده به پرنده توسط آن لاموت نوشته شده. آن لاموت نویسنده ای است که کتاب های بسیاری از او چاپ شده و مدرس دوره های نویسندگی هم هست. در این کتاب درس های زیادی درباره نویسندگی وجود دارد و برای نويسندگان تازه کار، خواندن آن بسیار کمک کننده است.
آنافورا یک آرایه ادبی یونانی است.آنافورا یعنی تکرار یک واژه یا عبارت در ابتدای چند جمله.
در این تمرین شما ابتدای یک داستان را برای دارید و خودتان ادامه اش را می نویسید. می توانید یک جمله یا پاراگراف ابتدایی را نوشته و آن را ادامه بدهید.من ادامه جمله اول داستان " در این گوشه" از کتاب " سبزپری" نوشته پرویز دوائی را انتخاب کرده و نوشته ام.
این صفحه در مورد جدیدترین یافته ها و آموخته های من در مورد " نوشتن " است. به تدریج هر مطلب جدیدی را که یاد بگیرم به این صفحه اضافه می کنم.
یکی از تمرین هایی که در کارگاه محتوا انجام می دهیم، تمرین " نمایشنامه نویسی تک پرده ای " است. این تمرین باعث می شود خلاقیت شما افزایش پيدا کند و در دیالوگ نویسی مهارت پیدا کنيد. از این نوع نمایشنامه می توانید برای آموزش یا معرفی محصولات و خدمات خود استفاده کنید.
معرفی کتاب و نکات مهم آن
حتماً لازم نیست نویسنده باشید تا بنویسید. نوشتن می تواند در زمینه های مختلفی به شما کمک کند.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>罐头食品经过适度的杀菌后，不含有致病性微生物，也不含有在通常温度下能在其中繁殖的非致病性微生物。这种状态叫做商业无菌。
商业无菌的检查一般是在根据产品PH范围进行相应的温度保温后，对保温中已经胀袋或胖听的产品可直接判读为不符合商业无菌要求；如果生产需要判断胖听的原因，则进行微生物鉴别培养！
但对于保温后正常的产品，需在无菌状态下进行留样后，对感官与PH进行检查（PH变化一般以0.5为标准），通常下都要进行镜检，看是否存在细菌增殖现象，如果有细菌增殖，则将留样品进行细菌培养了。如果镜检也良好，则可直接判断商业无菌！
因为《罐头食品商业无菌的检验》标准把审查生产操作记录作为检验步骤的一部分,检验检疫机构只有在审查生产操作记录的基础上,对加工出来的罐头食品实施抽样、样品保温、开罐检验和一系列涉及微生物检验的检测程序,并综合这两部分的结果,得出受检罐头食品是否商业无菌的评定结论。
而该标准所要求审查的生产操作记录，恰恰都是罐头食品生产加工过程中与其安全卫生质量密切相关的关键控制点的记录。对罐头食品加工过程关键点监控的规范化管理，直接导致了生产加工记录的规范化，以及于2000年发布实施的《出口罐头检验规程―――记录》标准的出现。
罐头食品商业无菌要求就是将原料经过特定的处理、烹调、装罐、密封等过程制成的食品，鹌鹑蛋罐头具有真空度，是经过适度的热杀菌处理后达到的商业无菌。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>11 Kasım İstanbul Maratonun da travmaya maruz kalmış çocuklara destek olabilmek için koşacağım.
Benimle birlikte bu minik kalplerin elinden tutup, onlara iyi insanların olduğunu göstermeye yüzlerinde bir umut bir gülümseme olmasına katkıda bulunmak istermisiniz?
Eğer Nehir Ozdemir isen, şifren ile bu sayfaya giriş yaparsan seni desteklemek için bağış yapanların isimlerini görebilirsin. (Bu liste kişiye özeldir ve sadece kampanyayı açan gönüllü koşucu bu listeyi görebilir.)<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>1.
آیا نگرانی از شدت رابطه با افرادی که از همه بیشتر با آنها صمیمی هستید دارید؟
2.
آیا نگرانی هایی از اینکه افراد نزدیکتان به هنگام جدایی به کجا می روند، دارید؟
3.
آیا زمانی که به این فکر می کنید که اگر افراد نزدیکتان شما را ترک کنند، آشفته می شود؟
4.
آیا نگرانی های زیادی در مورد افرادی که مورد علاقه تان است و ممکن است شما را ترک کنند داشته اید؟
5.
از حملات ناگهانی اضطراب و حمله ی وحشت زدگی رنج می برید، زمانی که به این فکر می کنید که افراد نزدیکتان شما را ترک می کنند یا شما آنها را ترک می کنید؟
6.
ترس از این دارید که قادر به انجام کاری نخواهید بود اگر افراد نزدیکتان شما را ترک کنند؟
7.
ترس از این دارید که قادر به انجام کاری نخواهید بود اگر افراد نزدیکتان شما را ترک کنند؟
8.
از حملات ناگهانی وحشت زدگی و اضطراب در رنجید زمانی که از افراد نزدیکتان جدا شوید؟
9.
از این نگرانید که مبادا حادثه ای اتفاق بیفتد و شما را از افراد نزدیکتان جدا کند؟ به عنوان مثال شرایط کاری
10.
نگران این هستید که ارتباطات شما با بعضی افراد به قدری صمیمی شود که باعث ایجاد مشکلاتی برای آنان شود؟
11.
هنگام بیرون بود از منزل (به مدت چند ساعت) احساس دشواری دارید؟
12.
در کیف تان چیزی همراه دارید تا به شما احساس امنیت و ارامش دهد؟
13.
اضطراب شدید قبل از ترک منزل برای رفتن به یک مسافرت طولانی مدت دارید؟
14.
از کابوس ها یا رویاهایی در باره ی جدایی از افراد نزدیکتان رنج می برید؟
15.
آیا استرس شدید قبل از ترک فرد نزدیکتان به هنگام مسافرت، دارید؟
16.
هنگامی که برنامه ی روزمره ی معمولی تان به هم می خورد، ناراحت می شوید؟
17.
علائمی نظیر سردرد، شکم درد، تهوع قبل از ترک برای رفتن سرکار یا دیگر فعالیت های بیرون از منزل را دارید؟
18.
آیا از کابوس هایی با موضوع بیرون بودن از منزل
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Bir de aşılama gibi yaralar için normal tıbbi uygulama olduğundan merak ediyorum, yardımcı dikiş istiyorsunuz? (Farklı bir şekilde çalıştıklarını biliyorum, ama mutlak acil bir durumda)
Beyaz sirke duman bir sürü nefes varsayalım. Örneğin su %50 beyaz sirke karışımı diyelim. Sonra kapı ve pencereler kapalı ve sirke kokusu ile küçük bir odada halı Temiz. Bu odada bir gecede hiçbir havalandırma ile uyku hayal.
Asetik asit cilt, mide astar tahriş solunum problemleri, tahrişe neden olabilir biliyorum. sadece yerine teneffüs içerken vb sorunları ancak bu? Bu zararlardan kendini iyileşmek için büyük olasılıkla vücut da kalıcı bir hasar kalıcı olur onlar olur.
(Ya da ideal olarak çalışması gerekir) yolu Fen işleri herhangi bir "görüş" alakasız bir konu yapar. Önemli olan iyilik bazı fikirlere karşı veya elde edilen kanıt. Hiçbir şey titizlikle bilim adamları tarafından test ediliyor bu tür yöntemleri keser gibi geleneksel tıp uygulamaya insanlar kendilerini yöntemlerini sıkı Test yapma aslında o konuyla alakası yok. Anongoodnurse bahseder asıl konu, o zaman, belli ki eğer tıbbi topluluk içinde küçük o zaman uygun testlere tabi olmayacak bazı alternatif tedavi hakkında bilinir.
Alternatif tıp tedavileri test zorlaştıran bir faktör plasebo etkisidir. Son araştırmalar işaret ettiği plasebo etkisi ve tersi plasebo etkisi çok daha güçlü etkileri daha onlar daha önce düşünülen bakın örneğin bu makalede, ve bu BBC horizon belgeseli ve aynı zamanda bu BBC radyo belgeseli.
AMD düşündüren bazı kağıtlar uygun değildir ve özellikle karbonhidrat çok yüksek buldum.
Geçmesi için genellikle güvenli bir
27.1% Protein %40 Yağ 7% Karbonhidrat diyeti?
Amino gelen neoglucogenesis nasıl asitleri?
Eğer hastalık ulaşmazsa o daha az Karbonhidrat ve yüksek Yağ yan etkileri olabilir?
Orada sistemlerine(büyüme hormonu düşünme) (özellikle belirli organları karaciğer ve pankreas düşünme) Sindirim, Endokrin ve çocuklara zarar) herhangi bir sistematik(sistemik) hasarı, İdrar olacaktır. Dolaşım?
Özellikle Cod ve Pollock) Balık, Çilek, Ispanak, Süt, Ceviz Badem yağları.
İnsanlar güvenlik nedeniyle böyle değiştirilmiş bir diyet exluded olmalıdır?
Limon okaliptüs yağı yerel uygulamalar veya ingestions bir ağrısı tedavisinde yardımcı bazı iddialar okudum.
Worwood, Valerie Ann den örnek. Tam Kitabın Uçucu Yağlar ve Aromaterapi: 600 Doğal, Non-toksik ve Kokulu Yemek Tarifleri Oluşturmak Sağlık• Güzellik• Bir Güvenli Ev Ortamı. Yeni Dünya Kütüphanesi, 2012:
Destekleyen ya da bir ağrısı tedavisi için limon okaliptüs yağı yerel uygulamalar veya ingestions kullanışlılığını infirming herhangi bir bilimsel kanıt var mı? Humerus lateral epicondylopathies daha çok ilgileniyorum.
Eğer öyleyse, ne tavsiye var? kullanmak için,/önce fiziksel çaba, sabah/akşam, vb sonra (günlük uygulama sayısı, miktar.)
15-20 dakika sonra dişlerimi fırçalarım ve gerçekten sinir bozucu. Sadece kısa bir süre için onları temizlik konusunda kendimi zorlamak için nasıl bilmiyorum.
Dişlerimi temizliyorum bazı kısmı yeterince temizlenmeli ve "doğru" hissedene kadar tekrar temizlemek zorunda olmadığını hissediyorum çünkü OKB, olabilir.
Üzerinden biraz zaman ve azalma kaydetmek için fırça, bir kez her iki gün sadece ve sadece akşam dişlerimi temizliyorum. Sık sık dişlerimi temizlemek için ihtiyacı hissediyorum, ama onları temizlemeye karar verdiğimde sadece onları bir sürü temizlerim sorun değil. Ve zaten (diş temizliği değil) "iyi" günlerde ve "kötü" dişlerimi temizlik günleri (gün bölünmüş başladım o kadar ileri gitsem de vardır.
Bazen, eğer o gün dişlerimi temizlemek zorunda kalacak biliyorum eğer ben günün geri kalanını zevk bile alamıyorum.
Ayrıca vs Bir çok şeyi kontrol etmek zorundayım. ama muhtemelen diş / diş etlerine zarar verecektir çünkü diş fırçalamak hakkında çok endişeliyim.
Gerçekten herhangi bir tavsiye veya ipuçları seviniriz. Herhangi bir cevap için çok teşekkür ederim!
Patofizyoloji çalışmam gerekiyordu. Benim Ders Kitabı, gelişmiş patofizyolojisi gibi bir şey diyorlardı. Ancak, nöropsikolojik hastalıkların tedavisi için farmakolojik yaklaşımlar gibi bir şey başlıklı bir kitabı inceleyerek nöropsikiyatrik koşulları hakkında çok şey öğrendim. Bence! Çok yakın değilse sağda.
Meslekten olmayan biri muhtemelen tıp fakültesine metinler ne ise Psikiyatri uzm vardır. Ya da Psikiyatri farmakoloji.
Hastalığın patofizyolojisi bilgi her türlü büyük ve psikiyatri uzm derinliği çok olur.
Birçok hekim, ARNPs ve PAs, staj ya da klinik uygulama tarafından okuldayken öğrenin. Bu hamurlu kitap bilgi birlikte uzman rehberlik ile gerçek hayat ile sunum. Umut oldu.
Psikiyatri uzm Dersim için online metin sağlanan site eklememe izin verin. Bu metin pathopsysiological metin, farmakoloji kitaplarını ve reçete bilgisi vardır. Bazı interaktif vaka çalışmaları vardı. Harika. https://stahlonline.cambridge.org/ Belki de Cambridge Üniversitesi kesinlikle tıp benzer metinler var.
Başlıyorum, bu soru bana danışmak için sormuyorum çünkü kişisel tıbbi yardım olarak işaretli değil umarım söyleyeyim önce, ve kişisel deneyimlerim hakkında konuşmak rağmen, sadece sünnet erken çocukluk döneminde mastürbasyon yol açabilir eğer bilmek istiyorum.
Yaşa ki sonra erken (çok) başladı sanırım, bu yüzden mastürbasyon başladı ben de hatırlamıyorum 3 veya 4 ve benim yaşımda sünnet olmuşum. Hatırladığım sürece, her zaman duyarlı bir penis vardı ve o erken mastürbasyon yol açtı sanırım. Her zaman yatağa doğru yatmış zaman hafif stimülasyon hissedebiliyordum.
Eğer bu dar kesim "olmak"ile ilgisi olup olmadığını da merak ediyorum.
{1} tarihinde okumuştum:
Omuz preoperatif ultrason muayenesi (GGT ağrısı) tam rotator manşet yırtıkları ve kireçlenme güvenilir bir tanı verir. Bu yöntem daha az duyarlı ama yeterince güvenilir teşhis ve kısmi rotator manşet yırtıkları ve patoloji uzun biseps tendon. Examiner deneyim bu özel durumlarda önemli bir rol oynar. Ultrason tanı alanında kalıcı Sürekli Eğitim omuz bozuklukları ultrason tanı yeterli güvenilirliği için bir önkoşuldur.
MR okurken bir tendinopathy teşhis radyolog deneyimi önemini ölçmek için çalıştı herhangi bir bilimsel çalışma/anket mi?
Referanslar:<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>I vantaggi di un Master estendono oltre migliorare il vostro potenziale di guadagno. Essi possono fornire competenze personali e professionali per accelerare il vostro sviluppo. Essi sono anche l'occasione per differenziarsi dai vostri coetanei, molti dei quali hanno qualifiche A-level e di laurea simili.
Un programma di studi di ingegneria è un ottimo modo per scoprire di più il campo e la disciplina dell'ingegneria. Gli studenti potrebbero imparare a conoscere un sottofondo o un'ingegneria di copertura specifica in generale e possono anche studiare i problemi di ingegneria del mondo reale e le loro soluzioni.
Germania, ufficialmente Repubblica Federale di Germania, è una Repubblica parlamentare federale in Europa centro-occidentale. Il paese è composto da 16 stati, e la sua capitale è la città di Berlino.
Karlsruhe è una città con estati calde ed ha un clima oceanico. Si trova nello stato del Baden-Württemberg, in Germania ed è la patria di più di 200.000 persone. La città è famosa per le sue università e altri istituti di istruzione superiore multa. Essi importante nella ricerca, la scienza e la tecnologia.
Richiedi informazioni sui Master in Engineering a Karlsruhe in Germania 2018
Laureati del programma Master Production & Operations Management sono in grado di analizzare e ottimizzare l'efficienza dei processi a valore aggiunto nel funzionamento dei sistemi di produzione e di servizio. [+]
ulteriore qualificazione Part-time per gli ingegneri.
concetti fondamentali vengono convogliati per l'analisi, formazione, progettazione e realizzazione di servizi innovativi e per metodi di base di screening e prestazioni nell'industria di produzione.
I laureati del Master Programma di Produzione e Operazioni sono in grado di analizzare e ottimizzare l'efficienza dei processi a valore aggiunto nel funzionamento dei sistemi di produzione e di servizio.
Il Master, in particolare, si concentra sui processi di produzione, le tecnologie dell'informazione, logistica e risorse umane.
I laureati hanno familiarità con state-of-the-art concetti e metodi e sono in grado di applicarle in modo orientato al problema. Metodi e tecniche associate con il processo decisionale sono coperti da Operations Management.... [-]<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>نظافت محوطه صنعتی اسکرابر نیاز است یا سوییپر؟ انبار ها و سالن ها و محوطه های صنعتی، بالاترین میزان آلودگی را در بین سایر مکان های کارگاه ها، کارخانجات و اداره دارند. این آلودگی ها به شکل ها و ابعاد مختلفی در محیط ها ایجاد می شوند. نظافت این آلودگی ها با روش های قدیمی و دستی مستلزم صرف زمان، ماده شوینده و اتلاف مقدار زیادی آب جهت شستشو می باشد. از این رو استفاده از تجهیزات نظافت صنعتی و مکانیزه، می تواند راهکار بهینه و کم هزینه تری برای نظافت محوطه باشد.
چطور بدانیم برای نظافت محوطه صنعتی اسکرابر نیاز است یا سوییپر؟
انواع مختلفی از دستگاه های نظافت سطوح وجود دارند. اسکرابر ها و سوییپر ها از این تجهیزات نظافت صنعتی هستند. این تنوع در دستگاه های نظافت صنعتی ممکن است شما در انتخاب دستگاه لازم برای انجام نظافت دچار سردرگمی کند. با بررسی این تجهیزات نظافت سطوح، می تواند دستگاه مورد نیاز خود برای نظافت انبار و محوطه کارگاه خود را انتخاب کنید که می تواند از نوع دستگاه ترکیبی سوییپر اسکرابر باشد.
انواع دستگاه نظافت سطوح کف و دستگاه ترکیبی سوییپر اسکرابر
دستگاه های نظافت سطوح به طور کلی به سه دسته تقسیم می شوند. اسکرابر ها، سوییپر ها و دستگاه ترکیبی سوییپر اسکرابر .
سوییپر ها
دستگاه سوییپر یا جاروی شهری به منظور جمع آوری آلودگی های خشک و نیمه خشک از سطوح شهری و محوطه ها طراحی و تولید شده اند. این دستگاه سریع ترین روش نظافت ذرات و آلودگی ها از محوطه هایی با وسعت کم و یا زیاد هستند. سوییپر ها ذرات و گرد و غبار را از سطح زمین جمع آوری می کند، اما برای نظافت عمیق سطوح باید از دستگاه اسکرابر استفاده نمود. در صورتی که آلودگی های محوطه شما ذرات ریز و درشت آهن، سنگ یا گرد و غبار و از این دست موارد باشند، استفاده از سوییپر راهکار بهینه ای برای نظافت آن خواهد بود.
اسکرابر
دستگاه اسکرابر یا زمینشوی، فرایند شستشو و نظافت عمقی سطح را فراهم می کند. این دستگاه به برس های چرخنده با درجه سختی مختلف متناسب با شرایط سطح مجهز می باشد. زمین شو ها امکان شستشوی گرد و غبار و آلودگی های ریز را دارند. پیشنهاد می شود محوطه قبل از استفاده از آن جارو زده شود، تا ذرات درشت و آلودگی های سخت مانع عملیات نظافت دستگاه نشوند.باطری لیفتراک برقی
دستگاه ترکیبی سوییپر اسکرابر
این دستگاه ها ترکیبی از اسکرابر و سوییپر می باشند. هم زمان سطوح زمین را مانند سوییپر ها جارو می زنند و مانند اسکرابر ها آن را شستشو می دهند. دستگاه سوییپر اسکرابر به راحتی ذرات ریز و درشت روی سطوح را جمع آوری کرده و آلودگی های عمیق را از روی آن تمیز می کنند. شما برای تهیه این دستگاه نیاز به صرف هزینه اولیه بیشتری دارید، ولی ارزش کارایی و عملکرد آن از خرید جداگانه یک اسکرابر و سوییپر بیشتر است. نظافت محوطه صنعتی اسکرابر نیاز است یا سوییپر؟
در صورتی که آلودگی های محوطه کار شما غالبا ذرات درشت و گرد و غبار هستند، سوییپر نظافت محیط را به آسانی و با سرعت بالا انجام می دهد. ممکن است محوطه کارگاه شما صرفا آلودگی های عمیق یا گرد و غبار باشند، در این صورت اسکرابر می تواند دستگاه مناسبی برای نظافت سریع محوطه باشد.
ممکن است محوطه کارگاه شما همزمان دچار آلودگی های عمیق بوده و با ذرات درشت آلاینده ها همراه باشد. در این صورت دستگاه ترکیبی سوییپر اسکرابر گزینه مناسب برای نظافت کارگاه خواهد بود. شما می توانید با توجه به نوع آلودگی ها و ذرات محیط کارگاه یا انبار خود بر اساس قیمت زمین شوی صنعتی دستگاه مناسب را به درستی انتخاب کنید تا با صرف هزینه مناسب خرید بهینه و نظافت با کیفیت را برای فضای کار خود فراهم کنید. نظافت محوطه صنعتی اسکرابر نیاز است یا سوییپر؟
باطری 6 و 8 ولتی جهت ماشین برقی و تجهیزات نظافت صنعتی
از مهمترین بخش های لیفتراک برقی،باطری لیفتراک می باشد .حال جهت بالا بردن کارایی این خانواده از لیفتراک ا شرکت فورک لیفت باطری –سافکو و با در نطر گرفتن پارامترهای مهم از جمله آمپر باطری لیفتراک –طول عمر باطری لیفتراک –ابعاد باطری لیفتراک که بر اساس ولتاژ دستگاه باچینش سل های دوولتی در اندازه جعبه می باشد از چندین شرکت معتبر آسیایی و ارویی تولید کننده باطری لیفتراک اقدام به فروش نموده و هم اکنون از نظر کیمیت و کیفیت با درصد بسیار بالا به نیاز مشتریان با قیمت مناسب پاسخگو می باشد.
همه باطری لیفتراک ها برقی از سلول های 2 ولتی تشکیل شده و معمولا در ولتاژ های 24 ولت ،36 ولت،48 ولت ،72 ولت،80 ولت و دوبل 40 ولت و در آمپر ساعت های مختلف از 160 آمپر ساعت الی 1000 آمپر ساعت می باشندو نکته اساسی در کلیه باطری لیفتراک ها این است که همگی مضربی از 2 ولت دارند.
باطری 6 و 8 ولتی
باطری های 6 و 8 ولتی این باطری ها از نوع سرب اسیدی و قابلیت دشارژ تا 80 درصد ظرفیت باطری که از این رو به انها Deep cycle هم گفته میشود.
موارد کاربرد این باطری ها به شرح ذیل میباشد:
- ماشین های گلف و نفر بر برقی
- جارو های نظافت صنعتی
- بالا بر های هوایی
- سیستم های یو پی اس
- حمل کننده های شخصی
- جک پالت ها
- یدک کش ها
- قایق ها
- واگن های برقی
- سیستم های خورشیدی
شرکت فورک لیفت باطری آماده همکاری با شما عزیزان و مشاوره تخصصی توسط مشاوران مجرب شرکت می باشد . جهت خرید باطری لیفتراک با ما فورک لیفت باطری تماس بگیرید.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Near Brandy Station in Culpeper County, Virginia — The American South (Mid-Atlantic)
Duffie was ordered to reconnoiter Stevensburg and Germanna Plank Road (now Route 3) for evidence of Confederate Infantry. He was then to join the other Union columns at Brandy Station, five miles away, before a joint advance of the Confederate Cavalry reported to be at Culpeper Court House.
In attempting to cross Hansborough Ridge, the Federals were confronted by 200 troops of the 2nd South Carolina Cavalry under Col. Mathew C. Butler. Duffie hesitated. Finally, the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry charged, whether they simply lost patience or were ordered forward is unclear. They hurled themselves down the road and smashed into Butler's thin line of men, most of whom fought dismounted. The Federals plowed through the gap and hit the 4th Virginia Cavalry while
Since Duffie could not follow across the stream, the Confederates enjoyed their first "breathing spell" of the morning and immediately started organizing their defense, using Mt. Run as a natural barrier.
Hansborough Ridge was the site of the 2nd Corps and 2nd Cavalry Division, Army of the Potomac, winter camps during the winter of 1863-1864.
The hill at the far left is Signal Hill,
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Michigan’s fruit growers to prepare their frost protection plan for next spring.
Spring frosts are always a present risk for fruit growers in northern latitudes. In Michigan, we have a long history of dealing with those weather-related events. In 2012, we had one of the worst situations due to a combination of a mild winter and early spring that caused tremendous damage to the entire fruit industry, including the blueberry industry.
Similar events have just taken place in South America affecting growers in both Argentina and Chile. Between Sept. 17-26, 2013, Chile suffered some of the most intense and extensive spring frosts in many years. Many crops were affected by these events with blueberries being one of the least affected. Recent estimates from the Chilean industry are putting the damage to blueberries at 16 percent of the estimated crop for the 2013-2014 season.
On the other hand, Argentina had a similar situation with blueberries affected by both spring frost and hailstorms. However, the most extensive damage occurred at the end of the second week of October when an intense hailstorm affected the main blueberry growing region of Argentina, Concordia, in the province of Entre Rios. According to estimates from the APAMA (Blueberry Growers Association of Argentinian Mesopotamia), growers lost around 4.4 million pounds of fruit in a 20-minute hailstorm.
According to Michigan State University Extension, these two events will have some effect on the blueberry market because both Argentina and Chile are the main suppliers of berries to the northern hemisphere, including markets in the United States.
The importance of these meteorological events resides in their long-lasting impact on the economy of the affected region. They are also a reminder for our industry that it is never too early to start preparing a frost protection program for the next spring season.
As the Great Lakes Fruit and Vegetable Expo approaches on Dec. 10-12, 2013, blueberry growers may have the opportunity to talk about irrigation equipment and systems with individuals attending the trade show. Also, growers can attend some of the educational sessions, including one presented by MSU’s Jim Flore at the fruit session on Tuesday, Dec. 10. Flore will present a bloom delay method for frost protection with an overhead canopy mist cooling system that can be adapted for frost protection in blueberries.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>In a 2014 double issue of The International Journal of the History of Sport, sport historians illustrated ways that various sports in the United States have been, are, and could be considered “national pastimes.” Baseball, American football, basketball, boxing, hunting, and horse racing all received scholarly scrutiny as to the sports’ potential status as national pastimes. As historian Mark Dyreson details, national pastimes are sports that generate money, but they also “play central roles in the construction of identities, local, regional, and global, but particularly national.” Moreover, “modern nations have used pastimes to animate patriotism and define the duties of citizenship,” while “participation in or resistance to national pastimes reveals the gender, racial, ethnic, and class dynamics of modern societies.” National pastimes both “reinforce and . . . remake social and political boundaries” and, in the United States, they “have even invaded the constitutional debates over the rights of labour and the power of ownership, as well as in questions of the rights of equal access to pastimes regardless of gender, race, previous condition of servitude, or national origin.” Because of the cultural, economic, and legal dominance of these sports, many consider them to be national pastimes in U.S. society.
Many other sports—including ice yachting, ultimate Frisbee, air racing, field hockey, lacrosse—have not made it to the top of the American sport hierarchy, instead considered “fads” or “flashes-in-the-pans,” or they are constrained by region. Snow skiing in the United States represents one of these activities.
Outdoor winter sports present a conundrum for the definition of a national pastime. Limited by climate and geography, high-quality outdoor winter sports are only available to certain areas of the United States. Many winter sports have also long been middle- to upper-class social activities—a pattern that continues as equipment prices escalate and resort fees skyrocket. As a spectator sport, skiing has never approached national pastime status in the United States. While alpine ski racing might be the national pastime of Austria, and Nordic ski racing might be the national pastime of Norway and Sweden, American audiences rarely pay attention to any form of ski racing outside Olympic skiing. Nevertheless, recreational snow skiing represents a popular activity for citizens in the Northeast, the Rocky Mountain West, and the Pacific Coast, as well as for affluent tourists traveling on ski vacations. Nevertheless, ski industry promoters have voiced aspirations on numerous occasions throughout the twentieth century to move their business toward national pastime status.
Skiing can be traced back millennia. As the historian of skiing E. John B. Allen describes, in his book The Culture and Sport of Skiing: From Antiquity to World War II:
Skiing as we know it today has utilitarian origins dating back six thousand years, which gives it one of the longest histories of any sport. Prehistoric rock carvings in northern Norway and Russia depict skis as necessary for survival in lands that were covered for much of the year in snow.
Skiing’s North American origins—as many other sports and recreational activities—rest in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Skiing first appeared on the continent when, according to skiing historian John Fry, in his book The Story of Modern Skiing, Siberian fur traders used skis to “cover their Alaskan trap lines.” Skiing evolved in the second half of the nineteenth century when Nordic immigrants, working as postal workers, delivered mail across the cold Sierra Nevada Mountains and into California mining settlements. Also called “Norwegian snowshoeing,” skiing spread rapidly in the Colorado region following the 1859 Pikes Peak gold rush that brought many Scandinavian Midwesterners to the area. In its earliest years, skiing developed into an integral aspect of the Rocky Mountain economy.
However, the importance of skiing to the U.S. marketplace quickly declined with advancements of railroad technology and the stock market crash of 1893, leaving the activity to grow mainly as a recreational sport. Skiing became popular as local residents of old mining towns—both men and women—formed ski groups during the Rocky Mountain winters.
Colorado ski historian Annie Gilbert Coleman, in her book Ski Style: Sport and Culture in Rockies, explains that by the 1920s, “Coloradoans had organized myriad local clubs, competitions, and spectacular events designed to draw skiers to the sport and to their communities.” Skiing also expanded across the country. Ski clubs opened in Midwestern states such as Michigan and Minnesota. By the 1930s, skiing developed into a commercial industry as “ski resorts,” modeled off of famous European ski areas, emerged in New Hampshire and Vermont as well as in the Rocky Mountain region.
During the 1930s and 1940s, the sport faded in and out of national pastime status. While writing about a national ski exhibition at New York City’s Madison Square Garden, a New York Times correspondent explained in 1936 that skiing had “arrived” and that it would “doubtlessly . . . continue as the national pastime in the snow zone.” Three years later, the arrival of the famous St. Anton (a ski resort in Austria) ski instructor Hannes Schneider in the United States persuaded a New York Times journalist to declare that the “prospects for a new national pastime are bright.” The sport had clearly blossomed not just as a popular winter activity, but as a prosperous entrepreneurial industry. The Chicago Tribune reported in 1939 that the business of skis and snowshoes “swelled from a $417,155 business in 1936 to a $1,236,585 enterprise in 1937.” The reporter for the New York Times declared in 1940 that “[i]t was not so long ago that the word ski was foreign to the American ear”. He continued that “[t]oday it is a national pastime.”
Geographic limitations, however, continued to limit the “national-ness” of this pastime. Skiing remained a Northeast or Rocky Mountain leisurely pursuit and a majority of resort tourists remained local residents. The peak of skiing’s slow trek to national pastime status developed after World War Two when new and more efficient ways to travel—such as the interstate highway system and faster air travel—allowed skiers to go on resort vacations more frequently. The era of “modern skiing” developed from 1950 to 1972 as new technology enhanced ski equipment, significant international competitions were held in the United States, and hundreds of new ski resorts were established in the postwar era.
Yet, social class, gender, sexuality, and racial dynamics constricted the national pastime aspirations of the ski industry. Coleman explains that although ski resorts attracted local residents across all classes, unlike other sports, “outdoor recreation appealed largely to wealthy urbanites who had the time and money to acquire expertise, purchase equipment, travel to the mountains, and practice.” The average skier in 1966, according to the New York Times, was “decidedly above average in education and income. He [sic] is about 30 years old, skis often and constantly enlarges his [sic] wardrobe and ski equipment. In most cases, he [sic] wants quality goods and he [sic] does not care about the cost.” The average skier the industry attracted, according to the paper, was generally male, white, and affluent.
Accordingly, Coleman explains that the “whiteness, wealth, and sex, that characterized skiing’s consumer culture and resort landscape” illuminated the constraints of the sport. Though women had skied consistently throughout the twentieth century, their appearance on the slopes consisted of conventional and generalized notions of white femininity. Women skiers of mid-century were relegated to roles as sex symbols and those that exhibited athletic ability on the slopes were in constant fear of “appearing too masculine for society’s taste.”
Furthermore, in the 1970s and 1980s, organizations such as the National Brotherhood of Skiers attempted to bring more minority skiers to the slopes. The group explained that many black Americans wanted to ski, but nearly all skiing advertisement only included white skiers. Moreover, “[g]ay and lesbian skiers,” according to Coleman, “critiqued resort culture’s heterosexual assumptions,” such as having ads that only promoted wives and husbands as skiing couples. In response, skiiers established Gay Ski Week at Aspen, Colorado, in 1977, and the event continued throughout the remainder of the century.
These exclusionary patterns of skiing relate to a larger problem identifying national pastimes. Many pastimes throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries were constricted by race, class, sexuality, sex, and gender. As Major League Baseball held out black players until the mid-1900s and nearly all professional sport opportunities for women were stymied throughout the twentieth century, skiing too was a pastime for only the privileged in U.S. culture.
In the last quarter of the twentieth century, participation dipped as a result of the sport’s growing cost. “Middle-class skiers dropped by the wayside as the cost of lift tickets and the trappings of destination resort culture grew beyond their means,” explains Coleman. Furthermore, other outdoor winter activities lured some skiers to change sports. Cross-country skiing, backpacking, and hiking became a less expensive hobby for those who could not afford alpine skiing’s upper-class mentality. Some ski enthusiasts became weary of the environmental damage done by large ski resorts. A brand new rival, snowboarding, created “a whole new set of mountain and gear consumers.” According to Coleman, some snowboarders believed their new sport was an “explicit rejection of the ski industry.”
Participatory decline, the rise of alternate opportunities in the “snow zone,” and a continuing socioeconomic class divide on the slopes has turned skiing from once a possible “national pastime” to a secondary sport in the United States. All of these factors led to an overall decline in ski participation by the end of the century. In response, ski resort owners have had to change their market-approach in order to remain profitable. For example, ski resorts opened new luxury hotels, new family entertainment centers, and built extravagant condos and homes around the edges of the ski terrain. Some resorts also began to accommodate snowboarders in order to attract a wider audience. No longer do the entrepreneurs of the mountain resorts expound their aspirations of being a “national pastime.”
A New York Times writer explained in 2007 that people in Austria “take their ski racing as seriously as Americans take their baseball.” Americans take skiing seriously; but only Americans who are wealthy, mainly white, local residents in the Northeast or Rocky Mountain West, or affluent holidaymakers. And even those Americans invested in skiing only take it seriously as a recreational activity and not as a spectator sport. Skiing in the United States represents an American ethos, but only a certain outdoorsy upper-class, and socialite identity participates in the “imagined community” of this culture. Its aspirations as a national pastime—clearly visible in mid-century U.S. society—deteriorated by the turn-of-the twenty-first century into a comfortable vision of niche sport and a popular vacationers’ pastime.
Andrew D. Linden is a Ph.D. Candidate at the Pennsylvania State University. He is the co-editor of Sport in American History. Currently, he is the Student Member-at-Large on the Executive Board of the North American Society for Sport History. He can be reached at firstname.lastname@example.org and can be followed on Twitter @AndrewDLinden. He maintains his own website at www.andrewdlinden.com.
Mark Dyreson, “American National Pastimes: The Genealogy of an Idea,” The International Journal of the History of Sport 31, nos. 1-2 (January 2014): 6-28.
Jaime Schultz, Dunja Antunovic, Adam Berg, Justine Kaempfer, Andrew D. Linden, Thomas Rorke, Colleen English, and Mark Dyreson, “A Brief Taxonomy of Sports that Were Not Quite American National Pastimes: Fads and Flashes-in-the-Pan, Nationwide and Regional Pastimes, the Pastimes of Other Nations, and Pan-National Pastimes,” The International Journal of the History of Sport 31, nos. 1-2 (January-February 2014): 250-272.
E. John B. Allen, The Culture and Sport of Skiing: From Antiquity to World War II (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2007), 1.
Ibid., 15, 26. The stock market crash of 1893 and the waning mining industry overhauled the need for skiing in the economy. Coleman explains that there was a “reported 337 business failures and 435 mines closed within a month” in the state.
Ibid., 15.
Blake Harrison, “Tracks across Vermont: Vermont Life and the Landscape of Downhill Skiing, 1946-1970,” Journal of Sport History 28, no. 2 (Summer 2001): 253-270. Harrison explains, for example, that Stowe was “Vermont’s best-known ski destination in the 1930s, and even into the 1950s.”
Frank Elkins, “Major Proportions Attained by Skiing as a Winter Sport,” New York Times, December 18, 1936, p. 36.
“The Ski-Meister,” New York Times, February 16, 1939, Sec. L, p. 16.
“Fair Inference,” Chicago Tribune, January 7, 1939, p. 8.
“Americans on Skis,” New York Times, December, 8 1940, Se. 8E, p. 96.
Fry, The Story of Modern Skiing, ix.
Coleman, Ski Style, 51.
“No Business Like the Snow Business,” New York Times, October 16, 1966, Sec. 12, p. 6.
Coleman, Ski Style, 202.
Ibid. 62-68. Coleman explains that women skiers were portrayed as passive objects of desire. There were, however, many women skiers with great ability. “Resort culture was so focused on fashion, socializing, and romance that women who skied fast and hard during the day could reaffirm their femininity and sexuality in the evenings.” Quotation from page 68.
Ibid. 202.
Ibid. 203.
Ibid. 192.
Ibid. 194. Coleman states that the “environmental consequences of mountain development became an issue for the U.S. Forest Service, ski area companies, and local conversation groups. With new development, it grew more difficult to convince people that they were skiing in a pristine, natural, wild setting, and skiers expressed conflicting desires to be both more adventurous and protected from danger.”
Ibid. 204, 206.
Ibid. 206-207. Coleman states “[t]he average annual increase in skier-visits to Colorado areas in the 1960s was an amazing 20 percent. Growth during the 1970s and 1980s remained significant, though it calmed down after the boom years of pervious decades. During the 1970s, the average growth fell to 14 percent, and for the 1980s, it slowed to 3 percent.”
Meg Lukens Noonan, “Not Just Skiing Anymore,” New York Times, November 16, 1997, sec. TR, p. 13.
Coleman, Ski Style, 212. During the 2000-2001 ski season, Aspen finally allowed snowboarders to ride on its slopes.
Nathaniel Vinton, “Mixing a Spirit of Adventure into World Cup Competition,” New York Times, December 24, 2007, sec. D, p. 4.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>I needed to work my through the various definitions of critical thinking and to update my knowledge on the role of critical thinking in applied vocational education. I had read Stephen Brookfield’s book on critical thinking as part of my M Ed studies and have dipped back into the book whenever I have found the need to clarify my understanding of how critical thinking applies to my own learning and research.
Jan used work by Stephen Brookfield and also the work of Jenny Moon to work through a definition of critical thinking and in particular provided examples of how critical thinking could be broken up into levels and types. Examples from Jenny Moon’s handout include a focus on Baxter Magolda’s (1992) epistemological development which identified four domains or stages. These are absolute knowing, transitional knowing, independent knowing and contextual knowing.
The group worked through several exercises to try to sort student comments and student work into the various stages of epistemological development. We also had a good discussion leading on from these exercises as to how to best assess ‘critical thinking’. There was agreement on the importance of sharing our understandings of critical thinking within our own teaching teams. There was also a need to ensure that students are then prepared for the level of critical thinking required from their programme of study.
From the point of view of my mlearning pilot, an eportfolio contains many aspects of critical thinking related to the collation of the portfolio. However the depth of critical thinking required is not unachievable by the majority of the apprentices who are constructing their eportfolios. I have provided guidelines on what is expected so the next step is to evaluate what we now have in the collections and to find out how I can nudge apprentices
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scelto fossero importanti, e mi sentii sollevato quando terminai. Quando mi posero una domanda, guardai il collega ma egli non aprì bocca. Fu allora che mi stupii di me stesso, venendo fuori con una risposta in un francese comprensibile. Rimasi ancor più meravigliato dal fatto che il membro della Chiesa non sembrò percepire insicurezza nelle mie capacità comunicative. Acquisii fiducia e mi resi conto che il mio francese era migliore di quanto pensassi.
Trascorsero le settimane e il mio collega continuò a lasciarmi parlare, anche quando pensavo di non poterlo fare e persino quando egli, probabilmente, si chiedeva se sarei stato in grado di farlo. Poiché egli m’incoraggiò a parlare, ascoltare e insegnare, le mie capacità linguistiche iniziarono a migliorare più velocemente e io sentii di essere diventato uno strumento nelle mani del Padre celeste invece che semplicemente un altro anziano silenzioso.
La cultura e la lingua sono strettamente collegate. La comprensione della cultura aiuta a comprendere l’uso della lingua. Cerca di capire la cultura della popolazione per poter comunicare chiaramente gli aspetti unici del messaggio della Restaurazione.
Una delle cose migliori che puoi fare per guadagnarti la fiducia e l’affetto delle persone è di abbracciare la loro cultura nel modo appropriato. Questo è quello che hanno fatto molti grandi missionari (vedere 1 Corinzi 9:20–23). Cerca di far sentire le persone a proprio agio quando sono con te e parli la loro lingua.
Cerca i doni dello Spirito, tra cui quello delle lingue e dell’interpretazione delle lingue. Più di qualsiasi altra cosa, questo dono ti aiuterà a parlare e a capire la lingua parlata nella missione. Non otterrai questo dono senza compiere da parte tua uno sforzo. Devi cercarlo attivamente. Per cercare il dono delle lingue è necessario lavorare e impegnarsi a fare tutto il possibile per imparare la lingua. Abbi fede che lo Spirito ti aiuterà se vivi nel modo in cui dovresti e se fai del tuo meglio. Abbi fede che puoi avere il dono delle lingue nel senso più vero e completo del termine.
Quando senti di fare fatica a esprimerti tanto chiaramente quanto vorresti, ricorda che lo Spirito è in grado di parlare al cuore di tutti i figli di Dio. Il presidente Thomas S. Monson ha insegnato: «C’è… una lingua che è compresa da ogni missionario: la lingua dello Spirito. Non si apprende dai libri di testo scritti dagli uomini di lettere, né si acquisisce mediante la lettura e l’esercizio mnemonico. Il linguaggio dello Spirito è appreso da colui che si sforza di conoscere Dio e di osservare i Suoi divini comandamenti. La padronanza di questa lingua consente di abbattere le barriere, superare gli ostacoli e di arrivare dritti al cuore degli uomini» («Lo Spirito vivifica», La Stella, giugno 1997, 4).
Ripassa i suggerimenti contenuti in questo capitolo. Trova un suggerimento che non hai seguito e stabilisci una meta per metterlo in pratica nei prossimi giorni.
Alla prossima riunione di distretto, chiedi a un missionario con una certa esperienza e che abbia una buona padronanza linguistica che cosa ha fatto per imparare la lingua.
Leggi ed esamina la dichiarazione seguente dell’anziano Richard G. Scott: «Quando tradizioni… nazionali, costumi e mode sociali sono in conflitto con gli insegnamenti di Dio, abbandonateli. Quando le tradizioni e i costumi sono in armonia con i Suoi insegnamenti, devono essere amati» («Rimoviamo le barriere che ci separano dalla felicità», La Stella, luglio 1998, 91). Pensa ai modi in cui la cultura dell’area in cui servi differisce dalla tua. Elenca le differenze. Sbarra poi quelle che sono in conflitto con gli insegnamenti del Vangelo. Considera tutte le differenze rimanenti e pensa in che modo puoi far tuoi questi costumi.
Crea un piano di studio che ti prepari a fare una delle cose seguenti nella lingua della missione:
Preparare i cartoncini con le parole che non conosci contenute in una delle lezioni e portare con te questi cartoncini fino a quando non hai imparato tutte le parole.
Esercitatevi a insegnarvi a vicenda le lezioni missionarie nella lingua della missione.
Chiedi al collega di ascoltare la tua pronuncia e di aiutarti a migliorare.
Scegliete le storie delle Scritture o i passi che vorreste usare nell’insegnamento. Esercitatevi a riassumerli con parole vostre.
Ripassate i suggerimenti contenuti in questo capitolo. Esaminate quali suggerimenti potreste usare la settimana prossima durante lo studio di coppia.
Se stai addestrando un nuovo missionario, prendi nota delle situazioni in cui il tuo collega non si esprime in modo comprensibile. Fai un elenco delle parole e frasi importanti, o delle regole grammaticali che aiuterebbero il collega. Spiega come usare, nelle attività programmate per il futuro, ciò che è scritto nell’elenco ed esercitatevi.
Invita alla riunione alcune persone madrelingua. Fai in modo che i missionari insegnino loro in piccoli gruppi. Chiedi alle persone madrelingua di prendere nota e di fornire una valutazione sulla lingua usata dai missionari.
Incarica in anticipo uno o due missionari di parlare del successo avuto nello studio della lingua. Chiedi loro di condividere le proprie idee.
Chiedi a un missionario esperto di parlare brevemente di alcuni aspetti della nuova lingua che di solito sono difficili per i missionari. Presenta degli esempi di buon uso linguistico e chiedi ai missionari di esercitarsi.
Chiedi ai missionari nativi della cultura del luogo di condividere alcune idee che possano essere utili.
Intervistare periodicamente i missionari nella lingua che stanno imparando.
Chiedere ai dirigenti locali del sacerdozio delle idee su come i missionari possano migliorare nella lingua.
Individuare gli errori più comuni commessi dai missionari che apprendono la lingua della missione. Dare istruzioni alla conferenza di zona su come correggere tali errori.
Insegnare ai missionari la dottrina dei doni spirituali.
Osservare i missionari quando insegnano nella lingua della missione.
Cercare delle occasioni per usare la lingua nuova con i missionari.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>اکسترودر محصولات پلاستیکی کارخانه برای تولید محصولات پلاستیکی، به طور عمده ماشین آلات و تجهیزات. مشخصات اکسترودر، ساختار و ساخت با کیفیت از برنامه انتخاب معقول است، به طور مستقیم طول اکسترودر زندگی، سطح بهره وری و کیفیت محصولات را تحت تاثیر قرار، همچنین هزینه های تولید محصولات پلاستیکی مربوطه تاثیر می گذارد، به طوری انتخاب نرم افزار و استفاده از پلاستیک تعمیر و نگهداری ماشین اکستروژن به توجه.
محصول 1. اکسترودر تولیدات با مشخصات مختلف به همان مقدار، مدل های استاندارد اکسترودر را انتخاب کنید.
2. پس از نوع اکسترودر و مشخصات مدل ها، در انتخاب تجهیزات کارخانه تولید نیز مسئله ای است که باید توجه داشت
3. تجهیزات خط تولید اکسترودر و توانایی مربوط به کار را برای مطابقت با هر دستگاه، به طوری که هر دستگاه می تواند بازی را کامل به توابع خود را بدهد، به اطمینان حاصل شود که هر یک از تجهیزات خط تولید به منظور هماهنگ کار می کنند.
4. استفاده از اکسترودر، به منظور اطمینان از عملکرد اکستروژن در بهترین شرایط برای یک کار طولانی مدت، کار برای اکسترودر مجهز به کارگران فنی ماهر مناسب، یک شرایط مهم تضمین است. تولید اکسترودر نیاز به اپراتور ماهر در واقع مهارت، بلکه به درک ساختار، عملکرد و پردازش مشخصات محصول و ظرفیت تولید از تجهیزات، ماشین آلات و تجهیزات همچنین باید بدانید که چگونه به انجام تعمیر و نگهداری. برای کارگران جدید، باید آن را عامل و آموزش های فنی به آنها را قادر به حفظ تجهیزات رویههای عملیاتی شود؛ دست در آموزش، پس از عبور از معاینه قبل از انتصاب به طور مستقل کار
5. اکسترودر به یک محیط کاری خوب و تجهیزات به رطوبت در داخل کارگاه، خوردگی، وزن و هوا.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>BULGURLU SALATA
Malzemeler:
1 bardak pilavlık bulgur, 4 orta boy salatalık, 2 orta boy domates, 1 orta boy közlenmiş kırmızı biber turşusu, 4 dal taze soğan, çeyrek demet dereotu, çeyrek demet nane, çeyrek demet maydanoz. Sosu için 5 kaşık zeytinyağı, 2 kaşık taze sıkılmış limon suyu, 1 kaşık nar ekşisi, 1 diş sarımsak, yarım çay kaşığı tuz, yarım çay kaşığı taze çekilmiş tane karabiber.
Hazırlanışı:
Bulgurunuzu iyice yıkadıktan sonra yumuşayana kadar haşlayıp suyunu süzdükten sonra soğumaya bırakın. Domateslerinizi, salatalıklarınızı ve közlenmiş kırmızı biber turşunuzu küp küp doğrayın. Taze soğan, dereotu, maydanoz ve naneyi ince ince kıyın. Salatanın sosu için ise zeytinyağını, limon suyunu, nar ekşisini, ezilmiş sarımsağı, tuzu ve karabiberi iyice karıştırın. Doğradığınız malzemeleri ve bulguru bir salata kâsesine döküp iyice karıştırdıktan sonra üzerine sosunu döküp homojen dağılana kadar karıştırın. Salatanızı dilerseniz marul yapraklarının üzerine koyu servis edebilirsiniz.
YAZ SALATASI
Malzemeler:
1 bardak mısır, 1 diş sarımsak, 1 demet semizotu, 2 salatalık, 2 bardak yoğurt, 2 kaşık sıvı yağ, yarım demet dereotu, tuz.
Hazırlanışı:
Yoğurdunuzu, sarımsağınızı, tuzunuzu ve sıvı yağınızı bir yerde iyice karıştırın. Mısırınızı iyice yıkayın. Salatalıklarınızı küp küp doğrayın. Semizotu ve dereotunu iyice yıkayın ve tüm malzemeleri bir salata kâsesinde karıştırın. Üzerine yoğurtlu karışımı dökün ve homojen dağılana kadar harmanlayın. Hafif ve bir o kadar serinletici yaz salatanız hazır.
LAHANA SALATASI
Malzemeler:
Yarım küçük boy beyaz lahana, 2 orta boy havuç, yarım küçük boy kuru soğan. Sosu için 6 kaşık mayonez, 1 kaşık toz şeker, 1 tatlı kaşığı tuz, 1 taze sıkılmış limon suyu, 1 kaşık üzüm sirkesi.
Hazırlanışı: Beyaz lahananızı incecik kıyın ve havuçlarınızı lahananıza uygun boyutlarda uzunlamasına kesin. Dilerseniz rendenin kalın tarafıyla rendeleyebilirsiniz. Kuru soğanınızı rendenin ince kısmıyla rendeleyin ve tüm malzemeyi salata kâsesine döküp karıştırın. Sosu için, limon suyunu, üzüm sirkesini, toz şekeri ve tuzu bir kâseye döküp şeker eriyinceye kadar iyice karıştırın. İçine mayonezi ekleyip homojen bir karışım elde edene kadar karıştırmaya devam edin. Daha sonra bu sosu doğranmış salata malzemelerinizin üzerine döküp iyice karıştırın. Kaşık kaşık yiyeceğiniz salatanız hazır!
Kişisel farkındalığınızı arttıracak, bilgi kazanmanızı sağlayacak, ama bu esnada bütçenize çok fazla zarar vermeyecek şeyler planlamalısınız. Tüm...Koç Burcu - Bugün
Başarınızı diğerleriyle de kutlayabilirsiniz. Bilgi toplamalı, bilgilerin gerçekliğinden emin olmalı ve başladığınız işleri bitirmelisiniz. Fark yaratmak istiyorsanız,...Boğa Burcu - Bugün
Evinizde ve özel ilişkilerinizde yapacağınız değişiklikler duygusal anlamda istikararı sağlayabilir. İş birliğine açık olmanız durumunda, evinizi veya yaşadığınız yeri...İkizler Burcu - Bugün
Önemli detayları atlamadığınızdan emin olun. İstediğinizi açık açık ortaya koymak işe yarar çözümler üretmenizde size yardım edebilir....Yengeç Burcu - Bugün
Duygusal anlamda motive bir gündesiniz. Yanlış nedenlere dayalı değişiklikler yapmak doğru olmayabilir. Olayları doğru değerlendirmeli, daha alçak...Aslan Burcu - Bugün
Sahip olduğunuzdan daha fazla paranız varmış hissine kapılmayın ve aşırı harcamalardan kaçının. Sizi motive eden kişilerle görüşebileceğiniz bir hafta...Başak Burcu - Bugün
Bu hafta sonu, önemli kişisel değişiklikler yapmanız durumunda kendinizi çok iyi hissedebilirsiniz. Sizi bekleyen güzel bir gelecek varken lüzumsuz...Terazi Burcu - Bugün
Dış etkilere bağlı duygusal durumlarla uğraşabileceğiniz bir hafta sonundasınız. Bazı kişilerin yapacağı son dakika değişiklikleri sizi asıl uğraşmanız gereken işlerden...Akrep Burcu - Bugün
Duyduğunuz her şeye inanmamalısınız. Belli anlaşmalar yapmadan ya da bazı sözler vermeden önce, kendi araştırmanızı bizzat yapmanızda fayda var. Bu hafta sonu, elinize...Yay Burcu - Bugün
Endişelerinizi dile getirerek olaylara netlik kazandırabilir ve doğru kararlar alabilirsiniz. Eviniz ve ailenizle bağlantılı konularla ilgilenirken daha sorumlu davranmalısınız....Oğlak Burcu - Bugün
Çok fazla bilgi paylaşımı size ters şekilde geri dönebilir ve size bazı bedeller ödetebilir. Bu hafta sonu, sevdiğiniz kişilerle ilişkilerinizi...Kova Burcu - Bugün
Bu hafta sonu, bazı işleri ele alış veya uygulayış biçiminizi ya da bilgi edinme ev haber alma yöntemlerinizi gözden geçirebilirsiniz. Bu sayede kendinizi...Balık Burcu - Bugün<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Businesses frequently require transparency in a number of different fashions. One of the most common ways for a business to provide information about the financial dealings of the company is through overview accounting reports. In some instances, providing a thorough and accurate description of expenditures is necessary (especially if you want to comply with federal law). Indeed, fraudulent financial reporting typically accounts for one-tenth of all white collar crime. It’s important to get the facts straight and provide an accurate assessment and overview for investors, shareholders, and even employees. Below, you’ll find a few steps for creating a quality overview accounting report.
Step 1: Know Your Audience
Before you prepare any content or compile data, you’ll need to understand who the report is for. In many cases, the report is a necessity that you are giving to investors and shareholders. Federal law and the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) dictate that businesses have to foreclose all of their financial dealings with their shareholders and investors. Thus, a report that is geared toward that demographic would likely differ from a report aimed strictly at employees. You may not want to divulge too many financial details to the folks who work for you.
Step 2: Compile Data
Accounting reports need to have a nice helping of data in many situations. Examples of data that work well for accounting reports include:
- Month-by-month expenditures and income
- Percent of sales increase or decrease
- Income tax disclosures
- Financial milestones
Finding this data and synthesizing for a report won’t be easy. Obviously, a meeting with your CFO will certainly help the process along. This data is the basis for the entire accounting report, and it’s a good way to determine the overall tone of the report, as well.
Step 3: Write an Executive Summary
Although you may want to start writing the actual report, an executive summary is important to get out of the way. These summaries essentially greet, thank, and inform investors, shareholders, and employees in a relatively brief fashion. This is typically written by the CEO or chief executive and is usually around 1 to 2 paragraphs in length.
Step 4: Write the Report
The report itself should be a fact-filled document with charts, graphs, and other information to make reading it and understanding it easier. For instance, a pie chart could be used to indicate the amount of sales from retail versus the amount of sales from online sources. It is important to be thorough and provide actual facts while writing the report. Don’t say something like, “The company’s profit margins increased over the last year.” Instead, you should use the data you compiled and give an accurate percentage of the increase while explaining the reasons for the increase. If there isn’t room in the document to indicate actual percentages, then you will need to use an appendix. An appendix essentially compiles any information or statistical data that wasn’t necessary for understanding the report, but
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!我很高兴你觉得这里的信息很有用!如果你有任何问题或想聊天，请在FBC Facebook上向我喊话。N x
内莉说
Nagi,
非常感谢你分享这些信息。我是博客世界的新手，有时候你真的会觉得自己像一个新学校的孩子在独自吃午饭!我从你的帖子中学到了很多。谢谢你这么直接和诚实。这是真的让人耳目一新!我最近在Facebook上加入了FBC，发现它也很有帮助。有时我怀疑自己，因为那些“有影响力的博主”，但阅读你的内容让我有信心我可以做到这一点!再次感谢，我期待阅读和学习更多!
Nagi说
嗨内莉!欢迎来到博客的世界!说实话，我建议你远离那些有影响力的博主。我认为关注那些你真正感兴趣的博主的博客是很好的，但是分析太多会分散你的注意力，也会让你有失去自我/原创的风险!走自己的路!我可以诚实地说，除了先锋女性和简单食谱，我没有关注任何大型博客。我可能没有任何意义，我猜我想说的是，我不想比较自己，我甚至不想下意识地受到他们的风格，写作方式，照片，他们发布的食物类型等的影响，也不想比较自己!再见! !
Ramya梅农说
这篇文章真是太有用了!每次我对我的博客感到沮丧的时候，我都要来看看FBC，这让我感觉焕然一新!非常感谢。
Nagi说
嗨Ramya !我很高兴你能在这里找到灵感不管你的博客有什么让你失望的地方，永远记住你所做的是令人惊讶的，比世界上99.99%的人做的都要多!认真对待。你应该为你的博客感到骄傲，它很漂亮。你分享的食物真的很有趣，我很喜欢!N x
nutrizonia说
我通过你在凯文博客上的评论找到了你的博客(凯文在嗑药)
我爱fbc，我开始采取行动，非常感谢你的努力
Nagi说
很高兴你能在这里找到有用的信息!我很高兴你也找到了FBC !N x
希瑟@辣围裙说
嗨Nagi。我是来加入你们的"前西装革履的美食博主"群的!作为一名律师和一家大型医疗集团的前首席执行官，我终于决定放下这一切，做我喜欢做的事——做饭和写作!我妈妈认为我疯了(不是第一次了)，我丈夫认为这很棒!感谢您的务实做法!非常感谢。我很高兴找到并加入了FBC。大量的信息和灵感!
Nagi说
希瑟-我想我爱你听到有人做了我做过的事，感觉太好了!我很高兴你也找到了FBC !!我不得不说，把商业思维应用到美食和博客上是很有趣的。这给了我们一个不同的视角，你明白我的意思吗?谢谢你的留言!!我真的希望你加入FB群-期待更好地了解你!!N x
希瑟@辣围裙说
是的，Nagi，我加入了!我已经学到了很多，也有机会和一些非常好的人聊天。再次感谢! !
PovoChef说
纳吉，你让我重获活力!我已经有一段时间没能优先考虑我的博客了，但我现在想要集中精力，有策略地工作。谢谢你帮助我回到正轨，我也期待着摄影技巧。我真的需要学习摄影。我看着我的一些食物照片，畏缩不前。
很高兴我偶然发现了FBC!
艾玛
Nagi说
我很高兴你也这么做了，艾玛!我希望你加入我们的Facebook群，这样我就可以更好地了解你和你的博客!
gourmetgetaway说
非常感谢这个故事提供的宝贵信息。你做了一件了不起的工作，能这么快就取得这样的成就。6年来，我每周写3次博客，而你却从我身边溜走了。你的文章给了我很多值得思考的东西。
再次感谢
朱莉
Nagi说
不，你不能这么想。我很幸运能够把我100%的时间用来学习如何写博客和摄影，并不是每个人都能做到。我不再是100%的工作在我的博客上，我可以说是30%的时间。但是在5个月左右的时间里，我1000%的专注于照片和博客。
我很高兴这篇文章给了你一些值得思考的东西!N x
豪伊福克斯说
哇Nagi !刚看到这个帖子!真的非常鼓舞人心，看到什么是可能的激情和奉献!我非常期待你接下来的表现
一定要通过你的“如何增加浏览量”的帖子!要学的东西太多了!
非常感谢!
Nagi说
谢谢豪伊!很高兴你觉得这有用!
容易Peasy说
非常感谢你的这篇文章!我们现在只写了几个月的博客，并试图学习尽可能多的东西。喜欢我在这里读到的一切
Nagi说
我很高兴你发现这个有用!希望你注册了时事通讯，这样你就能在收件箱里收到所有的新帖子!
eastwestlovestory说
神奇的帖子。我特别受到你每天300多张照片的启发!我感到有动力在摄影上更加努力。谢谢你！
Nagi说
非常感谢! !我觉得累了想....但是非常值得!!我很高兴你有动力!N x
meaghanlamm说
既然你的大部分收入来自广告，我希望能偶尔在这里看到收入报告!我对收入报告有点着迷。让我沮丧的是，我真正喜欢烹饪的东西也是饱和的:一锅饭。我不知道如何在不做重复工作的情况下脱颖而出!
Nagi说
嗨，梅根-我会考虑的。老实说，我不太喜欢在FBC上完整地显示我的个人财务信息。但如果我觉得这对会员真的有价值，我可能会继续这么做。
莎拉说
这是迄今为止最全面、最真实的一篇关于我如何成长的博文，我很喜欢它……我读过其中的几篇。我还想说，知道你有多少读者，我很惊讶，你有时间回复那些看起来像每个访问甚至访问其他人像我的小时间博客的人。读完这篇文章，难怪你会如此成功，我知道这只是个开始。谢谢分享!
Nagi说
你好,萨拉!我很高兴你觉得这很有用!我想我们对“我如何发展我的博客”的帖子有相同的看法，相信我，我读了我的分享!!
老实说，我并没有把博客分为大博客和小博客。我认为那是不对的。我阅读和访问朋友们的博客，以及那些激励我的博客。
谢谢你的美言!N x
希拉里·兰金@ 918车牌说
昨晚熬到很晚就在想这件事!
谢谢你的见解
Nagi说
很高兴你发现了这个有用的希拉里!N x
email@example.com说
这是很好的信息。通常你去一个网站，他们会说他们是如何获得如此高的流量的，但页面上没有什么是非常有用的。这很有帮助。我在pinterest上看到了我所有受欢迎的别针，然后意识到一件事。它们都与减肥有关!是时候开始关注健康食谱了。
Nagi说
嗨,珍娜!非常感谢你的留言，我很高兴你觉得它很有用!
丽莎:放下糖说
哦，我很高兴我偶然发现了你的Facebook群，现在又找到了这个页面!这给了我希望，我可以在2016年真正实现全职写博客的目标。
自从我曾经拥有两个优惠券博客以来，我已经带着SEO、营销和博客的知识走进了食谱博客。在我看来，那些博客是成功的，我确实从他们身上赚了一大笔钱。但是，我对它不像我对烹饪那样有激情。所以现在，我一直在深入研究，很快就会开始我的博客。我已经准备了大约两周的帖子，我将继续尝试每周发布5次，直到我达到我的目标。在政府有一份全职工作。
真的，你是一个伟大的灵感!这让我很高兴，因为我有可能把全职写博客作为我的目标。
Nagi说
那是美妙的丽莎!我很高兴听到你在其他博客上取得的成功，更高兴的是听到你正在进入你的热情所在的地方我相信你会看到巨大的成功!N x
莉香说
你的Facebook群组是什么?我很乐意加入。我刚开了一个生活博客，但也会发布食谱(80%)谢谢
Nagi说
嗨莉香!Facebook群组在这里https://www.facebook.com/groups/foodbloggerscentral/
你可以在这里申请加入http://goo.gl/forms/60VMF66dCn
sliceofkitchenlife说
你好Nagi，我只想说谢谢你创建了这么好的资源，感谢你如此自由地分享你自己和你所学到的东西!我能理解新来的孩子一个人在学校吃午饭的感觉——我进入博客世界才几个月，要学的东西太多了，有时甚至会吓到我!我要试着找出FBC的Facebook页面(社交媒体- eek!)，看看我是否能加入!
顺便说一下，我通过你的RecipeTinEats博客找到了这个网站——我意识到pinterest上我最喜欢的很多别针都来自你的食谱，所以我来进一步探索!
Nagi说
你好贾斯汀!非常感谢你的出现和阅读!我真的希望你在Facebook上加入我们，这是一个很棒的群体，我喜欢每个人都愿意互相帮助
别担心，几个月后你就会觉得自己像个博客老手了!我大概是在去年的这个时候开始的，我记得我当时是多么的害怕。说真的，加入FBC Facebook群，你会很快交到新朋友的!!
马修·何说
这篇文章里有一些鼓舞人心的话语!我喜欢你专注于一个小众，这是很容易做食谱，晚餐，早午餐等…
Nagi说
谢谢马修! !我认为这是有区别的，尤其是在开始的时候，这样你就可以建立一个食谱库供读者浏览，而不是在一大堆类别中只有几个
莎娜说
我会定期访问这个博客，我已经写了4-5个月了，我还有很多要学习的
Nithya拉维说
我很高兴能找到这个网站。你的故事真的很鼓舞人心，祝你好运。我也是一个美食博主，我可以在很多方面和你联系起来。谢谢你带来这个。
Nagi说
嗨Nithya !很高兴你在这里!感谢你的阅读
Tina Jui | The Worktop说
嗨Nagi !这个网站很棒，我真的很期待跟随它学习更多关于博客的知识。祝贺你的网站-你做得非常好!我喜欢你所有的帖子和食谱。我很高兴我们通过美食博主中心“认识”!顺便说一句，我放弃了金融法律的职业生涯，现在把大部分时间花在博客上。很高兴听到你也成功了!
Nagi说
嘿,耶! !其他前西装革履的人变成了美食博主!!很高兴你喜欢FBC，也很高兴你是它的一部分!
Melanie @ Carmel Moments说
Nagi，这太棒了!你是不可思议的，我是真心的。你在Recipe n Eats上建立了一个多么一流的博客啊!谢谢你愿意和我们分享你的建议。
Nagi说
谢谢梅勒妮! !感谢您的美言，但更重要的是，感谢您成为FBC的一员!!
Fa的厨房说
恭喜这个全新的网站，Nagi..我祝你在这次新的冒险中一切顺利。我很高兴我碰巧加入了你的facebook群。我曾经访问过你的博客，不是为了菜谱，而是为了简单的享受你的风格，我相信这来自于你善良的心。要向你学习的东西太多了。
Nagi说
非常感谢您的赞美!我希望你在这里找到一些对你有帮助的东西
南希吃了六顿说
我在周六读到这篇文章，很多事情在我的脑海中盘旋，从那时起，我必须回来告诉你，加入FBC是多么鼓舞人心。自从我加入后，我开始尝试新的主题，开始认真对待我的摄影作品，并提交给foodgawker网站。回顾我的帖子，我可以看到我在哪里加入了FBC。
我真的觉得我在过去的几年里一直在玩，通过你和FBC，我现在受到了启发，让我有更多的时间和我的博客。
你为我们所有人创造了一个美妙的空间。谢谢你！
Nagi说
好哇! !我很高兴你听到了，南希!老实说，你知道吗?因为你们，FBC才有今天。你让它变得有趣，每个人都是如此棒和支持，这激励我想要分享和帮助!谢谢你能参与其中，真的。你摇滚南希! !
安娜说
Naaaaagiiiiii !来自加州的热烈问候!我爱这个网站!这是我知道的最无私的网站之一。我像个小孩子一样兴奋，不像一个海盗终于找到了一个宝箱。是的，你的博客是一个宝藏:这么多的提示，这么多的信息!今天我成为了你们facebook群的一员。谢谢你所做的一切。祝福!
Nagi说
耶! !很高兴你加入了安娜!我希望你能学到一些技巧，更重要的是，玩得开心，认识新的博主!!
阿曼达@矮胖的厨师说
Nagi，这是非常好的建议!我在5个月前开始写博客，如果我每天有20个页面浏览，我就会欣喜若狂(这仍然是家庭成员lol)，现在我每个月的页面浏览量达到了4万。以稳定的速度增长一直是我的目标，和你一样，我开始写博客的目的是在做我喜欢做的事情的同时，为我的家庭赚一些额外的钱，烹饪，烘焙，分享我的食谱
非常感谢您创建了这个网站，我喜欢它是免费的。这么多美食博客资源网站收费，这让我很烦，哈哈
Nagi说
我完全同意你的观点!我发布的第一篇文章，我记得那天有3个访客你知道吗，你坚持不懈地努力，你会创造你自己的运气，你只是永远不知道它会在何时何地发生!关键是你太爱它了。
谢谢你成为FBC的一员!!老实说，正是有了你这样的人，这地方才这么棒
玛丽莎说
恭喜这个美丽的新博客，Nagi。谢谢你创造了这个空间，谢谢你不可思议的慷慨精神!你一个人激励我认真对待我的摄影，我无法告诉你我有多欣赏你在FBC Facebook群中创造的环境。我交了几个真正的朋友，在这个古怪的美食博客上，我喜欢得到他们的支持和支持。
谢谢，谢谢，谢谢!xoxoxo
Nagi说
不——谢谢!!玛丽莎，你是如此的甜美，慷慨和善良，我无法表达我有多感激能遇见你。和真正的。你是如此真诚，我喜欢你这一点。
感谢您成为FBC的一员!!你的存在让一切都不一样了
罗宾@简单新鲜的晚餐说
哇，纳吉，我被震住了。这个网站是黄金，我将会一遍又一遍地阅读这篇文章。非常感谢你慷慨地分享你的知识。
你用自己的努力创造了一个如此棒的社区。谢谢你！
Nagi说
感谢罗宾!我很高兴你觉得它很有用!我很乐意分享我的发现。我真的希望这是一个我们可以互相学习的地方，你知道吗?任何一个人都不可能知道这一切，但如果我们愿意分享我们的知识，我们会更好!!
林赛说
Nagi，你听起来像我。虽然我已经写了6年博客，离这个目标还差得很远。不过只是rebdranded。谢谢你的坦诚。真的真的!谢谢你的FBC!
Nagi说
欢迎光临!我很高兴你在这里找到了有用的东西谢谢你的到来!!
Bam的厨房说
最亲爱的Nagi，我很高兴成为FBC的一部分。我们有一个了不起的团队，有很多有才华的博客，每天都在成长。我非常感谢您花时间启动和支持FBC，现在创建这个伟大的资源网站来分享您的想法和专业知识。感谢您把FBC放在网站格式，这样我们可以很容易地查找已经出现的话题，我们需要参考以后。这比在Facebook上找要容易得多。爱这篇文章，foodblog
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得生产者与消费者达到统一。而该系统依然满足互联网的定律，就是使用的人越多，网络价值越大，这样一套正向循环的过程中，网络价值与个人价值也通过通证绑定在了一起。
一个通证可以同时拥有多种权力，常见的权利包括使用权、分红权、投票权、所有权、信用权。
在一个区块链项目实际运营中，通证可以从项目的发起到运营宣传，推荐法律顾问及服务融资，扩张上市，流通各个环节进行激励。在被激励者看来，对应的是股权期权和交易权。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Lufthansa ha rifiutato di commentare le informazioni. Ma la società ha dichiarato in una lettera al personale il 3 maggio e ha condiviso con CNN Business che riteneva che i colloqui “si sarebbero potuti concludere rapidamente”.
“Il sostegno del governo tedesco sarebbe un passo decisivo per la nostra futura redditività”, ha scritto il consiglio nella lettera. “La competitività e la capacità di investimento restano importanti prerequisiti per questo”.
Gli analisti temono che l’interferenza del governo ostacolerà la capacità di Lufthansa di eseguire rapidamente un programma di ristrutturazione pianificato, il che ridurrebbe la sua flotta del 13% e potrebbe causare fino a 10.000 perdite di posti di lavoro. Circa i due terzi del personale, oltre 80.000 persone, lavorano già a orari ridotti.
L’amministratore delegato Carsten Spohr ha dichiarato martedì che Lufthansa voleva preservare la sua “libertà di prendere decisioni e agire”.
“Quindi ora abbiamo bisogno del sostegno del governo, ma non abbiamo bisogno della gestione del governo”, ha detto agli azionisti in videoconferenza.
L’aggiunta di una “componente politica” al consiglio di amministrazione di Lufthansa renderà le cose molto più difficili poiché la storia ha dimostrato che un’azione decisiva è il modo migliore per una compagnia aerea di sopravvivere a una crisi, ha detto Daniel Roeska, analista di ricerca senior presso Bernstein.
“La più grande preoccupazione strategica è la durata dell’influenza del governo”, ha aggiunto. “Speriamo che anche gli investitori abbiano l’opportunità di partecipare a un aumento di capitale per dimostrare il loro sostegno al business”.
Stringhe allegate
Diversi principali vettori in Europa e negli Stati Uniti hanno cercato fondi per gli investitori e salvataggi del governo per sopravvivere a una crescente crisi finanziaria causata da restrizioni di viaggio per frenare la pandemia di coronavirus.
Questi sono soggetti a condizioni, tra cui accordi dei vettori per ridurre le emissioni di carbonio e un divieto temporaneo di licenziamenti tra le compagnie aeree americane. La cancelliera tedesca Angela Merkel ha dichiarato la scorsa settimana al dialogo sul clima di Petersberg che i governi che rispondono alla pandemia con piani di stimolo economico non dovrebbero ritirarsi dagli obiettivi di protezione del clima.
Un portavoce della Lufthansa ha dichiarato alla CNN Business la scorsa settimana che gli adeguamenti della capacità a seguito della crisi del coronavirus stanno accelerando la graduale eliminazione degli aerei più vecchi con una minore efficienza del carburante. Ma “gestione delle crisi” significa che gli investimenti futuri, come nei carburanti per l’aviazione sostenibili, saranno più difficili.
“Se vogliamo continuare il nostro ampio impegno per la protezione del clima in futuro, è essenziale che riguadagniamo la nostra forza economica il più presto possibile”, ha affermato il portavoce.
Lufthansa scava un buco nelle sue riserve di liquidità al tasso di 1 milione di euro ($ 1,1 milioni) all’ora, ha detto Spohr martedì. “Tutti i nostri sforzi sono spazzati via da un singolo evento globale. Nessuno avrebbe potuto prevedere questo risultato”, ha detto.
“Il comportamento di viaggio dei viaggiatori cambierà, sia in termini di piacere che di viaggio d’affari. Di conseguenza, il trasporto aereo globale dovrà ristrutturare”, ha affermato Spohr.
source–>http://rss.cnn.com/~r/rss/edition_us/~3/TCB9enMgabI/index.html
Ninja della musica. Fanatico degli zombi. Esperto di birra. Pioniere del web in modo esasperante. Amante del cibo<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>توضیحات
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بهتر است روزی به مدت 8 تا 12 ساعت لامپ را روشن نگه دارید.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>水形物语迅雷下载
近日，美国评论家选择奖在洛杉矶颁奖。《水形物语》与《大小谎言》各夺得4个奖项，分别称雄电影和电视类奖项。获得14项提名的《水形物语》最终拿下了最佳影片、最佳导演、最佳艺术指导和最佳配乐奖。执导该片的墨西哥导演吉列尔莫·德尔托罗荣获最佳导演奖。这是他继7日斩获金球奖最佳导演之后的又一重要成绩，也使他成为本年度奥斯卡奖最佳导演的热门人选。
《水形物语》充溢着吉尔莫·德尔·托罗的魂魄，只因他自己也深爱着电影，更是这种热爱的化身。电影所囊括的一切：悬疑、暴力、色情、幽默、快乐甚至悲伤，尽皆在此。对硬核电影粉丝的致意也让这部影片更显饱满。在所有这些元素之外，本片依然充满魅力，甚至触及当今社会如种族及性别等诸多议题。总而言之，本片极为罕见地挑战了固有的电影类型分野。更何况，在电影开头银幕上出现的“吉尔莫·德尔·托罗导演作品”也证明了这是一部只有他才能制作完成的作品。它属于独一无二的“德尔·托罗”类型片。
一个超凡脱俗的童话，1963年，美国冷战时期，在一个高度警戒的政府实验室里，在此工作的Elisa(萨莉·霍金斯饰)深陷沉寂(此前说过她是哑女)、与世隔绝，非常孤独，但当她和同事Zelda(奥克塔维亚·斯宾瑟饰)发现一项机密实验的秘密之后，她的人生从此改变。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>طرح اروپا برای قطع واردات سوخت از روسیه و سرعت بخشیدن به تولید انرژی های تجدیدپذیر به توانایی آن در یافتن مواد معدنی، فلزات و سایر اجزای مورد نیاز برای تغییر شدید به سمت انرژی پاک بستگی دارد.
این برنامه که اخیراً توسط کمیسیون اروپا تهیه شده است، حرکت تاریخی این قاره به سمت انرژی بادی و خورشیدی را سرعت می بخشد و در عین حال منابع گاز طبیعی قاره، تنوع و بهره وری انرژی را افزایش می دهد.
اما هزینه دستیابی به این اهداف می تواند زیاد باشد.
تغییر سریع به سمت انرژی های تجدیدپذیر به توانایی اروپا برای استخراج یا واردات مواد مورد نیاز برای ساخت فناوری های انرژی پاک بستگی دارد. موادی مانند مس، لیتیوم و کبالت.
این در زمانی است که زنجیرههای تامین تحت فشار افزایش تقاضا برای انرژیهای تجدیدپذیر در سراسر جهان هستند.
کوین بوک، مدیرعامل Clear View Energy Partners (ClearView Energy Partners) میگوید: «چیزی که ما در مورد انجام آن صحبت میکنیم، انتقال از نوسانات در هزینههای متغیر هیدروکربنها به نوسانات ثابت در هزینههای مصالح ساختمانی و فلزات است. “گذر از محدودیت های اروپایی در ظرفیت تولید هیدروکربن داخلی به محدودیت های ظرفیت داخلی اروپا برای تولید کامل و استقرار زنجیره ارزش انرژی های تجدید پذیر.”
وی افزود: اینها انتخاب هایی هستند که ریسک ها را تغییر می دهند و جزئیات بسیار مهم هستند.
این برنامه بر اساس مجموعه ای از قوانین است که انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای اروپا را تا سال 2030 تا 50 درصد کاهش می دهد و تا اواسط قرن تولید گازهای گلخانه ای را به صفر می رساند.
هدف این طرح افزایش انرژی های تجدیدپذیر در اروپا از 40 درصد فعلی به 45 درصد کل انرژی تا سال 2030 است. این به معنای افزایش تولید انرژی تجدیدپذیر بیش از 1200 گیگاوات در مدت هشت سال است.
کمیسیون اروپا تخمین می زند که در صورت موفقیت اتحادیه اروپا در دستیابی به اهداف کوتاه مدت خود، تا پایان سال جاری، دو سوم واردات گاز این قاره متوقف خواهد شد. هدف این است که تا پایان دهه این واردات متوقف شود.
به گفته اورسولا فون در لاین، رئیس کمیسیون اروپا، “ما جاه طلبی خود را به سطح بعدی می بریم تا اطمینان حاصل کنیم که در اسرع وقت به سوخت های فسیلی روسیه نیاز نداریم.”
برخی از کارشناسان می گویند برای تعیین اینکه آیا می توان به این اهداف دست یافت یا خیر، به جزئیات بیشتری نیاز است.
طبق گزارش جدید گروه صنایع متالورژی Eurometaux (Eurometaux) و دانشگاه کاتولیک Leuven در بلژیک، اروپا ممکن است با کمبود انرژی پاک یا خطر وابستگی جدید به تامین کنندگان ناپایدار مواجه شود.
بر اساس این گزارش، هدف اروپا برای انتشار صفر برای سال 2050، به 35 درصد مس و 45 درصد سیلیکون – یک عنصر کلیدی در پنلهای خورشیدی – بیشتر از مصرف امروز این قاره نیاز دارد.
در همان زمان، تقاضا برای لیتیوم می تواند 35 برابر (بیش از 800000 تن) افزایش یابد و تقاضا برای سایر فلزات می تواند تا 26٪ افزایش یابد. تقاضا برای کبالت و نیکل می تواند به ترتیب 330 و 100 درصد رشد کند.
این مواد برای تولید خودروهای الکتریکی، باتریها، توربینهای بادی و پنلهای خورشیدی مورد نیاز هستند. محصولات کلیدی برای دستیابی به هدف بلندپروازانه اروپا برای حذف انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای.
برنامه بین المللی انرژی که اخیرا راه اندازی شده است نیز این خطرات را در زنجیره تامین به رسمیت می شناسد.
بر اساس این برنامه، «در حالی که اتحادیه اروپا قصد دارد به وابستگی خود به انرژی روسیه پایان دهد، همچنین مصمم است از وابستگی های آینده خودداری کند. با کاهش تقاضا برای سوختهای فسیلی، افزایش تقاضا برای مواد خام از جمله عناصر کمیاب و فلزات میتواند منجر به چالشهای عرضه جدید در مسیر انتقال انرژی شود.
دستور کار اتحادیه اروپا همزمان با رویکرد جهان به مرزهای انرژی است که به گفته دانشمندان می تواند اثرات جبران ناپذیری بر آب و هوا داشته باشد.
بر اساس گزارش سالانه سازمان جهانی هواشناسی، افزایش سطح آب دریاها، غلظت گازهای گلخانهای و گرما و اسیدی شدن اقیانوسها در سال گذشته به بالاترین حد خود رسید.
آنتونیو گوترش، دبیرکل سازمان ملل متحد در پاسخ به این گزارش، خواستار تولید گسترده انرژی های تجدیدپذیر شد.
وی گفت: ما باید عرضه اجزای حیاتی و مواد اولیه را برای فناوریهای انرژیهای تجدیدپذیر ایمن، تجدیدپذیر و متنوع افزایش دهیم. او اشاره می کند که چگونه زنجیره تامین مواد خام و انرژی تجدیدپذیر در دستان چند کشور محدود متمرکز شده است.
او افزود: «عصر نوسازی بدون پر کردن این شکاف گسترده شکوفا نخواهد شد.
رقابت منابع
برنامه انرژی اتحادیه اروپا راه هایی را برای اجتناب از وابستگی تجاری از طریق ترویج استخراج معادن و پالایش در اروپا و بازیافت فلزات و ضایعات مشخص می کند. این برنامه همچنین پتانسیل همکاری استراتژیک و توافقات تجاری جدید برای مواد خام با کشورهای آفریقا و آمریکای لاتین را برجسته می کند.
یکی از چالش ها، به ویژه برای انرژی خورشیدی، افزایش تولید پنل های خورشیدی و سایر اجزای مرتبط در اروپا خواهد بود.
اگرچه برنامه اتحادیه اروپا تامین مالی تولید محلی است، اما غلبه بر مزیت های رقابتی تولید در چین و آسیای جنوب شرقی دشوار خواهد بود.
از نظر مواد اولیه، اروپا می تواند از فلزات خاصی مانند آلومینیوم و مس در شبکه های برق خود استفاده کند. اما پروژه های معدنی در اروپا – و همچنین سازه های انرژی تجدیدپذیر مانند بادهای دریایی – با مقاومت جوامع محلی و گروه های سبز روبرو هستند.
برنامه ریزی نیز یک چالش است. معادن جدید – در صورت وجود – سال ها طول می کشد تا مجوز و توسعه داده شوند تا بتوانند به بهره برداری برسند. قیمتهای تاریخی انرژی همچنین ممکن است توانایی پالایش فلزات مورد استفاده در فناوریهای انرژی را محدود کند.
و این تاخیرها در مقیاس بزرگ قابل توجه است.
به گزارش بوک، «2030 در حوزه زیرساخت فردا است».
با این حال، بسیاری از مواد معدنی مورد نیاز اروپا مانند کبالت، نیکل و عناصر خاکی کمیاب نیاز به واردات دارند.
قوانین پیشنهادی که شرکت های اروپایی را ملزم می کند از نقض حقوق بشر و تخریب محیط زیست در زنجیره تامین خود اجتناب کنند، ممکن است محدودیت های عرضه را اعمال کنند.
و اکنون به این مانع بزرگ می رسیم: اروپا بیشتر کبالت، آلومینیوم و نیکل خود را از روسیه وارد می کند.
برام کلیس، مشاور پروژه همکاری تنظیم مقررات، یک سازمان غیرانتفاعی متمرکز بر انتقال انرژی پاک، گفت: “اروپا می خواهد تامین کنندگان خود را متنوع کند و اقتصاد چرخشی ایجاد کند تا مواد در اروپا بازیافت و استفاده مجدد شوند.”
تنگناهای عرضه و عدم اطمینان ژئوپلیتیکی می تواند چالش های بیشتری ایجاد کند.
گزارش جدید سازمان جهانی انرژی نشان می دهد که تولید انرژی های تجدیدپذیر می تواند رکوردهای جهانی را در سال جاری بشکند. اما انتظار می رود رشد در سال 2023 به دلیل کمبود عرضه و صدور مجوز کند کند شود.
سرمایه گذاری در آینده
طرح کمیسیون اروپا بر اساس یک پیشنهاد بلندپروازانه از ماه مارس است که بسیاری به آن خوشبین نبودند.
کمیسیون اروپا علاوه بر این برنامه، استراتژی های دیگری نیز منتشر کرده است.
یکی از بخش های این طرح افزایش بیش از دو برابری ظرفیت فعلی خورشیدی تا سال 2025 به 320 گیگاوات و نصب 600 گیگاوات تجهیزات خورشیدی تا پایان این دهه است.
طبق برنامه از سال 2025، نصب پنل های خورشیدی بر روی پشت بام برای ساختمان های تجاری و عمومی و از سال 2029 برای تمام ساختمان های مسکونی اجباری خواهد بود.
علاوه بر این، دانمارک، آلمان، بلژیک و هلند قول دادهاند که ظرفیت بادی فراساحلی خود را از 15 گیگاوات فعلی به 150 گیگاوات تا سال 2050 افزایش دهند – علیرغم دوره طولانی مجوز که توسعه انرژی بادی را کند کرده است.
کمیسیون اروپا همچنین اقداماتی را برای سرعت بخشیدن به فرآیند پیچیده صدور مجوز و شناسایی مناطق کم خطر زیست محیطی برای توسعه انرژی های تجدیدپذیر توصیه کرده است.
دریس آکه، مدیر سیاست گروه اروپا انرژی خورشیدیوی گفت: برای انتقال انرژی به منابع کافی مواد اولیه و مواد بازیافتی نیاز است.
این گروه نماینده 260 سازمان در بخش خورشیدی است و سرمایه گذاری بیشتری در تولید داخلی و رفع موانع تجاری برای تسهیل دسترسی به مواد اولیه و قطعات در تولید پنل های خورشیدی فتوولتائیک انجام داده است.
به گفته آکه، در حین کار برای تعیین مواد خام مورد نیاز برای تحقق جاه طلبی های اروپا برای انرژی پاک، نگاهی انتقادی به مواد خام برای انرژی خورشیدی اروپا و در دسترس بودن آنها مورد نیاز است.
بازیافت می تواند یک راه حل باشد.
طبق مطالعه دانشگاه لوون، بازیافت محلی فلزات مورد استفاده در توربینهای بادی و ماشینآلات میتواند 75 درصد از نیازهای انرژی پاک اروپا را تامین کند، اما این امر تا سال 2040 امکانپذیر نخواهد بود. پس از آن، توسعه بیشتر به توانایی اروپا بستگی دارد. سرمایه گذاری در عملیات بازیافت فعلی و جلوگیری از انتقال ضایعات فلزی به کشورهای دیگر.
کمبود نیروی انسانی نیز یک مشکل است – و برنامه اتحادیه اروپا با یک برنامه آموزشی تخصصی با آن مقابله می کند.
Ake می گوید: «نصب کنندگان در اروپا و سایر بازارهای بین المللی مشکلاتی را
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合众国在阿富汗Stan的犯罪行为。壹个人通晓内部原因的U.S.A.首席营业官声称，检察官们就好像早就调控要查明U.S.的刀兵犯罪行为，“美利坚联邦合众国的话他们会听一听，但是不会改换主意。”
United States和国际刑庭的涉及在小布什任内一定恶劣，但今年有所改正。纵然U.S.A.立法机构仍禁绝间接给国际刑庭提供开支，但U.S.经理曾声援国际刑庭引渡一些应诉，也提供过其余一些相助。本次周到考查美利坚同车笠之盟在Afghanistan的烽火犯罪行为将给下一届U.S.政党构建难点。此次公投火热候选人希Larry在国务卿任期内曾代表对美利坚合营国从未有过投入国际刑庭而感觉缺憾，但也没鲜明表态援助美利坚联邦合众国插手这么些团队。
U.S.百折不屈感觉不投入国际刑庭，那它就无权审判西班牙人。二〇〇三年，一名美利哥国务院的高等官员曾警示国际刑事法院，他称“审判未曾子预国际刑庭的国度的人民代表凌犯米利坚的主权”。但这种观点在列国司法界应者寥寥。London大学一个人名称叫凯文·Jon·海勒的French Open行家表示，“借使一名法国人会因为在某国犯罪而在这个国家被控诉，那也意味着任何国家的当局能够向民法通则院派出司法代表扩张正义。”
最少U.S.A.并未有认可过其余国家在U.S.A.的治外法权。
在奥巴马任期内，U.S.对这个国家际刑庭的法网权限的解读变得越发不清晰。Stephen·拉普是美利哥考察战罪的轮回大使，他在二零一四年说，国际刑庭对非会员国国民的投诉不应是纠缠政策是还是不是同意，而应改为一种奥地利人默许国际刑庭的有所司法权力的形式。StephenRapp已经偏离政党，这两日对一场耶鲁州立大学的集会的争长论短中，他代表，United States至于国际刑庭尚无司法权的传教截然站不住脚。同不经常候，U.S.政坛里面临此考察美利哥在Afghanistan战事犯罪的行为仍在答辩，特别是五角大楼感到此例一开，养虎伤身。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>PEBBLE BEACH，加利福尼亚州 - 用于芯片制造的硅基板严重过剩在一些细分市场正在缓和，而且价格高昂一位半导体材料专家在此次行业战略研讨会上表示，200毫米晶圆在过去三年下降了40%之后上涨。
硅供应商和芯片制造商之间的最新一轮谈判导致价格上涨据Rose Associates的资深分析师Daniel J. Rose称，用于制造0.25和0.18微米IC的200毫米基板的高达10-12%。他告诉参加年度国际空间站会议的高管们，日益增加的芯片出货量，更高的基板价格和更强的日元汇率将使2000年空白硅片材料的收入总体增长10.1%。晶圆加工厂预计将购买今年价值64.75亿美元的硅基板与1999年的58.83亿美元相比。
“已经有一个决定停止这种巨大的价格侵蚀已持续了三年，”罗斯在他的预测演示后表示。他表示，晶圆供应商 - 其中许多位于日本 - 已经能够说服半导体制造商立即需要额外的容量来满足对尖端集成电路不断增长的需求。总部位于加利福尼亚州Los Altos的分析师表示，对于0.18微米集成电路，200毫米晶圆基板必须具有几乎无缺陷的表面区域，并针对高速器件进行了优化。
“我们是尚未处于我们将出现晶圆短缺的位置，但我相信晶圆制造商将立即开始增加必要的产能以满足前沿的强劲需求，“罗斯说，他计划在今年年底退休。咨询了31年。罗斯在过去的23年里，在美国每次国际空间站会议上都提出了半导体材料预测。
虽然硅片供应商在长期衰退结束时开始看到光明，但硅供应商尚未在经济上回归罗斯警告说，站起来。去年晶圆供应过剩严重，世界空白硅晶圆生产商共计亏损近10亿美元，销售额达56亿美元，这引发了人们对其投资下一代基板和生产大直径晶圆的能力的质疑(见1999年11月在线杂志)。
“众所周知，材料供应商有能力通过更高的生产和生产率措施来降低成本，但你无法承受40%的价格下降，”罗斯观察到，他补充说，前沿基板增长10-12%将不足以满足增加产能所需的投资。
1999年至2002年间，硅基板的收入预计将增长42%至83亿美元根据罗斯的预测，在三年内。 1999年，晶圆供应商向全球半导体公司出口了42.63亿平方英寸的硅 - 相当于约一平方英里的硅片。罗斯预测，2000年芯片制造商使用的硅面积将增加约10%，达到46.92亿平方英寸，随后将增加近11%，达到2001年的52.04亿平方英寸。预计2002年的硅消耗量将增长8.3%，达到56.38亿平方英寸。
mm基板需求将在未来几年内发生。 Rose表示，200毫米(8英寸)硅基板的出货量将从1999年的14.41亿平方英寸增加到2003年的28.92亿平方米，复合年增长率为21.8%。
他预测，新兴的300毫米细分市场将占据芯片公司1999年使用的仅1400万平方英寸的硅片，2003年将增长1.12亿片。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Climate change controversies: A Simple Guide
The Royal Society, UK, has produced an overview of the current state of scientific understanding of climate change to help non-experts better understand some of the debates in this complex area of science. It identifies and responds to eight common arguments and sets out where the weight of scientific evidence lies. Examples of the misleading arguments they respond to include ‘The Earth's climate is always changing and this is nothing to do with humans’ and ‘Carbon dioxide only makes up a small part of the atmosphere and so cannot be responsible for global warming’.
Designed for use by the general public, educators will find it an invaluable source of information to help answer questions, for background reading and for preparing activities on climate change.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Caricamento del lettore...
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Altre 590 foto<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>باید بگوییم که شما تنها نیستید! کارجویان اغلب اپلای برای فرصتهای شغلی را با انداختن رزومه شان در یک سیاه چاله مقایسه می کنند.
البته این تشبیه چندان هم دور از واقعیت نیست: فقط 2 درصد از متقاضیانی که برای یک فرصت شغلی درخواست می دهند، شانس مصاحبه پیدا می کنند. یعنی از هر 50 متقاضی، فقط 1 نفر برای مصاحبه دعوت می شود!
قبل از اینکه از این آمار و ارقام ناامید شوید، باید خبر خوشی به شما بدهیم: کارهایی هست که می توانید برای تغییر این وضعیت انجام بدهید. آیا شما هم مرتکب یک (یا چند) اشتباه رزومه نویسی زیر شده اید؟
بخش مشاوره و پشتیبانی کارپیرا به منظور یاری کارجویان برای تقویت رزومه حرفه ای خود و در نتیجه افزایش شانس استخدام برای آنها به ارائه توصیه های کاربردی در مورد نگارش رزومه و سوابق حرفه ای، ترجمه رزومه، پرسش های احتمالی مطرح شده در مصاحبه و معرفی تکنیک ها و انواع مصاحبه میگردد.
کارپیرا با سالها تجربه در امر نگارش، ویرایش و استانداردسازی رزومه و سایر اسناد مهم در اپلای شغلی و تحصیلی و همچنین آشنایی با نکات سرنوشت ساز در موفقیت در بازار کار بین الملل – از جمله رزومه- و همچنین دسترسی به شبکه گسترده کارفرمایان و کاریابی های بین المللی و وکلا و مشاوران مهاجرتی در سرتاسر جهان، آماده پشتیبانی از شما در تمامی مراحل گذار شما به بازار کار بین الملل می باشد. آژانس کاریابی بین المللی کارپیرا، ضمن سنجش تواناییها و علایق افراد و با استفاده از دانش و تجربه خود و دارا بودن روابط بلند مدت و منسجم با مراکز اشتغال یاریگر شماست.
کلیدواژه ها عباراتی هستند که می خواهید از نظر حرفه ای معرف شما باشد. ابزارهای پایش خودکار برای جستجوی متن در رزومه شما به کار برده می شوند تا این واژه ها را شناسایی کرده و شما را به عنوان یک گزینه احتمالی برای فرصت شغلی مد نظر انتخاب کنند. هر چه کلید¬واژه مرتبط را بیشتر در رزومه تان تکرار کنید، بهتر است، زیرا از طریق تکرار میتوانید به همخوانی قویتری ست یابید. هرچند نباید زیاده روی کنید. رزومه شما باید همچنان خوانا و حرفه ای باشد. در این مسیر، یافتن تعادل مناسب کار سختی است؛ چرا که رزومه شما، پس از مرحله پایش خودکار توسط یک شخص هم آن خوانده می شود. رزومه فاقد کلیدواژه ممکن است با وجود قوی بودن، پاسخ منفی بگیرد. هرچند، شما همچنان به یک رزومه چشم گیر نیاز دارید تا برای کارفرما جذابیت داشته باشد.
شاید ناعادلانه به نظر برسد، اما رزومه شما ممکن است فقط به این علت که آن را در فرمت اشتباهی ذخیره کرده اید بررسی نشود. اما ما در جهانی زندگی می کنیم که فناوری یک عامل بسیار مهم آن است. و در جهان استخدام نیز شرکت های بسیاری از سیستم های ردیابی متقاضی (ATS) برای پیش-ارزیابی رزومه ها و جستجو برای کلیدواژه های خاص استفاده می کنند. منظور از این کار، فیلتر کردن رزومه ها و صرفه جویی در وقت است.
گاهی این مطلب بدین معناست که رزومه شما ممکن است حذف شود. حتی اگر برای آن شغل ایده-آل باشید. مطمئن شوید که رزومه تان در فرمت ورد یا یک فرمت PDF متنی ذخیره شده است. رزومه های صرفا تصویری یا PDF فقط قابل چاپ گزینه های مردود هستند.
دلیل دیگر برای این که چرا کارفرمایان خارجی رزومه شما را نمی خوانند این است که:
رزومه تان طوری باشد که گویا متعلق به یک شخصیت کارتونی است. زیرا ممکن است با پاسخ منفی کارفرمایان مواجه شوید. از رزومه هایی با فونتها یا رنگهای متنوع یا هر عنصر طراحی غیرمعمول دیگر خودداری کنید. طرح های خلاقانه می توانند یک نشانه نوشتاری با رنگ تیره باشد که رزومه تان را زیباتر می کند. اما به یک هشدار توجه کنید: باید بدانید چه کار دارید می کنید؟ طراحی های افراط آمیز رزومه می تواند شما را از عرصه رقابت برای شغلی که استحقاقش را دارید حذف کند. وقتی تردید دارید، به یک طراحی ساده پایبند باشید. برای کاربردهای شغلی تمپلیت EuroPass را به شما توصیه می کنیم.
دلیل دیگر برای این که چرا کارفرمایان خارجی رزومه شما را نمی خوانند این است که:
در عصر رواج ابزارهای غلط یابی متنی، هیچ بهانه ای برای اینکه رزومه تان را کامل نخوانده و ویرایش نکرده باشید، وجود ندارد. اشتباهات تایپی غیرحرفه ای به نظر می رسند و نشان می دهد حتی خودتان هم رزومه تان را کامل نخوانده اید. هر متنی که می خواهید در رزومه تان بگذارید را در یک ابزار غلط یابی قرار بدهید. اگر ابزار دیگری نیافتید، همیشه گوگل هست. یک جستجوی سریع صدها ابزار غلط یابی رایگان را نمایش خواهد داد که به شما کمک می کند رزومه تان را ویرایش کنید.
کارفرمایان حتی در مورد طول رزومه هم نظرات خاصی دارند. رزومه دارای 4-3 صفحه معمولا نقطه امنی است. استفاده از تنها نیمی از یک صفحه نشان می دهد که شما هیچ نکته ارزشمندی درباره سوابق و توانمندی هایتان ندارید. یا اینکه اهمیتی نمی دهید که کمی درباره پیشینه کاریتان بنویسید. از طرفی رزومه های بیش از 5 صفحه نشان می دهد که شما هیچ فیلتری ندارید و از مهارتهای ویرایش خودتان بی بهره اید.
دلیل دیگر برای این که چرا کارفرمایان خارجی رزومه شما را نمی خوانند این است که:
زیرا کارفرمایان به شما خواهد گفت رزومه ای که ارتباط نزدیکی با شرح شغلی داشته باشد، موفقتر خواهد بود. افراد زیادی کیفیت را فدای کمیت می کنند. آنها از یک رزومه واحد برای اپلای صدها موقعیت شغلی استفاده می کنند. به همین خاطر کارفرمایان خارجی رزومه شما را نمی خوانند. به جای اینکه زمانتان را صرف اپلای برای شغلهای بی شماری کنید که واقعا مطمئن نیستید می خواهید. زمان بیشتری را صرف اپلای برای شغلهایی که واقعا می خواهید بکنید. به دنبال موقعیت هایی باشید که مورد علاقه شخصی تان است. این موقعیتها با مهارتها و انتظارات شغلی تان همخوانی دارند.
به طور متوسط، هر موقعیت شغلی که در اینترنت پست می شود، بیش از 100 درخواست دریافت می کند. قطعا رقبای بسیاری خواهید داشت!
پس اگر رزومه تان مانند 99 درخواست دیگری باشد که کارفرما دریافت کرده، به احتمال زیاد رزومه تان رد خواهد شد. مطمئن شوید که رزومه تان حاوی توضیحی درباره شخصیت تان نیز باشد.
منظورمان این نیست که از رنگ ها و فونت های غیرمعمول برای جلب توجه استفاده کنید. بلکه یک طراحی ساده اما شیک یا یک بیانیه شخصی می تواند رزومه شما را قدری از دیگران متفاوت کند. این موضوع به ویژه وقتی درست است که در یک حوزه خلاقانه کار می کنید. وقتی با افراد بسیار دیگری رقابت می کنید، جلب توجه کارفرما بسیار مهم است.
دلیل دیگر برای این که چرا کارفرمایان خارجی رزومه شما را نمی خوانند این است که:
انسانها عاشق داستان ها هستند.
شبکه های اجتماعی پر از روایتهای برانگیزنده از زبان مردم است. این داستانها share و likeهای زیادی را جذب خود می کنند. داستانها احساسات ما را برمی انگیزند.
در مورد رزومه نیز همین موضوع صدق می کند. به تصور اکثریت رزومه باید یک سند کاملا حرفه ای باشد، بدون ذره ای شخصیت یا جاذبه. اما دوران این حرف ها دیگر گذشته است. یک رزومه منحصربفرد که داستانی بازگو می کند و تصویری از مسیر حرفه ای شماست.
رزومه میتواند شما را به یک متقاضی برجسته و تاثیرگذار تبدیل میکند. انسانها فقط مجموعه ای از شایستگی ها، سوابق و مهارتها نیستند. سعی کنید داستان حرفه ای تان را بگویید. بهتر است فهرست طولانی مهارتها را به داستانی تبدیل کنید که برای کارفرمایان خواندنی باشند.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>نانو که در تزریق چربی به روش نانوفت و میکرو فت مورد استفاده قرار گرفته می شود، در اصل چربی مایع شده (امولسیون) است که فیلتر و صافی شده است. نانو فت ها و میکرو فت ها چربی های فیلتر شده و خرد شده ای هستند که به حالت مایع درآمده اند و غلظت بالایی دارند که شامل تعداد بی شماری سلول های بنیادی است و در نحوۀ تزریق نانو فت مورد استفاده قرار می گیرد.
سلول های بنیادی سلول های بیولوژیکی متمایزی هستند که در تزریق نانو فت نقش ویژه و منحصر به فردی به عهده دارند. سلول های بنیادی در اصل در تز
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队的新任主教练。华夏目前在联赛中仅仅排在第10位，但距离第3名国安仅有7分差距。华夏已在足协杯中出局，进军亚冠的唯一途径就是联赛。在联赛下半程中，科尔曼的任务就是力争联赛前3，争取拿到一张亚冠入场券。
作者：滨腾<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Kasım 2013'te meydana gelen olayda R.T.K., iddiaya göre daha önceden tanıdığı 15 yaşındaki E.K.'nin cebinden 20 lirasını aldı. R.T.K., 5 gün sonra yine daha önceden tanıdığı 16 yaşındaki B.K.'yı okul çıkışında durdurup cebindeki 45 liradan 20'lirasını alarak ayrıldı. İki öğrencinin polise şikayeti üzerine gözaltına alınan R.T.K., çıkarıldığı nöbetçi mahkemece tutuklandı.
R.T.K., Zonguldak 2'nci Ağır Ceza Mahkemesi'nde yağma suçlamasıyla açılan davada ilk kez hakim karşısına çıktı. R.T.K. savunmasında, arkadaşlarının doğum günü için paraya ihtiyacı olduğunu, bu yüzden borç aldığını, daha sonra geriye vereceğini, amacının gasp olmadığını iddia etti.
Mahkeme heyeti de yaklaşık 3 aydır tutuklu olan R.T.K.'nın 15 yaşından küçük olması ve tutuklamanın tedbir mahiyetinde olmasını göz önünde bulundurarak tahliye kararı verdi. Duruşma ertelendi.
GG(EE/AK)<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>قهرمانان سلامت - نمایش محتوای تلویزیون
از زمان شیوع بیماری کرونا تعداد زیادی از هم استانی های عزیزیمان جان خود را از دست دادهاند که با توجه به شرایط موجود، امکان برگزاری مراسم سوگواری برای آنها وجود نداشته و این مسئله بر داغ بازماندگان افزوده است.به همین خاطر شبکه استانی سیمای مرکز اصفهان همزمان با شبکه های استانی سراسر کشور برنامه ای را به این مناسبت برای ابراز همدردی و همدلی با خانواده هایی که عزیزی را بر اثر بیماری کرونا از دست داده اند پخش شد.
گرامیداشت متوفیان بیماری کرونا و قهرمانان و شهدای حوزه سلامت، پخش آرشیوی از پیام و تشکر مقام معظم رهبری از مدافعان سلامت، مداحی و همدلی با خانواده های داغدار و پخش پیام تصویری قدردانی وزیر بهداشت از ابتکار رسانه ملی در برگزاری سوگواری تلویزیونی درگذشتگان بیماری کرونا از جمله آیتم های این برنامه در مسجد جامع اصفهان بود.
برنامه قهرمانان سلامت ساعت 22:00 یکشنبه 14 اردیبهشت 1399 به صورت زنده از شبکه اصفهان پخش شد.
برای دانلود برنامه کلیک کنید
تهیه شده در سیمای مرکز اصفهان<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>تمرینات ورزشی مفیدوقتی تاثیر رژیم غذایی در شما ثابت می شود، که معمولاً بعد از گذشت چند هفته از شروع رژیم اتفاق می افتد و بدن به مصرف کم کالری ها عادت میکند، ورزش راه خوبی برای تغییر این وضعیت است
ورزش برای کاهش تاثیرات یائسگی و پوکی استخوان، و چاقی دوران میانسالی ضروری است.
اگر می خواهید ورزش را شروع کنید، اما نمی دانید که چه باید بکنید، این چند نکته می تواند کمکتان کند.
- سطح ورزش خود را تعیین کنید.
- یک برنامه تمرینی تهیه کنید.
- یک همراه ورزشی پیدا کنید.
- انواع ورزش هایی که می توانید انتخاب کنید.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>nba比赛赌注app三角下程测量的计算公式如图6.27所示,已知A面的下程HA,要测定B面的下程HB,可安拆经纬仪于A面,量与仪器下iA;正在B面横破标杆,量与其下度称为觇B标下vB;用经测高公式怎么求出来的nba比赛赌注app(高程测设的计算公式)公式确切是如此，真现细确。已知本初下程+后视标尺读数确切是视野下，便利计算中间面的下程。
1、下好的计算公式是后视－前视＝下好。下好的计算公式是后视－前视＝下好，下好／间隔＝坡度，下好是两面间下程之好，
2、用已知面算出视野下，再测出支座垫石标下。已知面下程+后视读数=视野下；视野下-前视读数=目标下程假如一站测没有到，则要转站测。
3、直线段：所供面标下=起初面标下+坡度×里程删量；横直线段：要再减上（或减往）横直线形成的下好。Δh=Δx^2/2/RΔh
4、海拔下度也称尽对下度，确切是某天与海仄里的下度好，仄日以均匀海仄里做标准去计算，是表示空中某个地点超越海仄里的垂直间隔。海拔的出收面叫海拔整面或水准整面是某
5、现测出您的身下，再测出您事先躯体的影少，再测旗杆的影少（要快，最好能同时测），计算公式：旗杆的影少/躯体的影少*您的身下=旗杆的下度，仄里镜我没有明黑有甚么
6、下程的计算有两种办法1已知下程+下好=待测下程(下好法)下好=前视度数-后视觉读数2已知下程+已知下程面读数=hh-待测面读数=待测下程(等下法)
经常使用测量计算公式RSD=S/X*100%其中S为标准恰恰背,x为测量均匀值.?RSD确切是变同系数:变同系数的计算公式为:cv=S/x(均值)X100%?标称误好最大年夜的尽对误好)/量程x测高公式怎么求出来的nba比赛赌注app(高程测设的计算公式)供三角形的nba比赛赌注app底或下(一)讲授目标:⑴能细确天找出三角形中一组对应的底或下。⑵能按照三角形的里积计算公式列出圆程,供出三角形的底或下。重面、易面:重面:分局三角形的里<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>柴油络合脱氮—加氢组合工艺的研究
【摘要】：
在全球能源问题和环境问题趋于严峻的今天,低硫、低芳的清洁柴油替代汽油作为主要的车用燃料已成为一种趋势,柴油的深度脱硫技术是其应用的关键。络合脱氮-加氢组合技术因其工艺路线简单、操作条件温和、成本低廉成为研究的新方向。本文主要研究了焦化柴油络合脱氮剂的制备以及加氢精制催化剂载体改性,为柴油络合脱氮-加氢精制技术的工业化提供研究基础。
在文献综述的基础上,确定从溶剂和络合剂两方面研究脱氮剂的配方,采用静态脱氮法对脱氮剂进行了脱氮能力的评价比较。试验结果表明,由磷酸、三氯化铁和丙三醇合成的脱氮剂脱氮效果最好,在剂油比1:100时,碱氮脱除率达到82.35%。并研究了脱氮剂中的组分对其影响。同时对脱氮工艺条件进行了优化,采用正交设计法确定了最佳脱氮工艺条件,即反应温度85℃,反应时间30min,沉降时间60min,剂油比1:100。本文还进行了加氢催化剂的制备和工艺条件优化。通过在载体合成时加入改性助剂A改善了载体的孔结构,制备出适用于柴油精制的加氢催化剂并确定了加氢工艺条件,即温度360℃,压力8.0MPa,空速1.0h-1,氢油比500:1。
脱氮剂和脱氮工艺以及加氢催化剂和加氢工艺确定后,本文又进行了络合脱氮-加氢组合工艺的研究。自行研制的催化剂100ml对比加氢评价试验结果表明,掺混焦化柴油脱氮油的原料的加氢生成油硫含量、氮含量、芳烃含量和十六烷值等性质比掺混焦化柴油的原料变化明显,硫含量由18.24μg/g降低至7.32μg/g,降低了10.92μg/g,芳烃含量由28.50%降低至21.10%,降低了7.4%,十六烷值由47.50提高到52.50,提高了5个单位。可见采用络合脱氮-加氢组合工艺,在先脱除氮化物的前提下,进一步脱除了硫化物和芳烃,完全达到了生产低硫、低芳清洁柴油的目的。<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Il muscolo brachioradiale è un muscolo superficiale che occupa la regione laterale dell'avambraccio ed è ben visibile nelle persone normopeso.
Origina sulla cresta sopracondiloidea laterale dell'omero (sotto il solco del nervo radiale) e sul setto intermuscolare laterale.
Si inserisce alla faccia radiale del processo stiloideo del radio. E' un muscolo monoarticolare che porta l'avambraccio in una posizione intermedia tra pronazione e supinazione. In questa posizione è un potente flessore del gomito. Interviene dunque in movimenti come il curl con presa "a martello" per allenare gli avambracci e nel sollevamento per il manico di un boccale di birra (con la mano parallela al piano mediano). La sua azione flessoria è invece debole se l'avambraccio si trova in supinazione. Esulando da un contesto prettamente anatomico, questo muscolo è particolarmente sviluppato nel personaggio dei fumetti chiamato Popeye e conosciuto in Italia come Braccio di ferro (ops... avambraccio di ferro)!
E' innervato dal nervo radiale (C5-C6).
|ORIGINE |
cresta sopracondiloidea laterale dell'omero; setto intermuscolare laterale.
|INSERZIONE |
f accia radiale del processo stiloideo del radio
|AZIONE |
Flette il gomito e porta l'avambraccio in una posizione intermedia tra pronazione e supinazione
|INNERVAZIONE |
nervo radiale (C5-C6)
|Arto superiore||Arto inferiore||Tronco||Addome||Articoli|<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>北京时间1月19日，据美媒报道，休斯顿火箭已经收到了很多支球队对于PJ-塔克的询价电话，而塔克自己并不反对被球队所交易。
根据Kelly Iko和Sam Amick的联合报道：“有消息称这个赛季的塔克已经准备好为休斯顿效力，即使他的未来没有被限制，但是他并不反对交易。据了解，目前有一份续约合同，但塔克没有接受。球队已经给休斯顿打了很多电话，想要得到塔克。”
“在哈登离开火箭之后，很多支球队都打来电话询问塔克是否可以上场，至于续约的问题，有消息称塔克已经搁置了谈判。”
根据此前其他报道，火箭希望用塔克通过交易得到3个第二轮选秀权。
值得一提的是，塔克是2017年加入火箭队的，从那以后一直是球队不可或缺的一部分。上赛季，他在72场比赛中场均6.9分，6.6个篮板，0.5个盖帽。塔克对于球队的价值绝不仅仅是体现在数据上，更是他场上蓝领的角色。
（Emily）<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>An increasing number of herpes sufferers are searching for alternate options to Valtrex and different herpes medicines to avoid the many potential unwanted side effects or keep away from the excessive cost of daily remedy. The second sort of different drugs known as mind-physique intervention. This means that there can be rising opportunities for conventional and options healthcare workers. It’s now becoming increasingly common for medical doctors to refer patients to aromatherapists and acupuncturists together with their very own pharmaceutical therapies.
For instance, there are lots of pure therapies primarily based on herbs that can cure varied diseases without the usage of traditional medicine. These developments are naturally welcome, and the sphere of different medication ought to, be pleased with this progressive step.
The primary classification of alternative medical system is predicated on complete programs of each observe and concept. Massage will enhance blood circulation and enhance scalp well being. There isn’t a contradiction on this case, and we generally have to mix conventional and standard medicine.
A health or medical follow is named “alternative” if it is based mostly on untested, untraditional, or unscientific rules, methods, remedies, or knowledge. Two men, each of whom are 35 and have similar flu symptoms, don’t necessarily and automatically have the identical well being situation, nor ought to they receive the same treatment.
The Execs And Cons Of Herbal Remedies
Increasingly folks than ever earlier than have gotten concerned about pure drugs and a extra pure alternative to medicine and surgery for certain health conditions. Because actually “different” medical practices would be ones which can be identified to be equally or practically equally effective, most “various” medical practices are usually not really “various,” but quackery. Chinese drugs: Holds the idea that to be wholesome, the physique ought to strike a balance between the 2 forces of nature – yin and yang.
Improvement of bodily capabilities relies on what individuals eat and drink, because the similar relieves, stimulates and has a healing impact on the body. Often, therapies like ayurveda, herbal medication, people drugs, homeopathy, acupuncture, naturopathy, food regimen practices, chiropractic, music therapy, therapeutic massage, pranic healing, etc.
alternative medicine examples, alternative medicine definition wikipedia, alternative medicine doctors
There are quite a few theories as to what causes the prostate to develop, mostly coping with the testosterone chemical in a person’s physique. Some herbal remedies could prove to be more potent than others, depending on a few varying components that will affect the herbal remedy’s effectiveness, such as the growing circumstances of the herbs like exposure to air, mild and moisture, and even the best way that it was harvested.
Enlarged Prostate Different Medication
Historical past has it that alternative medicine goes again 5000 years to Chinese language traditional medicine, Indian (Ayuryedic medicine) and comparable healing traditions in lots of cultures. A therapeutic course of primarily based on holistic medication could be the follow of a selected treatment for a particular disease. Shampoos and different therapies that include nutrients aren’t more likely to be efficient. The effectiveness of herbal treatments varies. Unfortunately, since these herbal cures make well being and illness claims, there have been discrepancies as to where they are going to be categorized, and the way they’ll be regulated.
Most natural alternatives to Valtrex have few to no unwanted side effects to take care of, as they consist of anti-viral natural extracts which are typically considered protected by the FDA. In April 1995, the panel of Nationwide Institutes of Well being, Bethesda, Maryland, worked on Definition & Description, CAM Analysis Methodology Conference, Workplace of Alternative Medicine.
alternative medicine for anxiety, alternative medicine degree uk, examples of complementary and alternative medicine, alternative medicine definition wikipedia, alternative medicine definition of terms
All in all, an absolute yes or no reply vis-a-vis security and effectiveness of Various drugs does not exist. Drink ginger tea since it’s efficient within the remedy of nausea and heals the physique naturally.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Sutton Hoo Ship Burial
- Sutton Hoo Ship Burial
Nine silver triangular vandykes from bottles 1939,1010.122-127, in fifty-nine fragments, including some gold foil overlays; mounted on a modern perspex backing.
Each vandyke is decorated with repoussé Style II decoration, comprising two facing animals with D-shaped eyes, their heads meeting at the broad end of the triangle. Their ribbon bodies are filled with transverse beading between plain raised borders; their bodies taoer towards the point of the triangle, and terminate in a long 'feathered' inward-facing foot. The animals have front hips and long thin legs which interlace symmetrically, pass through the animals' jaws and end in a three-toed foot in the upper corners of the triangle. At the pointed base of each triangle is a frontal human mask with circular eyes, moustache and beard formed by three beads; three triangles arranged over the head resemble hair. The entire design is contained within a beaded border which runs around all three sides of the vandyke, with a plain margin pierced with nine rivet holes, four down each long side and one at the tip of the triangle.
- early 7thC
- Excavated/Findspot: Sutton Hoo, Ship-burial Mound: 1
- (Europe,United Kingdom,England,Suffolk,Sutton (parish),Sutton Hoo)
- Length: 6.3 centimetres
- Width: 2.3 centimetres (max)
On display: G
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the influence of the sea already had a cooling effect.
In addition, the comfort of visitors to the park has improved since the cool pavements were installed. In hot weather, comfort conditions that could be described as ‘Extremely Hot’ before fitting the cool pavements could now be described as ‘Very Hot’ and close to the ‘Quite Hot’ zone.
The number of visitors to the park has increased and visitors have said that they are satisfied with the heat comfort levels in the park.
The impact of cool pavements depends on local conditions and effectiveness can be reduced, for example, by strong winds. In addition, cool pavement materials have less effect during cooler summers and are not expected to lower temperatures during winter months.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Nei fast food, le patatine fritte sono sempre presenti, ma il processo di preparazione di questi alimenti rappresenta una criticità nel decidere se l'alimento è adatto al consumo. L'identificazione della presenza di sostanze tossiche come l'acrilammide nelle patatine fritte attraverso i metodi convenzionali richiede tempo, analisi distruttive e personale addestrato.
Ricercatori dell'Amity University di Noida (India) hanno sviluppato una tecnica analitica basata sull'elaborazione automatica di immagini per rilevare la presenza di acrilammide in patatine fritte.
"L'area della patatina fritta viene segmentata dal suo background e poi analizzata con la trasformata Wavelet di Morlet. Le caratteristiche discriminatorie estratte vengono poi analizzate strategicamente e classificate per identificare la presenza di acrilammide. Il metodo proposto ha una precisione del 98,33% con una specificità del 100% - riferiscono i ricercatori - I risultati attendibili e i tempi di rilevamento rapidi indicano che questo metodo può essere utilizzato per lo sviluppo di applicazioni non distruttive in tempo reale per il monitoraggio della qualità degli alimenti".
Fonte: Yadav Anjali, Sengar Namita, Issac Ashish, Dutta Malay Kishore, 'Image processing based acrylamide detection from fried potato chip images using continuous wavelet transform', 2018, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Vol. 145, pag. 349-362.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>32 yaşında ki kedi Nutmeg, dünyanın en yaşlı kedisi olarak bilinmekteydi. Nutmeg’in kalp sorunları nedeniyle öldüğü belirtildi.
Liz ve Ian Finlay, Nutmeg’i 1990’da bahçelerinde bulup sahiplenmişler ve o günden itibaren Nutmeg evlatları gibi olmuş.
Liz ve Ian, Nutmeg’i solunum zorluğu sebebiyle veterinere götürmüş. Veterinerde tüm çabalara rağmen kurtarılamayan Nutmeg, 32 yaşında hayatını kaybetti. Nutmeg’in dünyanın en yaşlı kedisi olduğu düşünülüyordu.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>作者：Aynur Karimova
2015年1月至8月，阿塞拜疆的国内生产总值达到360.3亿马纳特（344亿美元），超过去年同期的4.2％。
阿塞拜疆国家统计委员会在最近公布的关于前八个月经济指标的报告中宣布了这一点。
该委员会表示，在报告期内，该国经济的非石油部门与2014年同期相比增长了7.3％，其占GDP的比例为68.4％，比该指数高出约10.7个百分点。去年同期。
石油和天然气的生产和加工量占国内生产总值的31.6％，与去年同期相比下降了0.1％。
统计委员会还指出，阿塞拜疆国内生产总值的54.34％来自生产部门，其中34.6％为工业，13.4％为建筑业，6.3％为农业，林业和养鱼场。
产品和进口的净税收占阿塞拜疆国内生产总值的8％。 总产量的37.66％来自服务业。
能源丰富的阿塞拜疆政府一直在采取重大措施来发展非石油部门，因此在过去的2 - 3年里，非石油部门的增长率在10％至15％之间。 国家一级通过了有关非石油部门发展的相关计划，主要涉及农业，工业和信息技术部门。
2015年被宣布为阿塞拜疆的农业年，期望在该部门参与国家财政资源并促进该国的农业潜力。
阿塞拜疆计划在2015年出口价值268亿美元的产品，其中约27亿美元将是非石油部门的商品。
阿塞拜疆政府预测2015年非石油部门在阿塞拜疆国内生产总值中的份额将达到65.1％，比2014年的预测高出5.5％，比2013年高出8.5％。
今天，由于能源财富，内部稳定和西方政策支持的经济增长，阿塞拜疆正在积极发展国民经济的非石油部门。 在这方面，政府的主要口号是“将石油资本转变为人力资本”。
9月18日的官方汇率为1.0473 AZN / USD。
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Aynur Karimova是AzerNews的职员记者，在Twitter上关注她：
在Twitter 上关注我们<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Women’s contemplative life: the strength of the consecration to God
On July 22 2016, the Apostolic Constitution “Vultum Dei quaerere” was published. It is dedicated to women’s contemplative life in monasteries. Pope Francis, once again, stresses the importance of the female component of the Church and he creates a continuum with Pope Pius XII who, 66 years ago, gave birth to the Apostolic Constitution “Sponsa Christi”. With “Vultum Dei quaerere”, the Holy Father reminds that, nowadays, “the dark night of time”, there is a urgent need for contemplative nuns, “the lighthouse which enlightens the journey of today’s women and men”.
The Church has always shown huge love for women and men who have decided to live completely and unconditionally in Christ and for Christ. Throughout history, monastic contemplative life has progressively acquired a female nuance, becoming the heart of a restless prayer. Women’s contemplative life, the Bishop of Rome states in “Vultum Dei quaerere”, has undergone an evolution along the history of the Church. The individual experience of consecrated virgins has evolved in an institutionalized order, recognized by the Church. The latter, explains the Apostolic Constitution, has always identified the Virgin Mary as the “summa contemplatrix” (Dionigi il Certosino, Enarrationes) who, “From the annunciation to the resurrection, through the pilgrimage of faith that reached its climax at the foot of the cross, Mary persevered in contemplation of the mystery dwelling within her” (“Vultum Dei quaerere”).
What is the contemplative life? The etymology of the verb “to contemplate” represents the essence of the consecration to God and of living in His contemplation. “To contemplate” comes from the Latin “cum (with) templum (sky space)”. In the ancient Rome, the priest, called augur, interrogated the Gods through the birds’ flight. He used the lute to map the portion of the sky he would observe to retrieve Gods’ willingness. Through this con-templation he was able to receive God’s messages. Consequently, in general terms, “to contemplate” means attentively observe something or someone and do not care about the material things of the world. The contemplative is a person who constantly looks at God, considered as the unum necessarium. Contemplatives appreciate the value of material things, they do not allow them to block their mind and heart. Contemplatives have their face constantly turned to God, as Jesus Christ’s face is turned to the Father. The Holy Spirit, then, gives contemplatives peace, serenity and strength, taking them away from the world’s futility. Obviously, contemplative life can meet subtle temptations and internal spiritual fights. Only faith, prayer and the strength of the spirit deriving from contemplation can drive away ‘the most precious of the devil’s potions’, i.e. the temptation to escape form eternal life and get closer to the ephemeral and the fleeting , faint melancholy, lacking in hope (“Vultum Dei quaerere”).
We do not have to identify contemplative life only with a monastic order. Contemplation, broadly considered, can become a practice and an added value for those who have decided to live their everyday life on the basis of the example of Our Lord, Jesus Christ. Living with one’s face constantly turned to God means decide to live praying, as reminded by Pope Benedict XVI; it means conferring a crucial role to the word of God in individual and collective life; it means confide in the sacraments of the Eucharist and Reconciliation; it means dip personal relations with fraternity, transforming a multitude of subjects into “one heart and one soul” (Acts 4:32).<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Few, if any, occasions within the past thirty years have meant more to the Negro race than that which calls us here. The Negro has been a laborer in this country nearly three hundred years, but with few exceptions he has been a forced laborer, an unskilled laborer, or an ignorant laborer; but here at the mouth of the James, but a few miles distant from where we entered this country as slaves, we have inaugurated today the largest and most complete attempt in this country to make the Negro an intelligent, conscientious, skillful producer, and to have him appreciate the dignity, beauty, and civilizing power that there is in labor. For this magnificent opportunity, not only the Hampton Institute but the Negro race bows in thanks to Mr. Morris K. Jesup, the generous helper, who has made what we see here possible; Dr. J.L.M. Curry, the farseeing agent of the John F. Slater Fund; as well as all the trustees and generous friends who have united in the opening of this new door. Coming as it does on the heels of the decision of the great American Jury, that our own country is to go forward and not backward in its business and commercial life, this enterprise means much, not alone to the Negro, but to the entire nation. Within the two decades it will be decided whether the Negro, by discarding ante-bellum ideas and methods, by putting brains and skill into the common occupations that lie at his door, will be able to lift labor our of toil, drudger, and degradation into that which is dignified, beautiful, and glorified. Further, it will be decided within this time whether the Negro is to be replaced, crushed out as a helpful industrial factor by the fastspreading trades unions, in connection with thousands of foreign skilled laborers, that even now press hard and fast upon his heels and seem to press him into the very death, This question is for such unselfish members of the Anglo-Saxon race as are gathered here to help decide — and in deciding, not alone for the Negro, but whether you will have eight million people in this country, a nation within a nation, that will be a burden, a menace to your civilization and commercial life.
The Negro in slavery was tied to the white man through the bill of sale. In freedom he must tie himself to the white man through the bonds of commerce and the cultivation of the sympathetic good will of his white neighbor. When a black man has the best farm to be found in his county, every white man will respect him. A white man knows the Negro that lives in a two-story brick house whether he wants to or not. When a black man is the largest tax payer in a community, his neighbors will not object very long to his voting and having his vote honestly counted. In the future there must be a more vital and practical connection between the Negro’s educated brain and his means of earning a living.
But what has all this to do with the higher interests — the moral and religious side? I answer: Show me a race that is living on the outer edges of the industrial world, on the skimmed milk of business, and I will show you a race that is the football for political parties, and a race that cannot be what it should be in morals, and religion. I may be accused of wrong interpretation, but when the Bible says, —Work out your salvation with fear and trembling,— I am tempted to believe that it means what it says. In the past we have had the fear and trembling. As a race I believe we are to work out our salvation, work it out with pen and ink, work it out with rule and compass, work it out with horsepower and steam power, work it out on the farm, in the shop, schoolroom, sewing room, the office, and in all life’s callings. Here on these consecrated grounds I believe that we have a movement today that means the salvation of the Negro race, and as my people are taught in these classrooms, in these shops, on this farm from year to year to mix up with their religion zeal and habits of thrift, economy, carpentry, and blacksmithing with farming and sewing, with printing and house-building, and then as this influence penetrates the hills and valleys, the rice swamps, the Virginia tobacco fields, the Louisiana sugar bottoms, every hamlet and city, we shall agree that it is most possible for a race as for an individual to actually work out its salvation.
In attempting to elevate a race that has been in the position of the Negro race, nothing is so hard to avoid as extremes. It is not always easy to make a race, as well as its friends, see that on growth and development must we hang the line of certain well-defined and natural laws; that when there is artificial forcing, we have the superficial and deceptive signs of progress, but the real and permanent growth is wanting. The past history and present environment of the Negro lead him too often to imitate the white man at certain superficial points without stopping to count the steps, the years that it has taken the white man to reach his present position, or to note the foundations upon which his progress rests. Here at Hampton we have not alone the signs of progress but the reality, There is no position, however high, in science, or letters, or politics, that I would withhold from any race, but I would have the foundation sure.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>“So put aside that beach read for a few minutes and take this quiz to assess your financial SPF factor.”
While most people recognize SPF as standing for sunscreen, SPF–as defined in this article stands for Save, Protect, and Fund. After a brief explanation of each SPF financial term, the article asks 11 questions that someone can use to help gauge their financial knowledge and financial planning skills.
At the end of the quiz, you are also told how your answers stack up and then the article provides suggestions about how to improve not only your score, but also your ability to plan for your financial future and retirement.
For more information, click here.
You may want to use the information in this blog post and the original article to
- Stress the importance of effective financial planning over your lifetime.
- Begin a discussion about the benefits of long-term investments.
- Review time value of money calculations.
- How can financial planning help you obtain your goals and objectives?
- Why should you begin investing sooner rather than later?
- A common problem for some people is they don’t have the money they need to begin an investment program. Given your current circumstances, what steps can you take to “find” the money to start an investment program?<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>日赚五十手机赚钱
真实经济周期模型将经济衰退解释为“燃素”的外生性下降。给定产出，货币总量的变化所产生的唯一影响就是价格水平的同比例变化。在这个模型中，货币政策的效果是那么微不足道，正如普利斯科特在明尼苏达大学教给研究生的那样：“就理解经济问题而言，邮政经济学比货币经济学还要关键”（，，，，）。极速赛车前6后6
日赚五十手机赚钱 年诺贝尔经济学奖得住之一保罗·罗默（），生于年，美国经济学家，斯坦福大学教授。他被认为是经济增长方面的专家并且是诺贝尔经济学奖的有力候选人。罗默在年获得芝加哥大学物理学学士学位，并于年在该校获得经济学博士学位。他被《时代杂志》选为年美国最具影响力的人之一。
年月日，一艘被海底泥沙掩埋了年的沉船通过央视直播的画面展示在公众面前。在水下米深处，船体一侧，两个厘米见方、木质鎏金的“经远”铭牌向世人证明，这艘沉船就是甲午海战中弹沉没的“经远舰”。
穆：两支球队的比赛在很多时候都是错开的，只要恒大队的比赛在梅县铁汉队比赛的前一天或后一天踢，我都一定会看，也有一直关注恒大队的动态。
岁时升为四段，成为了职业棋手。年的杯上，半决赛击败了同年的羽生善治，收货了个人首个棋战冠军。年升为了九段。
虽然依旧领先恒大分，但对于上港来说只能算是看到夺冠曙光。之后做客苏宁、恒大和权健这三场比赛难度都不小，主教练佩雷拉也不敢托大，要求球队把每一场比赛都当成决赛来打。
这些能力可能会被滥用。年，数据科学家将近七十万人当作实验小白鼠，为他们提供快乐或悲伤的帖子，来测试情绪在社交媒体上是否具有传染性。（他们得出的结论是确实有传染性。）
月日，在大家喜迎中秋佳节之际，双色球迎来第期开奖，我省湖州彩民喜中注一等奖，奖金万元，中奖的是一张元自选票。中秋佳节“梦圆”双色球，实在有福！节后第一天，湖州幸运彩民胡先生化姓携一家口现身省中心兑奖室领取了奖金。
一分快3大小单双技巧 那么有限的人均出场时长是否就意味着此次集训对各球队影响微乎其微呢？事实并
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67 درصد و Nifty50 1.16 درصد افزایش یافت.
- سهام آسیایی ابتکار چین برای برقراری صلح با ایالات متحده را تشویق کرده اند.
- کاهش تورم توکیو انتظارات برای پول هلیکوپتری بیشتر از BoJ را افزایش داده است.
- PMI خوشبینانه Caixin Services خطر رکود جهانی را کاهش داده است.
در همین حال، خیابان پس از کنار گذاشتن محدودیتهای قرنطینه، انتظار بهبود اقتصادی محض از چین را دارد. رویترز گزارش داد: «چین ممکن است هدف رشد تولید ناخالص داخلی 2023 بالاتر از 4.5 تا 5.5 درصد پیشنهادی در نوامبر باشد.» در جلسه آسیایی، IHS Market داده های PMI خدمات Caixin را گزارش کرد. داده های اقتصادی به 55.0 رسیده است که بالاتر از اجماع 50.5 و انتشار قبلی 52.9 است.
به دنبال نشانههای مثبت S&P500، بازارهای حوزه آسیایی در روز جمعه بهبود گستردهای را نشان دادند. سبد 500 سهام روز پنجشنبه پس از ابتکار چین برای تقویت تجارت دوجانبه با ایالات متحده بهبود قابل توجهی را نشان داد.
منبع: https://www.fxstreet.com/news/asian-stock-market-cheers-chinas-attempt-of-making-peace-with-us-tokyo-inflation-softens-202303030518<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Paște fericit! Buona Pasqua!
La Pasqua è una promessa che Dio rinnova ogni primavera. Sia che la santa festa della Risurrezione del Signore ci porti la luce nell’anima, la fiducia in quelli che si trovano al nostro fianco, la tolleranza e l’amore per chi è diverso da noi, e la speranza per i romeni e per le minoranze nazionali di tutte le confessioni.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Clairaudient Olduğunuzun 11 İşareti
Pexels'ten Leandro Rodrigues tarafından çekilmiş pembe turuncu ve mor kıyı şeridi fotoğrafı
2020.05.04 güncellendi
Clairaudient olup olmadığınızı mı merak ediyorsunuz? Kulak çınlaması duymak ve bunun manevi bir anlamı olabileceğini düşünmek? Okumaya devam etmek -
Ruhu duyma yeteneğine denir duruişiti .
Duruişiti (net işitme), içsel olarak tezahür edebilir, yani zihninizde duyulabilir veya dışsal olarak, bir ses veya sizin dışınızda bir gürültü olarak duyulabilir.
Sesler duyduysanız, içsel bir diyalog kurduysanız veya kulaklarınızda çınlamalar duymaya başladıysanız, kahin hediyeleriniz geliyor olabilir.
Duruişiti ile Ruh'u duymak ve telepatik olarak iletişim kurmak mümkündür.
Duruişiti yeteneklerim açılmaya başladığında, duruişiti geliştirdiğime dair işaretler vardı, orada olmayan insanlar adımı söylüyordu, kulaklarım duyuyordu ve yüksek seslere karşı çok hassas oldum.
Duruişitiye açıldığınızda, bu, duymak için süptil planlara daha fazla açabileceğiniz anlamına gelir, bazen yapabileceğiniz en iyi şey susmaktır.
Çoğu insan, diğer tüm parazitler en düşük seviyedeyken, bilinen doğal kaynağı olmayan klişe sesleri fark eder. Bu nedenle bazı insanlar hediyelerini doğaya giderek ya da gece geç saatlerde uygularlar.
Clairaudience, Rehberleri, Melekleri ve Sevdiklerinizi dikkatlice dinleyerek duymanızı ve onlarla iletişim kurmanızı sağlar.
Aynı zamanda empatik - telepati, enerji alanınızda başkalarının düşüncelerini kelimeler olarak alma yeteneği ile de ilgilidir.
Ve yetenekleriniz açılmaya başladığında duruişiti kurnazca açılmaya başlayabilir veya bir patlama ile başlayabilir.
Bazı insanlar, hediyelerinin tüm işaretlerinin bir ay içinde geldiğini fark eder.
Her iki durumda da, duruişiti olarak bilinen yetenekle ruhları duyabileceğiniz veya telepatik olabileceğiniz on bir işaretin üzerinden geçeceğiz -
Clairaudient Olduğunuzun 11 İşareti
Fosil girdapları PublicDomain tarafından Pixabay'a yüklendi
#1
Bazen uzaktan bir televizyon, radyo veya herhangi bir kaynağın açık olmadığı bir konuşma duyarsınız.
#2
Sık sık duşta, arabada veya yalnızken kendinizle konuşuyorsunuz (Rehberlerinizle konuştuğunuzun bir işareti). iç duruişiti ).
#3
duyuyorsun ya da konuşuyorsun zihnindeki sesler akılcı, teşvik edici ve fikir sunanlardır.
#4
Koridorda veya bebek telsizi aracılığıyla etrafınızda fısıldaşmalar duymuşsunuzdur, bazen nazik ve sevecendir.
#5
Başka kimse yokken birinin adınızı söylediğini duydunuz.
# 6
Evin etrafında garip sesler duydunuz, örneğin vurma, vurma ve gıcırdama .
# 7
Duydun uğultu veya zil sesleri hiçbir açıklama olmadan.
# 8
Uçakta seyahat ederken veya sualtında dalış yaparken kulaklarınız çınladı.
Kulak patlamasının manevi anlamı, enerji değişikliklerini algılamayla birlikte gelebilecek basınç değişikliklerine duyarlı olduğunuzun bir işareti olabilir.
# 9
İnsan yapımı makinelerdeki uğultular veya gökyüzündeki uçaklar gibi başkalarının duyamadığı şeyleri sık sık duyarsınız.
# 10
Boğuk konuşmalar veya su altından geliyormuş gibi sesler duydunuz, bunu ormanda duydunuz.
#onbir
Nasihat vermenle tanınırsın ve işin bittiğinde, sen de dahil herkes mesajın tanrısallığına şaşırır - kanallık işareti .
Clairaudience belirtilerini merak ediyor musunuz? Bu gönderi, duruişiti geliştirmek için sahip olduğunuz en yaygın olanı ele alıyor. Pexels'ten Leandro Rodrigues'in pembe turuncu ve mor sahil şeridinin fotoğrafı üzerine Clairaudient olduğunuzu gösteren 11 İşaret
Yukarıdaki işaretlerden yedi veya daha fazlasına dikkat ettiniz mi?
Basiretçi olabilirsiniz, bu da Ruh'u duyabileceğiniz ve bir miktar telepati sergileyebileceğiniz anlamına gelir.
Ruhtakileri görme, duyma ve hissetme yeteneği daha kolaydır ve ruhsal gelişiminizde düşündüğünüzden daha erken başlar.
Duruişiti, uydu alıcısı olmaya çok benzer ve hangi frekansta olduğunuza bağlı olarak, alacağınız mesaj türlerini belirleyecektir.
Duruişiti yeteneğinizi nasıl geliştirebilirsiniz?
Net bir enerji sinyali göndermek duruişiti yeteneğinizi geliştirir.
Duru işitsel hediyeler geliştirmek için genellikle takas ve enerji alanınızı arıtmak ilk.
Psişik olarak uyanırken ruh halinizi, duygularınızı ve düşüncelerinizi yönetmek çok önemlidir.
Bunu yapmak, dostça mesajlar almak için sizi olmak istediğiniz dalga boyunda tutacaktır.
Enerjinizi temizlemek ve iyi bir ruh haline girmek, sizin için sağlıklı olacak enerji türleriyle bağlantı kurmanıza yardımcı olur.
Manevi yolun bir kısmı, aldığınız mesajların anlaşılmasını içerir.
Dolayısıyla, bir kez aldığınızı bildiğinizde, bir sonraki adım, dinleme söz konusu olduğunda, izin verdiğiniz şeyi ayıklamaktır.
Dışarıya ne gönderdiğinize de dikkat etmeye başlayın. Kendinizin bir şey gönderdiğini fark ederseniz, yeni bir kanala geçmek istemezsiniz. ruh halini değiştirmek .
Okumak: Duruişiti Nasıl Geliştirilir bu konu hakkında daha fazlası için.
Telepati ve duruişiti birbiriyle ilişkili mi?
Çoğu insan, Ruh Rehberleri ile iletişim kuran psişikler veya okumalarda ölenlerle iletişim kuran medyumlar açısından duruişitiye aşinadır.
Yine de bir duruişiti olarak, onu bu alemde, aynı yeteneklere sahip başkalarıyla veya ruh grubunuzdaki düşüncelerinizi hissedebilecek kişilerle kullanmak mümkün olabilir.
Duruişitinin bir yönü olan telepati faydalı olabilir. Bazı duruişitsel insanlar da telepatiktir.
için kullanabilirsin hayvanlarla iletişim ya da çocuk, yaşlı ya da uyuyan bir eş gibi hayatınızdaki duyulmayan birinin ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak.
Bir şeyleri psişik olarak kavrayabilen insanlarla ilişki kurmayı daha kolay buluyorum çünkü açıklamaya daha az zaman harcamam gerekiyor.
Telepatik güvenlik için, bir kişinin enerjisindeki düşünceleri yalnızca ruhsal veya duygusal olarak sizin için açma izniniz varsa okuyabileceğinizi bilin.
Yani bu hediyeyle bile, düşüncelerinizle hala sınırlarınız olacak.
Bu size benziyorsa, daha fazlasını öğrenin telepati ve duruişiti hakkındaki bu yazı .
Clairaudience hakkında daha fazla bilgi için
Duruişiti geliştirmek, Rehberlerinizle bağlantı kurmak veya hayvanlarla telepati açmak istiyorsanız, yukarıdaki makalelerle başlayın ve sonra -
Hediyelerinizi Açın e-Kursuna göz atın.
Üye Merkezinde mi? Üyenin Meditasyon Odasındaki Boğaz Çakrası Açma Meditasyonu, Psişik Güç Eğitimi Meditasyonu veya Kanal Meditasyonu'na göz atın.
amandalinettemeder.com
Beğenebileceğiniz Diğer Makaleler:<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Basic Islamic Studies
Islamic Studies for Kids is designed to introduce your kids to the real foundation of Islam and their Islamic identity. Throughout this program, younger students pass through various levels of learning and explore the beauty of their religion and how to be a true practicing Muslim. This program consists of 12 levels and is truly a gem for families who want to put their children on a path to meaningfully discovering their Muslim identity, incorporating Islamic practices into their everyday life, and truly understanding what their faith is all about.
The course will cover the following topics:
- Islamic Beliefs: Children will learn about the basic Islamic beliefs, including the belief in Allah, the Prophets, and the Day of Judgment.
- Islamic Practices: Children will learn about the Islamic practices, such as prayer, fasting, and charity.
- Islamic History: Children will learn about the history of Islam, including the life of Prophet Muhammad, the early Islamic civilization, and the spread of Islam.
- Islamic Morals and Values: Children will learn about the Islamic morals and values, such as honesty, kindness, and respect for others.
- Islamic Stories: Children will learn about the stories of the Prophets and other Islamic stories that teach important lessons and values.
The Islamic studies course for kids will be taught by experienced teachers who will provide individual attention to each child to ensure they learn at their own pace. By the end of the course, children will have a good understanding of Islam and its teachings, and will be able to apply its values and morals to their daily lives.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The plea that we should not be tempted into sin is not only found in the Jewish prayer book, but in other faiths too. Children of a certain different religion who were supposed to say,
“Lead us not into temptation”
are on record in New York as saying,
“Lead us not into Penn Station!”
The whole subject – naturally in more serious form – comes into this week’s Torah portion, where we see that Joseph, the handsome Hebrew youth, was constantly tempted by the wiles of the wife of his employer Potiphar (Gen. 39).
The wife’s name is not given in the Torah but according to tradition she was called Zulaikha. The young man must have found her very difficult to resist, and the Torah story shows that in the end he had no choice but to rush out, though leaving his cloak behind.
The sages of the Talmud (Yoma 35b) reconstruct the conversation between Joseph and Potiphar’s wife. When she threatened to lock him up, Joseph replied,
“God loosens the bound”.
When she said she would torture him, he said,
“God raises up those who are bowed down”.
When she said she would pluck out his eyes, he said,
“God gives sight to the blind”.
Whatever she said, he found in God a strength and support. So it is, the Talmud tells us, with anyone who faces temptation: their belief in God gives them the power to resist.
The Zohar says,
“In the messianic age, the Holy One, blessed be He, will slay the Tempter before the eyes of the righteous, and temptation will cease for ever”.
The rabbis say in Pir’kei Avot,
“Who is the hero?”
“He who controls his passions”.
OFF WITH HIS HEAD!
Potiphar, to whom Joseph was sold as a servant, is a leading character in the Joseph story. He is called in the Torah Pharaoh’s “sar hatabbachim”, which some versions translate “chief steward”.
He was obviously a major official in the Egyptian government. The Latin Vulgate calls him the king’s chief bodyguard or the captain of the palace guard, a very important staff member because the royal person was in constant danger and needed constant protection.
But whilst “sar” means a chief or prince – some think it is the origin of “sir” and “sire”, though that is only etymological imagination – the difficult question is what “tabbachim” means. In Hebrew it has a connection with food; perhaps it means a slaughterman, since “tabbach” is a butcher. There are those who believe Potiphar was the royal chef, trusted by the king to prepare his food without being suspected of poisoning the dishes. Rashi considers the word means “chief slaughterman of animals”, once again a task which required trustworthiness.
Onkelos, supported by Saadia Gaon and Ibn Ezra, give the name a political significance as “chief executioner”, i.e. chief slaughterman of human beings. In the type of kingdom which Pharaoh ruled, it was the chief executioner who carried out the ultimate penalty, “Off with his head!”
A CHILD’S NAME.
After a tragic series of events, Joseph’s brothers took his coloured coat, dipped it in blood and brought it to their father with the words,
“Look – is this not your son’s coat?” (Gen. 37:32).
Surely they knew their brother’s name, so why did they call him “your son”?
It seems to be a regular human habit not to use the name of someone you dislike. Saul says at a time when he is angry with David,
“Why has the son of Yishai not come?” (I Sam. 20:27).
Husbands and wives tend to follow this practice; the husband is annoyed with his child, so he says to his wife,
“Look what your son has got up to!”
The wife is angry with her daughter, so he says to her husband,
“Did you give your daughter permission to stay out so late?”
Note how the Torah tells the rest of the story. Jacob wasn’t having any of this “your son” idea. He looked at the blood-soaked coat and said,
“Yes, it is Joseph’s coat – a wild beast must have attacked him”.
He added, “Tarof toraf Yosef” – “Joseph has been torn to pieces”. There is an implication, “Tarof toraf ‘yosef'” – “(the name) Joseph has been torn out (of the family)”.
Just as there is a strict rule against deleting the name of God, by extension one should not delete the name of any of God’s children. If there is an exception it is only for an Amalek: someone who is inhuman and inhumane may have their name eradicated (Deut. 25:19). That explains why we allow people to attempt to drown out Haman’s name. It also explains why we refer to the Nazi tyrant with the words “Yimmach sh’mo” – “may his name be blotted out”.
Rabbi Apple served for 32 years as the chief minister of the Great Synagogue, Sydney, and was Australia’s highest profile rabbi and the leading spokesperson for Jews and Judaism on the Australian continent. He is now retired and lives in Jerusalem.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>مجسمه ای بزرگ با انگشتان شصت پایی بزرگ که دستانش را به سمت دروازه ورودی شهر گرفته و گویی همگتن را به شهر و دیدن زیبایی های آن دعوت می کند. این مجسمه که ساخت ایوان مستروویچ، مجسمه ساز مشهور شهر می باشد، در ورودی شهر قدیمی اسپلیت قرار گرفته است.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Totem segnaletico autoportante / per spazio pubblico
MODULAR
Tolerie Forezienne
Caratteristiche
-
Tipo:
autoportante
-
Tipo di mercato:
per spazio pubblico
Descrizione
IL SEGNALE di TF ha progettato i supporti modulari che guidano gli utilizzatori traversare facilmente lungo una vicinanza, una via, una zona industriale, ecc.
Con le loro dimensioni sottili e lisci il disegno, tutti i prodotti nella gamma lasci il messaggio essere evidenziato, mentre inseriscono perfettamente nel paesaggio.
Il sistema molto funzionale di rimozione e del montaggio assicura i cambiamenti rapidi delle pubblicità e l'aggiornamento facile dei messaggi.
La modularità dei prodotti li lascia evolversi come stato necessario basato sullo sviluppo della vicinanza in cui sono installati.
La versione della parte posteriore della pianura permette l'invio delle informazioni: programmi della città, tracce e più, all'interno ed all'esterno.
La gamma del SEGNALE di TF è inoltre ideale per l'omogeneizzazione della zona ed il regolamento delle pubblicità per eliminare “l'invio selvaggio„.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>跳过租用指南
欢迎来到最终的A-Z指南，以�
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就只能拿出一点点来，因为已经没有多余的钱财了。
后来欧阳氏名扬天下，人皆钦之。
冯氏主张均分家产
明朝有个欧公池，娶妻冯氏。欧公池有两个哥哥，都是庶出的（妾生的）。
父亲给他们兄弟三个分家产，想到欧公池是最小的，又是正出（正出：发妻、正室生的），便想多分一些给他。
没想到欧公池的妻子冯氏看了，便委婉地对公公说：「正出的和庶出的儿子若给父亲守孝，服孝期有区别吗？」公公回答：「当然没有区别，都是三年。」
冯氏便说：「他们兄弟三人都是公公您的儿子，既然服孝期没有区别，那么分家产又为何要有区别？公公您那样做，我认为不大好，也不是我们做后辈的福气呀！」
欧公池的父亲听了后，心里十分佩服儿媳妇的贤达孝悌，连连嘉叹，便十分公平地分了家产。
（均据清代蔡振绅《八德须知》）△
（有删减）<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>رسول شجری بیان کرد: در حالیکه بعدِ برجام (لغو تحریمها) دولت میتوانست کارخانههای مواد اولیه را ساپورت کند، اما اینکار را نکرد!
عربستان قطر را تحریم کرد، ما نتوانستیم از این فرصت استفاده کنیم، بجایش ترکیه از هوا و زمین ما استفاده کرد و فروشگاههای قطر را پر از کالای ترک کرد!<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Our eyes detects light. Light enters the pupil and is focused on the retina by the lens. Light-sensitive nerve cells called rods (for brightness) and cones (for color) react to the light. They interact with each other and send messages to the brain that indicate brightness, color, and contour. This article explains easy ways to improve your vision, so that you can enjoy beautiful world:
They are two of your most precious possessions, but chances are, you take your eyes for granted. Most of us do. But think for a second what life would be like without being able to gaze on your grandchild or your flower garden or even navigate the kitchen without incident. Prevent Blindness America, a nonprofit organization dedicated to vision issues, estimates that 50,000 people lose their sight needlessly every year and that 80 million Americans are at risk of eye diseases that can lead to low vision and even blindness.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Ödem nedir? Tam olarak bilmesek de ödem adını ve ödem atma kavramını sık sık duyarız. Peki, ödem nedir? Neden olur? Nasıl kolay ödem atılır? Ya da ödem atılır mı? Ödem atılan bir şey midir, bakalım. Bu soruları cevaplamadan önce ödem atma yöntemleri nelerdir? Onu da bir alt paragrafta anlatalım!
Ödem Nedir?
Ödem; vücuttaki dokuların anormal düzeyde sıvı biriktirmesiyle ortaya çıkan ve geneli gözle görülen, bazı uzuvlarda fark edilen anormal şişliklerdir. Vücutta şişme anlamına gelir. Kısacası vücudun gereksiz su / sıvı tutmasıdır, Vücutta kollar, bacaklar, diz, eller, ayaklar gibi uzuvlarda belirgin olarak gözlemlenir. Özellikle kol ve bacaklarda ve ayak bileklerinde daha kolay oluşur. Şişkinlik hissi ve etkisi yapar, en kolay ifadeyle ödem yaptı diye tanımlanan sağlık sorunudur. Tedavisi vardır.
Ödem Atma Yöntemleri
Tuz tüketimini azalt! Egzersiz yap, ödem olan uzuvları hareket ettir, masaj yaptır, kilolarını dengele, şiş bölgeleri kalp hizasında tut, yukarı kaldır, çok oturma, çok ayakta durma, uzun yolculuklarda, masa başında hareket etmeyi, kalkıp dolaşmayı unutma, dengeli su iç, tuz su tutar, tuzu azalt demiştik! Sıcak sudan uzaklaş, ılık su iyidir, soğuk suyla duş candır! Mevsime göre davran, ödem atayım derken hasta olma. Uyurken şiş bölgelerini yüksekte tutabilirsin. Aşağıda saydığımız beslenme şekillerine de göz at. Bir de kullandığın ilaçların etkilerini kontrol et, muayeneden korkma…
Ödem Neden Olur?
Geçici ve gün içindeki faaliyetlerden oluşan ödemler
Bu tür el ve ayaklarda, yüzde de şişkinliğe neden olabilir. Bu tür ödemler geçicidir ve genellikle tedavi edilmeden, kendiliğinden geçer. Çok uzun zaman ayakta kalmak, yolculuk yapmak, uzun süre oturmak gibi fiziksel etkilerle oluşan ödem normaldir. Kadınlarda regl döneminde veya hamilelikte de sıklıkla ödem oluşabilir. Bunlar genellikle zararsız ödemlerdir. Bu tür ödemlerde kan basıncının normal olması zararsız olmasında bir işarettir. Ödem atmak bu durumda daha kolaydır.
Kendiliğinden ve hastalık belirtisi ödemler
Ödemler bazen de kendiliğinden olup kaybolan, şiddeti hafif ve vücudun çabuk geçici bir su tutma problemi olabilir. Tabi aynı zamanda tedavi gerektiren ciddi bir hastalığın belirtisi de olabilirler. Tedaviden ziyade muayene olmayı ihmal etmemek önemlidir. Sürekli (kronik) ve ağır seyreden durumlar muayene şarttır, sebebin bilinmesi açısından muayene ihmal edilmemelidir. Vücutta kalp, böbrek, karaciğer gibi sağlık sorunlarının belirtisi olarak da ödemler oluşabilmektedir.
İlaçlar da ödem yapabilir
İlaçların yan ve alerjik hassasiyete bağlı olarak, bazı enfeksiyonlar ya da daha farklı birçok hastalığın etkisi olarak da vücutta ödem oluşabilir. Kan dolaşımındaki değişimler, dokularda fiziksel değişimlere, doku şişmelerine neden olabilir. Bu sebeple ödem vücudun hemen hemen her yerinde oluşabilir. İlaçlar yan etki olarak vücutta su tutulmasına, bu da ödeme neden olabilir. Ödem atmak için ilaçları değiştirmek gerekebilir.
Beslenme şekilleri de ödeme neden olabilir
Aşırı mineral ve tuzlu beslenme yöntemleri, orantısız sıvı tüketmek, potasyum ve magnezyum, B6 vitaminleri açısından yetersiz beslenmek ödem oluşmasına etki edebilir.
Ödem Atma İçin Besinler Neler?
Muz, yoğurt, kiraz, kayısı, maydanoz, salatalık, yeşil çay, dengeli su içmek, nar gibi gıdalar da sıvı dengesine ve ödem oluşmasına, vücuda potasyum – magnezyum desteği sağlamada etkili olur, emilimi artırır. Kuşkonmaz, pancar, üzüm, yeşil yapraklı sebzeler, kabak, soğan, yeşil fasulye, pırasa, sarımsak tüketin. Yaban mersini, domates, ahududu gibi yiyecekler tüketin.
Ödemin Belirtileri Neler?
Kol ve bacaklarda, eklem bölgelerinde ağırlaşma ve şişme, şişen bölgelerde dokunun yumuşaması, ciltte gerginlik hissi ve belirtisi ve parlak görünen deri, şişliklere bastırıldığında çukurlaşma etkisi, aşırı şişkinliklerde kıyafetlerde/ayakkabı, bel bölgelerinde sıkışma hissi, eklemlerde hareket kısıtlanması ödemin belirgin özellikleridir. Türüne göre ayrıca nefes düzeninde aksaklıklar, darlanma hissi, yatarken nefes zorlanması da ödem belirtisi olabilir. Sakal.com.tr olarak biz ödem atma için öncelikle muayeneyi ve daha sonra da yukarıda saydığımız önemleri önerebiliriz.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>We may be among the most heavily taxed states in the country, but New Jersey ranks in the lower tiers for the prevalence of obesity. (How obesity is defined.) New Jersey is the tenth least obese state in the nation according F as in Fat: How Obesity Threatens America’s Future 2010. Our adult obesity rate is ONLY 23.9 % whereas 38 states have obesity rates north of 25%; Mississippi leads the nation with the dubious distinction of having 33.8% of its adult population classified as obese. The report highlights the disparities among population groups; i.e., in New Jersey the obesity rates among blacks was 36.1%, among Latinos 25.4%, and among whites 23.1%. Geography also plays a factor in that 10 out of the 11 most obese states were located in the South; income also plays a significant role. Childhood obesity is of grave concern; almost 20% of children from 6 to 19 are classified as obese. Hence, the report from the White House Childhood Task Force on Childhood Obesity: Solving the Problem of Childhood Obesity Within a Generation. The CDC (Centers for Disease Control) has a very informative Obesity and Overweight page; MedlinePlus from the National Library of Medicine has substantial sections on obesity and obesity in children as well. Please visit this Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report site for relevant research such as Differences in Prevalence of Obesity Among Black, White, and Hispanic Adults-United States, 2006-2008; Estimated County-Level Prevalence of Diabetes and Obesity-United States, 2007; and QuickStats: Prevalence of Obesity…Among Adults Aged (greater than/equal to) 20 years…2007-2008.
Archive for June, 2010
Early this morning the State Assembly passed the budget that had been previously approved by the State Senate Monday evening. Higher education, once again, comes up short. The differences between Governor Christie’s budget and the one approved are outlined in this Summary of Appropriations Act. For news information, please consult The Star-Ledger (with accompanying photos as well as recaps of other bills voted upon by both the Assembly and the Senate), and the Bergen Record (with videos). As far as the higher education sector goes, please read the Office of Legislative Services’ Analysis of the New Jersey Budget: Higher Educational Services; Flunking Out: New Jersey’s Support for Higher Education Falls Short. March 2010 Update (New Jersey Policy Perspective); How to Fix a Broken System: Funding Public Higher Education and Making It More Productive (Princeton); and the NJ College/University Accountability Sourcebook 2010 (NJASCU).
C-SPAN will have complete coverage of the proceedings which begin today. Previous posts have provided biographical information as well as her published writings, speeches, interviews, etc. Additional documents of interest include: Report of the American Civil Liberties Union on the Nomination of Elena Kagan…; Supreme Court Nominee Elena Kagan: Presidental Authority and the Separation of Powers (CRS); Supreme Court Nominee Elena Kagan: Defamation and the First Amendment (CRS); and Legal Analysis of Solicitor General Elena Kagan’s Record on Abortion Rights (Center for Reproductive Rights).
The compromise budget was approved by the Senate Budget and Appropriations Committee last night after a long day of deal-making. S3000 was passed, but it was not the only bill under consideration during this long day. Many other bills were also considered; some passed, some did not. The committee will meet again today while the Assembly Budget Committee will hold its own hearings today and Friday. More information is available from: The Philadelphia Inquirer, The Star-Ledger, and The Trentonian. NJN is providing live coverage of the hearings in both houses; you can go to its archives section for additional coverage. A final vote by the Legislature is expected on Monday.
According to the just-released bill S3000 that details the appropriations for the state budget and is still subject to technical review, it would appear that about $8 million will be restored to the library community in New Jersey.
As of today, he is at the center of controversy thanks to his Rolling Stone interview. For now, he is the commander of U.S. forces in Afghanistan. Of course, one does not get to such a high rank without some previous experience. Biographical information on him is at: ISAF(International Security Assistance Force) Afghanistan, Time, and The Guardian. The New York Times has an extensive section on him. General McChrystal has been in the news before: The Tillman Fratricide: What the Leadership of the Defense Department Knew (House Hearing).
The compromise between Governor Christie and the Legislature did involve restoring funding to programs previously cut by the Governor. Unfortunately, neither libraries nor higher education were featured. For a listing of restored programs, the bottom of this article enumerates them. Additional information will found courtesy of: The Philadelphia Inquirer, The Times of Trenton, Bloomberg News, and The New York Times. In a possible foretaste of things to come, the Number of Retiring N.J. Teachers Nearly Doubles….<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>به گزارش بورس نیوز، سعید واشقانی فراهانی، رئیس اداره نظارت بر ناشران گروه مالی و خدماتی سازمان بورس و اوراق بهادار اظهار کرد: با توجه به انقضای مهلت مجوز افزایش سرمایه مذکور در تاریخ ۱۵ مهر ۱۴۰۰، شرکت سرمایهگذاری پردیس در تاریخ ۱۴ مهر به منظور درخواست مجدد مجوز افزایش سرمایه، اقدام به انتشار دوباره گزارش توجیهی هیئتمدیره و اظهارنظر حسابرس نسبت گزارش توجیهی هیئتمدیره در خصوص افزایش سرمایه فوقالذکر کرده؛ در نظر داشته باشید که این بار به طور اشتباهی در فرم اطلاعیههای مذکور افزایش سرمایه شرکت از مبلغ ۱۲.۵ میلیارد ریال به مبلغ ۳۰۰ میلیارد ریال (مبلغ ۲۸۷.۵ میلیارد ریال از محل مطالبات حال شده و آورده نقدی سهامداران) درج شده است.
وی افزود: با توجه به پیگیریها، اطلاعیه اصلاح شده در همان تاریخ و با فاصله زمانی ۵۵ دقیقهای در سامانه کدال افشاء شده است؛ اما با توجه به حجم زیاد معاملات سهم و افزایش قابل توجه دامنه نوسان قیمت سهم طی فاصله زمانی بین انتشار اطلاعات اولیه و اطلاعیه اصلاح شده، بررسی معاملات سهام به اداره مربوطه در سازمان ارجاع شده است.
واشقانی فراهانی گفت: در صورت احراز هرگونه تخلف در خصوص افشای اطلاعات و همچنین معاملات انجام شده، مراتب به مراجع ذیصلاح اعلام خواهد شد.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>近期大家比较关心消除打嗝的最快办法、一分钟止嗝偏方 打嗝最快方法止嗝等相关的问题，以下是我对这些话题的总结整理，让我们一起来深入了解一下吧。
文章目录列表:1.今天总是打嗝，有什么办法能尽快停止打嗝？
2.一分钟止嗝偏方 打嗝最快方法止嗝
3.怎样治打嗝最快最有效
4.打嗝的原因和解决方法
5.打嗝，最快的方法是什么？
6.怎样才能快速止嗝
最好的停止打嗝的方法是纸袋法。
拿一个纸袋用开口的一端捂住鼻子和嘴巴，用鼻子以比平时慢五到六倍的速度呼吸，然后拿掉袋子，隔5到10秒重复刚才的动作。打嗝将很快停止。
最常见的方法是喝水。
一杯水要在8到10次呼吸之内喝完，水不要喝的很快，也不能将杯子拿离嘴唇，呼吸。这种方法在打嗝的各种情境中普遍适用。
吞下一个茶匙砂糖也可以治疗打嗝。
用你的食指和拇指，把舌头抬起，并保持这个姿势约20秒。
屏住呼吸大约30秒钟然后慢慢地呼出。
完全停止打嗝之前，避免吃任何食物。很多人认为把脸浸没在冷水下几秒钟会有帮助，不建议使用这种方法，因为你在打嗝时水可以在突然进入你的鼻子和肺。
打嗝在医学上称为呃逆，是由于膈肌出现阵发性和痉挛性收缩而引起。如果受到寒冷刺激、饱餐、大笑、吃饭过快、吃进干硬食物后，都可能出现暂时性的呃逆。
常用的治疗办法
以下有数个常被作为家医疗法的做法，并被归为几个大类。
心理吸引打嗝者的注意力（比如说：向他问问题，从100倒数到0、冥想、湿吻等等。）
出其不意在其面前打破一个气球或充气纸袋，造成的惊吓可以吸引打嗝者的注意力。[1]吞咽
憋气时吞咽三次吃特殊的食物：如白糖和水，一勺花生酱[2]
用不同的办法喝一杯水（例如，弯著腰喝水。）一口气喝下一勺的醋
吃一块冰休息
深而缓慢地呼吸憋气
用鼻子吸进气，然后用嘴缓慢地呼出憋气，然后喝水
吹一个气球
我是周新老师，毕业于黑龙江中医药大学，《反射疗法临床手册》主编、反射疗法师、运动损伤防护师、北京周新中医医学研究院院长，从事反射疗法临床及教学30年，积累了丰富的反射疗法临床经验，出版反射疗法专著50余册，发表学术论文100余篇。受邀回答：打嗝，可以按摩手足部的横膈膜反射区，有一定效果，后附图文及视频。 横膈膜反射区位置 位于双足足背第1、2、3、4、5跖骨底部，与楔骨、骰骨之间，横跨足背的带状区域。 足部横膈膜反射区操作手法 双手示
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uni dell'edificio, nello specifico le pareti esterne, che verrebbero invece singolarmente caratterizzate proprio dalle esigenze di ciascun condomino con sostanziale alterazione e turbamento della complessiva uniformità estetica e funzionale dell'edificio”.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>The book of Job is one of the best-known but also one of the most perplexing books of the Bible. It begins with a simple “once upon a time” story about the righteous Job, who suddenly loses all his property and children and then develops an awful skin disease. And yet, he seems to accept everything without complaint. This is the part of the story that people are thinking of when they use the phrase “the patience of Job.” But when Job’s three friends arrive and begin to talk with him, Job is anything but patient! He accuses God of cruel and monstrous behavior, while the friends try to defend God. Job doesn’t want to talk with them, however. He wants to have a legal trial with God. When God eventually appears “out of the whirlwind,” God all but ignores Job’s demand for a trial and instead describes the mystery of the cosmos and the strange beauty of the wildest of wild animals. It is difficult to say whether Job is simply subdued or genuinely satisfied by God’s reply. God rebukes Job’s friends, praises Job, and then restores Job’s fortunes and gives him a new family and a long life. So things appear to end “happily ever after.” But many questions linger.
Why do bad things happen to the good Job?
The book of Job sets out to answer a difficult question. If God blesses righteous people (as the book assumes), then are people righteous only for what they can get out of such behavior? And if that is the case, then they aren’t truly righteous, are they? This is the argument that erupts between God and the angel called “the accuser,” who is basically the prosecuting attorney of heaven. God thinks Job is a perfectly righteous man, but the accuser thinks Job is, well, just in it for the money. There is only one way to find out. If everything is taken away from Job, then he will either curse God (as the accuser thinks), or he will be as pious in misfortune as in good fortune (as God thinks). So Job is subjected to something like a scientific experiment. What an outrageous story! But as some of the ancient rabbis noted, the story of Job is a kind of parable, and it is often the case that parables make their points by using outrageous situations. In the “once upon a time...and they lived happily ever after” part of the book (Job 1-2, Job 42:7-17), Job demonstrates that it is possible for a person to be both righteous and blessed. In the long middle part of the book, however, some different questions are asked, this time not about human beings but about God. Is innocent suffering an indication that God doesn’t care about the world? Or, even worse, does God personally delight in tormenting the innocent?
Does God really answer Job or not?
In chapters 3-31, Job struggles with his image of God. It is not just his own suffering that he finds so perplexing. When Job looks around at the world in general, it seems to him that God pays no attention to the suffering of the poor and innocent and that the wicked are the very ones who are doing quite well. God must be a cruel monster. And yet, how could the God who commands people to act with justice not be just himself? This is why Job thinks that if he could have a trial with God, justice would be done.
When God speaks from the whirlwind (Job 38-39), however, God does not seem to answer Job’s questions—and for good reason. Job had come to assume that everything that happens is a divine judgment on good or bad behavior. He left no room for randomness, accidents, or human evil. But the world is not like that. God’s speeches paint a picture of a world of beauty, order, and vibrant life—but also a place where fearsome and uncontrollable things exist.
Following God’s speeches, the ending of the book no longer looks like a reward for passing the test but rather like Job’s acceptance of what it means to live in such a world as God has described. But Job knows that the world is also a place for love and joy. He is willing to bring ten more children into the world, even knowing that bad things sometimes do happen to good people.
Carol Newsom, "Job", n.p. [cited 19 Oct 2020]. Online: http://www.bibleodyssey.org/en/people/main-articles/job
Carol A. Newsom, Charles Howard Candler Professor of Old Testament/Hebrew Bible, Emory University, is the author of a commentary on Job in the New Interpreter’s Bible and of a book on Job, The Book of Job: A Contest of Moral Imaginations (Oxford University Press, 2003). She also wrote the entry for Job in the Women’s Bible Commentary (Westminster John Knox, 2012).<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>حجت الاسلام روانبخش: دکتر جواد سلیمانی چند روز پیش کتاب جریان شناسی فکری سیاسی صدر اسلام که به تازگی منتشر شده است به محضر استاد مصباح تقدیم کرد ایشان می گوید استاد پس از تشکر، فرمودند: تقریبا حدود 30 سال پیش در دوران ریاست جمهوری آیت الله خامنه ای یک روز ایشان بنده و آیت الله جوادی آملی و آیت الله مکارم را دعوت کرد رفتیم به محضرشان رسیدیم ایشان فرمودند قبل از انقلاب نویسندگانی بودند که کتاب هایی مناسب نسل جوان می نوشتند ولی متاسفانه پس از انقلاب قدری کم رنگ شده از شما 3 نفر تقاضا می کنم از این سری کتاب ها برای نسل جوان بنویسید. پس از مدتی برای بار دوم ما را دعوت کردند دیدیم سه نفر از آقایان جوانتر ها نیز دعوت شده اند آقایان محمدی عراقی، صادقی رشاد و سید محمد رضا مدرسی؛ ایشان فرمودند آن چه قبلا از شما خواسته بودم می توانید از این نیروها استفاده کنید. به هرحال دوستان کارهایی انجام دادند. سپس به آقای دکتر سلیمانی فرمودند این کتاب شما از سلسله کتاب هایی است که آن روزحضرت آقا از ما می خواستند نوشته شود.
منبع: کانال تلگرام آیت الله مصباح یزدی
دسته بندی: خاطرات فرهنگی<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Hepatit C, hepatit C virüsünün neden olduğu karaciğer iltihabıdır ve esas olarak kan teması yoluyla bulaşır. Ancak enfeksiyon kronikleşirse yıllar sonra karaciğer sirozu ve karaciğer kanseri gelişebilir. Bununla birlikte, bugün enfekte olanların yüzde 95'inden fazlası ilaç tedavisi ile tedavi edilebilmektedir.
Bir bakışta
- Hepatit C, hepatit C virüsünün yol açtığı bir karaciğer iltihabıdır.
- Virüsler kan yoluyla bulaşır. Enjektörleri ortak kullanan uyuşturucu kullanıcıları özellikle risk altındadır.
- Çoğu durumda, kronik enfeksiyon gelişecektir.
- Tedavi edilmediği takdirde uzun yıllar sonra siroz ve karaciğer kanserine yol açabilir.
- Hepatit C hastalıklarının yüzde 95'inden fazlası artık ilaçlarla tedavi edilebilmektedir.
- Hepatit C'ye karşı aşı geliştirilmemiştir ve birden çok kez enfekte olabilirsiniz.
Not: Bu yazıdaki bilgiler bir doktor muayenesinin yerini tutamaz ve kişinin kendi kendine teşhis yapabilmesi veya tedavi etmesi için kullanılmamalıdır.
Hepatit C nedir?
Hepatit C, hepatit C virüsünün yol açtığı bir karaciğer iltihabıdır. Patojen henüz 1989'da keşfedilmiştir. Enfeksiyon esas olarak enfekte kan yoluyla gerçekleşir. Ortak enjektör kullanan uyuşturucu kullanıcıları önemli bir risk grubunu temsil etmektedir.
Akut hepatit C genellikle kayda değer herhangi bir semptom olmadan ilerler. Ancak vakaların yarısından fazlasında kronik bir enfeksiyona dönüşür ve yıllar sonra karaciğer sirozu ve karaciğer kanserine yol açabilir. Şu anda hepatit C virüsüne karşı bir aşı bulunmamakla birlikte, enfeksiyon artık ilaçla iyi bir şekilde tedavi edilebilmektedir.
"Hepar", Yunanca karaciğer anlamına gelmektedir. Hepatit adı da buradan gelmektedir. Farklı hepatit virüsleri ve hepatit biçimleri olduğundan doktorlar bu hastalıkları isimlendirirken aralarındaki farkları belirtmek için A'dan E'ye farklı harfler kullanır.
Hepatit C'de hangi semptomlar görülür?
Vakaların dörtte üçünde, hepatit C virüsü kaynaklı akut enfeksiyon ya hiç semptom göstermez ya da sadece hafif ve spesifik olmayan semptomlara yol açar.
Bunlar arasında örneğin aşağıdakiler olabilir:
- Halsizlik
- İştahsızlık ve mide bulantısı
- Eklem ve kas ağrısı
- Hafif ateş
Diğer dörtte birlik dilimde ise sarılık (ikterus) ortaya çıkar ve gözlerin beyaz kısmı ve cilt hafif sarıya döner. Ek olarak, idrar rengi koyulaşırken dışkı rengi ise daha açık bir hal alır. Sarılığa ciltte kaşıntının eşlik etmesi nadir görülen bir durum değildir.
Akut enfeksiyondan kronik hepatit C gelişirse, genellikle fark edilmez veya sadece performans düşüklüğü, kaşıntı veya eklem ağrısı gibi spesifik olmayan şikayetlere neden olur. Muhtemelen sağ kostal kemerde karaciğer bölgesinde ağrı görülebilir.
Hepatit C nasıl bulaşır?
Hepatit C’de en önemli enfeksiyon kaynağı patojeni içeren kanla temastır. Örneğin enjeksiyon yoluyla uyuşturucu alan ve enjektör, iğne, kaşık veya tavaları ortak kullanan kişiler özellikle risk altındadır. Ayrıca, örneğin kokain çekerken kullanılan boruların ortak kullanılması sonucu hepatit C virüsleri, kan kalıntıları yoluyla da bulaşabilir.
Sağlık personeli de örneğin kazayla oluşan bıçak yaraları yoluyla enfekte olabilir. Fakat bunun enfeksiyon riski düşüktür ve yüzde birden azdır. Sistematik virüs testleri sayesinde, Almanya'da hastalığın kontamine kan yoluyla bulaşması konusunda fiilen hiçbir tehlike kalmamıştır.
Kana ek olarak, hepatit C virüsleri bazen tükürük, ter, gözyaşı veya spermde de bulunur. Ancak bu vücut sıvıları yoluyla enfeksiyon pek mümkün değildir. Yaralanma olasılığının yüksek olduğu cinsel aktiviteler istisnadır.
Hamile bir kadına hepatit C bulaşmışsa virüs doğumda veya daha önce plasentadan bebeğe geçebilir. Ancak, böyle bir anneden çocuğa bulaşma olasılığı yalnızca tek haneli yüzde aralığındadır.
Enfeksiyon hastalıkları nelerdir?
Aşağıdaki videodan, doktorların hangi durumlarda enfeksiyon hastalıklarından bahsettiğini, hangi nedenlerin enfeksiyon hastalıklarını tetiklediğini ve bu hastalıkların nasıl bulaştığını öğrenebilirsiniz.
Bu ve diğer videolar YouTube kanalında da mevcutturŞimdi izleyin
Bu sitede yayımlanan veri koruma bildirimleri geçerlidir.
Hepatit C ne kadar yaygındır?
Hepatit C tüm dünyada yaygındır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü'nün tahminlerine göre, kabaca her yüz kişiden biri kronik olarak enfektedir. Enfeksiyon oranları ülkeden ülkeye önemli ölçüde dalgalanmaktadır ve Orta Doğu'nun yanı sıra Afrika, Orta Asya ve Avrupa'nın bazı bölgelerinde nispeten yüksektir. Genel Alman nüfusunda ise hepatit C ile enfekte olan kişilerin oranı sadece yüzde 0,3 civarındadır.
Belirli nüfus grupları, örneğin cezaevi mahkumları veya enfeksiyon oranının daha yüksek olduğu ülkelerden gelen göçmenler, enfeksiyondan daha fazla etkilenir. Ülkemizdeki çeşitli araştırmalara göre, uyuşturucu kullanıcılarının üçte biri ile dörtte üçü arasındaki dilimi hepatit C’ye yakalanmıştır.
Hepatit C’nin seyri nasıldır?
Hepatit C ile enfekte iseniz kanda virüse karşı spesifik antikorların saptanması ve hastalığın durumuna bağlı olarak rahatsızlıkların ortaya çıkması 2 hafta ile 6 ay arasında sürebilir. Ama hastalığın ortaya çıkması genellikle 7 ila 8 hafta sürer.
Temel olarak, hepatit C virüsünün (HCV-RNA) genetik materyali kanda olduğu sürece, hepatit C ile enfekte olan kişiler hastalığı başkalarına bulaştırabilir. Bu, patojenlerin vücutta çoğaldığını ve akut bir enfeksiyon durumunda genellikle birkaç gün sonra, yani semptomların başlamasından önce durumun böyle olduğunu gösterir. Aynı şekilde, kronik olarak enfekte olmuş kişiler başkalarına bulaştırabilir.
Akut hepatit C’de hastaların yaklaşık yüzde 15 ila 40'ında birkaç hafta ila aylar içinde, hastalığın herhangi bir sonuca neden olmadığı iyileşme görülür. Bununla birlikte enfeksiyondan kurtulduktan sonra tekrar enfekte olabilirsiniz çünkü hepatit C geçirdikten sonra hastalığa karşı kalıcı bağışıklık edinmezsiniz.
Enfeksiyon vakaların yüzde 60 ila 85'inde kroniktir. Tedavi edilmezse bu hastalardan bazıları uzun vadede, genellikle 20 ila 30 yıllık bir süre içinde karaciğer sirozu geliştirir. Karaciğer dokusu giderek bağ dokusuna dönüşür ve karaciğerin işlevi azalır.
Ancak hastalığın seyri kişiden kişiye büyük ölçüde değişir ve birçok faktörden etkilenir.
Örneğin aşağıdakiler olumsuz durum olarak kabul edilir:
- İleri yaş
- Erkek cinsiyeti
- Kronik alkol tüketimi
- Obezite ve diyabet
- Ek olarak hepatit B veya HIV enfeksiyonları
- Bağışıklık sistemini baskılayan ilaçların uzun süreli kullanımı
Hepatit C nedeniyle karaciğer sirozu olan kişiler de karaciğer kanseri riski altındadır. Ayrıca kronik hepatit C, örneğin kronik böbrek yetmezliği, vasküler enflamasyon, lenf nodu kanseri veya kardiyovasküler hastalıklar gibi diğer organların hastalıklarına yol açabilir.
Hepatit C nasıl önlenir?
Şu anda hepatit C'ye karşı geliştirilmiş bir aşı bulunmamaktadır. Ama risk altındaki kişiler kendilerini koruyabilir. Bu nedenle enjeksiyon yoluyla uyuşturucu madde kullanan kişilerin yalnızca kendi enjektörlerini ve araçlarını kullanmaları önemlidir. Uyuşturucuyu burundan çekmek için kullanılan borular da ortak kullanılmamalıdır.
Hepatit C bulaşmış biriyle yaşayan kişiler, tıraş bıçağı, tıraş makinesi, tırnak makası veya diş fırçasını ortak kullanmayarak patojeni içeren kan izleriyle temastan kaçınabilir. Sıklıkla farklı cinsel partnerlerle birlikte olma durumunda prezervatif kullanımı özellikle tavsiye edilir.
Tıp alanında, hepatit C enfeksiyonlarını önlemek için bilindik hijyen ve iş güvenliği önlemleri genellikle yeterlidir.
Hepatit C nasıl teşhis edilir?
Hepatit C hastalığının genellikle tipik semptomları yoktur. Bu nedenle teşhis genellikle rastlantısal bir bulgudur. Koruyucu sağlık hizmeti kapsamında yüksek karaciğer değerlerinin ortaya çıkması ve doktorun tıbbi geçmişe dayanarak hastalıktan şüphelenmesi buna örnek olarak gösterilebilir.
Hepatit C kan testi ile saptanır. Bununla birlikte virüslere karşı oluşturulmuş spesifik antikorları aranır. Bunlar saptanabilirse kan, patojenin (HCV-RNA) genetik yapısı için de test edilir. Çünkü iyileşmiş ve aktif enfeksiyon arasında ayrım yapmanın tek yolu budur.
Doktorlar ayrıca karaciğerin hepatit C'de hasar görüp görmediğini değerlendirmek için ultrason taraması yapar.
Hepatit C nasıl tedavi edilir?
Akut hepatit C bazı durumlarda kendi kendine iyileşir. Tedavi edilmesine gerek yoktur.
Öte yandan, enfeksiyon kronik bir seyir izliyorsa, hastalar genellikle farklı aktif maddelerle kombinasyon tedavisi alır. Birkaç yıldır, hepatit C virüslerinin üremesini etkili bir şekilde engelleyen bir dizi farklı ilaç (proteaz inhibitörleri, polimeraz inhibitörleri, NS5A inhibitörleri) vardır. Tedavi tipik olarak 8 ila 12 hafta ama bazı durumlarda daha uzun sürer. Günümüzde tedavi edilen hastaların yüzde 95'inden fazlası iyileşmektedir.
- Berufsverband niedergelassener Gastroenterologen (bng): Empfehlungen des bng zur Therapie der chronischen Hepatitis C. Update Oktober 2019. Aufgerufen am 20.04.2020.
- Robert Koch-Institut (RKI): Infektionskrankheiten A-Z: Hepatitis C. Aufgerufen am 20.04.2020.
- Robert Koch-Institut (RKI). RKI-Ratgeber: Hepatitis C. Aufgerufen am 20.04.2020.
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie, Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten e.V. (Alman Gastroenteroloji, Sindirim ve Metabolizma Hastalıkları Derneği) (DGVS) tarafından denetlenmiştir. Tarih:<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>تفاهم نامه همکاری میان شرکت ماشین سازی پارس و شرکت ایرید (گسترش صنایع ریلی ایران) در محل نمایشگاه بین المللی منعقد گردید.
به گزارش روابط عمومی شرکت ماشین سازی پارس:
این تفاهم نامه با هدف انجام پروژه های خرید، طراحی، ساخت و تامین ماشین آلات صنعتی و دستگاه های مورد نیاز در صنعت ریلی و همچنین همکاری در توسعه زیرساخت ها و انجام پروژه های E
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yara almadan kurtulan Farming, "Ben de ona yumruk attım, bu yüzden vazgeçti" dedi.
Deniz Yaylacı dünya ikincisi
Kolombiya'nın Cali kentinde devam eden Dünya Yıldızlar Atletizm Şampiyonası'nda milli atlet Deniz Yaylacı, kadınlar çekiç atma finalinde 67.01 metrelik derecesiyle yıldızlarda dünya ikincisi olarak gümüş madalya kazandı. Deniz, böylece organizasyonda Türkiye'ye ilk madalyasını kazandırmış oldu.
Antalya'dan Totti'ye 10 milyon Euro(!)
Eto'o transferi sonrası dünya basınının gözünü çevirdiği Antalyaspor hakkında yeni bir iddia İtalya'dan geldi. Sky Sport Italia, Akdeniz temsilcisinin, Roma'nın 38 yaşındaki emektar ve efsane kaptanı Francesco Totti'ye teklif yaptığını duyurdu. Haberin en ilginç detayı ise Totti'ye önerilen ücretin 10 milyon Euro olması.
Pistten 13'üncü vizeyi Halil Akkaş aldı
Atletizmde 2016 Rio Olimpiyatları'na katılmaya hak kazanan milli sporcu sayımız 13'e yükseldi. Belçika'nın Heusden kentinde düzenlenen yarışlarda Halil Akkaş, 3 bin metre engellide 8.22.49'luk derecesiyle olimpiyat barajını geçmeyi başardı.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>کاردار اوکراین در کشورمان در پی انتشار موضع عجیب و مغرضانه مشاور دفتر ریاست جمهوری این کشور درباره اقدام تروریستی در اصفهان به وزارت امور خارجه ایران احضار شد.
به گزارش خبرگزاری مهر، در پی انتشار موضع عجیب و مغرضانه از سوی مشاور دفتر ریاست جمهوری اوکراین در رابطه با اقدام تروریستی علیه تأسیساتی در اصفهان، کاردار سفارت این کشور توسط رئیس اداره سیاسی در حوزه اورآسیا به وزارت امور خارجه احضار شد.
مسئول ایرانی ضمن تسلیم یادداشت رسمی به کاردار سفارت اوکراین، خواستار توضیح رسمی و فوری از سوی دولت اوکراین در این رابطه شد.
کاردار اوکراین ضمن ابراز امیدواری از عدم تکرار چنین مواضعی، اظهار داشت: مراتب را فوراً به دولت متبوع خود منعکس و پاسخ دریافتی را به وزارت امورخارجه ارائه خواهد کرد.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>Today, urban transportation has attracted urban planners’ and researchers' attention because of air and noise pollution problems associated with it. In Shahrkord city in Iran, no plans have been made for sustainable transportation, and the available poor transportation infrastructure is not responsive to the growing population of the city. This issue has inflicted the city with serious problems, including environmental pollution, traffic jams, and car accidents. Therefore, it is necessary for urban managers and planners to conduct necessary planning and analysis for the development of urban transportation system through a strategic perspective. In this study, the strengths and weaknesses as well as the opportunities and threats of Shahrkord transportation system are identified using strength, weakness, opportunity, threat (SWOT) analysis. Status of the city's transportation system is determined through evaluation of internal and external factors. The results of SWOT analysis and the matrix of internal and external factors indicate that the internal and external evaluation factors are equal to 2.330 and 3.367, respectively, which means that Shahrekord transportation system holds a conservative situation. Considering the identified status, several strategies are proposed to improve the status quo. Finally, the proposed strategies are evaluated based on sustainable development indices, namely economic, environmental, and social indices, by using the fuzzy complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) method. The results show that the best proposed strategy is attraction of private investors to set up pedestrian bridges equipped with escalators and the concession of using them for the establishment of environmental advertisement.
- Integrated SWOT and fuzzy COPRAS approach is proposed for strategic planning of urban transportation system
- Several strategies are proposed to improve the status of urban transportation system
- The proposed strategies are evaluated by the proposed approach based on the sustainable indices.<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>原标题：“疯子”捅死一男孩保安在旁“未在意”晨报记者李东华男孩涛涛（化名）被精神病患者张某从小区内追赶至小区门卫室外捅死，一定不曾想过，涛涛父母对保安的这种行为异常气愤，会闹出人命，在起诉张某及其监护人的同时，袁先生买下了两套顶楼大户型房，法院经审理后作出一审判决，袁先生就开始动手打造他理想中的江景豪宅，日前，他装修动静太大，维持原判，接到投诉后，12岁男孩涛涛放学回到自家小区，却遭遇意外一脚踏空，涛涛被张某的举动惊吓，当场死亡。
而张某见状持刀追逐，物业公司将业主告上了法庭，南区北围墙北侧0.1米处的人行道上追上涛涛，日前，致涛涛当场死亡，判决袁先生等四人承担物业人员郑女士死亡的70%责任，被害人涛涛和张某沿北大门门卫室南侧、西侧、北侧绕行，欲打通顶楼两套房违规装修引发投诉48岁的袁先生是衢州人，张某手持的凶器在门卫室西侧曾掉落两次，他买下了衢州市郊某小区某幢住宅楼同一单元的两套六楼顶楼房，案发地与门卫室近在咫尺，袁先生称，为张某实施加害行为提供了条件，顶楼住户拥有该单元阁楼通道的管理权，故起诉要求张某及监护人赔偿各项损失204万余元；物业公司对赔偿请求承担补充赔偿责任。
袁先生决定把两套六楼房子和七楼的阁楼合为一套，事发时发病的张某不能自控，2018年02月房子交付，肯定会停止加害行为，袁先生开始装修，如保安出来阻止，袁先生将阁楼靠近公共通道处的墙体打破，故物业公司也应承担相应责任，打通墙体的巨大噪声和震动引发了其他住户的强烈投诉，张某杀害男孩的行为发生在小区外的人行道上，物管上门检查踏空不幸坠落身亡55岁的郑女士退休后被物业公司返聘做了一名物管，男孩和张某通过小区大门只有3秒钟，物业公司评价她“做事认真负责一丝不苟”，门卫室保安未反应过来实属正常，郑女士来到袁先生正在装修的房子检查。
并开启了监控设施，还做了两个木门，因此，门后堆了两袋砂石顶着，保安起码应予以呵斥法院审理后认为，打开门，赔偿义务人无异议，不料从阁楼门洞处摔至六楼楼梯井平台上，本案争议焦点为被告物业公司是否应承担民事责任，物业公司得知此事后立刻报警，法院认为，经调查，终止于紧邻小区门卫室外侧，不属于刑事案件，整个暴力行为并无中断。
业主违规装修，物业公司作为事发小区的物业管理企业，有重大过错，当然，将袁先生告上法庭，虽不能强求保安像警察一样冲上去与手持凶器的歹徒搏斗，但袁先生认为，最起码也应对行凶者予以呵斥，造成的损失应由其物业公司承担，马路对面的北区门口也有一名保安，按照销售合同约定，张某在伤害男孩时，在装修过程中，但其“并未在意”，但门后用两大袋砂石顶住。
当张某实施最后的疯狂行为时，庭审结束后，可见物业公司存在过错，判决袁先生等四人承担物业人员郑女士死亡的70%责任，根据我国侵权责任法的相关规定，截至昨晚发稿时，属于安全保障义务责任的承担主体，为什么这么判？未尽维护房屋义务，法院予以支持，建筑物的所有人或者管理人对建筑物负有维护、管理以及安全保障的义务，法院确认为106万余元”他认为，物业公司对其中的20%承担补充赔偿责任，袁先生及其家人在装修过程中<|end_of_text|><|begin_of_text|>满族春节祭祖习俗趣谈2017-08-29 10:06:00
祭祖是满族民俗生活中的大事，也是满族文化的重要组成部分，有常祭、换锁、跳喜神、春节祭祖、大祭、办谱祭等多种形式，其中，春节祭祖尤为隆重和神秘。
祭祖的时间
春节对于满族和汉族来说都是一个重要的传统节日，满族人也将春节称为过年。过年时，人们欢欢喜喜置办各种年货，这里面除了人们自己享用的节日食品外，还包括春节祭祖的神圣供品。
按照满族传统祭祖习俗，春节祭祖时间从除夕开始直至正月十五结束，时长半个月。在这段时间内，人与神共处一室，世俗与神圣融为一体，也让人们之间的亲情更加浓郁。
满族人认为除夕是一年当中新旧交接的重要时刻，在这一天要对过去的一年做出总结，同时更要期盼新的一年，这样重要的时刻一定要与祖先一同度过。正月十五是春节结束的标志，过了正月十五，春节也就过去了，于是要在这一天送走祖先，结束这一年的祭祖仪式。
按照满族风俗，家谱供奉在“穆昆”家里，即族长家里。穆昆是家族中德高望重、最受爱戴的人。家谱所在地决定了与之相关的祭祖仪式、家族活动也要在穆昆家里举行。
满族文化“以西为大”，住房也以西屋为大，东屋为小。家谱通常都要存放在西屋。按照满族人的居住习俗，西屋内是南、西、北三面连通的万字炕（又称转圈炕），其中西炕上有一块高悬的吊板。吊板是约1尺长、1尺宽的木板，俗称“祖宗板”，其上放“祖宗匣”。祖宗匣里装有3层红布包裹的家谱、神偶、箭、刀、酒盅等祭祀器具，平日里不允许随意打开。同时，祖宗板下面的西炕也具有神圣性，不得随便坐人和堆放杂物。最主要的禁忌是不允许戴狗皮帽或狗皮套袖的人坐在这里。传说在满清入关之前，一只大青狗曾救过努尔哈赤，所以满族人很尊敬狗，不可以伤害狗。
祭祖仪式的规矩
祭祖仪式上出现的所有人都可以在家谱中找到名字。满族家谱通常是一张白色布单，上面有松树、楼宇等建筑；从上到下，按照辈分高低依次记录族人姓名和分支。按传统修谱规矩，“烧香”只在特定的年份（龙、虎年）进行，所有的家族男性成员都要参加。一般家族每12年“办谱”一次，添加新生男性族人名字。
只有家族男性成员才能上谱的规定，决定了只有男性成员才有资格参加祭祖仪式。祭祖仪式的一个重要环节是每次“请神”之前，都要“亮谱”，这就意味着将家族所有人员名单公开确认一次，也暗示着这些人将会出现在之后的祭祀现场。
在祭祀现场，家谱上的族人又被划分为两个群体，即在下面跪拜的子孙和高高在上的祖先。在跪拜的子孙群体中，按照辈分、年龄的不同，又有若干分层。族长在最前方靠近“吊杂”（摆放祭品的地方）的位置，其次按照辈分高低依次向后有序祭拜，这样就围绕着吊杂形成了一个不断向外扩散的水纹状图形，家族血缘发展脉络也在这个水纹状图形中清晰地显示出来。与之相对，祖先则是以群体的形象存在于人们的意识中，集体接受子孙的祭拜，没有始祖、远祖、高曾祖的差别。
满族祭祖仪式中男性成员和女性成员分工不同。在家族祭祖仪式上，女性成员不能出现，尤其是除夕请神的时候，家族媳妇、女儿等女性成员都穿戴整齐，端坐在炕上，不能下地，更不允许参加仪式。但这并不意味着女性在祭祖仪式中完全缺失。事实证明，女性在仪式中扮演着重要角色。在仪式之前，女性成员负责打扫房屋、制作各种食品和准备物品；在15天的祭祀时间中，每天的食物更换工作都由女性成员承担。可以说，女性也是祭祀仪式的一个重要参与群体，只是她们的参与方式与男性不同。女性成员的参与并不直接体现在仪式现场，但她们的工作却是仪式得以顺利进行不可缺少的部分。女性成员对祭祖仪式的参与不仅有利于强化她们的家族地位，使其受到族人敬重，同时也能深化她们的家族意识，使其作为家族的一分子更好地融合在家族生活中。
亮谱
除夕当天是最重要的时间点，在这一天人们满怀欣喜地举行隆重的亮谱、请神仪式，这也是满族人最为珍视的春节习俗。
在祭祖仪式开始之前，女性成员要负责将本次祭祀仪式所使用的物品准备齐整，包括食物和用品两大类。在祭祀食品方面，按照传统祭祖习俗，祭品的种类和数量都没有规定，从当年的年货中选择即可，如新鲜的水果、蔬菜、鸡、鱼、肉类等，不必单独准备祭祀食品。与普通食品相比，上供的馒头要点上红点，以示其神圣性。
亮谱是春节祭祖仪式开始的标志。下午三四点钟的时候，亮谱之家的家长（族长）开始准备祭祀仪式。首先要将所需祭品摆放整齐，在祖宗板下方摆上小供桌。小供桌是一张小四方桌，桌中间放好香炉，香炉左右两边摆放两个插上金边蜡烛的烛台，香炉、烛台之前摆放水果、糕点等食物若干盘。有时还要在两侧贴上春联，在最上方贴上“挂千”
（满族剪纸艺术）。小供桌摆好后，要在北炕上设置吊杂，即摆放一张大四方桌作为供桌，将已备好的各种供菜摆放整齐，在桌子四角摆放4副碗筷和酒盅。大小供桌摆放齐备以后，族长召集家人准备亮谱。
待家人聚齐之后，按照辈分依次站立。族长首先将供桌上的蜡烛点燃，然后在香炉中点燃一炷香。待香燃烧一会儿后，族长恭敬地将家谱从祖宗匣中请出，去掉外面的红布，展开后悬挂在西墙上。以前家谱打开后还要在上面挂上黄绫子幔帐，以免其他人直接看到家谱，现在不再悬挂幔帐。
请神
请神是满族春节祭祖仪式的高潮。请神的时间是午夜12点，在此之前，所有能够赶来参加仪式的族人都早早到来，准备参加仪式。仪式之前，在族长的带领下，人们在院中点燃一堆木火。待木火燃烧正旺的时候，开始燃放鞭炮。这时族长面朝大门的方向，开始请神。族人依次恭敬站立，不许随意说话。按照传统家祭习俗，族长要用满语请神，但是现在已经很少有人会说满语，请神时也开始使用汉语。当族长说完请神之后，所有族人一起跪拜磕头，然后转进西屋。回到西屋后，族长将吊杂处的4个酒盅斟满，所有族人再次向祖先磕头，完成请神
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